『壹』 英語寫作方法有哪些
英語寫作方法抄有哪些:
首先,審題,條理清楚
保證不跑提示寫作當中第一任務,第二個重要任務就是要做到條理清楚。對於議論文來說,正反面要清楚,對於說明文來說條理要清楚,對於描述文來說,誰干什麼要清楚。
寫主題句
主題句是確保不跑題的前提,只有不跑題才有可得及格分。寫主題句嘴保險的方法就是把中文提綱的各句譯成英語。
問題闡述
適當用被動替換主動,這樣能更客觀地反映事實。
一句話用不同的句式來表達
為了加強同學們對語法知識在寫作中的靈活應用
盡量復雜作文中的句式
長句採用的特殊語法包括:賓語從句+分詞結構做插入語+分詞作後置定語(issued)+被動語態+原因短語+定語從句。
保證作文符合字數要求的十二句作文法
作文120-150個字,考生一般都希望作文達到字數而又不至於寫得太多,因為寫得太多一方面暴露自己語言上的弱點,另一方面又會佔用過多的時間。寫得太多還易跑題,一個有效的方法就是十二句作文法。
希望對你有幫助
『貳』 什麼是五步法寫作文
第一次寫800字作文,可難壞了孩子,看完這些作文,老師都笑了
語文老師也知道突然增加一倍字數的作文對孩子們來說很難,肯定會有孩子完不成作業。可是第二天收上作業後,看到第一次寫800小作文的孩子們,為了湊字字數使出「十八般武藝」,老師也忍不住笑了。
第一位同學:一眼看上去,卷面非常整齊,字寫得很認真值得表揚。主題也很明確,描述了自己和小朋友打乒乓球的過程,只不過把每一拍都記錄了下來。
第二位同學:上一位同學打乒乓球,這位同學打撲克牌,不過字體有些潦草,書寫有待加強。但是思路更加嚴謹了,每一句話都想好了「走牌路數」。老師看完只有一種感覺,孩子在家沒少玩撲克牌呀!
第三位同學:這位同學書寫很認真,但是滿滿的「哈」字實在太明顯了,老師只能評了一句「湊字數」,恐怕要挨批評了。
第四位同學:這位同學「湊字數」湊得很有技術含量,主題是「爺爺過生日」,然後詳細地記錄了每一位到場的親戚。分類也很明確,哥哥們放在一起、伯伯們放在一起,值得表揚!
看完孩子們的800字作文,別只顧著笑,提高孩子作文水平才是重點
看過了這四位小學生的作文,相信很多家長也跟老師一樣忍不住笑 了,笑過之後還是要回歸到孩子的學習當中,為什麼孩子要「湊字數」呢?
原因無非三個不懂作文、 沒有思路、沒有素材!
寫作文跟看圖寫話不一樣,寫作文更加考驗孩子的整體把控、邏輯思維、素材儲備等。剛升入三年級的孩子閱讀量不達標,根本不知道「作文」是什麼?應該怎麼寫?
如果你的孩子也不會寫作文,可以從以下三個角度引導:
1)彩圖激發閱讀興趣,了解作文
三年級的孩子還處在「玩心重於學習」的階段,普通的作文書密密麻麻的文字會造成孩子反感。而彩繪、文字,根能吸引孩子的閱讀興趣,加深理解能力。
2)認真講解寫作思路,啟蒙創作
孩子們不會寫作文絕大多數是不理解「作文怎麼寫」,家長可以從最簡單的「總分總」結構開始講述寫作思路。
3)海量素材積累總結,提高質量
「素材」是寫作最重要的一部分,豐富的素材能夠充實文章內容,無形中增加了字數,不需要孩子絞盡腦汁地「湊字數」了,比如古代人物、外國名人、歷史事跡等等,積累得越多寫作的時候才能妙筆生花。
『叄』 五步法寫英語作文有什麼好處,用漢語寫一篇八百字左右的心得體會
寫作是聽、說、讀、寫四項語言技能中不可分割的重要組成部分,是語言生成能力的重要表現形式。因此,《普通高中英語課程標准》對八級寫的技能提出了四項具體的要求,1)能寫出連貫且結構完整的短文,敘述事情,表達觀點和態度;2)能根據課文寫摘要;3)能在寫作中做到文體規范,語句通順;4)能根據文字及圖表提供的信息寫短文或報。為了檢查考生是否達到相應級別的寫作技能,測試學生綜合運用英語的能力,看是否能用所學的英語知識和掌握的技能進行思想交流,高考英語試卷中設計了書面表達題。
書面表達題既不屬於專項訓練中的漢譯英,又不同於擴寫、改寫或縮寫,也不同於考生自由發揮的命題作文。這種題型有具體的語言環境,對所要表達的材料的對象、時間、地點、內容、數字均有具體限制,是一種有一定條件的半開放性作文。這種題型的難度就在於他要求考生具有一定的審題能力,閱讀能力,字、詞、句的組織搭配能力。他要求考生根據命題所設計的語言環境和具體內容寫一段完整的英語短文,內容包括日常生活和一般活動。體裁包括記敘文、說明文、議論文。要求做到運用語言靈活,恰當、語意連貫,文理通順,內容完整。
寫作技能的訓練和培養是中學英語教學中的重點和難點,也是高考成功的關鍵點。據調查這一題失分較高,許多考試望題興嘆,無從下手,中等水平的考生雖能寫上幾句,但只能是殘句斷篇,表達無意。高考書面表題失分嚴重的現象,也給中學英語教學帶來了不少的負面影響,學多學生放棄對英語寫作的訓練,致使學了近十年英語也寫不出幾句簡單的話,更不用說完整的英語短文了。如果了解了書面表題的特點,掌握了一定的方法,通過正確的引導和訓練,能夠有效地提高學生的寫作水平。
一、認真審題,明確主旨
審題是答好書面表達題的前提和關鍵。審題的目的在於明確所要表達的內容,主旨以及與此有關系的文體、格式等。通過審題首先要明白題目呈現的形式,是以文字敘述、還是以圖表提供的信息;明白是要求寫信、通知、簡介、報道、尋物、招領、還是日記、便條等,這一步很重要,它決定著考生要組織那一方面的材料,也決定著寫作時語言的選擇。其次,找到文章中要出現的人物,以便確立誰是動作執行者;明白事情發生的地點,以便選用恰當的狀語或定語;了解事情發生的時間,以便確定文章所需要的時態;然後,要搞清事情發生的原因、過程、結果等內在聯系,以便挑選恰當的詞語。另外,還要清楚題目中的外顯條件和內隱條件,搞清除了能直接利用哪些線索進行描述外,還要考生補充和適當發揮哪些內容,以便滿足題目數字的要求以及行文的連貫。要走好第一步首先不要單獨圖快而倉促行事,而要抓住主要內容,即要點。不要脫離試題要求,隨便編造一些與題目內容無關的內容。因此,審題時應利用題目中的文字要求,按表達順序課題直接列出1、2、3、。。。。。等要點。這樣可以避免動筆時離題或遺漏要點。
二、概括要點,處理信息
該題通常以圖示、表格、連環畫、漫畫、文字敘述等形式提供給考生。考生要徹底理解所給圖示、表格、連環畫、漫畫的內容,如數字特點,項目關系,懂得連環畫、漫畫的寓意,明確圖上人物的年齡、職業、活動內容,明確事件發生的時間和地點等。標出連環畫所示的故事發生的起因,發展過程,結果。明白材料要你表達什麼。然後轉化成文字內容,將要點以詞、片語的形式表示出來。這一步是對審題的繼續和發展,又為下一步要點的英語表述打下了基礎,因此,也是十分重要的。
三、選片語句,表達要點
該題雖說不得逐條翻譯,但要點的翻譯也是必要的。在明確體裁,把握好要點之後,用准確的語言簡要地表達出來。這時應作到1)盡量運用六種簡單英語句型結構:主謂狀、主謂賓、主系表、主謂賓+賓、主謂賓+賓補、There be 句型。2)句子易短不易長,結構易簡不易繁;3)不追求華麗的辭藻,不摳字眼;4)充分利用多種表達方式,選擇自己最熟悉,最有把握的詞句;5)遵循英語表達習慣,直譯意譯相結合,避免英語的「漢語味」;6)應注意主謂一致,時態正確,句子結構合理。有的考生認為這一步比較難,實際上,在做好了第一、第二步之後,選片語句的難度已經降低了,稍具基本工的考生經努力是能夠達到這一步要求的。
四、加工整理,連句成篇
詞連成句時,根據文章體裁特點,可選用用並列、遞進、條件、因果、專折等意義的連詞把所有的句子根據行文特點,故事的發展順序,依次連接來,使之成文,使得句與句、段與段之間語意連貫,結構完整。同時在表達正確的基礎之上,搭配詞和句,如介詞短語,現在分詞短語、過去分詞短語的巧妙搭配。句與句之間,如簡單句和復合句、並列句之間的合理搭配。這些都能使得文章主題准確、生動、形象地表達,使文章具有一定的表現力。這一步能有效的體現考生是否具有較高的寫作能力,是否達到課標的八級要求,是否滿足高考選拔優秀人才的需要。
五、查漏補缺,避免錯誤
在連句成篇的基礎之上,從書寫格式、單詞拼寫、詞語的運用、句子時態、動詞語態、標點符號、文章長度、要點完整等方面逐一查找,出現問題時及時補救,使文章更加完美。最後,字跡清楚、書寫規范地抄寫在答題紙上,使文章的整體面目干凈、整潔。
『肆』 英語寫作方法
英語寫作方法六大原則:
1. advanced words (高級詞彙原則)
2. adverbial advanceed (狀語提前原則)
3. phrases preferred (短語優先原則)
4.compound sentence, composite sentence and sentence of special kind (並列句、復合句和特殊句式原則)
5. long and short sentences alternately (長短句交替原則)
6. passages in paragraphs(短文分段分層原則)
高分作文的五大特性
1. sense of order (條理性: 段落完整,層次分明)
2. accuracy (准確性: 語法准確,用詞精當)
3. fluency (流暢性: 層次清晰,行文連貫)
4. conciseness & variety (簡潔、多樣性: 語言簡潔,不重復)
5. ideological content (思想性: 文章立意高,表達個人觀點內容積極向上)
過渡詞的使用
過渡詞是一種關系指引詞,一般由副詞或起副詞作用的短語承擔。此外,代詞、連詞、上下文的近義詞等也可作過渡詞。過渡詞猶如「橋梁」,在文章中發揮著連接上下文的作用,學會恰當地運用過渡詞會使文章結構緊湊,啟、承、轉、合,過渡自然,融會貫通,連成一體。
1、根據意思和作用的不同,過渡詞可以分為以下十六類:
(1)表並列關系的過渡詞:
and, also, as well, as well as, or, too, not only…but also, both … and, either … or, neither…nor等。
(2)表遞進關系的過渡詞:
besides, in addition(加之,除……之外), moreover(此外,而且), what』s more, what』s worse等。
(3)表轉折對比的過渡詞:
but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first… whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand … on the other hand, some…others等。
(4)表原因的過渡詞:
because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, e to(由於), for this reason, owing to, as far as, considering that, seeing that等。
(5)表結果的過渡詞:
so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, thereby, hence, so…that, such…that?, accordingly等。??
(6)表條件的過渡詞:
if, unless, on condition that, as/so long as等。
(7)表時間的過渡詞:
when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on,? eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year / century, after a while, in a few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, form now on, at present, immediately, the moment等。
(8)表特定的順序關系的過渡詞:
first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, first of all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last, afterward(s)(後來), meanwhile(幾乎同時), thereafter(在那以後), last, finally, eventually(終於)等。
(9)表換一種方式表達的過渡詞:
in other words, that is to say, to put it another way等。
(10)表進行舉例說明的過渡詞:
for instance, for example, take … as an example, namely, such as, like, in other words, that is to say, that is等。
(11)表陳述事實的過渡詞:
in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth等。
(12)表強調的過渡詞:
certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, of course, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely等。
(13)表比較、對比的過渡詞:
like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, be similar to, rather than, on the contrary, by contrast, one one hand…, on the other hand, otherwise 等。
(14)表目的的過渡詞:
for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to等。
(15)表總結的過渡詞:
in a word(總之,簡言之), in general, in short(總之), above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, to conclude, at last, in summary, on the whole等。
(16)表增補的過渡詞:in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what』s more, similarly, next, finally 等。
2、文章段落之間的邏輯關系主要由過渡詞來完成,在修辭中稱為啟、承、轉、合。「啟」就是開頭, 「承」是承接,「轉」是轉折,「合」是綜合或總結。
(1) 「啟」。
用於表示「啟」的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落或文章的開頭:
過渡詞: first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to being with, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, at present, lately, currently,
過渡句:It is often said that…,
As the proverb says…,
It goes without saying that…,
It is clear/obvious that…,
Many people often ask …
(2) 「承」。
表示「承」的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落中的第一個擴展句中:
過渡詞: second, similarly, in addition, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what
is worse, for example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular, indeed, still, third, truly, in fact, at the same time, no doubt,
過渡句:It is true that…,
Everybody knows that…,
It can be easily proved that…,
No one can deny that…
The reason why …is that …,
There is no doubt that…,
To take…for an example (instance) …,
We know that…,
What is more serious is that…
(3)「轉」。
用於「轉」的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落中的第二個擴展句中:
過渡詞:but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in any case, at any rate(無論如何), nevertheless(雖然如此), otherwise, or, or else, while, whereas, but, despite, inspite of ..., yet, instead,
過渡句:I do not believe that…,
Perhaps you』ll ask why…
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to…,
Though we are in basic agreement with …, yet differences will be found,
That』s why i feel that…
(4) 「合」。
用於「合」的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落的結論句或文章的結論段中:
過渡詞: in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking,to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, therefore, as a result, above all, thus,after all(畢竟), eventually, hence, in short, in conclusion, in a word, in sum(總之), on the whole(就整體而言), to sum up
過渡句:From this point of view …
On account of this we can find that …
The result is dependent on …
Thus, this is the reason why we must…
長短句結合
(1)句子既要生動,又要簡明扼要。
(2)在寫作中應避免使用相同長度的相同句型,而應注意句式的變化,如長短句結合,簡單句、復雜句和復合句並用,還可以使用簡化句等,一些較復雜的結構如獨立結構,分詞結構等也可以使用。
(3)可以使用一些特殊句式,如強調句、感嘆句、倒裝句等,增強語句的表現力,以增加文章「亮點」。強烈建議:在文章第一段(開頭)用一長一短,且先長後短;在文章主體部分,要先用一個短句解釋主要意思,然後在闡述幾個要點的時候採用先短後長的句群形式,定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝!文章結尾一般用一長一短就可以了。(這是我上初中時英語老師給我的,幫助了我,希望也能幫助你。。)
『伍』 英語寫作中的過程寫作法有哪些
1.(失去生命)die:
dieofillness;
病死
beattodeath;
打死
Hediedplacidly.
他平靜地死去。
Hediedin33B.C.
他死於公元前33年。
Shediedfromacutepneumonia.
她死於急性肺炎。
1.(不顧生命;拚死)tothedeath:
fighttothedeath
死戰
2.(達到極點)extremely;todeath:
beextremelyhappy;
高興死了
beparchedwiththirst;bedyingforadrink;
渴得要死
betiredtodeath;bedog-tired;
累死了
terriblysalty;
死咸
muchtoosweet;
甜死了
adeathlystillness;
死一般寂靜
Oh,I'mdyingoflaughing.
啊,笑死我啦!
3.(不可調和的)implacable;deadly:
swornenemy
死對頭
4.(固定;死板;不活動)fixed;rigid;inflexible:
arigidrule;
死規矩
lifelessdogma;
死教條
Thewindowhasbeennailedfast.
窗戶釘死了。
5.(不能通過)impassable;closed
『陸』 英語寫作考試中outline概括的一般方法有什麼技巧
其實就是總-分的結構。先寫一句提示下文的概括性的話,繼而進行解釋或者介紹: 1.表示原因
1)There are three reasons for this.
2)The reasons for this are as follows.
3)The reason for this is obvious.
4)The reason for this is not far to seek.
5)The reason for this is that...
6)We have good reason to believe that...
例如:
There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly,people』s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly,most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least,more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.
註:如考生寫第一個句子沒有把握,可將其改寫成兩個句子。如:Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this.這樣寫可以避免套用中的表達失誤。
2.表示好處
1)It has the following advantages.
2)It does us a lot of good.
3)It benefits us quite a lot.
4)It is beneficial to us.
5)It is of great benefit to us.
例如:
Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better,and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore,reading extensively is of great benefit to us.
3.表示壞處
1)It has more disadvantages than advantages.
2)It does us much harm.
3)It is harmfulto us.
例如:
However,everything dividesinto two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi- sion.
4.表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能
1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient, possible)for sb.to do sth.
2)We think it necessary to do sth.
3)It plays an important role in our life.
例如:
Computers are now being used everywhere,whether in the government,in schools or in business.Soon, computers will be found in every home,too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.
5.表示措施
1)We should take some effective measures.
2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties.
3)We should do our utmost in doing sth.
4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.
例如:
The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore,we must take some effective measures to solve it.
6.表示變化
1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
2)A great change will certainly be proced in the world』s communications.
3)The computer has brought about many changes in ecation.
例如:
Some changes have taken place in people』s diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays,more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein,and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.
7.表示事實、現狀
1)We cannot ignore the fact that...
2)No one can deny the fact that...
3)There is no denying the fact that...
4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
5)However,that』s not the case.
例如:
We cannot ignore the fact that instrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems, we can start by ecating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.
8.表示比較
1)Compared with A,B...
2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV.
3)There is a striking contrast between them.
例如:
Compared with cars,bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly,they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly,they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least,they contribute to people』s health by giving them e physical exercise.
9.表示數量
1)It has increased(decreased)from...to...
2)The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800,000.
3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January.
例如:
With the improvement of the living standard,the proportion of people』s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on ecation has increased.
再如:
From the graph listed above,itcan be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.
註:「From the graph listed above,it can be seen that」見句式12。考生將句式9和句式12結合在一起,便可較好地寫出2002年6月CET -4、6短文寫作的第一段。
10.表示看法
1)People have(take,adopt,assume)different attitudes towards sth.
2)People have different opinions on this problem.
3)People take different views of(on)the question.
4)Some people believe that...Others argue that...
例如:
People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe that failure leads to success.
Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor.However, others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.
再如:
Do「lucky numbers?really bring good luck?Different people have different views on it.
註:一個段落有時很適宜以問句開始,考生應掌握這一寫作方法。
11.表示結論
1)In short,it can be said that ...
2)It may be briefly summed up as follows.
3)From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that ...
例如:
From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary,however, its method should be improved.
註:例句1可用於任何一個段落的結論句;例句3則多用文章結論段的第一句。
12.套語
1)It』s well known to us that ...
2)As is known to us,...
3)This is a topic that is being widely talked about.
4)From the graph(table,chart)listed above,it can be seen that ...
5)As aproverb says,「Where there is a will,there is a way.?
例如:
As is well known to us,it is important for the students to know the world outside campus.
The reason for this is obvious.Nowadays,the society is changing and developing rapidly,and the campus is no longer an「ivory tower?.As college students,we must get in touch with the world outside the campus.Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graate.
再如:
Does it pay to be honest?This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it.
『柒』 英語作文的寫作方法及技巧
您好!
一般應做到
內容切題:不能走題、偏題
表達清楚:要讓別人知道你想說什麼,不要用你認為能看懂的漢語式英文句子
意義連貫:中英文化差異造成思維方式和文字表述方式的不同,英文表述更注重事實,所以寫英語作文不要過多的進行心理、環境描寫,120個字的作文結構要縝密,理由和例子要簡潔有力,說明問題,不要東拉西扯。
句法多變:為避免文章平淡、呆板,可使用不同的句式:強調句、倒裝句、否定句等等
語言正確:不要犯低級的語法錯誤
英語作文其實不難,如果你的英語底子不好,不太擅長使用比較復雜的語法,詞彙量也比較有限的話。建議用最簡單的句子表達意思,句式越簡單越好,能表達意思就好,一些生辟的單詞如果不會不需要直譯,可以用些片語。能表達意思就好,如果不會用用多了反而容易出錯,平時作業時可以慢慢積累,可以試著用些當作練習,考試時就不必了,原因就不多說了。我覺得要寫好英語作文還是平時多積累些,加上一些練習,比如平時可以多看些英語美文,如果有時間也可以刻意記些,時間長了語感自然就出來了,考試時有可能不知不覺的就閃出了平時的記憶。
多用連接詞!
遞進型:besides
;what's
more
;let
alone解釋型:that
is
(to
say);in
other
words轉折型:however;but;yet;otherwise列舉型:for
example;such
as
;on
the
other
hand因果型:since;therefore;as
a
result並列型:and;or;also;as
well
as總結型:in
a
word
;in
short;
on
the
whole;in
conclusion見解型:in
my
opinion;speaking;as
far
as
I
am
concerned
祝您成功
『捌』 高考英語概要寫作該如何下手
1.題型介紹
◆選材特點
(1)所需閱讀的短文詞數在350以內;
(2)所選材料體裁沒有限制,以說明文、議論文和記敘文為主。
◆評分參考
閱卷時主要考慮以下內容:
(1)對原文要點的理解和呈現情況;
(2)應用語法結構和詞彙的准確性;
(3)上下文的連貫性;
(4)對各要點表達的獨立性情況。
注意:理解准確,涵蓋全部要求,完全使用自己的語言,准確使用相應的語法結構和詞彙,得分相應比較高。相反,如果概要寫作部分出現兩句以上整句抄自原文現象,得分檔次將會大大降低;所寫內容與所提供內容無關不得分。
2考查能力
概要寫作,簡言之就是對所讀過的文章簡要概括,寫出文章的中心大意,也可稱之為摘要。寫概要時,讀者要是把文章的具體信息用一些具有概括功能的詞和句表述出來,而不是抄襲文章的原句,更不是把細節性信息作為中心,而是要通過對文章中的單詞、片語和句子進行合理轉換,對文章的具體信息進行概括,再用合適的語言表述出來。這一題型主要考查學生對文章主旨大意的概括和准確獲取關鍵詞的能力,同時考查學生用簡潔的語言概括文章重要信息的能力以及對文章整體結構的把握能力。因此,概要寫作是基於閱讀理解和書面表達,是二者的有機結合體,是閱讀理解和書面表達的溝通橋梁。
3寫作步驟
1)細讀原文。首先要仔細閱讀短文,掌握文章主旨和結構,明確各段的大意。
2)弄清要求。新高考的概要寫作是寫全文概要,不是寫某一部分的概要,或者就某些問題寫出要點。
3)列出原文要點。分析原文的內容和結構,將內容分項扼要表述並注意在結構上的順序。在此基礎上選出與文章主題密切相關的部分。
4)在寫作時要特別注意下面幾點:
(1)概要應包括原文中的主要事實,略去不必要的細節。
(2)安排好篇幅的比例,概要應同原文保持協調,即用較多的文字寫重要內容,用較少的文字寫次要內容。
(3)注意要點之間的銜接,要用適當的關聯詞語貫通全文,切忌只簡單地寫出一些互不相乾的句子,但也不要每兩句之間都加關聯詞語,以免顯得生硬。
(4)不排斥用原文的某些詞句,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的話語表達,至少對原文句子做一些同義詞替換,如果結構上也能有一些轉換會更好。
(5)計算詞數,看是否符合規定的詞數要求。