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在英語寫作中如何構建完整結構

發布時間:2021-03-14 02:03:11

1. 結構完整的考研英語作文怎麼寫

一、三段成文,段段緊扣主旨

考研英語大作文一般為圖畫作文,可安排為三結構,每個段落都為圖中所表達的中心主旨服務。

1.第一段:考生應根據所給的漫畫的文字敘述內容,提煉漫畫的主題。漫畫的主題來源於漫畫中展現的內容及解釋漫畫的文字敘述。根據要求擬定文章提綱,確定文章結構以及思想。第一段的主要內容為圖畫描述以及全篇文章的中心主旨句。

2.第二段:分兩至三個分論點,文中可以附加例子來對中心論點進行論證和照應。

3.第三段:總結作者獨特觀點,在此深化印章中心論點,並提出建議、建議的原因以及解決措施。

二、段首點睛,寫好中心主旨句

各個段首是做文章最重要的句子,一方面句首一般為段落的中心主旨句,在對圖畫進行整體和細節的描述之後,對整個段落進行總結,提煉出中心主旨句。另一方面,段首是閱卷老師首先看到的句子,閱卷老師的「第一眼」直接決定了考生的作文成績。閃光的段首句可以畫龍點睛,從而提高整體的作文分數。

三、尾句升華,完美展現功底

結尾句與段首句同樣重要,有一個好的結尾總述段落,回扣全文的中心主旨,是一篇文章結構完成與否的重要前提。同樣,段尾句也是閱卷老師落眼的「寶地」,漂亮的結尾是能讓考生英語功底良好的展現出來。要寫好段落結尾句,首先應該做到沒有語病,其次是語言表述夠新穎,最後,做到升華主旨,讓文章完美收官。

2. 高考英語寫作中怎樣使用復雜結構

但如何幫助學生真正理解復雜結構,並從整篇作文的角度來定位好的句子呢?我們很難給復雜結構下個確切的定義,但可從以下幾個方面探討對「復雜結構」的理解。
1. 簡單句也可能成為好句子
(1)恰當的形容詞、副詞——表達意見,情感流露的載體。例如:
It turned into a quarrel. → It turned into a horrible/terrible/fierce quarrel.
雖然只是添加了一個形容詞,但quarrel 的程度、作者的態度和場景的再現更好地表現了出來。又如:
They began to quarrel. → They began to quarrel with each other blindly/furiously.
(2)同位語——精巧完善欲達之意。例如:
Li Jiang, who is Su Hua's classmate, is also to blame. → Li Jiang, Su Hua's classmate, is also to blame.
定語從句固然帶來了復雜結構,但簡潔明了是行文的基本要求,該惜墨處勿潑墨。又如:
The boy went back home and was full of fear. → The boy went back home, full of fear.
形容詞短語full of fear作狀語的表達既簡潔明了,又生動形象。
(3)評注性狀語——娓娓道來,突出了寫作的交際性。例如:
It was Su's fault but Li was also to blame. → To be honest/To be frank, it was Su's fault but Li was also to blame.
評注性狀語是插入語的一種,它與狀語很接近,但它並不修飾謂語或其他詞,而是對整個句子進行解釋或說明,表明說話人的看法或態度,給讀者以娓娓道來之感。又如:
To be short, it is everyone's responsibility to keep the world clean.
(4)非謂語結構——簡潔生動之美。例如:
Sandy struck the USA and caused great damage to the infrastructure. → Sandy struck the USA, causing great damage to the infrastructure.
非謂語結構是豐富句子的有效結構,書面性強,表達更為生動。又如:
After I finished my homework, I often relaxed myself by playing computer games. → Having finished my homework, I often relaxed myself by playing computer games.
(5)被動語態——地道之美。例如:
Some people say this kind of milk contains different levels of nutrients. → This kind of milk is said to contain different levels of nutrients. → It is said that this kind of milk contains different levels of nutrients.
受母語負遷移的影響,學生在表達動作發出者不明確時常用主動語態表達,有中式英語之嫌;而使用被動結構卻能給句子帶來地道英語之美。又如:
People believe that mutual understanding contributes to a permanent friendship. → It is generally believed that mutual understanding contributes to a permanent friendship.
2. 復雜自有其道
(1)復合句——長短之變,節奏之美。例如:
Su Hua and Li Jiang played basketball on the playground. They both jumped up to catch the flying ball. → Su Hua and Li Jiang were playing basketball on the playground when they both jumped up to catch the flying ball.
復合句使用了定語從句、狀語從句,明確了概念的外延,增大了概念的內涵,邏輯性強。再有,長短句結構交替使用後,語句內部抑揚頓挫的節奏感就出來了,從而使文章流暢自然,生動活潑。
(2)倒裝句——強化情感,讓句子結構趨於平衡。例如:
Su said many mean words to Li and shouted at the top of his voice as well. → Not only did Su say many mean words to Li but also shouted at the top of his voice.
倒裝句常帶來承上啟下、平衡結構、強化情感之效。又如:
A man, who is in all black, is standing with a gun in hand in front of her. → Standing in front of her is a man, who is in all black, with a gun in hand.
(3)強調句——為了突出句子中的某一部分常使用強調句,以便能引起他人的注意,更明確地表達自己的意願和情感。例如:
He didn't come back until the clock struck twelve. → It was not until the clock struck twelve that he came back.
(4)省略句——干練,無冗長之嫌。例如:
While they were catching the flying ball, they bumped into each other. → While catching the flying ball, they bumped into each other.
(5)虛擬語氣——極盡感激、遺憾或悔恨之情。例如:
No one put himself in the other's place. They found no fun in the game. → If one of them had put himself in the other's place, they could have found more fun in the game.
另外,虛擬語氣還可以表示說話人的一種願望、假設、懷疑、猜測、建議等含意。書面表達題中常用「假如你是……,你會如何……?」來考查考生的個人認識或解決問題的能力。
前文提到的那位高三學生是一名英語基礎很好的學生,向其呈現了以上探討後,心領神會,修改習作如下:
Conflicts with others are common in everyday life. These conflicts can turn out to be serious problems if we don't deal with them properly.
Last week, Su Hua and Li Jiang were playing basketball on the playground when they both jumped up to catch the flying ball. Unfortunately, they bumped into each other. Su began to say mean words and Li shouted back in response. A terrible quarrel occurred all of a sudden.
How to avoid these quarrels effectively? First, we should often stand in others' shoes when faced with conflicts. Second, stay as cool as a cucumber. Think twice and you may find that things are not so bad as you thought first. What's more, we should be good sports. Competitive sports involve unavoidable bumps or even injuries, which should be taken into consideration when you participate in a game.
三、「復雜結構」的再思量
在高三上學期基本語法學完之後,許多老師會讓學生在寫作中嘗試運用各種復合句或特殊結構。陳幸佩(2011)在《高三英語寫作復習課的有效性——以寧波市第六屆課例評析為例》一文中描述了一位授課教師在寫作技能環節總結的四句口訣:①肯定不如雙否好;②陳述不如倒裝巧;③單句不如復句妙;④從句不如短句傲。但該作者也鮮明地指出此舉容易造成學生刻意或生搬硬套地運用這些復雜句的可能。
那麼,到底應該如何理解復雜語法結構?
在「要點完整,語言無誤,行文連貫,表達清楚」的評分標准指導下,考生往往在書面表達中只用五種基本簡單句來表達,以防出錯,從而導致中學生寫作的層次不高,略顯乏味。「應用了較多的語法結構和詞彙;語法結構或詞彙方面有些許錯誤,但為盡力使用較復雜結構或較高級詞彙所致」的新評分標准有其深刻的背景,它雖能引領師生重視並提升寫作的品質,但卻沒有或不便明確說明內容決定形式、簡單與復雜並存等要素。由此,部分師生誤以為多用結構復雜的句子就會有層次,可以得到高分。事實上,簡單句本身同樣可以發揮其精妙的表情達意之功。有時一個簡單的介詞短語也能增添情感的魅力或激發讀者的共鳴。例如,一位學生習作(談雙休日的利與弊)中有這樣的句子:
With the two-day weekends, we can have more time to chat with our parents. → With the two-day weekends, we can have more time to chat with our parents around the table.
句中的around the table能讓讀者頭腦中浮現出生活的場景,喚起了家庭的溫馨之感。
可見,復雜結構並不僅是復雜的句子結構,它應是根據內容和行文需要,巧妙使用高中所學的詞彙和各種語法知識,長短句結合,恰當、連貫地傳遞信息和表達自己的思想,充分體現寫作的交際本質。

3. 老師,how are you 我需要一篇高考英語作文模塊!真的不知道英語作文應該怎樣結構才能完整

大作文
模板一:圖畫作文
This illustration depicts_________ (圖畫中的人物)Ving, with______________(補充說明). Recently it has become common for people in many walks of life to_____________(進一步闡釋)
It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about _______(圖畫主題), which is ______________(進一步的說明). He seems to be saying that_______________(給出細節). In my opinion, ___________(個人闡述).
This simple picture is a wake up call for ______(所涉群體,如the whole of the human race). Therefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to put an end to _____________(問題所在). One the one hand, we must _________________(建議一). It is clear that the drawer of the illustration is urging us to _________(進一步說明). On the other hand, ________________(建議二) Only in this way can we___________(展望前景).

模板二:圖表作文
The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________(圖表主題). The first thing we notice is that_______________(圖表最大特點). This means that as __________, _________________(進一步說明).
We can see from the statistics given that _______________(圖表細節一). After ving_________(細節一中的第一個變化), the _____Ved+幅度+時間(緊跟著的變化). The figures also tells us that_________________________(圖表細節二). (數據位置,如In the second column), we can see that ____________accounts for _______(進一步描述).
Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that___________(結論). The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that_____________(給出原因). / It is high time that we Ved(發出倡議)

模板三:利弊型作文
Recently the issue of whether or not______(討論話題) has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public. There are two major arguments that can be made for_________. For one thing, __________can bring ____ to_____________(優點一). For another, it is widely hold that people usually ____when ________________________________(優點二).
But we must not lose sight of the fact that there are also drawbacks to__________, among which are ____________(列舉缺點). For instance, it can be __________to _____________(舉例說明). In addition, many people find it ________(形容詞)to _______________(第二個缺點)
When asked to __________, I tend to ____________. This is because I _______________(原因一). Furthermore, _______________________(原因二). Finally, ______________(原因三).

模板四:展望未來型
With the rapid advances of _____________ in recent years, ___has____________(引出現象). However, _______ has________________, as____________(提出問題). As a result, _____has ____________________(指出影響).
The effects ___________ has proced on____________ can be boiled down to two major ones.
First , __________________(影響一). More importantly, ________________(影響二). Hence, I believe that we will see a ____________(提出展望)/ Nevertheless, I do not think we will see a ______(或反面展望)
There are numerous reasons why ____, and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. The first is that the more(比較級)_____, the more (比較級). In addition, we all agree that________________________(第二個原因)

小作文
1:投訴信
Dear_______,
I am . (自我介紹) I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_______.
The reason for my dissatisfaction is ______________(總體介紹). In the first place,_________________________(抱怨的第一個方面). In addition, ____________________________(抱怨的第二個方面). Under these circumstances, I find it ___(感覺) to ____________________________(抱怨的方面給你帶來的後果).
I appreciate it very much if you could_______________________(提出建議和請求), preferably __________(進一步的要求), and I would like to have this matter settled by ______(設定解決事情最後期限).
Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming

2:詢問信
Dear ______,
I am _________________________(自我介紹). I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding_______.(要詢問的內容)
First of all, what are _________________________________?(第一個問題) Secondly, when will________________________________?(第二個問題) Thirdly, is _________________?(第三個問題)
I would also like to inquire _________________________________(將最重要的問題單獨成段). Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects?
Thank you for you kindness, and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming

3:請求信
Dear___________,
I am writing to formally request to___________(請求的內容)
The reason for ______________is that______________________________(給出原因).I________, so I ___________________________________(給出細節)
I would also like to request ________________________(提出進一步的要求). I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused.
Thank you for your attention to these requests. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact me at____________(電話號碼). I look forward to a favorable reply.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming

4:道歉信
Dear ___________,
I am truly sorry that_________________________(道歉的原因).
The reason is that ______________________________________(介紹原因) Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming

6:建議信
Dear ___________,
You have asked me for my advice with regard to _______, and I will try to make some conctive suggestions here.
In my humble opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions:_________________(建議的內容)
I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.
Good Luck with your_______(祝願)
Yours sincerely
Li Ming

7.求職信
Dear Sir or Madam,
I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in____________(報紙名稱)of________(廣告發布時間).
Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but I also have the right personality for a __________(工作名稱). In the one hand,_______________________________(第一個原因). On the other hand, __________________________________(另一個原因).
Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me, please feel free to contact me at any time at _______________(電話號碼)
Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming

8:邀請信
Dear________,
There will a ________________(內容) at/in________________(地點) on___________(時間). We would be honored to have you there with us.
The occasion will start at ___________(具體時間). This will be followed by a _______(進一步的安排). At around______(時間),____________________________(另一個安排)
I really hope you can make it. RSVP before ____________(通知你的最後期限)
Yours sincerely
Li Ming

4. 初中英語作文的結構怎麼寫有沒有好的作文範文

一、作文做題步驟:
1 審題:審清作文體裁(類型)時態、人稱等細節; 2 列提綱(文章結構框架):分幾段,以及每段大體內容; 3 寫作:在提綱的基礎上補充要點;
4 復查:2遍——1遍看查拼寫、語法、標點等問題;2遍不出聲讀查,靠語感檢查語句是否通順、連貫等;5 謄抄:不允許做任何的更改。 二、作文一般框架: 文章分3段:
(1)綜述:概括性強,最多2句話引入主題;
(2)正文——主要內容:層次性強,一定要有過渡型連接詞。最多展開3個方面,每個方面最多2句話;(3)結尾:緊扣主題,2句話內結束,盡量升華。 Beginning 開頭: topic sentence 主題句----說出文中的要點、核心問題
Middle 正文 :supporting sentences支持句----用例子、實事或數據圍繞主題開展敘述、討論 Ending 結尾: concluding sentence 結論句----對全文的總結和概括。 1. Learning English
As we all know, English becomes more and more popular/ important. Many people say it』s difficult to learn English.But I don』t think so. 2. To be a volunteer for the 26th Universiade
As we all know, the 26th Universiade is coming soon. I want to be a volunteer for it. A volunteer plays an important part in the 26th Universiade. 3. A School Trip I will never forget the school trip last week. 三、正文:巧用連接詞,賦予語言靈氣 按事情發展的先後或時間順序 1)Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly
2)first, then/next, after that/ next, finally
3) soon, suddenly, at that moment , as soon as, from now on, at the same time, not...until, before, after, when , while, ring 表示並列
not only... but also, both... and, either ...or, neither...nor,on the one hand…on the other hand 表示舉例或補充
1)for example 2)besides / what』s more/ what』s worse 表示轉折 however, but,although, instead (of) 表示原因 thanks to, because of,because 表示結果 as a result, so ,so...that, such...that, 表目的 in order to, so that
表比較 the same as, as...as..., than, of all 五、結尾畫龍點睛,首尾呼應
1. 與開頭呼應,再次重申自己的觀點, 注意避免重復句式。 2. 結尾經典片語、句型:
At last/ Finally ... 最後In a word, ... 總而言之In short, ... 簡言之 We hope that··· 我們希望Let』s try our best to ....I believe if we can..., ... will be .... What a ...! / How...! Keeping healthy
Let』s try our best to keep healthy.
In short, it』s important to have good habits and keep healthy. Helping others
I believe if we can help others, the world will be more and more beautiful. To be a green consumer [kən'sjuːmə]消費者 Let』s try our best to be a green consumer.
In one word, it』s necessary for us to protect the environment. Beijing
How beautiful Beijing is!Why not come to Beijing and enjoy yourself?

5. 如何學習英語寫作中文章的整體結構性

這主要還是看你寫的是什麼體裁的文章,當然,現在一般都是議論文的。首先你要注意句子與句子之間的邏輯關系,比如一段話的各個句子是圍繞一個主題展開的。所以在這個段落一開始你就要確定這一段到底要講些什麼,也就是說全部句子都要圍繞這個中心思想展開。一個段落有它的中心思想,一整個文章自然也有它的中心思想,所以文章的中心思想也一定要很確定在寫的時候思緒才不會東奔西跑。
具體講句子的銜接的話,最重要的還是邏輯關系,而最能體現邏輯關系的莫過於連接詞,比如firstly,secondly,therefore,so,however,nevertheless,in a word等等。要會懂的用連接詞把自己各個句子間的邏輯關系理順,這樣寫出來的文章看上去就不會零零碎碎,而會是一個整體。
需要注意的是,漢語的結構的確零散,這是由漢語的語法組成決定的,確實和英語這樣注重鏈接的語言有很大不同,但是我相信好的漢語文章在語義的鏈接上和其它語言是沒有什麼區別的。
現在來說說具體的能提高句子間結構處理的方法,一個很有效的方法就是要把散落的句子用從句鏈接起來,因為好的英語文章都有大量的從句,定語從句,表語從句,同位語從句等等。寫個例子:

Many students think that going to the internet cafe is not a great way.Going to the internet cafe can cost a lot of our money。

這是一個鬆散的句子,如果要讓它看上去結構嚴謹的話,可以改成
Many students believe that going to the internet cafe is harmful because it is quite money-consuming.或者 Many students believe that it is not good to go to the internet cafe for it will cost us a lot of money.
總之是要用從句和並列句來代替一個一個的短句。

6. 英語裡面的作文結構怎麼選擇

採用三段論即可。

7. 英語作文如何寫好篇章結構

一般說來,學習英語寫作有三個步驟,這三個步驟是不能截然分開的。
第一, 學習這門語言的基本的詞彙和語法。此時的學習者對這門外語的基本用法還未掌握,因此尚處於學習語言的基礎階段。這時寫作訓練一般沒有,即使有也只是為練習詞彙和語法服務。這種練習一般說來內容都非常簡單,強調的是學習者所使用的詞彙和語法必須正確。
第二, 語言和內容並舉。此時的學習者已經掌握了該語言的一些基本的詞彙和語法,可以用該語言表達自己的簡單的思想。這時的寫作練習可以達到兩個目的:(1)繼續增強對語言的掌握;(2)用英語表達一定的思想。在具體的學習實踐中,這兩者實際上是不可分的。有許多初三的學生開始用英語記日記,其實他們就正處於這一階段。
第三, 主要強調內容。當學習者對一門外語的詞彙和語法有了一定的掌握,可以用它來表達相對復雜的思想時,就基本進入了第三階段。此時的語言已經不是最大的障礙,如何寫出好的內容成了頭等大事。這一階段的學習者所注重的是如何選材、如何組織文章之類的問題。有人說只有這第三階段的寫作才是真正的寫作。這一說法可能失之偏頗,但成功的寫作是必須達到這第三階段的。
如果你發覺寫出完整的句子尚有困難,這說明你還處於第一階段。此時你不要急於寫出長篇大論,即使你有些想法可能非常深刻。這時你應該做的是注意語言的積累,留意常用詞和句型的用法。另外,適當做一些翻譯練習也可以幫助你提高運用語言的能力,從而為提高寫作能力做好准備。我們的翻譯板塊中有許多練習實際上對你們的寫作能力的提高也是大有裨益的。除此之外,多做一些閱讀,培養對語言的感覺也能為提高寫作能力做一些准備。
因此,你在現階段可以從以下三個方面著手:積累語言素材、多做翻譯練習、多做閱讀練習。隨著你的語言能力的提高,你會逐步進入第二階段,到那時你就不愁寫不出句子了。

8. 如何搭建學術Essay的寫作結構

留學生在國內寫過作文,但是對於essay寫作到底了解多少呢?大家覺得essay寫作太難是語言問題,但是大家要明白,老師對於內容的考察遠重於對語言的考察。同學們的essay寫作如果能做到言之有理,自圓其說、體現出critical thinking,反應出你對於這個問題自己的研究與看法。essay寫作自然就能的高分。那麼具體要怎麼完成呢?同學們如果想跟essay代寫機構的寫作水平比的話,就需要知道essay代寫都是按照什麼結構來完成的,具體就跟HotEssay小編來看看吧!

Essay寫作結構

Essay寫作的基本結構大家都很熟悉吧?首先一篇essay的正文分為introction,main body,conclusion。其他的有appendix,reference和bibliography。

introction

Essay Introction部分是先介紹topic的general background,了解「thesis statement」。Thesis statement是整個essay的主要論點,留學生要用一句話來概況。需要寫一篇文章來論述發展清潔能源的好處與壞處,那麼同學們在background部分可以些一些清潔能源的背景,它如今的發展勢頭,經濟效應等等。然後我們在指出我們的thesis statement為:this essay will talk about the pros and cons of clean energy。

main body

在main body部分,thesis statement有論點就需要試著分段。舉個栗子:thesis statement是說pros和cons,那麼需要分成兩個段落,一段寫pros,一段寫cons。

Each Paragraph的結構為general statement,evidence,discussion和conclusion。簡言之:

clean energy有這些pros

引用合適的文獻作為evidence,栗子:xx在2017年發現使用clean energy讓經濟效益提高了10%

同學們可以將evidence與大家的statement的相關性進行討論:因為提高了10%,說明它確實是有這個pros

總結短語:to sum up,clean energy xxxx

同學們在完成essay body寫作部分時可以進行參考

Conclusion

Conclusion就是總結,同學們可以用不同的方式復述你的觀點,這也是加分項。

在復述觀點之後還可以在conclusion部分討論對topic的未來發展或者影響的一些看法。

Appendix

如果留學生有各種附件沒有放入來得及正文,而你又想附上它們,那麼你可以把這些放入appendix裡面。

Reference

Reference部分留學生需要將body用到的文獻列出來,一個都不能少。Reference也是證明大家平時reading積累的部分。格式的話每個學校要求不同,按照學校的要求書寫就好啦。

bibliography

有些學校會需要同學們做好bibliography,其實就是動動手的事兒。意思就是essay裡面沒有引用,但是大家覺得對essay有很大的幫助,值得列出來的文獻,這時候就可以放在bibliography裡面。

Essay寫作的過程就是你表態的過程,他人的觀點很重要,但不絕對,你又不是復讀機。當然了,表態也需要有說服他人的理由,也就是不能像個噴子一樣說「我就覺得怎麼怎麼樣」,在essay里表達個人觀點的正確方式是「全篇不提你自己的看法但是所有你引用的人的看法都證明了你的看法」。同學們一定要注意這些細節。回答來源於HotEssay,原文鏈接

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