英語寫作中哪些動詞中文沒有

㈠ 英文論文寫作中的語法問題

1. 主語和謂語的單數和復數要一致
英語中名詞有它的單數和復數形式，動詞也有它的單數和復數形式，二者要一致。單數主語(subject)名詞要用動詞(verb)的單數(singular)形式，復數主語名詞要用動詞的復數 (plural)形式。我們寫中文的不太習慣英語的這種寫法，很難做到不假思索地配對，需要特別留心才能不出錯誤，特別是當主語名詞和動詞被分開時。試看下面的例句：
A high percentage of peptides that are made of amino acids are present in the sample.
A high percentage才是真正的主語，而不是鄰近的amino acids, 所以應該用單數形式。
宜改為：A high percentage of peptides that are made of amino acids is present in the sample.
讓事情更復雜的是英語名詞被分為不同的種類，其中的一類叫集合名詞。它既可以當單數用詞也可以當復數用。集合名詞當整體來講時是單數，每個成員作為個體時用復數。
2、修飾語同主語名詞關繫上要一致
當用動名詞、分詞短句和不定式短句作修飾語時，修飾語中的動詞要同主句中的主語名詞關繫上要一致。
科技雜志論文中有這種語法錯誤的情況較多。嚴格來講這只是種語法錯誤，一般不影響對句子的內容的理解，所以很多作者不太注意。編輯和閱稿人有時也沒有嚴格要求改正。比如下面就是Nature雜志2006年第439卷中的一個例子。
Using the enhancer GAL4/UAS expression system, short-term memory traces of aversive and appetitive olfactory conditioning have been assigned to output synapses of subsets of intrinsic neurons of the mushroom bodies.
1) 動名詞
After finishing the purification, the activity of the isolated compound was then studied.
We or I是動名詞finishing 形式上的主語，同主句的主語activity不一致。
宜改為：After purification was finished, the activity of the isolated compound was then studied.
或：After finishing the purification, we studied the activity of the isolated compound.
Treated with the new drug, the blood cholesterol levels of participants were lowered by an average of 30%.
宜改為：Treated with the new drug, participants showed an average of 30% decrease in their blood cholesterol levels.
2) 分詞短句
The iron concentration was determined using the Fenton reaction method.
The iron concentration同using the Fenton reaction method關繫上不一致。
宜改為：The iron concentration was determined by the Fenton reaction method.
或：We determined the iron concentration using the Fenton reaction method.
When measuring the atmospheric level of carbon dioxide, air samples from a remote place, such as an island, is preferred.
宜改為：When the atmospheric level of carbon dioxide is measured, air samples from a remote place, such as an island, is preferred.
3) 不定式短句
To further investigate the potential role of biking in causing infertility, an expanded population of biking athletes was surveyed.
不定式短語的形式主語是we or I，同主句主語population不一致。
宜改為：To further investigate the potential role of biking in causing infertility, we surveyed an expanded population of biking athletes.
To confirm the diagnosis, blood test was ordered.
宜改為：To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor ordered blood test.
3.主語和主語的行動(謂語)在邏輯上要一致
由於一些中文和英文的表達方式不同，把中文直接翻譯成相應的英文會不講 . 一個經常被引用的語句是「price is cheap 」。中文可以說價格便宜，但英文只能說價格高或低。物品可以說cheap or expensive. 用中文的表達方式來寫英文，會出現主語和主語的行動在邏輯上不一致。在寫一個句子時要注意行動的真正主語名詞是什麼。下面是一些例子：
The highest antibiotic proction was obtained at 48 h.
不是proction而是proction yield.
宜改為：The highest antibiotic proction yield was obtained at 48 h.
The scavenging activity for hydroxyl radicals was based on Fenton reaction.
不是activity而是assay of activity
宜改為：The assay of scavenging activity for hydroxyl radicals was based on Fenton reaction.
The pharmacological compounds of ginseng were identified.
葯物活性化合物應該是：pharmacologically active compounds.
宜改為：The pharmacologically active compounds of ginseng were identified.
4、代名詞和其代理的先行詞要一致
代名詞和其代理的先行詞要在人稱，單數或復數，和性別上一致。一些常見的代詞是：he, his; she, her; it, its (單數); they, their, these, those (復數); that, this (單數). 比如下面的例句中，compounds和their一致，protein和it一致。
Many related compounds were synthesized and their antivirus activities were studied. Growth hormone is a protein. It promotes human body growth.
下面的例句中,the 應該用 their 取代 .
The potential antioxidant capacity of compound A and compound B could be deced from the protective effects against oxidative stresses.
宜改為：The potential antioxidant capacity of compound A and compound B could be deced from their protective effects against oxidative stresses.
用代名詞時，除了要保持一致外，還要避免代理不清的情況出現，以免不清楚它們到底指什麼而引起誤解。
The crude sample was dissolved in water and extracted with organic solvent. It was then evaporated to yield the proct.
It指organic layer還是指water layer？不明確，最好不用it.
宜改為：The crude sample was dissolved in water and extracted with organic solvent. The organic layer was then evaporated to yield the proct.
During meal hormones are released after which blood flow increases in the stomach.
Which既可以代表meal也可以代表hormones, 容易產生誤解 .
宜改為：During meal hormones are released. After their release stomach blood flow increases.
5、位置的強調作用
在英語寫作中，若要強調某件事情，就把它放在句子的前面。中文寫作中，有關句子的條件，時間等的修飾句都是放在前面，而主句總是放在後面。而英文中即可以把條件或修飾句放在前面，也可以放在後面。放在前面就表示你要強調修飾句的條件。比如：
Before the hurricane arrived, most of the people have moved out.
Most of the people have moved out before the hurricane arrived.
在英語中兩種位置關系都可以。前者強調在hurricane來之前，後者強調moved out. 而在中文中，只有一種說法，反過來說「大多數人都離開在hurricane來之前」就不對了。按中文的位置關系直譯成英文，往往會不確切。同樣按英文的位置關系直譯成中文也是怪怪的。我上小學的孩子回家來喊「我要吃冰激凌今天，我沒吃好長時間了」，就是英文「I want ice cream today. I have not eaten it for a long time.」的直接翻譯。
科技寫作中，一般還是把主句先寫出來，除非你想強調修飾的是條件。
Through scavenging free radicals, antioxidants play an important role in protecting against complex diseases.
宜改為：Antioxidants play an important role in protecting against complex diseases through scavenging free radicals.
In microbial fermentation, phosphorus is commonly the major growth-limiting nutrient.
宜改為：Phosphorus is commonly the major growth-limiting nutrient in microbial fermentation.
主動句中事情的執行者(作者)放在前面，有強調事情的執行者(作者)的意思，而不是要研究的事物。被動句強調要研究的事物，這也是為什麼科技論文中被動句用得比較多的原因之一。
We studied their effects on cell growth. 強調We.
Their effects on cell growth were studied. 強調Their effects.
6、修飾詞和被修飾詞要鄰近
科技寫作要求嚴謹，明確。為了嚴格定義一個事物，往往要加上限制性的修飾詞或短句.比如描寫實驗用的mice時，一般不會只說mice，而是用類似「NCI-H23 tumor bearing female athymic nude mice」的描述。前面有5個修飾詞來定義研究用的mice這時一般把最窄的定義寫在最前面，最廣的定義寫在後面.修飾語要靠近同被修飾的對象。因修飾語和被修飾的詞被隔開，而造成意思混亂的情況很多。下面是一些例子。
Inhibition of Acid B on xanthine oxidase was also reported.
Inhibition of 後面應緊跟xanthine oxidase，而不是Acid B, 隔開後句子就很難讀 .
宜改為：Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by Acid B was also reported.
The chelating activities for ferrous ion of the Acid B were assessed.
The chelating activities後面應緊跟Acid B, 而不是ferrous ion.
宜改為：The chelating activities of the Acid B for ferrous ion were assessed.
Recing power represents the electron donating capacity, which may serve as a significant indicator of potential antioxidant activity.

㈡ 英語中哪些動詞是沒有被動語態的

不及物動詞帶有同原賓語的動詞，反身代詞的動詞和系動詞都無被動形式

1）不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態（即多數的瞬間動詞）：

appear, die（死亡）,disappear（消失）, end (vi. 結束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand

break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.

After the fire, very little remained of my house.

比較： rise, fall, happen是不及物動詞；raise, seat是及物動詞。

（錯）The price has been risen.

（對）The price has risen.

（錯）The accident was happened last week.

（對）The accident happened last week.

（錯）The price has raised.

（對）The price has been raised.

（錯）Please seat.

（對）Please be seated.

要想正確地使用被動語態，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學習過程中多留意積累。

2） 不能用於被動語態的及物動詞或動詞短語：

fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish,
cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with,
succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

This key just fits the lock.

3）系動詞無被動語態（「keep」除外）：

appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

It sounds good.

4）帶同源賓語的及物動詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用於被動語態：

die, death, dream, live, life

She dreamed a bad dream last night.

5）當賓語是不定式時，很少用於被動語態。

（對）She likes to swim.

（錯）To swim is liked by her.

㈢ 英語動詞有哪些中英文都要有！急！

。。。英文動詞？？？
你來說說中文動詞有哪些吧！！！
吃，說，聽，做，看，打，碰,這種有上千個吧？！你要哪種？

㈣ 英語中動詞有哪些

1、四類句中功能

分別是：實義動詞（Notional Verb）、系動詞（Link Verb/Copular Verb/Copula）、助動詞（Auxiliary Verb）、情態動詞（Modal Verb）。

說明：有些情況下，有些動詞是兼類詞，例如：

We are having a meeting.我們正在開會。（having是實義動詞。）

He has gone to New York.他已去紐約。

（has是助動詞。）

2、其後帶有多少賓語

分別是：及物動詞（Transitive Verb）、不及物動詞（Intransitive Verb）、雙及物動詞（Ditransitive Verb）、雙重及物動詞（Double Transitive Verb），前兩者縮寫形式分別為vt. 和vi.，後兩者詞典中一般只當做及物動詞，語言學家也用Vg（「Give」型動詞）和Vc（「Consider」型動詞）描述後兩者。

同一動詞有時可用作及物動詞，有時可用作不及物動詞。例如：

She can dance and sing.

她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物動詞。）

She can sing many English songs.

她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物動詞。）

3、根據是否受主語的人稱和數的限制

分別是：限定動詞（Finite Verb）、非限定動詞（Non-finite Verb）例如：

She sings very well.

她唱得很好。（sing受主語she的限制，故用第三人稱單數形式sings。）

She wants to learn English well.

她想學好英語。（to learn不受主語she的限制，沒有詞形變化，是非限定動詞。

說明：英語中共有三種非限定動詞，分別是：動詞不定式（Infinitive）、動名詞（Gerund）、分詞（Participle）。

4、根據語素中詞的個數

分別是：單字詞（One-Word Verb）、短語動詞（Phrasal Verb）、動詞短語（Verbal Phrase）例如：

The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.

英語里有許多短語動詞和動詞短語。（contains是單字動詞。）

Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.

學生們學會查字典。（look up是短語動詞。）

The young ought to take care of the old.

年輕人應照料老人。（take care of是動詞短語。）

5、五種形態

分別是：原形（Original Form）、第三人稱單數形式（Singular Form in Third Personal）、過去式（Past Form）、過去分詞（Past Participle）、現在分詞（Present Participle）。

㈤ 寫作-----漢語中沒有動詞的句子嗎英語中沒有動詞的句子嗎

我不清楚樓主想問什麼？但我只曉得---------無論是漢語還是英語，構成句子的情況就是主謂賓。其中謂就是謂語動詞，如果缺少了，我們叫病句，英語稱之為「語法錯誤」~

㈥ 英語中哪些動詞是沒有被動語態的

1) 不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態：
appear,die disappear,end (vi.結束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand
break out,come true,fall asleep,keep silence,lose heart,take place.
After the fire,very little remained of my house.2) 不能用於被動語態的及物動詞或動詞短語：
fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch agree with,arrive at / in,shake hands with,succeed in,suffer from,happen to,take part in,walk into,belong to 3) 系動詞無被動語態：
appear,be become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn 4) 帶同源賓語的及物動詞,反身代詞,相互代詞,不能用於被動語態：

㈦ 英語中哪些動詞是沒有被動語態的！！！

1) 不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態：
appear, die disappear, end (vi. 結束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house. 2) 不能用於被動語態的及物動詞或動詞短語：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 3) 系動詞無被動語態：
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 4) 帶同源賓語的及物動詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用於被動語態：

㈧ 英語中有哪些動詞是沒有被動語態的呢

只有及物動詞才有被動語態，不及物動詞沒有被動語態。
例1： wash 清洗，是專及物動詞
I washed the dishes last night.
改為被動屬語態： The dishes were washed by me last night.

例2：jump 跳，是不及物動詞
He jumps really high.
這句話就不能改為被動語態。

理解及物動詞和不及物動詞，可以接賓語的動詞就是及物動詞，不能接賓語的動詞為不及物動詞。
比如說：看、聽、吃、喝、駕駛等動詞後均可以接具體的名詞做為這些動作的賓語，所以這些動詞就是及物動詞。
再比如說：跑、跳、游泳等動詞後不能接具體的名詞作為這些動作的賓語，所以這些動詞就是不及物動詞。

㈨ 有沒有英語寫作中動詞名詞化，形容詞名詞化的例子集合

動詞ing 形式就是動名詞 形容詞加the 表示一類人