人教版初中英语八种时态语法总结

⑴ 初中英语的八种时态详解

过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时 一般现在时 I)被动语态的概念 语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态People .被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，. (II)被动语态的构成 被动语态的形式是由“助动词be动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称，数，时态和语气的不同而变化。各种时态的被动语态形式如下： 1. 注：Get＋过去分词也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如： the man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。 )被动语态的几种句型 1.将主动语态中的宾语转换成被动语态的主语。 2.将主动语态中的动词改为“be+V(p.p)” 3.原来主动语态中的主语，如果需要，放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现，如没必要，可以省略。 4.主动语态中的其他句子成分不变。 由于主动语态结构的不同，因而转换成被动语态的方式也各有不同，现分类说明如下： a.由及物动词形成的被动语态： (1)S+V+O 主语+动词+宾语语法学习纲要由江苏省靖江高级中学外语组为英语猫网站编写 People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown in the south. 注：带有宾语从句的句子转换成被动语态时，需要将宾语从句变为主语从句，通常用形式主语来代替，而将主语从句后置。 They said that he would come back soon. It was said that he would come back soon.类似的还有： It is reported / believed /hoped /supposed that …… (2)S+V+O+C 主语+动词+宾语+宾补 We elected Li Ming monitor of our class. Li Ming was elected monitor of our class. 注：在主动结构中跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补变为被动结构时应加上to作主语补足语。 奴隶们被奴隶主强迫整日整夜工作。Slave-owners made slaves work all day and all night. Slaves were made to work all day and all night by slave-owners. (3)S+V+Oi+Od 主语+动词+间宾+直宾 语法学习纲要由江苏省靖江高级中学外语组为英语猫网站编写 昨天他给了我一件漂亮的生日卡。He gave me a beautiful birthday card yesterday. I was given a beautiful birthday card yesterday. A beautiful birthday card was given to me yesterday. 注：用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词。如：to, for, of等，以加强间接宾语的语气。 b.由动词短语形成的被动语态： 一般情况下，只有及物动词才能跟宾语，而不及物动词不能跟宾语，所以只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词则没有被动语态。但有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后，变成一个动词短语，相当于一个及物动词，就可以形成被动语态。 约翰打开了收音机。John turned on the radio. The radio was turned on. . 注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。 c.祈使句的被动语态通常借助let句式 请把窗户关上。Please close the window. Let the window be closed. (IV)被动语态的使用时机 语法学习纲要由江苏省中学外语组为英语猫网站编写 被动语态的使用往往不是任意的，而是按照表达思想，描述事物的需要，通常在下列情况下使用被动语态。 1.不知道或不必说出动作的执行者。 这本书已被翻译成许多种语言。This book has been translated into many languages. 2.动作的对象是谈话的中心。 我们家乡将建一条新铁路。A new railway will be built in our hometown. 3.修辞的需要，为了使句子更加简练匀称： 他出现在舞台上受到了观众的热烈欢迎。He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 被动语态便于论述客观事实，故常用于科技文章，新闻报道，书刊介绍及景物描写。 【特别提醒】 有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动结构后要加上“to”。例如 We heard him sing in his room just now. ---He was heard to sing in his room just now. 刚才听到他在房间中唱歌。 一、 被动语态的用法： 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard by my mother. Knives are used for cutting things. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted. 二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态? 把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤： 1. 先找出谓语动词； 2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语； 3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语； 4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。 例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week. 2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far. 4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now. 6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.

⑵ 初中英语的8种时态总结

一l总结： 5时1语名动形副冠介4代数 二f、解释： 6时0语===>3种时态：一h般现在时，一k般过回去时，一g般将来答时，现在进行时， 过去进行时，过去将来时，现在完成时，过去完成时 6种语态：被动语态 名动形副==》名词、动词、形容词、副词冠介8代数==》冠词、介2词、代词、数词 u

⑶ 人教版初中英语八大时态详解

英语的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。
下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述，其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而成的。
一、 一般现在时：
1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month...), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S）
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don＇t,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn＇t，通常还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
6.例句：It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般过去时：
1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词
4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn＇t，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.
I didn＇t know you were so busy.
三、 现在进行时：
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
6.例句：How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 过去进行时：
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构：was/were+doing
4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 现在完成时：
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构：have/has + done
4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句：have或has提前
6.例句：I＇ve written an article.
It has been raining these days.
六、 过去完成时：
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构：had + done.
4.否定形式：had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般将来时：
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.
4.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加won＇t，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 过去将来时：
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构：was/were/going to do；would/should + do.
4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .

⑷ 初中英语八大时态总结。要有例句。说清楚点。

1、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

标志性时间状语：

Always(总是), usually(通常), often(经常), sometimes(有时候), every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays ……

基本结构：当主语是第三人称单数时 当主语不是第三人称单数时；

肯定句 主语+动词单三+其他 肯定句主语+动词原形+其他；

否定句 主语+doesn’t+动词原形+其他 否定句主语+don’t+动词原形+其他；

一般疑问句 Does+主语+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句 Do+主语+动词原形+其他；

肯定回答 Yes，主语+does 肯定回答 Yes，主语+do；

否定回答 No，主语+doesn’t 否定回答 No，主语+don’t；

特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词（when,where,who,how ,etc.）+一般疑问句

例句： I never get up early on Sundays.

2、一般过去时：

概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

标志性时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time……

基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他；

否定形式did+not+do+其他;

一般疑问句did+主语+do+其他？

例句： I went to Italy .I visited museums and sat in public gardens

3、现在进行时：

概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

标志性时间状语：now, at this time(在这一刻), these days……

基本结构：am/is/are+doing；

否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing；

一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

例句：He is practicing his guitar.他正在练习他的吉他。

4、过去进行时：

概念：（1）表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

（2）表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生了。

标志性时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time（在那一刻）或以when、while引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

基本结构：was/were+doing；

否定形式：was/were + not + doing；

一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。

While与when

(1)用while连接（while只接doing）

例:My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.(可以持续动作时态一致)

(2）when表示（when可以接doing或did，when后动作时间长，用doing，时间短，用did）

例：I was doing my homework when my mother came in.(间接表达了具体时间)。

例句： I was having breakfast when the telephone rang。

5、现在完成时：

概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

标志性时间状语：recently, lately, since(自从)…,for（长达）…,in the past few years, etc.

基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)；

①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他；

②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.

③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）？

例句： I have just received a letter from my brother.

6、过去完成时：

概念：以过去某时间为标准，在此前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

标志性时间状语： after，when, as soon as(一...就...), until, before, by the end of（到…为止） last year(term, month…)……

基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)；

①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他；

②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他；

③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他?

肯定回答：Yes,主语+had。

否定回答：No,主语+had not .

例句： The children ran away after they had broken the window.

As soon as the sun had set we returned to our hotel.

I had not understood the problem until he explained it .

7、一般将来时：

概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

标志性时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow……

基本结构：

①am/is/are/going to + do；

②will/shall + do.

否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn’t，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。

例句： I will meet him at the harbour early in the morning.

注：将来进行时will be doing 将来某时刻正在进行。

(用将来进行时提问更加客气，礼貌。能用will be doing 都能换成will do 表达。但语气、含义稍有不同)

例句： Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the workers’ Club.

8、过去将来时：

概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。

标志性时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

基本结构：

①was/were/going to + do；

②would/should + do.

否定形式：

①was/were/not + going to + do;

②would/should + not + do.

一般疑问句：

①was或were放于句首；

②would/should 提到句首。

一般过去将来时常用在间接引语中。

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词（when,where,who,how ,etc.）+一般疑问句。

例句：She said that Mr.Jones would see you now.他说过琼斯先生现在要见你。