英語應用文寫作與交際的四個准則

1. 英語應用文

一、明信片：

當你想給親友一個簡短的信息時，可使用明信片。通常明信片的一面是圖畫，另一面供書寫用。明信片的寫法比較簡單，在它的右面寫上收信人的姓名和地址，左面寫寄信人要講的話。習慣上，明信片不寫寄信人的地址，但要簽上姓名。有人喜歡在明信片上寫自己姓名的縮寫詞。

6th June, 1994

Stamp

POST CARD

We』re enjoying this holiday—Our first at the seaside for five years.

With love

Jean&Jack

Mr & Mrs G.Dole 16 Hill Street

CHEL TENHAM,

GL 50 6mp

1． 根據上述格式給你的朋友寄張明信片，內容為：
「這座古城非常有趣，我們拍了許多照片。愛你的…」

參考答案：

This old town is very interesting. We 『ve taken many good photographs.

With love

二、
祝賀信(Letter of Congratulations)：
祝賀信的寫作與普通信件沒有什麼大區別，但應注意：

1． 必須包括對收信人的稱謂。

2． 必須包括對收信人的祝賀。

3． 必須包括寫信人的姓名。

4． 措詞真誠、輕松愉快，切忌言過其實。

Sample:

Dear Guojun,

I heard that you graated with high honors from Southeast University last month. I know that all your family must be very proud of you, and as your friend, I feel the same.

I wish you greater and more brilliant success in your studies and work in the future.

With best wishes.

Yours sincerely,

Qi Zi

常用祝賀信用語

1． Warm congratulations on your success in passing the entrance examination to … university.

熱烈祝賀你考上了……大學。

2． Please accept our sincere wishes for your… 請接受我們對您……的衷心祝願。

3． I extend my best wishes for your success. 衷心祝願你成功。

4． May each new year bring you new hope. 願每個新年都給您帶來新的希望。

三、道歉信(Letter of Apology)

Sample:

May 5

Dear Carole,

I am very sorry that I missed your phone call yesterday. I shall be at home tomorrow morning. Would you please call me again?

Sincerely yours,

Lisa

道歉信常用語句

1． Please accept my sincere apologies. 請接受我們誠摯的道歉。

2． Please accept my sincere apologies for the lateness of my birthday greetings.

3． I am sorry I missed your … 對不起，我錯過了你的……

4． I』ve to offer you an apology for not coming to your party. 未能參加你的慶祝會，我得向你道歉。

5． Please accept my sincere apologies for… 請接受我對……誠摯的歉意。

Ex. 就下述內容寫一封道歉信：

你的一位朋友昨天來看望你，你正巧外出未遇，對此你寫信表示歉意，並約他明天再過來。

May 5

Dear Tom,

I am very sorry that I was out when you called on me yesterday. Could you come again tomorrow evening as I have something important to discuss with you?

Sincerely yours,

Lisa
更多例子：
1. 因未能踐約赴宴致歉 Unable to keep one』s promise

Dear [Miss Nancy],

Much to my regret I was unable to keep my promise to attend your [birthday] party [last Saturday], owing to the fact that my [little son] was suddenly taken ill early [that day].

Hoping to see you soon.

Truly yours,

親愛的[南希小姐]：

[小兒][上周六]突然生病，因此未能應約赴[生日]宴，殊覺抱歉，希原諒，再見。

祝

好！

2. 因遲復來信致歉 Because of answering one』s letter late

Dear [David]:

I am afraid that you will think me unpardonably negligent in not having answered your letter dated [7, December] sooner, but when I have told you the reason, I trust you will be convinced that the neglect was excusable. When your letter arrived, I was just in [Hong Kong]. As my family could not forward it to me ring my absence, it has been, therefore, lying on my desk until the moment when I took it up. Now the first thing I have to hasten to do is to write to you these few lines to express my deep regret.

I enjoyed many pleasant sights ring my trip. I shall be pleased to give you an account to of them when I see you next.

Yours,

親愛的[戴維]：

請原諒我收到您[12月7日]的來信後遲遲未復，現將原因告訴您，相信您一定會諒解的。您的來信到來時，我正巧在[香港]，家人無法及時轉遞。你的信一直放在我寫字台上，直到我回到才看見，拖至今天才回信，深表歉意。

這次出去旅行飽覽了許多美麗景色，下次見到您時，將告訴您一切。

祝好！

3. 因未能及時還書致歉 Unable to return borrowed book on time

Dear [Kate]:

Excuse me for my long delaying in returning to you your 「Robinson Crusoe」 which I read through with great interest. I had finished reading the book and was about to return it when [my cousin] came to see me. Never having seen the book, [She] was so interested in it that I had to retain it longer. However, I hope that in view of the additional delight thus afforded by your book, you will overlook my negligence in not returning it sooner.

Thanking you again for the loan.

Sincerely yours,

親愛的[凱特]：

我遲遲未能歸還您的那本《魯濱遜飄流記》，請原諒。該書我讀得津津有味。讀完後，正預備歸還您時，我的[表妹]來訪，見這本書也感興趣，定要借去一讀。為了讓別人也能分享您那本書所給予的樂趣，我不能及時歸還。我想再延遲些日子奉還，諒您不會介意的。

再次感謝您的慷慨。

祝好！

4. 因遺失借書致歉 Because of losing a borrowed book

Dear [Frank]:

I am terribly sorry to tell you that I have lost the valuable book you were so kind to lend me [last week]. I read it [everyday] and intended to finish it [next month]. [Last night] when I came to my room, it was nowhere to be found. I will try to recover it as soon as possible. If I fail to find it, I will get a new book for you.

But I am afraid it can never take the place of the old one. Old books are like old friends. Once lost, they can never be replaced. They are connected with cherished associations which the new ones can never have. And for this irrecoverable loss, I am to blame. I was so careless with my things. This is a warning to me to be more careful in the future.

Yours truly,

親愛的[弗蘭克]：

很抱歉，[上星期]您借給我的那本書竟遺失了。我[每天]都在看，准備[下個月]看完。[昨晚]我回到我的卧室，到處也找不到那本書。我將盡力找到它。萬一找不到，我只好買一本新的還您。

但是，新書恐怕不能代替那本舊書吧！舊書跟舊友一樣，一旦失去就不能再得。舊書與往事相連，這種不可彌補的損失，皆由我起。我對待一切太大意了，這次給我一個警告，叫我以後要小心。

四、慰問信

慰問信應寫得真切，注意措辭，對輕病或者小損失，慰問信應寫得輕松一些。相反，對嚴重病情或重大損失，信就應該寫得深沉一些。慰問信寫時應注意：

1. 寫給受傷人的信要簡短，中肯。信中不必問詢事故發生的過程、原因、見證人等。

2. 慰問信中應寫一些被慰問者喜歡或熟悉的事物，如病人的愛好、興趣等，以使病人得到寬慰。

1. 向朋友問候 A letter of inquiring after someone』s health

Dear [John]:

I am extremely sorry to hear that your illness, which we had thought was clearing up, has become more serious, and that your have had to go into hospital. Let us hope that it will be for only a very short time, and that you will soon be out and about again. Everybody here sends his best wishes to you for a quick recovery.

With kind regards,

Yours sincerely,

親愛的[約翰]：

聽說你病了，我深感不安。原來我們還以為您的病情有所好轉，事實上卻反而加重，而不得不住進了醫院。但願這是短時間的，很快不會恢復健康。這里每個人都祝願您早日痊癒。

特此問候

2. 問候朋友的母親 Inquiring after the health of a friend』s mother

Dear [Mr. Wang],

I felt very sorry indeed when I heard of [your mother]』s illness, and am anxious to know how [she] is of late. Under a separate cover I am sending [her a box of assorted biscuits] with my best regards.

Sincerely yours

親愛的[王先生]：

聽說您的母親身體欠安，深表憂慮。不知令堂近況如何，實為惦念。隨信另寄上[什錦餅干一盒]，並致以最良好的問候。

您忠誠的

[吳洋]

3. 祝賀朋友病癒 Congratulations on someone』s recovery

Dear [Jane]:

I learn, with very great pleasure, that the illness which has so cruelly caused great anxiety among your relatives and all those who know you has changed for the better and that you are now recovering, for which I therefore desire to congratulate you warmly.

I hope that you will soon be completely restored to health.

Yours sincerely

親愛的[簡]：

在您患病的這一期間內，親戚朋友無不為你掛慮，聽到你的病已有好轉，並已逐漸痊癒，十分快慰，特地向你祝賀。

望你早日完全痊癒。

4. 慰問喪偶的朋友 A letter of inquiring to those who lost their husband or wife

Dear [Mrs. Harper],

I would like to express my sorrow at the recent death of your [husband].

In the long time it was my privilege to enjoy [Professor of Harper]』s friendship. I found [him] a since and helpful associate, with whom it was a pleasure [to work].

The knowledge that my thoughts are with you at his time will, I hope, be of some comfort to you.

Truly yours

親愛的[哈珀女士]：

獲悉你的[丈夫]最近逝世的消息，深表遺憾。

長期以來，能與[哈珀教授]保持友誼是我的榮幸。[哈珀教授]是一位我最樂於與其一道[工作]的忠實而有幫助的朋友。

但願我此時的問候，能給您帶來一些安慰。

五、傳真

傳真是通過傳真機傳遞的信函，大多為業務信函。企事業單位都有專用的傳真紙，紙上面印有現成的傳真格式，擬發傳真時按格式填寫即可。下面為一種常見的傳真格式：

發傳真人單位名稱、地址=電話和傳真號碼、電子郵件網址

TO: (收傳真人單位) DATE (發送傳真日期)

ATTN: (Attention, 收傳真部門或個人姓名) FAX NO: (傳真號)

FROM：(發傳真部門或個人姓名) PAGE(S): (所發傳真頁數)

RE: (Regarding, 傳真內容標題)

(傳真信函)：

稱呼語：

信體：

客套結語：

署名：

六、請求信

Example 1.

1903 Huashan Road

Shanghai 200030

July 8, 1995

Dear Sirs,

I wish to enroll your intensive English program before I attend a university in the fall of 1996.

Your sending me application materials at your earliest convenience will be greatly appreciated.

Sincerely yours,

Wang Xiaoping

Example 2.

Wang Xiaoping

1903 Huashan Road

Shanghai 200030

July 6,1998

Dear Sirs,

I want to pursue a Master』s degree in Electrical Engineering at your university. My intended date of entrance is Spring, 1999. Would you please send me the application forms for admission?

Sincerely yours

Wang Xiaoping

2. 應用文寫作的四要素是什麼，各自的特點是什麼

應用文應該具備的四個基本要素：

1、寫作主體—作者；

2、寫作客體—所反映的客觀事物(包括精神客體；

3、寫作本體(或稱載體)—文本；

4、寫作受體—接受和作用對象即讀者。

應用文寫作的特點是以實用為目的的寫作實踐活動，從總體角度說，它是研究應用文體寫作基本理論、基本知識和基本技能技巧的一門學問。

應用文的寫作特點：

1、實用性強；

應用文在內容上十分重視實用性。它是用來辦事、解決實際問題的，具有很強的實用性。

2、真實性強；

「真實」是文章的生命，一切文章都要求具有真實性。對於這一點，各類文章要求不同。它反映的情況、問題，敘述的事實 是客觀存在的，發布、傳達上級指示精神是確有的，不能經過任何藝術加工。

3、針對性強；

它根據不同的領域、不同的具體業務、不同的行文目的，選用不同的文種。

(2)英語應用文寫作與交際的四個准則擴展閱讀：

應用文的語言特徵：

1、簡潔；

應用文作為一種實用性文體，語言上與其他文體相比較，主要表現出「朴實、沿習、多元、明確、簡練、生動」等特徵。

2、朴實；

文學作品屬形象思維范疇，主要用場景渲染、人物描寫、心理刻畫等手法塑造出活生生的藝術形象來感染讀者，即「以情動人」。語言上特別重視積極的修辭手法，特別講究動詞、形容詞的錘練。論文寫作屬邏輯思維范疇，以對事理的解剖分析、綜合歸納、邏輯推論「以理服人」，語言上特別重視語法、邏輯和專業術語的准確。

朴實特徵還表現在多用莊重典雅的書面語，少用或不用口語詞、方言詞、土俗俚語、歇後語。例如某財務大檢查通知中寫道：「費用錯誤列支的，務必糾正。

今年的要糾正，去年的也不要放過。今後不論超產獎還是什麼亂七八糟的這個獎那個獎，統統都得在利潤中支付。」這段文字里的「不要放過」、「亂七八糟的這個獎那個獎」、「統統」等詞語口頭表述尚可，但不宜用於應用文中。

3. 英語應用文寫作填空

91.June 20th,2012
92.Mr Johnson (Professor Johnson)
93.best friends
94.to study
95.to improve her listening comprehension

4. 求英語應用文寫作

Dear John Smith:
Hello!
Are you busy? My wife and I'd like you and your wife to participate in our son's birthday party. One time is scheled for June 10 at the royal hotel at seven o 'clock in the afternoon.
Hope that when the time comes to visit !
li Wang

dear liwang:
hello!
Thank you very much for your invitation. I'm very happy enough see the party but I will be in processing company shall have represented. I apologize for not to take part in this.
john smith

5. 英語應用文寫作

一、書信習慣表達
開篇
1. This letter is to …
2. I am writing to express my …
結束
1. Thank you for your time and consideration.
2. I am expecting/ looking forward to your immediate response.
3. Your prompt and favorable attention to my letter would be greatly appreciated.

6. 英語應用文寫作通用開頭結尾

開頭
This essay discusses …

… is explored …

… is defined …

The definition of … will be given

… is briefly outlined …

… is explored …

The issue focused on ….

… is demonstrated ...

… is included …

In this essay …..

… is explained …

… are identified …

The key aspect discussed …

… are presented …

… is justified …

Views on …. range from ….

… is evaluated …

… is examined …

The central theme …

… is described …

… is analysed …

Emphasised are …

… is explained and illustrated with examples …

結尾

In summary, …

To review, …

In conclusion, …

In brief, …

To summarise, …

To sum up, …

To conclude, …

Thus, …

Hence, …

It has been shown that, …

In short, …

7. 應用文寫作四要素

應用文寫作具備以下幾個特點：
（一）實用性
應用文的主要任務是解決實際問題的。例如：經濟活動要寫分析報告，要寫經濟合同；法律行為要寫起訴狀、答辯狀；禮儀活動要寫請柬、祝賀信、賀電，死了人要發布消息要寫訃告，開追悼會要寫悼詞，婚喪喜慶要在門框張貼對聯；開會要發通知，有重要事項請求上級答復批准要寫請求。總之，為了辦某件事，解決某個問題，交流某項經驗，疏通某一情感，達成某種協議，都必須選擇適合表達的具體文種，講求實效。可以說，每種文體都體現出很強的實用價值。應用文不是供人審美、供人欣賞玩味，更不是供文人騷客比試高下的文體，而是供人實踐運用，達成一定功利目的的文體。
（二）真實性
應用文要求作者嚴格按照客觀事物的本來面目進行寫作，決不允許虛構和憑空想像。真實性是應用文體寫作的生命之所在。只有真實地向社會各方面傳遞各種信息，上情下達，下情上達，它的文體價值才會有效地實現，否則就會失真，給社會帶來不利影響甚至造成危害。
（三）針對性
應用文寫作有著明確的功利目的性，它是為處理和解決社會生活中的實際問題而進行的。因此，它有著明確的特定接受對象，有強烈的針對色彩。從文種選擇、格式安排到語詞的運用，都要針對寫作目的與讀者對象而有所選擇與取捨。
（四）時效性
時效性包括應用文的時代性、及時性、作用時間的有限性三層含義。所謂時代性，是說它要與現實緊密結合，緊跟時代、適應時代的變化與需求。所謂及時性，是說它要求在一定時限內完成寫作任務，延期則會影響作用的發揮，甚至貽誤工作。所謂作用時間的有效性，是說它只在一定時期內產生直接作用，寫作目的實現了，其直接效用就會隨之消失，文本就變成了檔案材料。
（五）工具性
應用文本身不是人們追求的目標，僅僅是能動地實現特定目標採取的手段。它以語言文字為中介，傳遞各種信息，在社會**、經濟、文化、科技乃至日常生活各個方面發揮工具作用。
（六）規范性
應用文的體式是固定的，嚴格講究格式准確。其文本形式和制發程序都有特定要求，講究規范。在實際寫作中，不同種類的應用文都有一套為內容服務的相應的體式，都有其慣用的格式、結構、手法及寫作要求，且相對穩定，在相當長時間內不會有變化。當然，我們所說的固定，也只是一種相對意義的固定。從長遠和歷史的發展觀點來看，應用文體還將隨著時代和社會生活的發展而有所變化的。