Ⅰ 多少岁能参加考英语四级
英语四级可以考CFA，cfa考试报考对考生的英语水平无特别要求，不过cfa考试为全英文考回试，cfa考生的英语水平最好答能够正确理解试题及正确表达考生观点的基础之上。
CFA报考条件：
根据CFA特许金融分析师协会的要求，报考不限定专业，如果你对资产管理、投资研究、咨询服务或投行感兴趣，只要符合下列条件就能报名参加CFA考试：
1. 拥有学士学位或相当的专业水准以上，对专业没有任何限制；大学学习年限与全职工作经验合计满四年；如果申请人不具备学士学位，而是具备相当的专业水准，也可被接受为候选人。 4年制本科学历（大四在校生） 3年制大专学历加上1年全职工作经验 2年制大专学历加上2年全职工作经验
2.遵守职业道德规范；
3.完成注册和报名以及支付费用；
4.能够用英语参加考试。
Ⅱ 英语四级作文:世博会在上海举办,作为一个上海人或中国人,该怎么做
Celebrations spread across China when Shanghai, the Oriental Pearl was given the right to host the right to host the 2010 World Expo on December3.
Shanghai won the honor after beating rivals from Russia, Mexio, Poland and South Korea.
Bidding for the Expo shows that China is more confident of playing a more important role on international stage. It is competing for large events and the next one could be the World Cup.
The World Expo is known as the "Olympics of the economic,cultural,scientific and technological fields''. Lt is usually held every 5 years and lates for six months.
Ⅲ 大学英语4级 翻译
经济发复展导致环境严重污制染,大量的空气和水资源被工业废水和意外事故.发电车间在发电的同时,也在产生燃煤和天然气的污染.现在我们在为保护环境而努力.环境保护发实施了.我们实行了众多的工程来清洁我们的河流和湖泊.因此我们有了一个更洁净卫生的环境了.然而我们应该注意到,环境保护对我们来讲仍然是一个需要长期努力的问题,因为大多数环境问题都是源于经济的发展.任何可能导致污染的经济活动,都将不可能马上解决污染的问题.所以在发展经济的同时,我们应该考虑也许会破坏生态平衡的方面,并长期应对经济发展对生态平衡的所带来的威胁.与过去想比,我们现在取得了一些表面的胜利,但展望未来,我们扔需更加努力.
一看就是四级的材料,只有中国人写得出这种东西来.
读起来硬得跟钢筋混凝土一样.
Ⅳ 马上四级考试了，有作文预测吗求助
四级考试最有可能考的功能段落应该是：现象、建议、意义和原因;次之为危害和观点对比。无论考何种形式作文，最简易的处理方式是：有汉语提纲则按照汉语提纲写相应的功能段落，若无汉语提纲则按照话题和内容要求直接写相应的功能表达或自己列出基本提纲再写相应功能表达!图表和图画、书信亦可如此!
图画、话语评论和图表作文可按照相同模式来处理：首段引出话语，图画和图表，并对其内容描述评论;二段写对应现象、意义或危害，尾段写看法和建议并展望!背诵功能表达组合完成作文。
话题1：老年人孤独生活
Part I Writing ( 30 minutes )
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the lonely life of aged people. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Given is a simple but thought-provoking cartoon: an aged grandma sits in front of mirror, looking at "herself" in the mirror and saying to herself, "I feel rather lonely when my son goes to work and my grandson studies in school."
首句功能为：引出图画;之后为图画内容描述，主要是四要素：人/物、动作、文字和环境，写出四要素中的两三点即可。
Obviously, this cartoon can be naturally associated with the significance of children’s accompany for aged parents: if elderly people intend to enjoy happiness, it is advisable for their children to spend more time in parents. In contemporary society, it has become a trend for young people to be busy with their work and study. Meanwhile, an increasing number of youngsters find it difficult to have spare time to accompany lonely parents. However, it is alt children’s accompany that enables aged parents to build up adequate hope, love and enthusiasm for life. As a matter of fact, young people in large numbers have not come to realize the loneliness of aged people.
二段首句：图画联系主题;之后if句为图画简单评论;in contemporary society一句为图画所暗含的社会现象;meanwhile一句为相关人+具体感受;however之后为强调句式，论述意义;尾句是万能总结。
As a youngster, I am convinced that it is of great necessity for us to accompany aged parents, no matter how busy we are. Accordingly, we should ecate, advocate and encourage our friends, classmates and acquaintances tolove, respect and care all elderly people. (196 words)
尾段首句：观点;二句建议;尾句展望未来。
话题2：网络谣言
Part I Writing ( 30 minutes )
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay by commenting on the remark "It is unbelievable for people to believe what they should not believe: Internet rumors." You can cite some examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Given is a simple but thought-provoking remark: "it is unbelievable for people to believe what they should not believe: Internet rumors." Obviously, this saying can be naturally associated with the seriousness of rumors: if we intend to have a positive Internet environment, it is advisable to eliminate/refuse rumors. (51)
In contemporary society, it has become a trend for indivials to surf the Internet for the information they need. Meanwhile, an increasing number of people find it rather difficult to distinguish the true news from rumors. Searching the Internet, we can notice a great many examples like this: false news, ads and pictures. (危害) Then, it is these rumors that lead the public to be cheated, confused and even panic. As a matter of fact, experts in large numbers have come to realize the importance of Internet honesty.
As a regular Internet surfer, I am convinced that it is of great necessity for government to punish rumor makers. Accordingly, we should ecate, advocate and encourage our friends, classmates and acquaintances to refuse making and spreading rumors. Sparing no efforts to do so, we will witness a hopeful and promising future of Internet life.
Ⅳ 这12月份的英语四级作文题目最有可能考什么类型的，最有可能是什么话题。
英语四级考试最有可能考的作文话题是：现象、建议、意义和原因、次之为危害和观点对比。无论考何种形式作文。
最简易的处理方式是：有汉语提纲则按照汉语提纲写相应的功能段落，若无汉语提纲则按照话题和内容要求直接写相应的功能表达或自己列出基本提纲再写相应功能表达，图表和图画、书信亦可如此。
图画、话语评论和图表作文可按照相同模式来处理：首段引出话语，图画和图表，并对其内容描述评论；二段写对应现象、意义或危害，尾段写看法和建议并展望，背诵功能表达组合完成作文。
话题1：老年人孤独生活
Part I Writing ( 30 minutes )
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the lonely life of aged people. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Given is a simple but thought-provoking cartoon: an aged grandma sits in front of mirror, looking at "herself" in the mirror and saying to herself, "I feel rather lonely when my son goes to work and my grandson studies in school."
首句功能为：引出图画;之后为图画内容描述，主要是四要素：人、物、动作、文字和环境，写出四要素中的两三点即可。
Obviously, this cartoon can be naturally associated with the significance of children’s accompany for aged parents: if elderly people intend to enjoy happiness, it is advisable for their children to spend more time in parents. In contemporary society, it has become a trend for young people to be busy with their work and study. Meanwhile, an increasing number of youngsters find it difficult to have spare time to accompany lonely parents. However, it is alt children’s accompany that enables aged parents to build up adequate hope, love and enthusiasm for life. As a matter of fact, young people in large numbers have not come to realize the loneliness of aged people.
二段首句：图画联系主题；之后if句为图画简单评论；in contemporary society一句为图画所暗含的社会现象；meanwhile一句为相关人+具体感受；however之后为强调句式，论述意义；尾句是万能总结。
As a youngster, I am convinced that it is of great necessity for us to accompany aged parents, no matter how busy we are. Accordingly, we should ecate, advocate and encourage our friends, classmates and acquaintances tolove, respect and care all elderly people. (196 words)
尾段首句：观点；二句建议；尾句展望未来。
Ⅵ 英语四级作文万能模板 强烈推荐！！
希望对你有所帮助：段首句常用句式如下：
1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.
4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。
Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.
5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……
People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why?
Ⅶ 如何写好大学英语四级作文
!在此，祝愿大家都顺利通过大学英语四级考试!一、段落发展的几种手段1. 列举法(details)作者运用列举法，是通过列举一系列的论据对topic sentence中摆出的论点进行广泛、全面地陈述或解释，列举的顺序可以按照所列各点内容的相对重要性、时间、空间等进行。Yesterday was one of those awful days for me when everything I did went wrong. First, I didn't hear my alarm clock and arrived late for work. Then, I didn't read my diary properly and forgot to get to an important meeting with my boss. During the coffee break, I dropped my coffee cup and spoilt my new skirt. At lunch time, I left my purse on a bus and lost all the money that was in it. After lunch, my boss was angry because I hadn't gone to the meeting. Then I didn't notice a sign on a door that said "Wet Paint" and so I spoilt my jacket too. When I got home I couldn't get into my flat because I had left my key in my office. So I broke a window to get in-and cut my hand.根据本段主题句中的关键词组everything I did went wrong，作者列举了8点内容，分别由first, then, ring the coffee break, after lunch time等连接词语引出，使得该文条理清楚、脉络分明、内容连贯。常用于列举法的过渡连接词有：for one thing , for another, finally, besides, moreover, one another , still another, first, second, also等。2. 举例法(example)作者通过举出具体事例来阐述、说明主题句的内容，严格地讲，举例法也是列举法的一种，它们的区别在于：列举法侧重罗列事实，所列事实力求全面;而举例法侧重通过举出典型事例来解释作者观点，且事例可多可少。我们来看下面这个用举例法展开的段落。There are many different forms of exercises to suit different tastes. For example, those who enjoy competitive sports may take up ball games. For another example, if they prefer to exercise alone, they can have a run or take a walk in the morning or in the evening. Besides, people can go swimming in the summer and go skating in the winter. In short, no matter what their interests are, people can always find more than one sports that are suitable to them.本段采用了三个事例来说明主题句中的关键词组different forms of exercises，这三个例子分别由连接词for example, for another example 和besides引出，最后由引导的结尾句总结全段内容。举例法中常用的连接词有：for example(instance), one example is, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition等。3. 叙述法(narration)叙述法发展段落主要是按照事物本身的时间或空间的排列顺序，通过对一些特有过渡连接词的使用，有层次分步骤地表达主题句的一种写作手段。用这种方法展开段落，作者能够清楚连贯地交待事物的本末，从而可以使读者可以清晰、完整地理解文章的含义，例如：In the flat opposite, a woman heard the noise outside. When she looked out through the window, she discovered that her neighbour was threatened by someone. She immediately called the police station. In answer to the call, a patrol police car arrived at the scene of the crime quickly. Three policemen went inside the flat at once, and others guarded outside the building to prevent anyone from escaping.这段是按照事物发展的先后顺序，叙述从发现案情、报警、到警察赶到、包围现场的过程。全文脉络清晰，叙述的层次感强，结构紧凑。常用于叙述法中的过渡连接词有：first, an the beginning, to start with, after that, later, then, afterwards, in the end, finally等。4. 对比法或比较法(comparison & contrast)将同类的事物按照某种特定的规则进行比较分析是一种常用的思维方法。通过对比，更容易阐述所述对象之间的异同和优缺点，例如：The heart of an electronic computer lies in its vacuum tubes, or transistors. Its electronic circuits work a thousand times faster than the nicer cells in the human brain. A problem that might take a human being a long time to solve can be solved by a computer in one minute.在这段文字上， 作者为了突出电子计算机运行速度之快，首先将它与人脑进行了比较， "---a thousand times faster than ---" ;而后，又将这一概念具体到了 "a problem"上，通过对比使读者从 "---a long time ---in one minute"上有更加直观的认识。常用于对本法或比较法上的过渡连接词有：than, compared with等。5. 分类法(classification)在阐述某一概念的段落中，常用分类法。通过对概念中所包括的事物进行分门别类，分别加以叙述，使读者有更为清晰的认识，如：Ever since humans have lived on the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists and the people unable to hear or speak have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very vivid and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction. Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in signal flags, Morse code, and picture signs.在该段中为了说明topic sentence中的 "various forms of communication"，作者将其分为oral speech, sign language, body language及other forms of nonlinguistic language，并逐加阐述。采用这种方法的段落并没有标志突出的连接词，所述各项均为平行并列关系，所以没有明显的主次之分。6. 因果分析法(cause and effect )在阐述某一现象的段落中，常采用因果分析法。例如：The role of women in today's society is changing. One reason is that women have begun to assert themselves as independent people through the women's movement. Also, women are aware of the alternatives to staying at home. Another reason is that increasing numbers of women who enter new fields and interests serve as role models for other women. Moreover, men are becoming more conscious of the abilities of women and have begun to view their independence positively.本段中，主题句提出了一种社会现象，推展句则对产生这种现象的原因作出各种解释。 常用于因果分析法的连接词有：because, so, as a result等。7. 定义法(definition)在科普文章的写作中，定义法是必不可少的。通过下定义，可以使读者对该事物有一个更直接的认识。Automation refers to the introction of electronic control and automation operation of proctive machinery. It reces the human factors, mental and physical, in proction, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American instry has been called the "Second Instrial Revolution".这一段文字使我们了解了 "automation" 和 "Second Instrial Revolution" 两个概念，分别由 "refers to" 和"been called" 引出。常出现在定义法中的词语有：refer to , mean, call等。8. 重复法(repetition)句子的一部分反复出现在段落中，这就是重复法。它往往造成一种步步紧逼的气氛，使文章结构紧凑，有感染力。比如：Since that time, which is far enough away from now, I have often thought that few people know what secrecy there is in the young, under terror. I was in mortal terror of the young man who wanted my heart and liver; I was in mortal terror of my interlocutor with the iron leg; I was in mortal terror of myself, from whom an awful promise had been extracted;---该段中反复应用了I was in motal terror of …我经常处于恐怖之中。以上， 我们结合具体文章讨论了展开段落的几种方法。在实际写作中，我们往往不必拘泥于一种写作方法，而是将若干方法穿插在一起，使文章有声有色。二、结尾段我们知道文章的开头很重要，因为好的开头可以吸引读者、抓住读者的注意力。同样，文章的结尾也很重要，好的结尾会使读者对全文的中心思想留下深刻的印象，可以增添文章的效果和说服力，让人深思，回味无穷。确切地说，结尾的作用就是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使读者加深印象;有时也用于展望未来，提出今后方向或令人深思的问题给读者留下回味和思考的余地。但是，如何才能写好英文短文的结尾呢?下面就介绍几种写结尾段最常用的方法：1.重复中心思想 回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到再次肯定和强调的效果。(例1)A sense of humor is really one of the keys to happiness. It gives zest to life to makeit worth living.(例2)With all these benefits, it is no wonder that sports and games have now becomemore popular with people than ever.2.作出结论 文章最后用几句话概括全文内容，并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的观点。(例1)In conclusion, a good teacher-student relationship can be mutual beneficial. The students gain knowledge eagerly and enjoyably, and the teacher gains satisfaction from his job.(例2)On the whole there are more advantages than disadvantages in the use of TV. Yet different people may have different attitude toward TV. But we must realize that television in itself is neither good nor bad. Its value to people and society depends on how we look at it.3.应用引语 用格言、谚语或习语总结全文，既言简意赅又有更强的说服力。(例1) If you have anything to do, try to do it yourself, for that is the safest way topermanent success. Remember the famous saying. "Heaven helps those who help themselves."(例2)If we stick to studies day after day, there is nothing that can't be achieved. As an old saying goes: "Constant dropping of water wears away a stone."4.用反问结尾 虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，具有明显的强调作用，引起读者思考。(例1)Therefore, listening skills must be consciously improved. Since it is such an important means of learning and communication, why should we not develop this ability as far as possible?(例2)So，what can we benefit from wealth if we do not have health?5.提出展望或期望 表示对将来的展望或期待读者投入行动。(例1)I am sure that Chinese will become one of the most important languages in the world in the next century. As China will open further to the outside world the language is sure to be spread world widely.(例2) If everyone has developed good manners, people will form a more harmonious relation. If everyone behaves considerately towards others and social ethics people will live in a better world. With the general mood of society improved, there will be a progress of civilization.以上介绍了几种写结尾段最常用的方法，但到底选择何种方法结尾还得根据文体来决定。平铺直叙的记叙文，往往在故事或事实情节讲完时文章也就自然结束了，而说理性和逻辑性较强的说明文和议论文都应有一个正式的结尾。希望以上介绍的几种方法能对大家写好结尾有所帮助。
Ⅷ 英语四级作文万能句子有哪些
关于段首句的 希望对你有所帮助 呵呵
1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.
4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。
Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.
5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……
People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why?
Ⅸ 09年12月英语四级答案详解
2009年12月大学英语四级考试答案详解
Part Ⅰ Writing
审题谋篇
本次四级作文主题为“绿色校园”，这是一个看似简单普通的话题，写起来却不是那么容易。因为很多考生对于“绿色校园”所表达的内涵感觉比较生僻。假如对“绿色校园”这一主题感到难以把握，考生可以从作文提纲入手进行分析以获取对“绿色校园”这一概念的相关信息。根据作文提示2，可以看出此处的“绿色校园”指的决不仅仅是青青的草地和高大的树木构成的校园绿色风景，也不仅仅指对校园环境的珍视和爱护，而是指一种环境保护的文化氛围和师生具有的环境素养，以及由此带来的和谐的人文环境和社会绩效。在深入理解概念的基础上，考生还应对 “绿色校园”的重要性进行剖析，这时，考生可以从多个角度组织素材，比如从校园的环境问题出发，进而扩展到师生的环境意识对“绿色校园”所产生的长远意义以及为未来环境改善所做的贡献。最后是阐述建设“绿色校园”所要采取的措施。需要注意的就是作文给分的重点在于考生如何用恰当的语言词汇表达自己的思想观点。而不是写得越多，得分就越高。一般分成三个自然段，大概十句话，基本的分布为首段、末段合起来五句或六句，中间段五句或四句，做到结构清楚，重点突出，就可以了。
参考范文
Creating a Green Campus
Recently, with the idea of making and maintaining “a green earth” being the focus of the society, “green campus” has become a more and more popular concept in universities or colleges, which, undoubtedly, will bring us an ever-lasting benefit to both our campus and our society.
The concept of “green campus” does not only mean a green environment but also refers to an environmental sense in people’s mind. Campus plays a crucial role in ecating the young generation and the consciousness of “green campus” will definitely proce a profound effect on students’ various environmental protection activities after their graation. What’s more, the young generation is under the burden of severe environmental pollution and there are many problems waiting for them to solve.
To make “green campus” come true, firstly, it is necessary to work out effective principles for the development of sustainable and recyclable campus. Secondly, it calls for people’s awareness of the serious pollution around us and actual action to rece the waste. Last but not least, it is necessary to strengthen the ties between campus and society, so as to ensure that “green campus” can work smoothly with the co-effort of the whole society.
建设绿色校园
近来，随着建设并保持“绿色地球”的观念成为社会关注的焦点，“绿色校园”也成为校园里流行的话题。这无疑会给我们的校园和社会带来长远的利益。
“绿色校园”不仅仅指绿色的环境，还包括人们头脑中的环境意识。学校在培养年轻一代上起着关键作用，“绿色校园”的意识必定会对学生毕业后的环境保护意识产生长远影响。更为重要的是，年轻一代面临着严重的环境污染，有太多问题等待他们去解决。
为使“绿色校园”成为现实，首先应该制定出可持续发展、可长远发展的有效政策。其次，还需要人们对环境污染的严肃性有正确认识并采取实际行动切实减少污染。最后但同样重要的是，有必要加强学校和社会的联系以便在全社会共同努力下使“绿色校园”顺利实施。
范文点评
范文以“绿色校园”开篇，保证了文章切题。第一段开门见山，强调当今环保理念下构建“绿色校园”的长远意义。第二段，着重讨论“绿色校园”的含义，指出“绿色校园”不仅指校园中的绿化，还指生活在校园中的人们的绿色和环保意识，把校园这个小环境和社会这个大环境结合起来，说理更加深刻。第三段是谈及具体的做法，分一、二、三点进行论述，无疑是使“绿色校园”的理念落在实处。结构完整，首尾呼应，用词准确。关系词的正确使用让句与句之间、段与段之间衔接紧凑，思想表达成熟有深度。
【生动的用词】 maintain保持;concept概念;profound长远的;sustainable可持续的;recyclable可循环的。
【丰富的短语】bring benefit to带来利益;play a crucial role in发挥关键作用;under the burden of在……重负下;come true实现;call for要求。
【多变的句式】
范文中长句、短句、简单句、复杂句交叉使用。不同句型之间的转换，能让阅卷老师更好地了解考生对句子结构的掌握运用，从而获得高分。
避错指导
本次作文在题材上，虽然仍然延续了我们所熟悉校园类话题，但与社会背景有很大关系。刚刚闭幕的哥本哈根世界气候大会使环保减排这个主题成为焦点，在全世界都提倡可持续发展、和谐发展这一背景下的“绿色校园”，同时也是一个社会热点话题，这是我们审题时所必须考虑的。另外开篇时，切忌拖泥带水，应直截了当，使阅卷老师对文章主题一目了然。
除正确审题之外，考生还应注意语言的准确运用，不落俗套。不同句型之间转换时，考生应对句子结构全面掌握，避免句式错误造成扣分。
最后，应尽量避免单词拼写错误。本次作文常见的卷面拼写错误如下表：
正确拼写 词性及词义 错误的拼写
focus n. 焦点 focuse
effect n. 影响 effection /affect
environment n. 环境 envirment/invironment
burden n. 负担 burdon
solve v. 解决 slove
serious a. 严肃的 serous
true a. 真的 ture
society n. 社会 soceity
theory n. 理论 thery
总之，考生在构思和写作过程中要尽可能做到思路完整，恰如其分地选择词汇。毕竟，无错表达才是四级语言表达合格的核心。
能力拓展
【同义词转换】
作文表达除了准确，还要做到句式多变，词汇灵活多样。
1. realize → be aware of 意识到
We’d better be aware of the seriousness of pollution around us. 我们最好意识到周围污染的严峻性。
2. keep → preserve 保持
It is necessary to ecate the students to be conscious of the importance to preserve the environment. 有必要教育学生意识到保护环境的重要性。
3. lead → conct 引导
This will help conct the activities of the college students. 这有助于引导大学生的行为。
【话题备考锦囊】
6. The idea of “a green campus” is beyond a green environment. “绿色校园”绝不仅仅是一个绿色环境。
7. The construction of “a green campus” will greatly stimulate students to take part in various environmental protection activities. 建设“绿色校园”将会极大激励学生参与环境保护。
8. To bring “a green campus” to its full play, effective measures should be taken. 为全面实施“绿色校园”，必须采取有效措施。
9. Campus construction is of vital importance not only to the physical development of students but to their mental health as well. 校园建设不仅对学生的身体发展很重要，而且对他们的心理健康也很重要。
10. There is little doubt that further consideration must be paid to our green campus. 毫无疑问，对于绿色校园应该给与更多的思考。
【话题词汇拓展】
devastation n. 毁坏 disastrous a. 损失惨重的
doom v. 厄运，毁灭 existence n. 存在，生活
healthful a. 健康的 messy a. 肮脏的，凌乱的
participation n. 分享，参与 preserve v. 保存，保护
preventive a. 预防性的 purify v. 澄清，净化
stimulation n. 激励，鼓舞 arouse consciousness 唤起意识
命题风向标
本次作文难度适中，与之前考试中出现的“限塑”主题有千丝万缕的联系。考生要想在本次作文中获取高分，除了审题恰当独到，还要有扎实的语言基础。如本文主题“绿色校园”可以采用多种表达：green campus和environmental-friendly campus;“绿色校园的构建”可以使用create，build up，establish和construct等，以体现考生对词汇多样性的积累。
从关注白色污染到关注博物馆免费开放，再到绿色校园构建，四级作文命题重点在侧重校园类话题的同时开始向与大学生生活有关的话题转移。由此也凸显了对历年真题分析的重要意义。更多地立足真题，总结规律，切实提高自己语言能力，始终是四级作文备考的根本。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
篇章结构
核心词汇
1. aid n. ①帮助，援助 ②助手v. 帮助，援助
【用】financial aid经济援助;merit aid/ Merit-based奖学金;need-based aid助学金或经济资助;foreign aid外援，对外援助;hearing aid助听器;aids and appliances用具，设备【搭】in aid to用来帮助，起……作用;lead one’s aid (to)援助，给予帮助;in aid of作为援助……之用【拓】aidance n. 协助，帮助;aidant a. 帮助的;aided a. 辅助的
2. project v. ①设计 ②发射n. 事业，计划，工程
【用】Project Hope希望工程;project manager项目经理;project plan项目规划;project budget项目预算，工程预算【拓】projection n. 突出，发射;projecting a. 突出的
3. selective a. 选择性的
4. 【用】selective analysis重点分析;selective breeding选择育种，选择性繁殖 【拓】select v. 挑选，选拔a. 精选的;selection n. 选择，挑选，选集
5. package n. 包裹;套装软件，程序包a. 一揽子的
【用】package design包装设计;package agreement一揽子安排，一揽子方案;package holiday(旅行社安排一切的)一揽子旅游;package tour包办旅行(路线、地点、时间和费用等均作统一规定和安排的旅游);package program组装程序【拓】pack n.包装，背包v. 包装，压紧;packaged a. 袋装的;packager n. 打包机
6. ranking a. 头等的;n. 等级，地位
【用】ranking list排名;ranking method等级法，排序法
【拓】rank n. 等级;队列;v. 排列，列队
7. grant v. ①授予 ②承认;n. ①授予物 ②拨款
【用】grant of a patent授予专利权【搭】take…for granted认为……是理所当然; Granted/Granting that即使……(也)【拓】grants n. 补助金，津贴(grant的复数)
8. enrol v. 登记，入学，参军，注册
【搭】enrol in选课，参加【拓】enrollment n. 登记，入伍;enrollee n. 入学者，入伍者
9. eliminate v. 消除，排除
【用】eliminate illiteracy扫盲;eliminate poverty消除贫困;eliminate noise 消除噪声【拓】eliminate 是指把已进入者从中排除;exclude v. 指把想进入者拒之门外
10. qualify v. 使具有资格，证明……合格【用】qualifying examination资格考试，初试;qualifying competition预选赛，资格赛 【搭】qualify as 取得……资格，作为……合适;qualify for有……的资格，合格【拓】qualified a. 有资格的，合格的
11. excel v. 胜过，优于，擅长n. [计算机] 软件名称
【搭】to excel in/at (在某方面)胜过(或超过)别人;to excel in music 擅长音乐
【拓】 excellent a. 极好的，卓越的;excellence n. 优秀，长处
12. submit v. 使服从，提交【用】submit oneself to discipline遵守纪律;submit registration提交登记表，提交注册【搭】submit to 服从;submit…to 将……呈交给【拓】 submission n. 服从，投降
试题详解
1. 【原题译文】随着越来越多的低收入学生追求高等教育，一些学院__。
B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是more and more，low-income students和pursuing higher ecation。由此即可定位到原文第二段，全文的主旨段。
【篇章分析】原文第二段指出：“But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as merit aid, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.”原文中with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population和题干中with more and more low-income students pursuing higher ecation意思一致;原文中re-examining和B选项中revise意思相同。所以答案为B。
2. 【原题译文】位于米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前做了什么?
D【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是大学名称Allegheny College in Meadville和do，由此定位到原文第三段。
【篇章分析】原文第三段指出：“George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and rece the number of recipients (接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.”题目中的D项It cut its merit-based aid help the needy students与原文cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and rece the number of recipients, pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid意思相同，所以答案为D。
3. 【原题译文】有排名意识的大学提供奖学金的主要目的是__。
C【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是rankings-conscious和purpose，由此可定位到原文第七段。
【篇章分析】原文第七段指出：“But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profiles.”原文中的recruit表示“招收”，和答案C中的attract意思相似，所以答案为C。
4. 【原题译文】汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡•英泽相信__。
D【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hanilton，由此可定位到原文第十段。
【篇章分析】原文第十段指出：“to be discounting the price for families that don’t need financial aid doesn’t feel right any more.”原文与D项it’s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition意思相同，所以答案为D。
5. 【原题译文】近年来，奖学金的增长比助学金快得多，是因为__。
B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是merit-based aid和increased，由此即可定位到原文第十二段第二句。
【篇章分析】原文第十二段第二句指出：“typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state’s public institutions.” in a bid to 可以理解为“为了……，力求……”。enroll top students in the state’s public institutions符合原题意思，所以答案为B
6. 【原题译文】依大卫•莱尔德来看，许多私立学院对奖学金的态度是什么?
A【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是David Laird，attitude，private colleges和merit aid，由此即可定位到原文第十四段。
【篇章分析】原文第十四段指出：“David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to rece their merit aid”。原文和答案A项They would like to see it reced意思一致，所以答案为A。
7. 【原题译文】为什么阿勒格尼学院不打算完全取消奖学金?
C【快速解题】本题的题干是Allegheny College和drop merit aid。由此即可定位到原文第十六段。
【篇章分析】原文第十六段指出：“A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don’t qualify for need-based aid, that many have to depend on it.”。原文中depend on和答案C选项中的rely on意思相同，所以答案为C。
8. qualified
【原题译文】每年是否可以继续享受学术奖学金取决于奖学金得主是否继续________。
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是annual renewal，academic，merit scholarships和recipient，由此即可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分。
【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid部分第四句指出：“These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify”。 这些奖学金通常帮助学生交纳学费，只要他们继续符合条件，每年都可以继续享受。原文中的each year在本题中被换成了annual，原文中的renewed在本题中被换成了名词renewal，原文中的continue被转换成了remain，所以本题应该填形容词qualified。
9. recognizes
【原题译文】体育奖学金申请者要求有______其在运动方面有杰出表现的教练或裁判的推荐。
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是athletic和a coach or a referee，由此即可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第三段。
【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第三段：“Recommendation for this scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee (裁判).”本奖学金必须有人推荐，因为杰出的运动表现必须得到教练或裁判的认可。题目把原文的被动结构变成了主动，而a coach or a referee是第三人称单数，所以本题应该填的答案是recognizes。
10. excellence
【原题译文】艺术奖学金要求申请者必须提交能表明其在某一领域______的证明。
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是applicants，artistic merit scholarships，proce evidence和show，由此可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第四段。
【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第四段指出：“Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area”。艺术奖学金要求申请者在一定艺术领域有突出表现。原文中的in a given artistic field和题目中的in a particular artistic field同义，题目中需要填的是动词show的宾语，即一个名词，而原句中对应的excel却是动词词性，需要变成名词形式，所以答案就是excel的名词形式excellence。
全文精译
大学重新审视奖学金的价值
许多大学给予学生经济资助时，最重要的依据仍然是学生良好的评估等级和较高的试卷分数。
但是在未来几年里，预计低收入家庭的学生数占大学生总数的比例越来越大。一些学校正在重新考虑奖学金是否是利用大学宝贵的资金最有效的途径。
例如，华盛顿特区的乔治•华盛顿大学上周公布说将削减约三分之一的奖学金，减少奖学金得主数，而将节省下来的大约250万美元用于助学金。位于宾夕法尼亚州米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前也做出了类似的决定。
纽约克林顿市的哈密尔顿学院说它将逐步淘汰奖学金。该规定不会使现有的奖学金得主失去奖学金，助学金制度将从2008年秋天入学的学生开始实行。
并不是所有的大学都提供奖学金;一般来说，淘汰率越高的学校，越不太可能提供奖学金。例如，哈佛大学和普林斯顿大学慷慨地提供了各种助学金，但是许多不符合助学条件的家庭为了上名牌大学不管付多少钱都愿意。
对于规模较小的地方性学院来说，他们只是努力填满空缺，奖学金只是财政收入的重要来源，因为许多奖学金得主仍需支付比奖学金金额更高的学费，而正是这些学费维持大学的运转。
但是对于有排名意识的学校，奖学金已经成为招收一流学生和改善他们的学术效益的一种主要工具。斯基德莫尔大学的经济学家桑迪•波美说，“他们试图购买学生”。
研究表明奖学金存在一种倾向，即大部分奖学金得主不依靠奖学金仍能支付得起学费。
“展望未来，更迫切需要的助学金投资”，汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡•英泽说。汉密尔顿大学已提供10年的奖学金。在这段时间里，在《美国新闻和世界报导》对最好的文学院的排名中，它从第25名上升到第17名。
奖学金每年帮助了大约75名学生，或大约4%的学生，花费大约为一年1百万美元，“奖学金给我们带来了好处”，英泽说，但“奖学金这种变相优惠学费的做法对不需要经济援助的家庭来说，似乎不妥。”
助学金目前仍是学生接受资助的主要方式，包括国家助学金、联邦助学金和机构助学金。但是，从总体上和大学层面上来看，主要由学校和州提供的奖学金增长速度很快。
一项由美国宾州州立大学教授唐纳德•海勒主持的研究报告表明，在1995-96和2003-04年之间，仅就大学的奖学金而言，增加了212%，而助学金增加了47%。至少有15个州也提供奖学金，通常是为了在公立大学中招收优等生。
但是近年来，越来越多的批评已经迫使大学开始减少这种做法。汉密尔顿和其他大学最近的决策可能是“一种迹象，表明人们开始意识到这种破坏性的竞争”，波美说。波美与他人合作，共同发表了一份《大学报告》，对于大学资助不是建立在需要的基础之上表示担忧。
明尼苏达私立大学委员会主席大卫•莱尔德认为，很多私立学校想减少奖学金，但害怕这样做，会使优秀学生流失到他们的竞争对手那里去。
“没有人可以采取单方面行动，”莱尔德说。他正在探索是否能获得联邦反托拉斯法的豁免，以使会员大学可以讨论如何共同降低奖学金。“这是一个跑得很快的旋转木马，没有大学相信他们能承受摆脱木马束缚的风险。”
一个复杂因素就是，奖学金已经在不符合助学金条件的中产阶级家庭中变得很受欢迎，结果许多家庭都依靠它。并且，随着学费不断增加，奖助学金之间的界限也变得模糊了。
这是阿勒格尼大学并不打算完全取消奖学金的理由之一。
“我们仍然相信对成绩优异者进行奖励的效用，好学生很重视奖学金”， 阿勒格尼大学负责招生的副校长斯科特•弗利达霍夫说。
位于亚特兰大的艾莫利大学以拥有47亿美元的捐赠而自豪。同时该校拟采取新政策。今年，该大学宣布将取消特困生贷款，同时对中产阶级家庭的贷款进行限额，但它将扩大其已有28年历史的奖学金项目。
“是的，我们在玩奖学金游戏，”负责大学本科教育的副院长汤姆兰•卡斯特承认。但这也有它的优势，他说，“事实上，这不仅仅关系到低收入人群，它还关系到无缘问津助学金、普通的美国中产阶级家庭。”
* 关于奖学金制度的几点补充
奖学金是向在某一领域杰出的学生提供的资助，通常是指学术、体育和艺术奖学金。
学术奖学金是以学生在高中阶段的分数，平均成绩和学术表现为基础。它们通常是专门为学，
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