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英语八年级下册语法总结

发布时间:2020-12-28 14:20:38

A. 初二英语下册重点语法、句型归纳总结

下册主要就是被动语态啦被动语态的主要用法
一.定义
语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。
■当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的)
■突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语。
The time-table has been changed. 时间表已变动了。(要突出的是“时间”)
These books are written especially for children. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“”这些书)
■为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如:
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 请您在下次会议上作个发言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。
■出于修辞的原因,或是说为了更好地安排句子。如:
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。(因those的定语太长了,若用它作主语,主语与谓语就相距太远而显得句子松散。)

8种常用时态的被动语态

由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。
(1) 一般现在时:am/is/are +过去分词。如:
Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。
(2) 一般过去时:was/were+过去分词。如:
The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。
(3) 现在进行时:am/is/are being +过去分词。如:
The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。
(4) 过去进行时:was/were/being +过去分词。如:
This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。
(5) 一般将来时:will be +过去分词。如:
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。
(6) 过去将来时:would be +过去分词。如:
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。
(7) 现在完成时:have/has been +过去分词。如:
This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。
(8) 过去完在时:had been +过去分词。如:
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时,发现票已卖完了。

使用被动语态“六注意”

一要注意被动语态的不同时态
被动语态由“be+过去分词”,其中的助动词 be 根据情况可使用各种不同时态。如:
She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般现在时)
The book will be reprinted soon. 这本书很快会重印。(一般将来时)
The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(现在进行时)
They have been given a warning. 他们受到警告。(现在完成时)
二要注意带情态动词的被动语态
该结构的基本形式为“情态动词+be(或be的适当形式)+过去分词”。这类结构非常有可能作为语境题出现在考卷中。如:
The rules must be obeyed. 这些规章制度必须遵守。
They shouldn’t have been told about it. 这事是不应当告诉他们的。
三要注意非谓语动词的被动语态
1. 不定式一般式的被动语态。由“to be+过去分词”构成。如:
She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求给她一些工作做。
2. 不定式完成式的被动语态。由“to have been+过去分词”构成。如:
I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想让人把结果早点告诉我的。
3. 现在分词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如:
I saw him being taken away. 我看见有人把他带走了。
4. 现在分词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如:
Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因为邀请我去讲话,我明天就得做准备。
5. 动名词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如:

He hates being made a fool of. 他讨厌被别人愚弄。
6. 动名词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如:
Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把车开出城的指令后,我开始信心十足了。
注:过去分词没有被动式,因为它本身可以表示被动意义。如:
The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。
四要注意“get+过去分词”构成的被动语态
英语被动语态通常由“助动词be+过去分词”构成,有时也可用“get+过去分词”构成。如:
James got beaten last night. 詹姆斯昨晚被打了。
但总的说来,用get构成的被动语态不如用be构成的被动语态常见,尤其是在含有施动者的by短语时,用get构成被动语态更是少见。不过有时用be+过去分词构成被动语态构成误解时,人们可能会选get+过去分词来避免这种误解:
The window was broken. 窗户破了(表状态)。/ 窗户被打破了(表动作)
The window got broken. 窗户被打破了(表动作)
五要注意哪些动词不用于被动语态
1. 不及物动词没有被动语态。因为不及物动词没有宾语,所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语,故不能用于被动语态。但是值得注意的是,有些英语中的不及物动词,译成汉语时却可能是“及物”的,很容易出错,这类动词如:take place(发生),happen(发生),come about(发生),break out(爆发),appear(出现),disappear(消失),last(持续),arise(出现,发生)等:
Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常发生在冬季。
2. 英语中的静态动词(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用于被动语态:
The young man lacks experience. 这个年轻人缺乏经验。
英语不用被动语态几种的情形
1.谓语为连系动词时,不用被动语态。如:He looked fine. 他气色好。The food tastes delicious. 这食物味道很好。
2. 谓语为不及物动词(短语)时,不用被动语态。如:The war broke out in the end. 战争终于爆发了。
3. 宾语为不定式、动词的-ing 形式或从句,表示主语的一些想法、爱好或愿望时,一般不用被动语态。如:
He decided to go with us. 他决定跟我们一起去。4. 宾语是相互代词、反身代词、同源宾语等时,一般不用被动语态。如:
We should help each other. 我们应该相互帮助。He thinks of himself too much. 他对自己想得太多。
5. 宾语是处所、地点时,一般不用被动语态。如:
We will reach the station in two hours. 我们再过两个小时就会到站了。
6. 谓语部分(动词与宾语) 是一个不可分割的动词短语时,一般不用被动语态。如:
The ship set sail this morning. 这艘轮船今天早晨起航了。
通常不用于被动语态的静态动词
那里的人缺乏食物。正:People there lack food. 误:Food is lacked by people there.
从形式上看,第2句是第1句的相应的被动形式,既然第1句为正句,那么第2句从理论上说应该是成立的。而事实上第2句却是个错句。
在英语中,并不是所有的及物动词都可以用于被动语态的,有些动词(尤其是那些静态动词)尽管它们可以带宾语,但却不用于被动语态,这种动词考生容易弄错,其中主要的有:have,lack,fit,suit,cost,let,like等:
他有一台电脑。正:He has a computer.误:A computer is had by him.
他当时正在洗澡。正:He was taking a bath. 误:A bath was being had by him.
我的鞋不适合。正:My shoes don’t fit me. 误:I am not fitted by my shoes.
这架钢琴花了她6000美元。正:The piano cost her 6000 dollars.
六要注意两类被动句型的相互转换
英语中有一种主动句可以转换成两种被动句型,它们通常是一些表示客观说明的句子。如:
People believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。
It’s believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。
She is believed to be honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。
比较上面两类被动句型可以发现,一类是“it+be+过去分词+that从句”,另一类则是“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”(其中的“主语”为前一类句型中that从句中的主语),通常可用于这两类被动句型的动词有assume, believe, expect, fear, feel, know, presume, report, say, suppose, think, understand等,比较(同时注意其中时态和动词形式的变化):
It’s known that he was a good singer. / He is known to have been a good singer. 大家知道他曾是位优秀的歌手。
表示“据说”的三类被动句型

B. 2014人教版新目标八年级下册英语语法汇总

一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如
tomorrow,
the
day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years
等。

be going to do

(动词原形)结构:表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如:
It is going to rain.

will do

结构表示将来的用法:

1.
表示预见

Do you think it will rain?

You will feel better after a good rest.

2.
表示意图

I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.

What will she do tomorrow?

基本构成如下:

一般疑问句构成:


1

will+
主语
+do

? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?


2

there be
结构的一般疑问句:
Will there + be

?

Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t

否定句构成:
will + not

won’t

+do

Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday.

特殊疑问句构成:

特殊疑问词+
will
+主语+„?
What will Sarah do next Sunday?

★★练一练★★

根据例句,用
will
改写下列各句

例:
I don’t feel well today.

be better tomorrow


I’ll be better tomorrow
.

1. Gina has six classes today.

have a lot of homework tonight


_____________________________

2. I’m tired now.

sleep later


_____________________________

3. My parents need a new car.

buy one soon


_____________________________

4. We can’t leave right now.

leave a little later


_____________________________

5. The weather is awful today.

be better tomorrow


_____________________________
答案:
1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight.

2. I’ll sleep later.

3. They’ll buy one soon.

4. We’ll leave a little later.

5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow.

C. 八年级下册英语学过的所有语法总结!

人教版新目标8年级下英语语法重点
Unit
1
Will
people
have
robots?
重点语法:一般将来时态的应用
Unit
2
What
should
I
do?
重点语法:过去将来时态(将来时态的委婉说法)
Unit
3
What
were
you
doing
when
the
UFO
arrived?
重点语法:过去进行时态
Unit
4
He
said
I
was
hard-working.
重点语法:宾语从句
Unit
5
If
you
go
to
the
party,
you'll
have
a
great
time!
重点语法:if
引导的条件状语从句
Unit
6
How
long
have
you
been
collecting
shells?
重点语法:现在完成进行时态
Unit
7
Would
you
mind
turning
down
the
music?
重点语法:mind
[one's]
doing
sth.
介意(某人)做某事
Unit
8
Why
don't
you
get
her
a
scarf?
重点语法:询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事
Unit
9
Have
you
ever
been
to
an
amusement?
重点语法:现在完成时态
Unit
10
It's
a
nice
day,
isn't
it?
重点语法:反意疑问句
http://wenku..com/view/49fd2ffff705cc1755270929.html

D. 初二下册英语语法总结。

初二下册大概就是这么几点....
Mole 1是基本句型
Mole 2是宾语从句
Mole 3是to+v. 与 v.-ing作宾语
Mole 4是if从句(回1)
Mole 5是if从句(2)
Mole 6是直接引语和间接答引语(1)
Mole 7是直接引语和间接引语(2)
Mole 8是状语从句(1)
Mole 9是状语从句(2)
Mole 10是would与状语从句(3)
你把这些到网络上搜一下....再认真看就行了
如果你是外研版的更简单..从第146页看就行了~

E. 初二英语下册语法重点

下册主要就是被动语态啦被动语态的主要用法
一.定义
语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。
■当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的)
■突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语。
The time-table has been changed. 时间表已变动了。(要突出的是“时间”)
These books are written especially for children. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“”这些书)
■为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如:
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 请您在下次会议上作个发言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。
■出于修辞的原因,或是说为了更好地安排句子。如:
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。(因those的定语太长了,若用它作主语,主语与谓语就相距太远而显得句子松散。)

8种常用时态的被动语态

由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。
(1) 一般现在时:am/is/are +过去分词。如:
Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。
(2) 一般过去时:was/were+过去分词。如:
The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。
(3) 现在进行时:am/is/are being +过去分词。如:
The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。
(4) 过去进行时:was/were/being +过去分词。如:
This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。
(5) 一般将来时:will be +过去分词。如:
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。
(6) 过去将来时:would be +过去分词。如:
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。
(7) 现在完成时:have/has been +过去分词。如:
This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。
(8) 过去完在时:had been +过去分词。如:
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时,发现票已卖完了。

F. 八年级下册 英语语法总结(全书)

这里面有些语法点:
http://www.kaoshi.ws/html/2005/0430/199778.html
初二语法复习
1. so+谓语+主语:…也一样. 谓语:be动词/助动词/情态动词

2. so+主语+谓语:的确如此,真的这样.

3. help yourself/yurselves to...请随便吃点...

4. 发现sb做sth : find sb doing sth

5. 不完全同意I don’t really agree.

完全不同意I really don’t agree.

6. 或者..或者...either…or…..就近原则

既不..也不..neither…nor….就近原则

既....又...both…and….谓语用复数

7. 看起来,似乎It seems/seemed that…..

8. 由于...而闻名be famous for….
更详细的语法可以看这里:)
http://www.52en.com/whbm/grammar/index.htm

G. 英语八年级下册 主要语法知识点

直接引语和间接引语
1.直接引语 直接引用别人的原话叫做直接引语,直接引语通常置于引号内(“引用原话”)。
—“What is it all about?”
—“究竟是什么事呢?”
—“Nothing serious, just a storm in a teacup.”
—“没有什么,大惊小怪而已。”
2.间接引语 用自己的话转述别人的意思,或引用自己说过的话,
都叫做间接引语。间接引语多数用宾语从句来表达。
Mary said that she received a sugar report this morning.
玛莉说她今天早上收到了一封情书。
He said that his hands were quite full at that moment.
他说那时他忙得不可开交。

过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。其形式为was /were + V-ing。常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:last night, last Saturday等;或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。
基本用法
1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
如:He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
2. 用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。
如:I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。
【注】一般过去时也有类似用法,但比较而言,用过去进行时显得更客气,更不肯定。
3. 过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。
如:They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。
4. 动词be的过去进行时
动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。
比较:He was friendly. 他很友好。(指过去长期如此)
He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现)
补充:when 的后面加一般过去时,而且动词是不延续性动词。 while 的后面加过去进行时,动词是延续性动词。

特殊用法
1、当句子意思很清楚时,我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时
We listened carefully while the teacher read the text.
老师读课文时,我们都仔细地听着。
2、表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词时,也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。
如:He told me that he was going soon.
他告诉我他很快就要走了。
3、表示故事发生的背景。
It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.
那支医疗小组往前线行进时,天正下着雪。
4、表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。
过去进行时可用来引出一个新的动作,这种用法颇有点儿像镜头转换。
Five minutes later, he stood in the doorway smoking a cigarette.
5分钟后,他已站在门口抽着烟。
5、过去进行时还可和when结构遥相呼应,含有意外之意。
I was walking in the street when someone called me.
我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
6、用来陈述原因或用作借口。
She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.
她昨天去看病了。她患了很严重的心脏病。
7、与always, constantly等词连用,表示感情色彩。
The girl was always changing her mind.
这女孩老是改变主意。

常用的时间状语
this morning, the whole morning, all day ,yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while ,at that time,.just now,a moment ago My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself; It was raining when they left the station;吗 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.

H. 八年级下册英语语法大全

a pair of一双,一对
ask for 请求
ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干
agree with赞同
all year round一年到头,全年
all kinds of各种,各样
all the time一直
argue with与争吵
around the world在世界各地
arrive in/at到达
at least至少
at a meeting在开会
at first首先
as…as possible尽可能
as…as象一样
be able to能够
be angry with 生气
be mad at对感到气愤
be good at擅长于
be careful小心
be allowed被允许
be surprised惊讶
be supposed to被期望/被要求
be interested in对感兴趣
break the rule打破规则
by the way顺便
complain about抱怨
come along出现,发生
come true实现,达到
come in进来
cut in line插队
call sb. up打电话给
do/wash the dishes洗碗
drop litter乱扔垃圾
do well in在方面做得好
enjoy /finish doing sth喜欢/完成某事
end up结束
fall in love with爱上
fall asleep入睡
far from远离
first of all首先
fly to飞向
find out找到
…find it adj. to do sth
keep…down压低声音
keep out不让进入
look for寻找
look smart 看起来精干
look after照顾
look through浏览
let (sb) in让进
let sbget along相处
get over克服
get annoyed生气
get bored厌烦
get an ecation受教育
get on (well) with与相处(好)
get injured受伤
give sb sth/give sth to sb给某人某物
give away赠送
go skating去溜冰
go out of从出去/来
have a fight with与打架/争吵
have a surprise party举行惊讶聚会
have a great/good time玩得愉快
have been to曾到过
hear about/of听说
hundreds of好几百
had better (not) do sth最好做
in a minute一会儿
in 100 years100年后
in good health身体健康
in front of 在前面
in the future 未来,将来
in the front of在前面
in the playground在操场
in/out of style时髦/过时
in silence默默地
in order to目的
in (Russian) style具有俄国风格
in public places在公共场合
It take sb some time to do sth.花费某人时间干某事
the same as与相同
try (not) to do sth尽力(不)干
three quarters四分之三
turn on/off打开/关掉
turn up/down开大/关小
talk to/with与谈话
take care of照顾
take part in参加
take off起飞take away拿走
take place发生
take an interest in对感兴趣
take care (not) to do小心(不)做
thanks for (doing)谢谢(做)
wait in line排队等候
want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干

make sb do sth使某人干
make a living (doing sth)谋生
make money赚钱
make friends with与交友
more than多于
need to do sth 需要干
not…anymore不再
not…until直到为止
not at all一点也不
on (my tenth) birthday在(我十岁)生日
on the phone在通话
on the one/other hand在一(另)方面
open up打开
put out熄灭
pick…up捡起
pass (sth) on (to sb)传递
pay for 付款
part-time job兼职工作
run out of用尽
run away逃跑
rather than胜于
right away立刻,马上
spend…on/(in) doing sth花费
seem to do sth好象干
sleep late睡懒觉
see sb do/doing sth看某人做/在做
start/begin to do/doing sth 开始干某事
adj.(special) enough够(特别
There will be fewer/less…
--What should I do?
--You should do…
--what were you doing when…?
--I was (doing)…when…
While he was (doing)…,a girl called the police.
If you wear jeans to the party, the teachers won’t let you in.
--How long have you been skating?
--I’ve been skating since nine o’clock/for five hours.
Would you mind (not) doing sth?
Could you please (not) do sth?
Why don’t you /not (do sth)?
How/What about sth/doingsth?
do sth 让某人干

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