Ⅰ 一個具有挑戰性朋友的意義 英語作文
The claim mainly expresses that ecationhas a responsibility to guide students to a field that will make more money. Asfor me, I will firmly disagree with such a ridiculous view that may greatlymislead current college students. Firstly, the substance of ecation is notabout creating wealth but promote the development of indivial ability. Inaddition, study itself is a process of digesting knowledge, which tends tocreate more value than money. Also, lucrative careers may not be the interestedfields of the students and the competitive pressure could be much higher.
Atfirst, we should be clear about the fact that the substance of ecation isindivial development. Ecational institutions are typical ecatingorganizations that commit the function of ecating. They are responsible forthe correct guidance of students to achieve their personal promotion withoutdistraction of fame and money. If ecation fails to support the students tobuild up healthy personal view, they may take it for granted that they have toget used to the society by sacrificing their own interest. The consequence isvery disastrous as they may give up their dreams and lose their variety whenthey grow up. Hence, the social environment could be extremely depressing, sothat crimes take place frequently. To sum up, the function of ecationalinstitutions are encouraging students to pursue their dreams instead ofdiscouraging them.
Secondly,we should be noticed that the most valuable proct of study is knowledge forsure, but not earning money. If we are forced to go to school only for thedesire for making money, the substantial significance of study is ruined. Studyshould promote the interest of students in specific fields and motivate them toinnovate. And this compulsion is expected to make them devote to their chosencareers, so that wealth is created. Study in a stiff way is highly harmful tothe enthusiasm of students in particular courses and damage their primitiveimpression. Therefore, they might be hard to contribute entirely to theirfuture careers, while social proctive efficiency is weaken in this way. Inconclusion, the tutors in ecational institutions should rather promote theinterest in study than turning the significant learning process into snobbishlyboring path.
Eventually,the concept of lucrative careers is being more abstract than ever before,because the competence in such careers is increasing and other fields need toattract them by improving their salaries. There is no need in focusing on theincome of particular areas, for the economic environment is able toautomatically adjust the average salary of each indivial. The graates shouldbe promoted to take part in careers that have few employees and are necessaryto enlarge the scale of personnel. They could make contribution to their nationthrough committing more significant jobs instead of choosing soundly lucrativefields. In return, the national organizations will surely reward them with theappropriate amount that they deserve to possess. By the way, the so-calledlucrative careers are majorly conflicted with the interested fields of thestudents. In these circumstances, students are often required to refrain theircreativity in their work, so that the efficiency and effectiveness of companiesare sure to abate. This is a scary loop that the benefit made by theenterprises could subsequently get lower and the general income of eachemployee will then decrease. Therefore, the idea of lucrative careers is only atemporary effective view and should not be well promoted.
Finally,we can conclude that the lucrative careers temporarily exist, and there it isnot necessary to add pressure of making money on the process of study. As ismentioned before, the main goal of learning is developing knowledge, which isthe real motivation of indivial growth. Ecation, especially in theecational institutions, is obliged to improve students』 interest on studyingparticular courses to emphasize that they are expected to contribute to theirnation. Conclusively, the ecational institutions are not encouraged to urgetheir students to follow the general trends of selecting fields associated withcurrent lucrative jobs. My position can be derived from the mentioned contentsand directly proved by the passage written above.
Ⅱ 簡述你碰到的一次挑戰以及戰勝這次挑戰的過程和感受，寫一篇英語作文，120詞左右
網路一下查查--
Ⅲ 面對困難,勇於挑戰的英語作文800詞
Life itself consists of a series of challenges, whether large or small. When faced with these challenges, we should knock them back with the attitude that 「you cannot change what you refuse to confront.」
Thomas Edison is a good case in point to illustrate the importance of facing challenges with perseverance. He had done a lot of experiments before the first long-lasting light bulb came into being. Among those experiments, there were thousands times of failure. If he had chosen to give up, he wouldn』t have brought so many revolutionary inventions to the world. His life is the best evidence to prove that accepting challenges and triumphing over difficulties are what life is all about.
As for myself, I still remember the first time I learned to ride a bicycle when I was eight. My father kept his hands on the back of the bicycle to help me. I often fell to the ground when he let it go. It was painful but after I tried again and again I finally made it. Life resembles the process of mountain climbing. People who avoid challenges and take the easy route will graally descend into the valleys. So we need to keep on climbing despite the twists and turns, until we eventually conquer the highest mountain and see the most beautiful view.
Ⅳ 有關機遇與挑戰的英語作文兩篇 急急急！！
一、全球化的機遇和挑戰
Opportunities and challenges with the coming of globalization
Globalization is a historical process, referring to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through trade and financial flows and the movement of people and knowledge across international borders. With the coming of globalization, it brings us both opportunities and challenges.
Greater interconnectedness among the world』s people seems to promise a 「global village」 in which the destructive antagonisms of the past can be left behind, replaced by global cooperation and enriching diversity. Global markets offer grater opportunity of people to tap into more and large markets around the world. It means that they can have access to more capital flows, technology, cheaper imports, and larger export markets. As globalization has progressed, living standards, particularly when measured by broader indicators of well-being, have improved significantly in virtually all countries.
But the actual experience of globalization has not fulfilled such promise as above. Instead, it has given us more poor people than the world has ever know and increased threats to the environmental conditions on which humans life itself depends. It has led many to fear the loss of hard-won social and environmental protections and even of meaningful self-government. And the markets do not necessarily ensure that the benefits of increased efficiency are shared by all. Also the strongest gains have been made by the advanced countries and only some of the developing countries.
Globalization is both irreversible and, in its present form, unsustainable. What will come after it is far from determined. Countries must be prepared to embrace the policies needed, and in the case of the poorest counties may need the support of the international community as the do so.
二、經濟危機中的機遇與挑戰
Ladies and gentlemen,Today I am very glad to stand here and give you a short speach.The title of the speech is 《The opportunity and challenge in economic crisis》.
Even though the economic crisis is still spreading and we are experiencing a harsh winter .I believe that today,there are more opportunity for our colleage students in the modern world than before.
As a sky rocketing number of graate pour into the job-hunting markets ,more ang more students find themselves under increasing pressure to find a satisfying job,so there are many frustrated students around us .Do you realise that the opportunity have slipped while you are complaining ang moaning.I think we should recognize the reality and immediately take actions in every aspect ,There is no free lunch in the world .Do not hesitate and wonder our right to choose whether to go in for the competition has already been deprived by the cruel world.The only things we can choose is whether to endeavor or surrender.
There is no national boundary between opportunities and challenges. Wise and hard-working people can always seek opportunity when they are facing difficulties ,There is no doubt that opportunities favor the prepared mind.Have you ever asked yourself these questions?Am I deligent enough at school?Am I ready to cope with the potentical difficulties in job-hunting or ready to have a tough work with low salary?Is it possible for me to do something different ?Am I capable and brave enough to start my own business?If you have thought out yur future career carefully and if you are determined to try best to do what you should do .I am sure each of us will have a bright future.
Ⅳ 關於挑戰的英語作文
Four seasons, literary attainment. Our journey, though, we hard thorns, stormy, also want to challenge - such as helpful as resolute. Black and blue, pieces, because we understand life at least challenge is spent, at least we know only challenge to success in life. Composition
If the time flow, like the sunshine, under trees, we grow slowly and graally mature. In the past years like a river, and the floods, open the gates to me, so that the first challenge scene again clearly emerge in front of me, like it happened yesterday
It is just the fifth grade, I mind "ambition" can't wait to get a good result, so I try to change their learning methods, listening for each class will be clearly. However, the examination is always not satisfied, the first test scores, but my grades go down. "No doubt, it is not my work!" I think so, and I was not more effort, to work overtime everyday to make up missed lesson, also always works night, with the last rays of sunshine company, and the first rays of the morning, class is waving monkish sorts, only the "heart" learning for learning exam, even only for a time. This way of life, I can run down, but I always believed that there would be a return, paid work a harvest, I'll win the final victory. God always seemed to be against me, and the second test, I still failed. Instant, days, ash, Flowers, thanks, Tea, cold, Heart, cold! Just like a broken wing plane is helpful, could not fly. When he saw the first YouYouRan expression, relaxed, I -- vacant. There are innumerable mark in heart spun: why, why?
Oh, I understand, I want a more than others, but neglect to surpass others to surmount oneself, challenge yourself. Brake, days, fine, Flowers, colourful, The rain stopped, People,! Once again I thought up ahead of the dawn, the victory finally move in the exam, I finally made outstanding achievements.
At that moment, I experienced the bitterness of challenge and pleasant sensation, never lose through difficulties finally saw the sun.
Like light the lamp of snowy day, challenge the deepest heart bloom in the eyes, in anticipation, naturally flush out sincere, confidence and fortitude. But at the moment, the challenge successfully boundless snowflakes into pieces, moist heart at, DiaoKu trees on the green dots, expect the spring.
Facing the challenge, resolute, strong.
The challenge, smiling, will every minute and second, ooze sweat and expectations,
The challenge, like to break the young eagle soar, blue sky!
Students will shout "hero" move to the classroom, I want to say congratulations, just discover throat has no noise.
四季更替，春華秋實。漫漫人生路，我們艱苦跋涉，縱然荊棘叢生，風雨交加，也要如雛鷹般挑戰自我--剛毅走出。遍體鱗傷也好，體無完膚也罷，因為至少我們明白人生是在無限挑戰中度過的，至少我們明白人生只有挑戰自我才能成功。
時光如流，像樹木沐浴陽光，砥礪風雨，我們慢慢成長，逐步成熟。闖進歲月的河流，往事像開了閘的洪水，向我奔涌而來，於是，那一次挑戰自我的場面再一次清晰地浮現在我的面前，宛若昨天剛發生的一般
那是剛上五年級時，我便胸懷「雄心壯志」迫不及待的想拿個好成績，於是我努力改變自己的學習方法，上課認真聽講爭取每一道題都清清楚楚。然而，考試總是那麼的不如人意，第一次考試分數下來，我卻成績平平。「沒有疑問，肯定是我不夠用功！」我這樣想，於是我更下功夫了，每天不但要加班加點得補課，還總是披星戴月，跟最後一縷陽光作伴，與第一縷曙光招手，課堂上更是心無雜念，只有「學習學習學習」「考好考好考好」，連僅有的一點玩的時間也沒有了。這樣的生活，把我整個人簡直累垮了，但我始終堅信，有付出就會有回報，一份耕耘一份收獲，我會贏得最後的勝利的。老天爺似乎總在和我作對，第二次考試，我始終還是--失敗了。一瞬間，天，灰了；花，謝了；茶，涼了；心，冷了！宛若一隻剛剛起飛的雛鷹折斷了翅膀，再也飛不起來了。當看到第一名臉上那輕松自得，悠悠然的表情時，我--茫然了。心中有無數個問號在打轉：為什麼，為什麼？
噢，我明白了，我只想著超越別人，卻忽視了要想超越別人卻要先超越自己，挑戰自己。剎時，天，晴了；花，艷了；雨，停了；人，樂了！我再一次爬了起來，想著勝利的曙光前進 前進 ～終於，我終於在考試中取得了驕人的成績。
那一刻，我體驗了挑戰自我的辛酸與快感，永遠不能磨滅，經過重重困難終於見到陽光的欣慰。
如一盞雪夜之燈，挑戰綻放於心靈最深處，在期待的目光里，自然地流溢出真誠、自信和剛毅。而挑戰成功的那一刻，漫天雪花會化成滴滴春水，滋潤心田；凋枯樹木會泛起綠色點點，期待春天。
挑戰自我，剛毅面對，堅強迎接；
挑戰自我，微笑投入，將每一分每一秒，都滲進汗水與期望；
挑戰自我，像欲沖破藍天的雛鷹，展翅高飛！
Ⅵ 如何看待挑戰的英語作文演講視頻
In our daily life,we unavoidably come across various challenges now and then.In our daily life,we unavoidably come across various challenges now and then.The biggest challenge in my life happened when I entered senior high school.I was shocked to find what the physics teacher taught was totally beyond me and I lost my confidence completely.Thinking I just lacked the gift for physics,I stopped making efforts and my grades were poor.Fortunately,my teacher didn』 give up on me.Instead,she helped me analyze my problem and I realized needed to rise to challenges bravely.I regained my confidence,adjusted approaches and worked hard.Now I』m one of the top students in physics.
From the above experience,I』ve learned that it is not our inborn gifts but our efforts that help us achieve success.When confronted with challenges,we should fight bravely instead of giving up.
Ⅶ 關於挑戰寫一篇英語作文,要求寫一次你所經歷的挑戰,這次挑戰給你帶來的啟示
Four seasons, literary attainment. Our journey, though, we hard thorns, stormy, also want to challenge - such as helpful as resolute. Black and blue, pieces, because we understand life at least challenge is spent, at least we know only challenge to success in life. Composition
If the time flow, like the sunshine, under trees, we grow slowly and graally mature. In the past years like a river, and the floods, open the gates to me, so that the first challenge scene again clearly emerge in front of me, like it happened yesterday
It is just the fifth grade, I mind "ambition" can't wait to get a good result, so I try to change their learning methods, listening for each class will be clearly. However, the examination is always not satisfied, the first test scores, but my grades go down. "No doubt, it is not my work!" I think so, and I was not more effort, to work overtime everyday to make up missed lesson, also always works night, with the last rays of sunshine company, and the first rays of the morning, class is waving monkish sorts, only the "heart" learning for learning e
Ⅷ 英語作文，關於21世紀所面對的挑戰，英語作文120字左右，要求原創
The rapid development of the informative times is a challenge to all of us, especially the students who will step into the society soon. The 21 century is full of competition, elimination and reform. One who doesn』t want to study everyday will certainly be abandoned by the movement of the world. Therefore, we have to keep refreshing ourselves by learning and updating new knowledge and technology without failure.
The challenge also reflects in the relationship between each other, as people are more concentrated in making profit and the importance of moral is normally ignored. A young person must adjust his ethical principle orientation all the time to ensure he is still upright, faithful and trustworthy.
直接打在這上面，沒有仔細檢查。你再仔細看下。
Ⅸ 英語寫作在英語學習中的重要性
別急 會把英語寫作能力提高的
談談如何提高英語寫作能力
關鍵詞：英語寫作能力 原則 方法
引言：英語寫作能力是英語聽、說、讀、寫四種基本能力之一，英語寫作能有效地促進語言知識的內化。Swain（1985）提出「可理解輸出」假設，認為包括寫在內的語言產生性運用有助於學習者檢驗目的語句法結構和詞語的使用，促進語言運用的自動化，有效地達到了語言習得的目的。通過寫作，英語知識不斷得到鞏固並內在化，有利於英語技能的全面發展。但是，英語寫作又是廣大英語學習者最感頭痛的問題之一，且容易被教師忽視，筆者以為如何提高英語寫作能力值得我們認真研究。本文就此談談初淺的看法。
一、提高英語寫作能力的原則
（一）漸進性原則。要堅持「句—段—篇」的訓練程序，由易到難，循序漸進。在英語寫作的初始階段，要始終注意培養學生良好的寫作習慣，狠抓基本功訓練。在學生掌握了基本句型並能寫出簡單句子後，再要求學生根據一些體例寫出小段的文章。在段落寫作中要引導學生分析段落的結構、段落的中心句、句與句之間的邏輯關系、寫作手法等，這樣有利於下一步一篇文章的寫作。在文章寫作中要教會學生如何構思文章、如何運用正確的寫作技巧等。
（二）多樣性原則。要堅持訓練形式的多樣化及寫作文體的多樣性。從形式上而言，可以用回答提問的口頭作文，也可以用續寫故事；可以改寫課文，也可以仿寫課文；可以寫提綱訓練謀篇布局，也可以寫拓展段訓練發散思維……。從文體上而言，可以寫說明文、議論文、記敘文，也可以寫書信、便條、通知等實用文體。
(三)結合性原則。要堅持聽說讀訓練和寫訓練相結合。根據語言習得理論，學習者在學習時常先通過聽和讀吸取語言知識，從而了解別人的思想，再通過說和寫來表達自己的思想，讓別人了解自己。大量的聽說訓練能促進讀寫能力的提高。因此，寫與聽說讀緊密結合，進行多元化的能力訓練，可使學生的各項能力互相影響、互相滲透、互相促進。
（四）控制性原則。要堅持寫作前的指導，控制學生的漢語語言思維，發展英語語言思維。語言學習在很大程度上主要是模仿，而非隨心所欲地自由表達。教師要加強寫作前的指導，可給出範文讓學生模仿，以熟悉其語篇結構。同時要控制其漢語語言思維，盡可能讓學生習慣英語語言思維，以便於學生學習和掌握地道、正確的英語。
（五）持久性原則。要堅持長期、正確的寫作訓練。英語寫作能力的提高並非一朝一夕之事，而是一個長期的、艱巨的、漸進的過程。這就要求教師、學生都要有充分的思想准備，要有堅韌不拔的意志和必勝的信心。
二、提高英語寫作能力的方法。
（一）通過積累詞彙量，提高英語寫作能力。猶如土木磚石是建築的材料一樣，詞彙是說話寫作的必需材料，也是制約寫作能力提高的瓶頸。可以想像，如果要寫一個句子，10個單詞有8個單詞拼寫錯誤或拼寫不出，有2
個單詞用法不當，又怎麼能清楚地表達自己的思想呢？因此，在平時的教學中要強調學生記憶單詞，記住單詞的拼讀、用法、意思等。記憶單詞的方法有很多，各人有各人的記憶方法和習慣，可因人而異。教師可通過要求學生朗讀單詞、聽寫單詞、默寫單詞、遣詞造句、詞彙競賽等多種方法促進學生記單詞。記憶單詞是一個長期的反復的過程，要長期地堅持下去，才能不斷積累大量的詞彙，為英語寫作打下堅實的基礎。
（二）通過擴大閱讀量，提高英語寫作能力。古人雲「熟讀唐詩三百首，不會作詩也會吟」，這是漢語的一種學習方法，同樣可借鑒於英語寫作。多閱讀是學生增加接觸英語語言材料、接受信息、活躍思維、增長智力的一種途徑，同時也是培養學生英語思維能力、提高理解力、增強語感、鞏固和擴大詞彙量的一種好方法，有利於促進英語寫作能力的提高。在閱讀訓練中，教師要注意以下問題：一是指導閱讀方法，分析文章結構、中心思想、段落中心句、寫作方法等，幫助學生掌握各類文章的結構及寫作方法。二要精讀與泛讀相結合，通過推敲優秀的文章來學會寫作方法和選詞用詞；通過大量的泛讀來吸取信息量，擴大詞彙量。三要擴大閱讀量。提供閱讀的材料涉及面要廣，才能不斷擴大學生的知識面，使學生適應各種題材的寫作。
（三）通過提高聽說能力，提高英語寫作能力。英語聽說讀寫四種能力是相互影響、相互促進的，提高聽說能力必定會促進寫作能力的提高。要提高聽說能力關鍵在於創設一個良好的英語環境。教師要盡可能地用英語授課，多開展專門的聽說訓練，同時開展豐富多彩的課外英語活動，讓學生沉浸在英語海洋中去領略、去體會、去使用英語，久而久之，學生自然能使用正確的、地道的英語進行交談與寫作。
（四）通過重視寫作過程，提高英語寫作能力。長期以來，英語寫作成果教學法（THE PRODUCT
APPROACH）在我國居於主導地位，教師根據寫作的終成品來判斷寫作的成敗，重視寫作的技術性細節（如格式、拼寫、語法等），忽視寫作過程的指導。根據D.Rumechart和J.McClelland提出的連通論（Connectionism)理論，寫作包括寫前階段、具體寫作、文章修改三個基本過程，這三個過程並非是線性排列，而是循環往復，穿插進行的。教師只有重視加強對寫作三個過程的指導，才能更好地提高英語寫作能力。在寫作前階段，教師重在指導學生如何挖掘題材，訓練發散性思維，以及如何選擇材料、謀篇布局等。在具體寫作中，教師重在指導學生如何緊扣主題、運用正確的寫作方法等。在文章修改中，教師重在指導學生如何修改語法及用詞的錯誤。
（五）通過多寫英語摘要，提高英語寫作能力。英語摘要是把一篇文章的要點摘錄出來，用自己的語言使之獨立成一篇短文，這不是簡單的摘錄，而是忠於原文意思的再創作。寫英語摘要有利於學生了解原文的文化背景、理解原文的中心意思、弄清原文的篇章結構，從而提高學生的邏輯思維能力和謀篇布局能力。
（六）通過發展英語語言思維能力，提高英語寫作能力。英語寫作是運用已掌握的內在化語言知識和表達方法，通過思維進行外在化輸出的創作，因此英語語言思維能力在英語寫作中作用非凡。對於我國學生而言，在英語寫作中易受漢語語言思維的影響，難以直接用英語語言進行思維，不利於英語寫作能力的提高，因此發展其英語語言思維能力尤為重要。教師要注意對學生的英語語言思維進行多方位、多角度的訓練：要採取各種方法訓練學生英語語言思維的廣闊性、深刻性、發散性和創造性；要教會學生用英語思考問題、回答問題；要從訓練形象思維開始，逐步過渡到抽象思維訓練；在課文講解中要盡可能不用漢語翻譯而用英語解釋，消除漢語思維的影響；要努力創設良好的英語環境，在英語交際中發展英語思維能力。
寫好英語段落的三個標准
首先，一個段落必須有一個中心即主題思想，該中心由主題句特別是其中的題旨來表達。整個段落必須緊扣這個主題（stick or hold to the topic），這就是段落的統一性（unity）。其次，一個段落必須有若干推展句，使主題思想得到充分展開，從而給讀者一個完整的感覺，這就是完整性（completeness or adequateness）。再者，一個段落不是雜亂無章的，而是有機的組合，句子的排列順序必須合乎邏輯，從一個句子到另一個句子的過渡必須流暢（smooth），這就是連貫性（coherence）。下面我們就對這三個標准分別加以說明。
1、統一性
一個段落內的各個句子必須從屬於一個中心，任何游離於中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。請看下例：
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise， we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much， and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主題句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country.文中出現兩個irrelevant sentences，一個是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，這一段是講的是Joe and I ，中間出現一個Bella是不合適的。還有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner這一句更是與主題句不相關。考生在四級統考的作文卷上常常因為造出irrelevant sentences（不相關語句）而丟分，值得引起注意。再看一個例子：
My name is Roseanna， and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds， but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles， swimming fifteen laps， lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有兩個irrelevant sentences，一個是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一個是My mother was a premature baby.
從上面兩個例子可以看出，native speakers同樣會造出來irrelevant sentences.卷面上如果這種句子多了，造成偏題或離題，那問題就更嚴重了。
2、完整性
正象我們前面說得那樣，一個段落的主題思想靠推展句來實現，如果只有主題句而沒有推展句來進一步交待和充實，就不能構成一個完整的段落。同樣，雖然有推展句，但主題思想沒有得到相對圓滿的交待，給讀者一種意猶未盡的感覺。這樣的段落也不能完成其交際功能。例如：
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides， it is more useful to work —— you proce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主題句是段首句。本段的兩個推展句均不能回答主題句中提出的問題。什麼是「a mind in turmoil」（心境不平靜）Physical work又如何能改變這種情況？為什麼它能起therapy的作用？讀者得不到明確的答案。由於四級統考的作文部分只要求寫一篇100～120個詞的三段式短文，每一段只有大約40個詞左右，因此，要達到完整就必須盡可能地簡明。例如：
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means， but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表達的主題思想是一種看法，必須有具體事例加以驗證。上述兩個推展句只是在文字上對主題作些解釋，整個段落內容空洞，簡而不明。如果用一兩個具體的例子的話，就可以把主題解釋清楚了。比如下段：
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes， pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water， will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning， or start screaming 「Help」？
3、連貫性（coherence）
連貫性包括意連和形連兩個方面，前者指的是內在的邏輯性，後者指的是使用轉換詞語。當然這兩者常常是不可分割的。只有形連而沒有意連，句子之間就沒有內在的有機的聯系；反之，只有意連而沒有形連，有時行文就不夠流暢。
1）、意連
段落中句子的排列應遵循一定的次序，不能想到什麼就寫什麼。如果在下筆之前沒有構思，邊寫邊想，寫寫停停，那就寫不出一氣呵成的好文章來。下面介紹幾種常見的排列方式。
A.按時間先後排列（chronological arrangement）
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose， it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast； we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then， when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in； the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain， it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here， judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit， not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough， by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff， dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine， when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit， we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段從「rose」（起床）寫起，然後是吃早餐（「not to miss breakfast」， 「closing at nine o'clock」），然後是「close to noon」，一直寫到這一天結束（「By nine——」）。
B. 按位置遠近排列（spatial arrangement）。例如：
From a distance， it looked like a skinny tube， but as we got closer， we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular， all right， but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore， we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts： a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away， we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass， unlike the tube that it was sitting on， which only had four. Inside， the tube was gloomy， because of the lack of light. Then a steep， narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的寫法是由遠及近，從遠處（「from a distance」）寫起，然後「get closer」，再到（「ten feet away」），最後是「inside the pagoda」……當然，按位置遠近來寫不等於都是由遠及近。根據需要，也可以由近及遠，由表及裡等等。
C. 按邏輯關系排列（logical arrangement）
a. 按重要性順序排列（arrangement in order of importance）
If you work as a soda jerker， you will， of course， not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine， your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom， your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work， the larger the organization of which you are an employee， the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization， whether it is the government， the large corporation， or the Army， this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
這一段談的是表達能力，它的重要性與職業，身份有關，從「not need much skill」或「of little importance」到「more important」，最後是「most important」。
b.由一般到特殊排列（general-to-specific arrangement）
If a reader is lost， it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader， hacking his way through the verbiage， simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses， or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence， so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer， in whose head the connection is clear， has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that 「sanguine」 and 「sanguinary」 mean the same thing， but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
這一段談的是a writer's carelessness，先給出一個general statement作為主題句，然後通過5個 」perhaps」加以例證。
c. 由特殊到一般排列（specific-to-general arrangement）
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat， Prissy， with the one I had several years ago， Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy， a quiet， feminine feline， loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people， exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg， lick， or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright， eyes closed， perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry， on the other hand， loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything， whether it was decorous or not， and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable， on the top of the television， across stranger's feet or laps， in beds， drawers， sacks， closets， or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主題句是段首句，它僅提出一個問題：為什麼兩只貓會被搞混。然後對兩者進行比較，末句才下結論。
2）、形連
行文的邏輯性常常要靠適當的轉換詞語及其他手段來實現。請讀下面這一段文字並找出文中用以承上啟下的詞語：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First， though， he had to get through high school， so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular， biology， chemistry， and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects， Walter became proficient in them； however， Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result， ring his junior year of high school， Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently， he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graate on schele. Finally， on June 6， Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上啟下的詞語有兩種，一種是轉換詞語（transitional words or phrases），另一種是起轉換作用的其他連接手段（linking devices）。前者依次有：first， though， so， in particular， and， because， however， besides， as a result， both…and， consequently， and， finally.後者依次是：he， he， his， his， he， these， them， he， those， his， he， these， his. 本段中共有詞彙105個，所使用的轉換詞語及其他連接用語共26個詞，約占該段總詞彙量的四分之一。由此可見，掌握好transitions不僅對行文的流（smoothness）有益，而且對於學生在半個小時內寫足四級短文所要求的120個詞也是不無好處的。
一個段落里如果沒有transitions也就很難有coherence了。我們看下面一個例子：Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture， loudness， and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture， loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句開頭出現一個起過渡作用的」it」之外，沒有使用其他的過渡詞語。這樣，文中出現許多重復的詞語，全段讀起來也顯得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的過渡詞語來修飾的話，這一段就成了下面一個流暢連貫的段落：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds； writing， on the other hand， uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago， but written language is a recent development， invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal， while the word choice of writing， by contrast， is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from， they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture， loudness， and the rise and fall of the voice， but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
4、有損連貫性的幾種情況：
考生在寫作中經常出現下面幾種錯誤：
1、不必要的改變時態，比如：
In the movie， Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him， so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house， he had waited for the heat to die down， but they come after him anyway.
2、不必要的改變單復數，比如：
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run， the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3、不必要的改變人稱，比如：
Now more than ever， parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此寫作中，一定要注意時態，人稱以及數的變化是否正確，要注意保持一致。