① 英文論文寫作如何通過研習句法杜絕錯誤
一、建議多用以復合句為主的復雜句
我們常常強調英文論文寫作要足夠精簡,但是精簡不是要你大量使用簡單句,一旦你這樣做了就會暴露你薄弱寫作能力,同時還會限製表達效果,導致整篇論文質量不高,沒有深度。但是如果你用簡單句和復合句表達,高下立判。例如:「由於位置偏僻,交通不便和缺乏信息媒介,農村社會保持著與世隔絕的狀態」這個句子很多留學生用簡單句寫出來就是這樣:
①Because there is a great distance and there are not enough transport facilities, the rural world is isolated. This isolation hay became more serious because there are not enough information media.
但是我們用復合句表達出來效果如下:
②The isolation of the rural world, because of distance and the lack of transport facilities, is compounded by the paucity of the information media.
這個由1個謂語動詞,9個名詞和5個介詞的長句其實只有一個主幹:Rural world is compounded. 然後用介詞短語表達原因。新手在表述復合句時,先寫用「什麼是什麼」、「什麼干什麼」出主幹,再往裡填詞是一個不錯的方法。
可以看出第①句變成結構鬆散的中式英語。留學生剛開始寫復合句可能很困難,因此推薦《英語作文高級句式•第二版》,裡面的高級句式大家可以背誦下來,活學活用。但是,大量使用復雜句也不行,我們再來看例文:
A few days before, I saw a cartoon, in which a student asks his teacher where he can find a book named How to Do Well in School without Studying. The teacher asks him to find it in the fiction section. Apparently, the cartoon ironically demonstrates a truth that there』s no such a thing as a shortcut to studying.
It』s the nature of study that requires a solid foundation. Just as we cannot build a castle in the air, neither can we obtain advanced knowledge through a shortcut, for ever a slight shortcut can shatter the whole foundation, For example, students may choose to cheat to acquire a good score. However, the cheaters will wind up in a total ignorance, let alone dishonesty. In addition, although many students are averse to learning by rote, there is no denying that only by rote can one remember and learn basic knowledge, thusachieving the possibility to further study in the future. In this case, shortcuts also do not exist.
To sum up, students should come to realize that there exists no shortcut in study. Only by hard work can we form the bedrock of good performance in school.
總的來看這篇文章基本擺脫了中式思維,語義銜接還可以,大量使用復雜句且有些表達可圈可點。但是缺點也很明顯,你會發現作者的表達很蒼白,尤其是shortcut in study 等出現了三四遍。有些地方還有語法錯誤,讀來仍覺生硬。不少的留學生在進行英文論文寫作的時候也會出現這樣的問題,不過留學生可以按照下面的方法解決此問題:
1. 復雜句與短語、詞彙搭配使用,不要全文都是一種句式;
2. 降低同一個詞出現頻率,善用同義詞替換平;
3. 學習範文中的觀點以及穿插其中的過渡句。
二、常見詞彙要活學活用,不要生搬硬套
有些詞彙很簡單,以至於很多人熟視無睹,比如與see有關的搭配可能連見都沒見過,更不要說拿來用了。如see through, see over sth., see about sth., see sb. /sth. out 等。而這些我們認為陌生的表達,母語人士可能在文章中大量運用。外教很可能不用every day 而用 on a daily basis, 不用 in a hurry而用at the drop of hat, 不用He took part in the competition. 而說Heentered for the competition. 不說He must be nearly 60 years old. 而說He must be going on for 60. 恰到好處的詞語活用所產生的效果有時絲毫不亞於復合句。例如,要表達秋葉滿地的場景,下面哪個句子會更好?
③There are a number of autumn leaves lying on the ground.
④ Dead leaves covered the ground.
答案當然是④。第④句讓表達簡潔;cover與lying一比,不需要a number of 就能表示數量多。具體到日常寫作中,我們要學會用好動詞,能用動詞代替形容詞的時候盡量用動詞,比如make something complicated可以直接用complicate something來代替。比如下面這個例子:
All this helps explain Germans' attitudes towards the euro crisis. German voters are skeptical of transfers to southern Europe not just because of their fear of inflation or their experience with pouring money into former East Germany, but also because the typical German worker feels that he is no better off than the Spaniards he sees driving Audis when he holidays on the Costa Brava. After a decade of scant real wage growth, and given the unusually skewed wealth distribution, that perception is not altogether wrong.
「他在布拉瓦海岸度假」,這句話很多留學生可能會寫成He goes on holiday on the Costa Brava. 但文中直接寫成He holidays on the Costa Brava. 這里直接將holiday當成動詞使用,句子變得簡潔有力。在平時寫作中不僅要意思正確,語法無誤,還要盡量用詞精準,表達有力。
注意:這里的搭配指的是在朗文詞典中找到的,帶有例句說明的搭配,咱們在課堂上學的搭配不一定在此范圍內。中學所學的片語,英美人可能80年都不用一次。我們都學過made from 和made of, 還有die from和die of, 兩者的辨析簡直讓人抓狂。不同的教學理念導致的教育結果必然不同,這就是不少中國學生出國後還要重學英語的原因。
三、「三順」原則貫徹到底
這里的「三順」原則是指:寫起來手順,看起來眼順,讀起來口順。相信大家在寫完論文的時候最後通讀文章讀到有些句子會發現:「這句話沒有語法問題,但怎麼看怎麼別扭。」這就顯然沒有做到我們所說的「三順」原則。想要了解這個現象產生的原因,這里給大家介紹語法的兩個種類:規定性語法和描述性語法。
規定性語法(prescriptive grammar)明確規定什麼正確、什麼不正確,主要解決「用的對不對」的問題。違背了這個規則,句子一定是錯的。
描述性語法(descriptive grammar)著重於描述和解釋語言如何被人類使用,而不是規定語言應當如何使用,主要解決「用的好不好」的問題。
例如:However, is the phenomenon worthy of such optimism? 就是一個符合規定性語法,但不符合描述性語法的句子,有點中式英語的意思。結合上下文改成However, can we be optimistic that what has worked in the past will work in the future? 就顯得流暢許多。
留學生們在英文論文寫作秉持「三順」原則,既能檢驗文章,又能培養語感,真是一舉兩得。
② 英語作文中常出現的語法錯誤有哪些
時態 三人稱單數的變化 單詞過去式,過去分詞的變化 固定句型的用法(如:打電回話的固定模式……) 固定片語(答如:there be) 動名詞作主語謂語動詞用單數等的語法 還有like後面接動詞的ing形式,would like+動原這些易混淆的地方……
③ 看一下這篇英語作文有那些語法錯誤容易被扣分
我參加過高考閱卷,按高考標准這篇作文得分在平均分以下。
主要需改進之處:回1)書寫答和卷面都有改善空間,比如塗改越少越好,字越漂亮越好,字母占格符合英語習慣等。2)常識:逗號後邊不大寫。3)論述要有理有據表述邏輯清楚。你開頭說有兩個原因,可後面並不是圍繞兩個原因論述,跑題了。4)明顯語法錯、錯別字要減少:two reason(s) ,interestion, needing, (a)better job(s) 5)消滅漢語式英語:you feel society needing; I think shoud choose
看得出你已經很努力了,再把模版背熟一些,再把字練好一些,結果會不一樣!
④ 英語寫作中,遇到的錯誤,詞彙方面,句法方面,語篇方面都各指啥
詞彙方面的錯誤大多在拼寫和單復數。句法方面的錯誤在句型使用錯誤,語法掌握不牢固,語篇涉及到邏輯關聯度。
精 銳
⑤ 英語作文怎樣寫才不容易出語法錯誤
多背誦寫作常用句型,自己寫的時候,即使話題不一樣,很多句型都是可以套用上的,換換其中幾個單詞就是了
下面我搜集的資料送給你,希望對你的寫作提高有所幫助!
高考作文經典句型100句
1. It is important for everyone to learn English well in our rapidly developing world.
在這個迅速發展的世界裡,對每個人來說,學好英語是非常重要的。
[額外成就感]
同樣句型包括:It is important/(necessary, difficult, convenient, possible)for sb. to do sth.
例句:It is necessary to shake hands when you first meet someone.
與第一次見面的人握手是非常必要的。
2. The harder you work at it, the more progress you will make.
你工作越努力,你取得的進步就越大。
[額外成就感]
①The+比較級..., the+比較級...
②比較級+and+比較級(The world is getting smaller and smaller.)
3. If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
如果每個人都為保護環境做出貢獻,世界會變得更加美好。
[額外成就感]
類似的句型還有:If necessary…, they can…
4. The best way to remember new words is to practice them everyday.
記憶新單詞最好的方法是每天操練這些單詞。
5. The atmosphere in my family is fantastic
我的家庭氣氛溫馨和睦。
6. The reason why people choose to live in the city is that the life is more convenient and colorful.
人們為什麼選擇生活在城市的原因是因為城市的生活更方便、更多彩。
7. I had a great first impression of American people.
我對美國人民有了很好的第一印象。
8. We have lots of confidence in our ability to solve any problem.
我們對自己解決問題的能力有足夠的信心。
9. With the rapid development of modern technology, the Internet has become a necessary part of our daily life and work.
隨著現代科技的迅速發展,互聯網已經成為生活和工作中必不可少的一部分。
10. You should read as many books as you possibly can.
大家應該盡可能的多讀書。
11. China is becoming more and more prosperous because of the reform and 「opening up」 policy.
由於實施了改革開放政策,中國變得更加繁榮了。
12. We all need clean air to breathe; we all need clean water to drink; we all need green places to enjoy.
我們都需要呼吸清新的空氣,我們都需要飲用潔凈的水,我們都需要綠地來享受。
13. Let』s work together to make our world a better place.
讓我們一起努力把世界變得更加美好。
14. We should make full use of our time to do useful and proctive things.
我們應該充分利用好時間去做有用的、富有成效的事。
15. We should get into the good habit of using our time wisely.
我們應該養成一個好習慣,明智地利用時間。
16. What I really want to know is whether he will go abroad next month?
我的確想知道的是,他是否會在下個月出國。
17. Television is harmful to developing minds.
電視不利於開發心智。
18. Children usually have far more potential than their parents had realized
孩子們都有很大的潛能,而父母卻沒有意識到這一點。
19. In the past 10 years, great changes have taken place in our school.
在過去的10年裡,我們學校發生了巨大的變化。
20. People who spend more time with their families are usually healthier and happier.
那些花更多時間和家人在一起的人通常會更健康更幸福。
21. The job was hard, which made me so tired that I almost quit half way.
這份工作太辛苦,差點使我半途而廢。
[額外成就感]
①直接使用:so… that…
例句:The job was so tired, boring and seemed endless that I almost quit half way.
這份工作太累、太無聊,而且沒完沒了,這使我差點半途而廢。
高級句型挑戰:
The job was hard, boring and seemed endless, which made me so tired that I almost quit half way.
這份工作太辛苦、太無聊,而且沒完沒了,這使我非常累,差點半途而廢。
②能夠增加句子層次的高級連詞還有:
(Not only …but also…)、(Because…)、(because of…)、(As long as…)、(so long as…)
22. The Red Star Television Factory, which proces TV sets of quality, was set up in the 1980』s.
生產高品質電視的紅星電視機廠,始建於1980年。
23. The E-reading room, where we can send e-mails to all parts of the world, is open to both teachers and students.
我們可以向世界每個地方發電子郵件的電子閱覽室,對老師和同學都同樣開放。
24. I feel I will be fit for the job needed in your company.
我感覺我會是你們公司所需要的人。
25. The number of workers and engineers has risen(更高級詞彙:increased) to over 2000, and 80% of them are college graates.
工人和工程師的數量已超過了2000人,而且他們有80%都是大學學歷。
26. There is an increasing tendency that students own their mobile phones on campus.
在校園內,學生擁有手機的趨勢在不斷增長。
27. Now in the rural areas, there are many children out of school. I think one of reasons is that their families are too poor to afford their schooling.
現今,在農村地區還有很多孩子失學。我認為原因之一就是他們的家庭太貧困,而無法供應他們上學。
28. People should pay more attention to the ecation of children because they will play a very significant /(important) part/(role) in the future of our country.
人們應該增加對兒童教育的重視,因為他們會在祖國的未來扮演重要的角色。
29. In 2008, you will see Beijing as beautiful as a garden, with cleaner water and clearer sky.
到2008年,我們會看到北京像花園一樣,有著更加清澈的河水和碧透的天空。
30. How nice to hear from you again.
能再次收到你的來信真是太好了。
31. Your early reply will be highly appreciated.
敬盼早日回復。
[額外成就感]
I』m looking forward to meeting you in no time.
我期待與你早日相見。
32. If you have any questions or requests, please let me know.
如果你有什麼問題和請求只管跟我說。
33. No matter what you do in the future, English will always be important.
不管你將來做什麼,英語都是最重要的
34. Nothing is more important than to receive ecation.
沒有什麼比接受教育更重要的事了。
35. There is no doubt that playing video game is going to be their biggest problem for students to affect study.
毫無疑問,玩電子游戲正在成為影響學生學習的最大問題。
36. Obviously, it is high/(about) time that we took some effective measures to solve the problem.
顯然,早該採取一些積極的措施來解決問題。
[額外成就感]
寫作高手使用的高難度表達:
I suggest the department concerned taking some effective measures to improve the present situation.
我建議有關部門採取一些有效措施改善現狀。
37. Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自從他上高中,他一直很用功。
38. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我們應該不遺餘力的美化我們的環境。
39. Smoking has a great influence on our health.
吸煙對我們的健康有很大的影響。
(字數受限,給我郵箱,完整的發到你郵箱里)
⑥ 如何減少英語寫作中的語法錯誤
這個問題,首先要有良好的語法基礎,找本語法書看看,再者word 文檔對於檢查語法錯誤很有幫助,把你要寫的打上去,不對的地方會有橫線標出來
⑦ 寫作時的語法錯誤有哪些 寫作時應該避免哪些語法誤區
在中國學生中,最常見的就是主謂一致問題,單復數問題,一個句子出現幾個動詞情況,還有非謂語動詞用錯,從句問題,介詞用錯問題等等。寫作中一定要避免一個句子出現幾個動詞情況,還有要避免介詞用錯情況和主謂不一致。
⑧ 英語作文怎麼規避語法錯誤
要培養語感,增強閱讀量,多去模仿地道英語的表達。被其他人的好的範文是很有效的方式,把別人的東西轉換成自己的東西,並在此基礎上提高。每次語法上犯的錯誤要去尋找原因,歸納總結。
⑨ 如何減少英語寫作中的語法錯誤
學好語法是關鍵,另外,還要多背範文。 高中英語語法通霸打包下載 高中英語作文大全打包下載 http://pan..com/s/1sjqtsoX
⑩ 寫英語作文老是犯語法錯誤,怎麼避免啊,,,難道只有背別人的作文嗎,難道以後說一句英語還要和別人學
我以前也是老愛寫長句,先掌握基本的語法,嘗試先寫短句,然後短句回在變成長句,這答樣符合語法結構,背背英語句子可以提高自己的語感,重要的還是多讀,多聽,多感受,別太在意語法給人的約束,輕松對待,畢竟學是為用的