㈠ 人教版七年级英语下册重点短语总汇,语法总结。
人教版新目标英语七年级（下）各单元知识概要
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
一、词组
be from= come form 来自...
pen pal=pen friend 笔友
like and dislike 好恶；爱憎
live in….在...居住
speak English 讲英语
play sports 做体育运动
a little French 一些法语
go to the movies 去看电影
an action movie 一部动作片
on weekends 在周末
Excuse me 对不起，打扰
get to 到达、抵达
beginning of 在...开始的时候
at the end of 在...结束的时候
arrive at /
二、句型
（1）、Where主 +be+主语＋from?
主语＋be+from+地点.
（2）、Where do/does+主语＋live?
主语＋live/lives in…
（3）、What language do/does +主语+speak?
主语＋speak/speaks….
（4）、主语＋like/likes+doing…
三、日常交际用语
1－Where is your pen pal from?
－He’s from China.
2－Where does she live?
-－She lives in Tokyo.
3－Does she speak English?
－Yes,she does/No,she dosen’t.
4－Is that your new pen pal?
－Yes,he is /No,he isn’t.
5－What language does she speak?
－She speaks English.
Unit 2 Where’s the post office
一、词组
post office 邮局
pay phone 投币式公用电话
next to 在...隔壁
across from 在...对面
in front of 在...前面
between…and… 在...和...之间
on a street 在街上
in the neighborhood 在附近
on the right/left 在右边／在左边
on one’s right/left 在某人的右边／左边
turn right/left 向右／左转
take a walk 散步
have fun 玩得开心
the way to …去...的路
take a taxi 打的／乘出租车
go down(along)…沿着...走
go through...穿过...
have a good trip 旅途愉快
二、句型
(1)、Is there a bank near here?
Yes,there is .It’s on Centre Street.
No,there isn’t.
(2)、Where’s the sumpermarket?
It’s next to the library.
(3)、Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.
(4)、I hope you have a good trip.
(5)、If you are hungry,you can buy food in the restaurant.
(6)、Talk a walk though the park..
(7)、enjoy后接名词或动词-ing形式.
Do you enoy(=like) your work?
Do you enjoy(=like) living in the city?
三、日常交际用语
(1)、Is there a ….?句型Eg:
-Excuse me.Is there a hotel in the neighborhood.
-Yes, there is. No.there isn’t
(2)、Where is …?句型Eg:
-Where is the park,please?
-It’s behind the bank.(肯定回答)
-I’m sorry I don’t know. (否定回答)
(3)、Which is the way to +地点? 句型.例如：
- Which is the way to the library.
(4)、How can I get to +地点?句型.例如：
-How can I get to the restaurant?
(5)、Can you tell me the way to +地点？句型.例
- Can you tell me the way to the post office?
(6)、Let me tell you the way to my house.
(7)、Just go straight and turn left.
Unit 3 Why do you like koalas?
一、词组
want to do sth .想要做某事
want sb to do sth 想要某做某事
want sth 想要某物
Let sb do sth 让某人做某事
kind of 有几分\种类
a kind of 一种…
…years old …年龄 如：ten years old 十岁
like to do sth 喜欢做某事
like doing sth
play with … 与...一起玩
be quiet 安静
ring the day 在白天
at night 在夜间
have a look at.. 看...
one…the other 一个...另一个...
二、句型
(1)、-why do you like pandas?
-Because they’re very cure.
(2)、-Why dose he like koalas?
-Because they are kind of interesting.
(3)、-Where are lions from?
-Lions are from South Africa.
(4)、-What animals do you like?
-I like elephants.
三、日常交际用语
(1)、-Let’s see the lions.
(2)-Why do you want to see the lions?
-Becase they are very cute.
(3)-Do you like giraffes?
Yes,I do./ No,I don’t
(4)-What other animal do you like?
_I like dogs.too
other+ 名词的复数.表示没有特定的数量范围
the other+名词的复数表示有特定的数量范围.
(5)-Why are you looking at me?
-Because you are very cute.
(6)-Let us play games. –Great!
Let me see.
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一、词组
want to be+职业 想要成为。。。
shop assistant 店员
bank clerk 银行职员
work with 与。。。一起工作
work hard 努力工作
work for 为。。。而工作
work as 作为。。而工作
get.. from…从。。。获得。。。
give sth.to.sb /give.sb.sth 把某物给某人
正确的表示：give it/them to sb.
错误的表示：give sb.it/them
in the day 在白天
at night 在夜间
talk to /with 与…讲话
go out to dinners 外出吃饭
in a hospital 在医院
newspaper reporter 报社记者
movie actor 电影演员
二、句型
(1)-What do/does+某人+do?
例：-What do you do?-I’m a student.
-What dose he do? He’s a teacher.
(2)-What do/does+某人+want to be?
例：What do you want to be?-I want to be a teacher.
-What does she want to be ?She want to be a nuser.
(3)-Where does your sister work?
-She works in a hospital.
(4)-Does he work in the hospiat
Yes.he does/No,he doesn’t
(5)-Does she work late?
-Yes,she does/No.she doesn’t
(6)－英语中询问职业的几种表达方式：
What do/does …do?
What is…? What is your father?
What’s one’s job?例：What’s your father’s job?
Unit 5 I’m watching TV.
一、词组
do homework 做家庭作业
watch TV 看电视
eat dinner 吃饭；就餐
clean the room 打扫房间
read newspaper/a book 看报纸／看书
go to the movies 看电影
write a letter 写信
wait for 等待；等候
talk about 谈论。。。。
play basketball/soccer/ 打篮球／踢足球
take photos 拍照
TV show 电视节目
Some of。。。 。。。中的一些
a photo of my family 我的家庭照
at school 在学校
be with 和。。。一起
in the tree 在树上
二、句型
(1)-What+be+主语+doing? ….正在做什么？
-主语＋be+doing。。。 …正在做某事。
例： －what are you doing?
-I’m doing my homework.
(2)-Thanks for … 为。。。而感谢
例：Thanks for your letter.
(3)-Here are/is…
例：Here are some of my photos.
Here is a photo of my family.
(4)-That sounds good.
(5)-This TV show is boring.
三、日常交际用语
(1)-Do you want to go to the movices? –Sure.
(2)-When do you want to go? –Let’s go at seven.
(3)-Where do people play basketball? –At school.
(4)-What’s he waiting for?-He’s waiting for a bus.
(5)-What’s he reading? He’s reading a newspaper.
1)现在在进行时的形式是：
助动词be(am,is,are)+动词-ing形式（也叫现在分词），表示现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。
2)现在进行时的肯定句形式
主语+be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词+其他
I’m watching TV.
3)现在进行时的否定句形式
主语+be(am,is,are)+not+动词现在分词+其他
They are not playing soccer.
4)现在进行时的一般疑问句形式及回答:
Is(am,are)+主语+动词现在分词+其他?
Yes,主语+is/am/are. No,主语+isn’t/aren’t/am not.
Are you reading? Yes,I am. No,I am not.
5) 现在进行时的特殊疑问句形式:
特殊疑问词+is/am/are+主语+现在分词+其他?
例:What is your brother doing?
6) 动词+ing形式(现在分词)的构成.
1一般情况下在动词词结尾加-ing.
如: eat--eating, do—doing,clean—cleaning,
play—playing,
2以不发音的元音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加-ing.
如:take--taking,write—writing,have-having
come—coming.dance--dancing
3词尾如果是以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词.应该先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing.
如:run—runing,sit—sitting ,swim—swimming.
Shop—shopping.put—putting,sit—sitting
Unit 6 It’s raning!
一、词组
Around The World 世界各地
On vacation 度假
Take photos 拍照
On the beach 在海边
a group of people 一群人
play beach volleyball 打沙滩排球
be surprised 惊讶的
be surprised at sth./sb.对某人或某人感到惊讶
in this heat 在酷暑中
be relaxed 放松
have a good time 玩得很痛快
in different kind of weather 在不同的天气里
Thank sb for(doing)sth由于（做）某事而感谢某人
How’s it going? 近况如何
Some…others…一些…另一些…
Look like..看起来像。。。
二、句型／日常交际用语
(1)-How’s the weather(+地点)? –It’s raining?
(2)-What’s the weather like?—It’s sunny./It’s cold and snowing.
(3)-How’s it going? –Great./Not bad.
(4)Thanks you for joining CCTV’s Around The World show?
(5)-Is Aunt Wang there? –Yes,she is/No,she isn’t
Unit 7 What dose he look like?
一、词组
look like 看起来像....
curly /short/straight/long hair 卷／短／直发
medium height/build 中等高度／身体
a little bit 一点儿…
a pop singer 一位流行歌手
play的用法。
wear glasses 戴眼镜
have a new look 呈现新面貌
go shopping 去购物
the captain of the basketball team 篮球队队长
Nobody knows me 没有人认识我
二、句型
1) --What does he look like?
--He’s really short.He has short hair.
2) --She has beautiful,long black hair.
3) --I don’t think he’s so great .
4) --What do you look like? I’m tall.I’m thin.
5) --What do they look like?-
--They are medium height.
6) --She never stops talking.
--Stop doing(sth)表示停止正在干的事.
如:He stop listening
--stop to do (sth)表示停下来去做某事
如:He stops to listen.
7)I can go shopping and nobody knows me.
Unit 8 I’d like some noodles.
1.词组
would like 想要
a large/medium/small bowl 大碗/中碗/小碗
what size 什么尺寸
orange juice 桔汁
green tea 绿茶
phone number 电话号码
as well as 而且
what kind of 表示….的种类
a kind of 一种…
some kind of 许多种…
a bowl of rice 一碗米饭
a bottle fo orange juice 一瓶桔子汁
three oranges 三个桔子(可数)
a bottle fo orange j 一瓶桔子汁(不可数)
some chicken 一些鸡肉(不可数)
three chickens 三只小鸡(可数)
二\句型
1)What kind of … would you like? 你想要…?
EG:--What kind of noodles would you like?
--Beef and tomato noodles. please.
2)We have lare ,medium,and small bowls.
3)I like mplings,I don’t lkee noodles.
三\日常交际用语
(1)—Can I help you?
--I’d like some noodles.please.
(2)--what kind of noodles would you like?
--I’d like mutton and potato noodles. Please.
( 3)—Would you like a cup fo green tea?
--Yes,please./No,thanks
would like后面还可以跟不定式.即:
A:would like to do.sth.想要做某事.
He would like to see you today.
B:would like sb.to.do.sth.想要某人做某事
What would you like me to do.
Unit 9 How was your weekend?
一、词组
do one’s homework 做某人的家庭作业
如：do my homework 做我的家庭作业
play +运动或棋类
如：play soccer 踢足球 play chess 下棋
play +乐器 如：play the guitar 弹吉他
go to the movies 去看电影
do some reading 阅读
study for the (math) test 准备（数学）考试
stay at home 呆家里
go to summer camp 去夏令营
go to the mountains 去爬山
visit sb 拜访某人
go shopping 去购物
last month 上个月
three days ago 三天前
yesterday 昨天
look for 寻找
go for a walk 散步
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上／在下午／在晚上
play computer games 玩电脑游戏
It was time to do sth 该。。。的时候了
二、句型
（1）I visited my aunt last weekend.
(2)-- How was your weekend?
--It was great./OK
(3)—It was time to go home.
三、日常交际用语
(1)—What did you do last weekend?
--On Saturday morning,I played teenis.
(2)—How was your weekend?
--It was great.I went to the brach.
一般过去时态
一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,动词通常用一般过去式来表示,除动词be的过去式was/were有人称变化,其他都没人称的变化.
过去式的构成
(1) 一般情况下在动词词尾加-ed.如:
stay—stayed help—helped visit-visited
(2) 词尾是e的动词加-d.
如:like—liked live—lived
(3) 以一个元音字母加一个辅音结尾的重读闭章节应双写该辅音字母,再加-ed.如:
stop—stopped plan—planned
(4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,要将y改为i再加-ed.如: study—studied worry—worried
(5) 不规则动词的过去
am/is—was are—were have-had
go—went find—found do—did see-saw
Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?
一、词组
ptetty good 相当好；不错
in the conner 在角落
kind of boring 有点无聊
be lost 迷路
feel happy 感到高兴
be fun 很有趣
on vacation 在度假
Central Park 中央公园
the Great Wall 长城
the Palace Museum 故宫
Tian’an Men Square 天安门广场
二、句型
(1)—Where did you go on vacation?
--I went to the breach.
(2)—How was the weather?
--It was hot and humid.
(3)--It was kind of boring
(4)—That made me feel very happy.
(5)--We had great fun playing in the water.
--have great fun doing sth表示“愉快地做某事”，“做某事很有趣”
(6)I helped him find his father.That made me feel very happy.
help sb.(to)do.sth.帮助某人做某事（to可省）
make sb.do.sth. 使某人做某事
let sb.do.sth.
Let me help you carry(搬动) it.
(7)I found a small boy crying in the conner.
find sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事。
find sb.do.sth.发现某人做某事（整个过程）
Unit 11 What do you think of game shows?
一、词组
talk show 谈话节目
soap opera 肥皂剧
sports show 体育节目
game show 比赛节目
think of 认为
how about… …怎么样？＝what about…
in fact 事实上
a thirteen-year-old boy 一个十三岁的男孩＝ The boy is thirteen years old
talk to(with)… 跟 …谈话
thanks for… 为…感谢
each student 每个学生
key ring 钥匙链
baseball cap 棒球帽
the school magazine 校刊
can’t stand 不能忍受
don’t mind 不介意／无所谓／不在乎
二、句型
(1)—What do you think of situation comedy?
-- I love them
(2)—I asked students about fashion.
(3)—This is what I think.
(4)--I don’t mind what young people think of me!
(5)—Can you please put my letter in next month’s magazine?
三、日常交际用语
(1)—What do you think of suop operas?
--- I love them/I don’t mind them/I can’t stand them/I don’t like.
(2)—How about you? ---I do.too.
(3)--What do you think of …?
--=How do you like…?
如：What do you think of the picture?
=How do you like the picture?
Unit 12 Don’t eat in class.
一、词组
school rules 学校规章制度
break the rules 违反规章制度
in the hallways 在过道
listen to music 听音乐
in the music room 在音乐教室里
in the dining hall 在餐厅
sports shoes 运动鞋
gym class 体育课
after school 放学后
have to do 不得不做
too many 太多
get up 起床
by ten o’clock 十点之前
make dinner 做饭
the children’s palace 少年宫
二、句型
(1)—Don’t arrive late for class.
(2)—We can’t listen to music in the hallways,but we can listen to it outside.
(3)—What else do you have to do?
-- We have to clean the classroom.
(4)--Can we wear hats in school?
--Yes,we can/ No,we can’t.
(5)-Do you have to wear a uniform at school?
-Yes,we do /No,we don’t.
重难点精析
祈使句
通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语you(听话人)通常省略。其构成通常有以下几种形式。
1)Be型（即系动词原型be+表语＋其他）。
如：Be quiet,please.
否定句Don’t + be+表语+其他。
如：Don’t be angry.
2)Do型（即系动词原形＋宾语＋其他）。如：
Open you books,please.
否定句Don’t +实义动词原形+宾语+其他。
如：Don’t eat in the classroom.
3)Let型（即Let+宾语+动词原形+其他）如：
Let me help you.
Let’s go at six o’clock.
否定句一般在宾语后加not。如：
Let’ not watch TV.
4)No+V-ing型（此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中，意为“禁止做某事“）如：
No smoking! 严禁吸烟！
No talking! 不许交谈！
No passing! 禁止通行！
No parking! 不许停车
㈡ 我需要人教版七年级英语下册各单元的所有词组，句型，语法，是我老师要我们收集的，多者得到所有的财富值
句子成分
一 定义
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分在英语的学习过程中有着举足轻重的作用。如果说词汇是砖，那么句子成分就如建筑的框架结构 。掌握好该部分对整个英语的学习起着事半功倍的效果。英语的句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。
（一） 主语：(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme)， 是句子句子主要说明的人或事物。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
1．名词作主语。
The man is a doctor.
那个男的是医生
2．代词用作主语。
He told a joke but it fell flat.
他说了个笑话，但没有引人发笑
3．数词用作主语。
One is enough.
一个就够了。
4．名词化的形容词用作主语。（常见的名词化的形容词the old ,the young , the rich ,the poor 等，一般情况下它们作主语谓语用复数）。
The old are happy .
老人们很幸福。
5．不定式用作主语。
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
[特别提醒]：为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 做形式主语，真正的主语放在句尾。
It is important for us to achieve our dream.
对我们来说 ，实现我们的梦想很重要。
6． 动名词用作主语。
Smoking is bad for you.
吸烟对你有害。
7．从句作主语。
That you are late for class is impolite.
你上课迟到是不礼貌的。
What you said is right .
你说的是对的。
特别提醒:1.that引导主语从句时, that不可省。
2. 在there be 句型中主语位于be之后。
There are 30 boys in the room.
房子里有30个男孩。
(二 )谓语
谓语是说明主语的动作、状态或特征。为方便初学者掌握， 我们按动词的类别来看谓语的组成，一般可分为五类：
1.不及物动词（vi.）作谓语。
The sun rises.
太阳升起来。
This medicine works.
这药有效。
2.及物动词( vt.)作谓语。
We love China.
我们爱中国。
Tom visited the Great Wall last year.
汤母去年参观了长城。
He spent one hour finishing the task.
他花了一小时完成这个任务。
特别提醒:实义动词分为及物和不及物两大类。在词汇表中以vt. ,vi.形式呈现。及物动词后必须跟宾语，不及物动词后则不能。在记忆动词时 ，要用熟悉它们及物与否， 这对以后高中定语从句的学习也很重要。
3.系动词加表语联合作谓语。
He is a boy.
他是个男孩。
I feel happy.
我感幸福。
The food tastes good.
这食物尝起来不错。
注：常见的系表结构有：fall ill, fall asleep , turn red, go bad, go wrong , stay warm, keep quiet,等。一般情况下，系动词后常跟形容词作表语。但be动词不受此限制，具体的表语再述。
4.情态动词加动词原型作谓语。
The little boy can speak English.
这个小男孩能说英语。
5.助动词加动词原型作谓语。
They didn’t solve the problem last night.
他们昨晚没解决这问题。
（ 三）宾语（object）
宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词或及物短语之后，不同的动词后面跟不同的宾语 ，主要可分为简单宾语、 双宾语和复合宾语三类。
I.简单宾语：能作简单宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词 、从句等。
1.名词作宾语。
I love the world.
我爱这世界。
2.代词作宾语。
She always helps me.
她总是帮我。
3.数词作宾语。
We need five.
我需要五个。
4.动词不定式作宾语。
The girl wants to go shopping.
这女孩想购物。
5.动名词作宾语。
The students enjoy singing.
学生们喜欢唱歌。
6.从句作宾语。
I know (that) you are a good kid.
我知道你是个好孩子。
She told me what I should do.
她告诉我应该做的。
II.双宾语：有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语 (direct object)，指物的叫直接宾语(indirect object)。
He gave me some ink.
他给了我一点墨水。
They buy us some books.
他们给我们买了一些书。
I teach them English.
我教他们英语
常见带双宾语的动词有：
第一类：give, lend, bring, send, return, pass, write, show, hand, teach等。
第二类：buy, get, fetch, make, sing, draw等。
间接宾语在句中通常位于直接宾语之前，但有时间接宾语也可以位于直接宾语之后，这时间接宾语前面须加介词to，表示动作对谁做的，或加介词for，表示动作为谁做的。一般来说，第一类动词后的间接宾语可以换为由to引起的短语，第二类动词之后的间接宾语可换为由for引起的短语。
He gave some ink to me. 他给了我一点墨水。
Please made a model ship for her. 请给她做一艘模型船。
〔教你巧学巧记〕
巧记带双宾语的动词
带双宾语的及物动词，如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前，必须在变换时加“to”或“for”。这11个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话，读起来妙趣横生，效果很好。
“七给”一“带”to不少，
“买”“画”“制作”for来了。
说明：“七给”（give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand）和“带”（bring）8个及物动词，在直接宾语前置时，必须在后面加上“to”。即：“vt. ＋sth.＋to＋sb.”
“buy”（买），“draw”（画），“make”（制作）三个动词，在直接宾语前置时，则必须在后。
III. 复合宾语：有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。该部分在补语详述。
I find the water in the river very dirty.
我发现河里的水很脏。
[特别提醒] 为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 做形式宾语，真正的宾语放在句尾。
I find it hard to make ends meet.
我发现我的钱不够花。
（四）表语：表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词之后，说明主语身份、特征、属性或状态。在be动词之后可由名词、代词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语 、从句等充当。在其他系动词之后主要由形容词充当。
1.名词作表语。
I’m a teacher.
我是个老师。
Jim turned teacher.
Jim became a teacher.
吉姆成了医生
特别提醒:turn跟单数的可数名词不用冠词，become后则必须用。
2.代词作表语。
This car is mine.
这车是我的
3.形容词作表语。
The weather is fine today.
今天天气好。
His face turned red.
他的脸变红了。
4.副词作表语。
Nobody is in
没有人在。
5.不定式作表语。
To protect the earth is to protect ourselves.
保护地球就是保护我们自己。
6.介词短语作表语。
I’m in danger.
我在危险中。
7.从句作表语。
The reason why I was late for class is that I miss the first bus.
我上课迟到的原因是我错过了头班车。
She didn’t studied hard, that’s why she failed to pass the exam.
她不努力学习，那是她为何考试失败的原因。
（五） 定语：在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词、代词、数词、动词不定式、v-ing、过去分词、介词短语、从句等。形容词、代词、数词、名词、单个的v-ing作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。
1.形容词作定语。
The new teacher is easygoing.
这位新老师很随和。
2.人称、指示代词作定语。
My friend will come.
我的朋友会来。
This book is mine.
这本书是我的。
3.名词作定语。
The bike shop is around the corner.
自行车在拐角处。
4.数词作定语。
I need five books.
我需要五本书。
5.动词不定式作定语。
The first one to come is Lily.
第一个来的是李里=利。
6.V-ing、V-ing短语作定语。
The reading room attracts many students everyday.
阅览室每天吸引很多学生。
The dog standing in the rain is barking.
站在雨中的狗正在叫。
7.过去分词及过去分词短语作定语。
The fallen leaves look like little boats dancing in the wind.
落叶看起来像小船在风中飘舞。
The girl named Rose often surfs the Internet.
名叫罗思的女孩常常上网。
8.介词短语作定语。
People in trouble are in great need of help.
困境中的人们很需要帮助。
9.从句作定语。
The lady who is in red is my niece.
穿红衣的女孩是我侄女。
（六） 状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词、介词短语、不定式和从句等。
1.副词作状语。
Please listen to me carefully.
请仔细听我讲。
This method is very useful。
这个方法很有用。
2.介词短语作状语。
Smith lived in Paris .
史密斯过去住巴黎。
3.不定式作状语。
To make a living , he works hard.
为了谋生，他努力工作。
4.从句作状语。
When I was a child , I wanted to be a scientist.
当我还是个小孩子， 我想成为一名科学家。
(七)补语：用在有些及物动词的宾语后面补充说明宾语的内容和状态，以求意思完整，宾语和它的补语构成复合宾语。初高中常考的能跟补语的动词有 make、 find、 leave、 keep 等 。
1.名词作补语。
We make him our monitor.
我们让他当班长。
2.形容词作补语。
His success made us happy.
他的成功让我们高兴。
Leave the door open.
3.现在分词作补语。
Don’t keep the water running when you brush your teeth.
当你刷牙时，别让水流着。
4.过去分词作补语。
I found myself surrounded by the bees.
我不知不觉被蜜蜂包围了 。
5. 介词作补语。
They found themselves in a difficult situation.
他们发现他们陷入困境。
6.动词原型作补语。
Let me help you.
让我来帮你。
7.不定式作补语。
You can ask your teacher to give you some advice.
你可以请老师给你一些建议。
〔教你巧学巧记〕
句子成分巧划分
英语简单句共有五种基本句型。成千上万个英语句子都是这五种句型扩大或缩小演变而形成的。英语句子成分的划分方法与汉语大小相同，尤其是谓语部分更复杂。因为英语动词有四大类，而且各类动词的功能也不尽相同。下面我们就划分英语句子成分的方法，利用口诀加实例的形式进行综述：
主在前、谓在中、宾语、状语后面冲①。
短语定语主宾后，形、代定语主宾前②。
间宾直宾紧相依，直、间之间to、for连③。
宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时间前④。
例1. I have English class on Monday.
主语（在句首） 谓语（在句子中间） 宾语 状语（在句子末尾）
上述句子成分的划分用上了第①句口诀，结合上述句子剖析口诀①：
（A）主在前：指主语常位于一个句子的前面（即句首）；
（B）谓在中：指谓语常位于一个句子的中间（尤其指主要谓语动词）；
（C）宾语、状语后面冲：指宾语、状语位于句子的尾部，好像打仗兵、卒在后面冲一样。
例2. Our politics teacher often tells us
（物主代词作）定语 主语 （副词作）状语 谓 （人作）间宾
a story about Comrade LeiFeng On Saturday.
（事物作）直宾（介词短语作后置）定语 状语
上面这个句子成分的划分用上了口诀第②句和第③句，现将这两句口诀解释如下：
（A）短语定语主宾后：指介词短语或其他短语在句子作定语常放在主语或宾语的后面。如上句中的about Comrade LeiFeng作定语就是 story的后面。
（B）形、代定语主宾前：指形容词、代词作定语常位于一个句子的主语或宾语的前面。如上句中的our这个形容词性物主代词就放在politics teacher 前面作定语。
（C）句中our这个形容词性物主代词就放在politics teacher前面作定语。
（D）间宾直宾紧相依：指某些动词后面常接两个宾语（即直接宾语和间接宾语）。在通常情况下，表示人的名词或代词作间宾，表示物的名词或代词作直宾。而且在结构上间宾后面紧接着是直宾，中间不用任何词。如果强调直接宾语，则可以把直宾调到间宾之前。这时，直宾后面要加上介词to或for再接间宾，这就叫“直、间之间to、for连”。如：
例3. He gave some money to me.
主 谓 定 直宾 间宾
ChenHua asked us to watch a volleyball match
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
in the Capital Stadium next Sunday.
地点状语（位于时间状语之前） 时间状语
上述句子成分的划分用上了第④句口诀。现将这句口诀解释如下：
（A）宾补位于宾语后：指宾语的补足语常常位于宾语的后面，如上句中的to watch a volleyball match位于宾语us之后作补足语。
（B）地状常在时状前：指地点状语常常在时间状语的前面，如上句中的in the Capital Stadium就是放在next Sunday之前。
例4. This boy is my brother.
主语 系 + 表语（谓语）
上述句子中含有连系词，“连系动词＋表语”构成谓语，这是一个特定结构。
第二节 句子的类型
一 简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语或（并列谓语）构成的句子。英语的简单句主要有五种类型。
（一）主语+谓语 （S +Vi）
Birds fly.
鸟飞翔。
（二）主语+谓语+宾语(S + V t +O)
We love China.
我们爱中国。
（三）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S + V t + O i + O d )
He gave me a hand yesterday.
他昨天帮了我。
（四）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语(S + V t + O + O c)
The boss asks the girl to go abroad.
老板叫那个女孩出国。
The player made us laugh.
那个演员让我们笑了。
（五）主语+系动词+表语(S+V-link +P)
Ms Xiong is very beautiful.
熊女士很漂亮。
二．并列句:由连词and ,but ,so however, therefore, while 等连接两个或两个以上的的简单句而构成的句子。
He loves English and I loves English, too.
他喜欢英语， 我也喜欢英语。
I know the news ,but I don’t want to tell him.
我知道那个消息， 但是我不想告诉他。
He is in trouble now, so you should help him.
他现在陷入困境了， 你应该帮助他。
[特别提醒]
在用英语表达时，句与句之间必须有恰当的关联词。不能让两个句子孤零零的放在那里。
对：Lily always works hard, so she win the first place every term.
错：Lily always works hard, she win the first place every term.
三 复合句:含有从句的句子就叫复合句。由从属连词引出的句子是从句，与从句相对的是主句。根据从句在句中的作用，从句可分为名词性从句，
（主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句），形容词从句（定语从句），副词性从句（状语从句）。
What I told you is important.我告诉你的事情很重要。
主语从句
主句
People say that tomorrow is another day.人们都说明天又是新的一天。
宾语从句
主句
That’s why you go.那是为什么你离开。
表语从句
主句
The news that he is a king is still unknown to everyone here.
同位语从句
这儿的每个人都不知道他是个国王的事情。
主句
God helps those who help themselves. 天助者自助之。
定语从句
主句
Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.
原因状语从句 主句
因为他病了 ，所以他没有去上学。
四 并列复合句:并列句中含有从句的句子。
I know the news that his father was fired ,but I don’t want to tell him.
我知道他父亲被炒的事情，但我不想告诉他。
第三节 句子的种类
一．陈述句 说明一个事实或者陈述说话人的看法通常用降调，句末用句号。英语的句号是一个点“.”陈述句分为肯定句和否定句两种。
肯定句 We can go there.
我们能去那儿。
否定句 we can’t go there.
我们不能去那儿。
二． 疑问句
1. 一般疑问句 以be, have,情态动词或助动词开始，通常要求用yes或no回答，有时也可用certainly , perhaps , not at all等回答。 句子通常用升调。
Are you ready?
你准备好了吗？
Do you love dogs?
你爱狗吗？
Have you ever been to Shanghai?
你去过上海吗？
2. 特殊疑问句:以疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what和疑问副词when, where, why, how以及how引出的词组 how many， how long 等开头的句子，不能用yes或no来回答,读降调。
When shall we go?
我们什么时候去？
What do you do?
你干什么工作？
How many people are there in your family?
你家有多少人？
3. 选择疑问句：提出两个（或多个）选项看哪一个是正确的句子，两部分（或多部分）由or连接，or前的部分读升调，or后的部分读降调。Or可连接两个（或多个）表语、宾语、状语、谓语动词或分词，不能用yes或no来回答，语序为一般疑问句。
-- Are you a student or a teacher?
你是老师还是学生？
--I ‘m a teacher.
我是老师。
4.反义疑问句:提出情况或看法，问对方是否同意的句子，一般由两部分组成：“肯定的陈述句，+否定的简略句”或“否定的陈述句+肯定的简略问句”陈述句的部分通常为降调，简略问句的语调有两种：当说话者对称述部分表述怀疑时用升调，当说话者坚信陈述部分是事实时用降调;用yes 或no回答。
--You went to school yesterday ,didn’t you?
你昨天上学去了，对吧？
--Yes, I did./No , I didn’t.
不，我去了 。/对， 我没去。
--It isn’t yours, is it?
他不是你的，是吧？
--Yes, it is ./No, it isn’t.
不，是我的。/是的，不是我的。
[特别提醒]
1． 陈述部分含有no ,hardly, never, little, few等含有否定意义的词时，其后的简略部分不用否定。（不包括带有否定意义的前后缀的词，如dislike ,unfair等）
The boy has few friends, does he?
这个男孩没有朋友，对吧？
Mary dislikes singing, doesn’t she?
玛丽不喜欢唱歌 ，是吗？
2.祈使句的反义疑问句。
Let’s go out to play, shall we?
我们出去玩，好吗？
Let us go fishing, will you ?
去钓鱼，好吗 ？
3.如果主句的谓语是think, suppose, believe, imagine, expect, feel等且
主语为第一称或第二人称时简略问句仅有肯定或否定是与主句相对应，而主语和时态等却要与宾语从句一致：
I don’t think he can come back , can he?
我想他不能回来，是吗？
三． 祈使句:表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召等，谓语动词用原形；祈使句一般都读降调；句末用 “!”或 “.”
Come here, please!
请过来！
Don’t laugh at others.
不要嘲笑他人。
四．感叹句: 表示喜怒哀乐等情绪，句末用感叹号“！”；读降调；多用what或how引起；what用来修饰一个名词；how修饰一个形容词、副词或动词：
What a nice lake it is!
那是一个多美的湖啊！
What fine weather it is!
多好的天气呀！
How clever the kid is!
这个小家伙多聪明哈！
How nice a lake it is!
多美的湖啊！
How well she dances!
她跳得多好！
How he loved his family!
他多么爱他的家！
走 向高考
1. (2007北京卷)You have failed two tests. You’d better start working harder, ____you won’t pass the course.
A.and B. so C. but D. or
答案：D
译：你已经两科挂了，你最好还是开始努力学习，否则你又过不了。 析：or连接的并列从句。
2. (2007北京卷) When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back one the shelf, ____?
A. do you B. don’t you C. will you D. won’t you
答案:C
译：你读完那本书后，别忘了把它放回书架，好吗？
析：祈使句的反义疑问句。
3. (2007湖南卷) Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, _______the way they actually are.
A. as B. or C. but D. and
答案:C
译：事实不是你想像的，也不是它表面的那样的，而是他本来的样子。
析：but连接的并列从句。
练
㈢ 七年级下册英语（人教版）7、8、9模块的语法，句型，重点短语
Unit7 What does he look like?
一．短语
1. look like 看起来像.... 2. curly /short/straight/long hair 卷／短／直发
3. medium height/build 中等高度／身体 4. a little bit 一点儿…
5. a pop singer 一位流行歌手 6 .have a new look 呈现新面貌
7. go shopping (do some shopping) 去购物 8. the captain of the basketball team篮球队队长
9. be popular with sb 为---所喜爱 10. one of --- ---中的一个
11 .stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 12. stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情
13 .tell jokes/ stories 讲笑话/ 讲故事 14. have fun doing sth 愉快地做某事
15. remember ( forget) to do sth 记得（忘记）做某事（没有做的）
16 . remember (forget) doing sth 记得（忘记）做过某事（已做）
二．本单元的重点句：
1.Is that your friend? No, it isn’t. 2. What does she look like?
3. I think I know her. ( I don’t think I know her.) 4. Wang Lin is the captain of the basketball team.
5. She’s a little bit quiet. 6 .Xu Qian loves to tell jokes.
7 .She never stops talking. 8 .She likes reading and playing chess.
9. I don’t think he’s so great. 10. I can go shopping and nobody knows me.
11. Now he has a new look.
三．重难点解析
1. What does/ do +主语 + look like? 询问某人的外貌特征，看上去什么样？
Eg: What does your friend look like?
2. 形容头发时， 可按照先长短，后曲直， 最后说颜色的顺序说。(长形色)
Eg: She has long curly black hair.
3. one of + 名词复数 ，谓语动词要用“单三”形式。
Eg: One of his friends is a worker.
4. 不定代词做主语时， 谓语动词要用“单三”形式。修饰不定代词词，应该放在它的后面．
Eg: I can go shopping and nobody knows me.
5．He is …(通常为形容词，包括身高、体形等)
He has…（通常为形容词修饰的名词，包括头发、五官）
He wears…（穿、戴、留。可以是衣服、帽子、鞋子等，也可以是眼镜、手表、胡须）
6．I don’t think…的用法 表达否定的看法I don’t think she is good-looking.(否定主观态度)
Unit 8 I＇d like some noodles
一． 短语
1．beef and tomato noodles＼noodles with beef and tomato 牛肉西红柿面
chicken and cabbage noodlesmutton and potato noodles
tomato and egg noodlesbeef and carrot noodles
2．would like to do sth \want to do s.th 想要作某事
3．what kind of noodles什么种类的面条 4．what size bowl of noodles什么大小碗型的面
5．a large＼medium\small bowl of noodles 大＼中＼小碗的面
6．ice cream冰淇淋orange juice桔汁green tea绿茶RMB人民币phone number
7． House of Dumplings＼noodles饺子＼面馆Dessert House甜点屋
二．重点句型
1． What kind of vegetables\meat\ drink food would you like?
I’d like …… I’d like chicken and cabbage noodles.
2. What kind of noodles would you like? I’d like beef noodles.
3. What kind of noodles would you like? I’d like chicken and cabbage noodles.
4. What size bowl \plate of noodles would you like?
5. I’d like a large \ medium\ small bowl noodles.
6. What size cake would you like? I would like a small birthday-cake.
三．重难点解析
1．would like 想要 （表示一种委婉的语气）其用法相当于want.
would like + 名词 would like an apple (want an apple)
would like to do sth He would like to play soccer.
----Would you like to see the dolphins? ----Yes, I’d like to.
（1）would 是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，可与人称代词缩写为’d, 与其它情态动词一样可帮助完成疑问句和否定句。（你能举出例子吗？） 我想要些牛肉。 I’d like some beef.
她想去打乒乓球。She would like to play ping-pang. （你能变否定句和疑问句吗？）
（2) Would you like sth.? 是提建议的一种句型，如需用一些，用some而不用any.
肯定回答是： Yes, please./ All right./ Yes./OK. 其否定回答是：No, thanks.
2． What kind of noodles would you like?
kind 在此句中作“种类”讲，a kind of 一种，all kinds of 各种各样的。kind of 有几分
A cat is a kind of animal. There are all kinds of animals in the zoo The cat is kind of smart.
3．Can I help you?你要买什么? 肯定Yes, please . I would like …… 否定No, thanks.
Unit 9 How was your weekend
一．短语
1. play +运动 play soccer play tennis play sports
play the + 乐器 play the guitar play with…和某人＼物玩耍
2．have +三餐 have breakferst \lunch \ supper
3. study for… clean the room visit sb stay at homehave a party talk show
4．go to the beach go to the movies go for a walk go to the mountains
5．go shopping\do some shopping \go to the shop 买东西
6．last weekend＼over the weekend 上周末on weekends 每周末
7．on +某日＋morning\afternoon\evening (或具体的某一天) in + morning\afternoon\evening
in+世纪\年＼月＼季节at +时刻last (next) month＼year\week
8．what about＋n\v-ing\pren=how about ……呢
9. spend the weekend last week 度过上周的周末
10．it’s time to do sth＝it’s time for sth 该做么的时候了 11．look for寻找．．．．．
二，重点句型和语法
1．一般过去时
表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与过去的时间状语连用:
yesterday ,last week(month,year)
（1）系动词be的过去时: am(is) →was, are →were
陈述句：He was at home yesterday.
否定句：He wasn’t at home yesterday.
疑问句：Was he at home yesterday? Yes ,he was./No ,he wasn’t.
（2）行为动词的一般过去时:
陈述句：主语+动词过去式+其它 I go to the movie. →I went to the movie.
否定句：主语+助动词didn’t+动词原形+其 I don’t go to school today. →I didn’t go to school.
一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其它Do you have breakfast? →Did you have breakfast?
Yes,I do./No,I don’t. Yes,I did./No,I didn’t.
（3）规则动词的过去式变化规则
变化规则 例词
一般在词尾加—ed. play→played
以不发音的e结尾的，只加--d. like →liked
love →loved
以辅音字母+y 结尾的，变y为i ,再加—ed. study →studied
carry →carried
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop →stopped
plan →planned
动词不规则变化：
do →did have →had go →went see →saw read →read get →got
give →gave sleep →slept eat →ate write →wrote find_---found
2. what’s the date today? It’s …
3. What was the date yesterday? It was…
What’s the weather like today? It’s …?
4. How was your weekend?
6．What did she do ? She did her homework
7．What did he do last weekend ? He played soccer
8．．It’s time to go home= It’s time for home
㈣ 求七年级下册英语重点短语人教版 新目标
1.Where is your pen pal from?
--He’ from Australia.
=Where does your pen
pal come from?
-- He comes from Japan.
Where are you from?
--I’m from
the United States.
2.Where does she live?
--She lives in Paris.
3.What
language does he speak？
--He speaks French.
4. Where is Toronto?
--It’s in Canada.
Unit 2
1.Is there a bank near here (in the neighborhood)?
--Yes,
there is. It’s on Center Street.
No, there isn’t.
2.Where’s the
supermarket?
--It’s across from the post office.
3.Go straight down New
Street and turn right.
4.Turn left at Bridge Street.
5.There’s a pay phone
on your left.
Unit 3
1.Let’s see the koalas.
--Why do you like
koalas？
--Because they’re very cute.
2.Why does he like
elephants?
--Because they’re kind of interesting.
3.Where’re lions
from?
-- They’re from South Africa.
4.What (other) animals do you like.
--I like dolphins.
Unit4
1.What does she do?/ What’s her job?
/What’s she?
--She
is a doctor/reporter/bank clerk/waiter…
2.What do you do??
–I’m a shop
assistant.
3.Where does she work?
She works in a hospital/TV
station/bank/restaurant.
4.What does she want to be ?
-- She wants to be
a policewoman.
5.Why does he want to be a policewoman?
--Because it’s an
exciting job.
Unit 5
1.What are you doing?—I’m watching TV.
2.What is he/she
doing?—He/She is cleaning.
3.-What are they doing?
-They’re talking on
the phone
4.Is Nancy doing homework?
--No, she isn’t. She’s writing a
letter.
5.-Do you want to go to the movies?
--Yes, I do./Sure./That
sounds good.
6.When do you want to go
--Let’s go at 8:00.
7.Where is he
eating dinner? (现在进行时)
--He’s eating dinner at home.
8.-Where do people
play basketball? (一般现在时)
--They play basketball at school.
Unit 6
1. How’s the weather in Jiaxing?
=What’s the weather like
in Jiaxing?
---It’s sunny and hot. (windy and cool)
2. How’s it
going?
--Pretty good/Great/Not bad/Terrible/Just so-so.
3.What do you do
when it’s raining?
--I stay at home and read a book
4.现在进行时的用法：
5..V-ing 变化规则：
Unit 7
1.short/curly/long/straight hair：短/卷/长/直发
2.medium
height/build：中等高度/身材
3.look like：看起来象
4.the captain of the basketball
team：篮球队队长
5.be a little bit quiet：有点儿少言寡语
6.stop doing sth.：停止做某事
7.like playing chess ：喜欢下棋
8.wear glasses：戴眼镜
9.a pop singer：一个流行歌手
10.a new look：一个新的形象
11.black/brow/blonde hair：黑色/棕色/金黄色的头发
12.last
month:上个月
13.a woman with long black hair:一个有着长长金发的妇女
Unit8
1.What kind of：哪一种
2.would like sth.：想要某东西
3.a
small/medium/large bowl of noodles：
小/中/大碗的面条
4.orange juice： 桔子汁
5.green tea：绿茶
6.a mpling house/House of sumplings:
一家饺子店
7.phone number：电话号码
8.tomato soup：西红柿汤
Unit 9
1.do one’s homework：做家庭作业
2.play soccer：踢足球
3.clean
one’s room：打扫某人的房间
4.go to the beach：去海滩
5.play tennis：打网球
6.go to
the movies：去看电影
7.last weekend：上周末
8.do some reading：阅读
9.practice
English：练习英语
10.study for the match test：为数学考试准备 11.last week ：上周
12.on
Saturday morning ：在星期六的早晨
13.a talk show：一个谈话节目
14.go for a walk：去散步
15.a nice day：晴朗的一天
16.play with：与…一起玩
17.a busy weekend：一个繁忙的周末
18.look for：寻找
19.watch a movie：看电影
20.It’s time to do
sth.：是做某事的时候了
Unit10
1.visit sb.拜访某人<
2.summer camp ：夏令营
3.visit museum：参观博物馆
4.on vacation：度假
5.great weather：好天气
6. all
day/night/year：整天/夜/年
7.have great fun playing：玩得高兴
8.be crowded：拥挤
9.find sb. doing sth.：发现某人正在做某事
10.be lost：迷路
11.help sb.do
sth.：帮助某人做某事
12.make sb. do sth.：使某人做某事
13.be tired：疲倦
14.decide to
do sth.：决定做某事
15.The Great Wall:长城
Unit11
1.talk/game/spors show：谈话/游戏/体育节目
2.soap pera：肥皂剧；连续剧
3.situation comedy/sitcom：情景喜剧
4.don’t mind/like：不介意/喜欢
5.can’t
stand：不能容忍
6.think of：认为
7.agree with sb.：同意某人意见
8.in
fact：事实上;实际上
9.a thirteen-year-old boy：一个13岁的男孩
10.sports shows：体育节目
11.Animal World：动物世界
12.Tell it like it is!：实话实说
13.Culture
China：中国文化
14.Chinese cooking：中国烹饪
15.key ring：钥匙链
16.ask sb. about
sth：问某人关于某事
17.colorful clothes：颜色鲜艳的衣服
18. English Today:今日英语
19.
Sports News:运动新闻
Unit12
1.be late for class：上课迟到
2.listen to music：听音乐
3.have to ：不得不
4.what else：别的什么
5.sports shoes：运动鞋
6.go out :出去 7.after
school/class：放学/下课以后
8.What's up ?：什么事？
9.school magazine：校刊
10.I
don’t .either.：我也不
11.on school nights：在学生有课的晚上
12.Children’s
Palace：少年宫
13.school/family rules：校/家规
14.make dinner：做饭
15.wear a
uniform:穿制服
16.gym class:体育课
17.enjoy nice words about my looks:喜欢赞美自己的话
18.wash the clothes:洗衣服
㈤ 求人教版初一下册英语词组，语法，重点。
初一下册重点
1. 介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表示"在……中"， "在……内"。
in our class 在我们班上
in the desk 在桌子里
2). on 表示"在……上"。
on the wall 在墙上
3). under表示"在……下"。
under the tree 在树下
4). behind表示"在……后面"。
behind the door 在门后
5). near表示"在……附近"。
near the bed 在床附近
6). at表示"在……处"。：
at home 在家
7). of 表示"……的"。
a map of China 一张中国地图
2. 冠词 a / an / the:
冠词位于限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。a用在以辅音音标开头的词前，如a book; an用在以元音音标开头的字母前，如an apple.
a或an与可数名词单数连用。
This is a cat.
这是一只猫。
He is a teacher.
他是个老师。
the既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat?
戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where's the bag?
------ It's on the desk.
------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀？
------ 我能看见一个书包。
------ 书包在哪呀？
------ 在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.：
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。
②在疑问句和否定句中用any。
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗？
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。
little的用法
a little dog 一只小狗，a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。
*但little还可表示否定意义，意为"少的"，后面跟不可数名词。
There is little time. 几乎没时间了。
⑵ 词组
on the desk 在桌子上
behind the chair 在椅子后
under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中
near the door 在门附近
a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片
look at the picture 看这张图片
the teacher's desk 讲桌
a map of China 一张中国地图
family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下，就坐
this way 这边走
二. 日常用语
1. Come and meet my family.
2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.
3. Glad to meet you.
4. What can you see in the picture?
I can see a clock / some books.
5. Can you see an orange?
Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
6. Where's Shenzhen?
It's near Hong Kong.
7. Let me see.（口语）让我想想看。
see 在这是"明白、懂了"，不可译作"看见"。例如：
8. Please have a seat.
seat表示"座位"，是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐"，也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。
三. 语法
1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式：
（1）. 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如：
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
（2）. 如果复数名词以s结尾，只加"'"。例如：
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
（3）. 如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加"'s"。例如：
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节
（4）. 表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如：
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s"，而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。
（1）. 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 请进。
（2）. 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看书。
Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。
3. There be 的句子结构
There be是一个"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思，
肯定句的形式为：There be + 名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时，be动词为are；当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如：
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
（1）there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式为：There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。
（2）there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗？
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗？
---No, there aren't. 没有。
（3）特殊疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)？"某地有多少人或物？"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。
（4）如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语？
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水？
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物？
㈥ 人教版七年级英语下册单词、短语、语法复习
1. 他轻轻走出教室,因为他惟恐打扰了他人.
He went out of the classroom quietly ____________________________________________.
2. 在下雨，恐怕火车不能准点到了。
It’s raining. ____________________________________________. on time.
3. 今天他早起了一点，这样上学就不会迟到了。
He got up a little earlier so that ____________________________________________.
4. 帮助别人也会给我们自己带来很多快乐。
Helping others ____________________________________________.
5. 大部分青少年喜欢上网。
Most of the teenagers ____________________________________________.
6. 你介意帮我一把吗？盒子太沉了。
____________________________________________.? The box is too heavy.
7. 现在已是春天，天气越来越暖和了。
It’s spring now. The weather ____________________________________________.
8. 我们每天都应该帮父母做家务。
We’re supposed to____________________________________________.
9. 你愿意花时间志愿帮助老人吗？
____________________________________________. help the old?
10. 我喜欢流行歌曲。他们总让我激动。
I like pop songs. They always ____________________________________________.
11. Sam喜欢运动，而Tom喜欢静静地读书。
Sam likes playing sports, ____________________________________________.
12. 我们来踢足球吧。
我有一点累了，我愿意睡一会儿。
--- ____________________________________________.
--- I’m a little tired. ____________________________________________. for a while.
13. 大部分人都喜欢音乐。有的人喜欢可以随之哼唱的音乐,有的人则喜欢可以随之起舞的音乐。
Most people like music. ____________________________________________.they can sing
along with, ____________________________________________.
14. 我刚才听见有人在走廊大声说话。
I ____________________________________________. in the hallways just now.
15. 连续学习三个多小时后，Amy停下来休息。
After____________________________________________. for more than three hours, Amy ____________________________________________.
16. 别爬树了。危险。
____________________________________________.It’s dangerous!
17. 下周日是妈妈的生日了。给她一个让她想不到的礼物如何
Next Sunday is mother’s birthday. ____________________________________________.?
18. 您能给我们一些假期的建议吗？
____________________________________________. for the vacation?
Key:
1. He went out of the classroom quietly because he was afraid of troubling others.
2. It’s raining. I’m afraid that the train can’t arrive on time.
3. He got up a little earlier so that he wouldn’t be late for school today.
4. Helping others brings us a lot of happiness as well.
5. Most of the teenagers enjoy surfing the Internet.
6. Do you mind giving me a hand? The box is too heavy.
7. It’s spring now. The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
8. We’re supposed to help parents do some chores every day.
9. Would you like to volunteer your time to help the old?
10. I like pop songs. They always make me excited.
11. Sam likes playing sports, while Tom enjoys reading quietly.
12. --- Let’s play football.
--- I’m a little tired. I like to sleep for a while.
13. Most people like music. Some like music they can sing along with, others like music they can
dance to.
14. I heard someone talk loudly in the hallways just now.
15. After keeping studying for more than three hours, Amy stopped to have a rest.
16. Stop climbing the tree. It’s dangerous!
17. Next Sunday is mother’s birthday. How about giving her a surprise gift?
18. Could you please give us some suggestions for the vacation?
be afraid of doing sth / that
be famous / late / ready / sorry for
buy / give /show / send / pass / bring / lend / tell sb sth
enjoy / hate / finish / mind / keep / go on doing sth
get + 比较级
help sb (to) do / help sb with
Would you like to …?
keep / make sth + adj.
like to do / like doing
make / let sb (not) do sth
One … the other … / Some … others …
see / hear sb do (doing) sth
stop to do / stop doing
What about / How about …?
Will (Would, Could) you please …?