㈠ 初中英语句子成分例句及详解
1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east (名词) He likes dancing. (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词)
To see is to believe.(不定式) What he needs is a book.(主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
2. 谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.
(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast
3. 表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)
Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词)
His father is in.(副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)
The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)
(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)……
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
(三) 挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
4. 宾语:1)动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如:
I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词)
How many do you need? We need two. (数词)I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
5. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名词)
We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词) I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)
(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
6. 定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词)
We belong to the third world.(数词) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)
I have an idea to do it well.(不定式) You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)
(六) 挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.
② What is your given name?
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
7. 状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。(以下例句按上述顺序排列)
I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
参 考 答 案
(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do
(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C
(三) ① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first
(四) ① his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming
(五) ① to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② to take the boy out of school
③ Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground
(六) ① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs
(七) ① on the face ② Every night ③ when he was eleven ④ fast ⑤ off
(八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 ② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语
③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 ④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语
⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语
㈡ 初中英语中句子成分如何划分
主谓宾,主系表几乎占据全部。你如果还在上初中,找一下英语教材八年级上册后的语法,上面介绍有句子的基本成分,而且还有句子结构,对了,不知道你的课本是哪个版本的?
㈢ 初中英语句子成分划分(高手进)
我个人觉得with应该跟are talking一起做谓语
我的理解是:举个例子 They talk with a policeman 这个句子成分应该跟楼内主给的那个一样,容只不过是时态不一样。这个地方,talk 不能直接接宾语 a policeman,所以后面要加个介词with,所以这么理解的话,实际上也就是动词短语做整个句子的谓语,后面宾语。
㈣ 初中英语句子成分有几种
在明确了主语后,我们再来说谓语。谓语是用来回答、说明、解释主语
“
做什么
”
、
“
是
什么
”
、
“
怎么样
”
等的部分。英语句子中,除少数情况外,谓语必须是动词。而且,除了倒
装等特殊情况外,谓语的位置相对来说是固定的,它总是位于主语的后面。
1. His parents are teachers.
(系动词和表语一起作谓语)
2. We study hard.
(行为动词作谓语)
3. We have finished reading the book.
(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)
4. He can speak English.
(情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)
(三)
、宾语
从语法角度说,及物动词后面要接宾语
(
介词后也有宾语
)
。从意义上来说,宾语是动
作的对象、目标。
宾语是对谓语动词的进一步说明和解释。
1. We often help him.
(代词作宾语)
2. He likes to play basketball.
(不定式作宾语)
3. We enjoy listening to the music.
(动名词短语作宾语)
4. She said
that she felt sick.
(从句做宾语)
The sun gives us light and warmth.
(
us
为间接宾语,
light and warmth
为直接宾语)
1
、间接宾语多指人,直接宾语多指物。可以带两个宾语的动词有:
bring, give, show, send,
pass, tell
等。
间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。
2
、如果强调直接宾语,可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面,但间接宾语前须加介词
“to”
或
“for”
。
接
to
的动词有:
give, bring, pass, lend, sell, send, show, tell, write
等。
Give your mother the letter.
=
Give
the letter
to
your mother.
直接宾语
间接宾语
接
for
的动词有:
buy, find, cook, draw, get, sing
等。
Can you find me my bag?
=
Can you find
my bag
for
me?
直接宾语
间接宾语
这正是:人前物后看清楚,换位要加
for
或
to
。
(四)
、宾语补足语
现在一般认为,宾语补足语是对宾语进行进一步的补充说明。宾语补足语主要与英语及物
动词有关。这个问题我想分两点来说明。
1
、英语中有些及物动词,不但会涉及到一个对象
(
宾语
)
,还会使宾语产生一种结果。动词
引发宾语的结果就是宾语补足语。例如:
We call him Little Tom. (
称呼的对象是
him,
称呼的结果是
Little Tom. Little Tom
就是宾语
补足语。
)
They made her happy.
(make
使
her
怎么样了?
happy
作进一步的补充说明,
那么
happy
是补语。
)
I find smoking bad for health. (find
的对象是
smoking,
结论是
bad for health.)
这一类带宾语补足语的动词有:
(1) (
把
…
看成
…) regard, see
;
(2) (
把
…
当成
…) treat, take
;
(3) (
把
…
认为是
…) consider, look up, refer to, accept, acknowledge
;
(4) (
把
…
描述为
…)
describe, use, show, organize, express
等。
2
、英语中表示看、听之类的动词,不仅看到一个人
(
宾语
)
,还会看到他在做什么事。宾语
所做的事也是宾语补足语。例如:
I saw a bird in a cage. (
看到小鸟在笼子里,
“
在笼子里
”
是宾语补足语。
)
We heard her singing a song. (
听到她在唱歌,
“
在唱歌
”
是宾语补足语。
)
这一类带宾语补足语动词有:
see, hear, notice, watch, feel, observe
等。
补充说明:
I'm going to paint it pink.
句子中的
it
显然是宾语。但是主语将要做的并不是
it
,而是
paint it pink
。
pink
是句子
中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,也就是说从逻辑上来讲,是执行了
paint
的动作。
句子中的
pink
是形容词做宾语补足语。能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有:不定
式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,介宾短语等。一般情况下,宾补通常紧跟在宾
语之后。
比如:
I find learning English difficult.(difficult
是形容词做宾补)
I saw the kite up and down.
(
up and down
是副词做宾补)
Tom made the girl cry. (cry
是省略不定式符号
to
的动词不定式)
㈤ 初中英语句子成分划分 谢谢
为您解答
I 主语am 系动词worried形容词表语 about his playing around all day介词短语做形容词宾语
i 主语am系动词回 worried 形容词表语that he plays around all day.形容词的宾答语从句
这个划分只是方法之一,关于形容词后面的宾语从句语法界有争议,有的叫动义形容词宾语,有的看做状语,有的看着主语补足语。
㈥ 初中英语:句子成分
根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
1. 主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首。如:
It’s getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。如:
Mother bought me a VCR. 妈给我买了一台录像机。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于连系动词之后,与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。如:
Be careful! 小心!
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
His job is looking after sheep. 他的任务是看羊。
4. 宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词之后。如:
He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语:用来对宾语进行补充和说明,一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。如:
He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I’ve never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
I found it difficult to refuse him. 我感到很难拒绝他。
6. 定语:对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明,一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当,位置可在所修饰的词之前,也可在所修饰的词之后(详见形容词一章)。如:
It’s an interesting story. 那是一个有趣的故事。
Do you have time to help us? 你有时间帮助我们吗?
Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?
7. 状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等,一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。如:
We like English very much. 我们非常喜欢英语。
Her uncle lives in Canada. 她叔叔住在加拿大。
She was lying in bed reading. 她躺在床上看书。
United we stand, divided we fall. 团结则存,分裂则亡。
8. 同位语:若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物,并且,句法功能也一样,那么,后一项称为前一项的同位语。如:
This is my friend Harry. 这是我的朋友哈利。
We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。
9. 独立成分:与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系,如插入语、感叹语、呼语等,一般用逗号将它与句子隔开。如:
He’s a nice person, to be sure. 肯定他是一个好人。
Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 说也奇怪,考试他竟然通过了。
注:后两种初中不要求掌握
㈦ 初中英语句子成分划分
主谓宾 谓语一般是动词 例如 She likes cat.她 喜欢 猫, 这个她就是主语 喜欢就是谓语 猫就是宾语。 主系表 谓语一般是系动词 系动词就是“是” I am a student. 我是名学生。 这里的am“是”就是系动词 宾语后边可以接宾语补足语 例如 I saw her do her homework.我看见她做作业。这里的做作业就是修饰“她”这个宾语 就叫宾补 这个句子的后面还可以加上状语 状语有很多 例如时间状语 at midnight在半夜 地点状语in the classroom 状语还分方式状语 例如“通过某种方式”by doing this... 定语就是起修饰作用的 例如我要描述花 什么样的花 黄色的花 这里的黄色就是修饰花的 所以黄色就是定语 定语分为放在修饰词前叫前置定语 放在修饰词后叫后置定语 课文你必须读熟了
1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
一般可分为两类:
1),简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。
2),复合谓语:情态动词 不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。
6、状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。