❶ 英語作文。談談你認為提高書寫能力有哪些好處舉例說明書寫能力的重要性你認為學生和學校應該怎樣做來
首先要說明的是,英文寫作能力和語文寫作能力是不同的,我們不需要用英文表達內情感思維世界容觀價值觀,要表達的知識一個客觀事實, 我們僅僅被要求將我么看到的,聽到的,做到的,用英文恰如其分的表達出來,說白了就是敘述能力的要求, 我認為更多的詞彙量是對時間描述細化的根本動力, 比如我們描述事物的好與壞時,不能僅僅用 good bad 來形容, out standing ,excllent ,pretty good , find , satisfied, rarely satisfied 等等詞語組合其實可以給我們更多的感受, 在教學中, 我認為鼓勵學生在學習一個詞語的時候, 多人士2近意詞反意詞是增加詞彙量的好方法。
❷ 提高寫作能力的重要性!(400~500字)
強化對寫來作能力重要性的認識自
寫作能力是由語言表達能力和想像能力及思維能力等多種因素綜合而成的,寫作能力的高低,能反映出一個人的綜合素質。特別是在工作崗位上,應用寫作的機會很多,如果沒有一定的寫作能力,是難以應對的。我們年終要寫總結,工作中要寫匯報,學習時要寫心得,還有抒發情感、記敘事件等等,沒有一定的寫作知識和寫作能力,是不能很好地完成工作任務的。例如,有很多人,辛辛苦苦地工作一年,工作非常出色,也積累了很多的豐富經驗,但是由於寫作能力較差,不能很好地總結經驗教訓,不能使你的經驗得以傳播和借鑒。還有,朋友書信之間交往,沒有一定的寫作能力,就不能很好地表達你的感情。也有一些人只要是動筆寫一點東西就得求人,即麻煩別人自己又得不到提高。作為工作人員,我們有必要進行寫作知識和寫作能力的培養,更有必要提高對寫作意義的認識,這是提高寫作能力的前提。
❸ 初中英語的語法重要還是翻譯能力和寫作重要
當然是語法,初中考試多為語法知識,設計翻譯的很少
一、以形式主語it引導的句型。
句型1. It happened() that +clause. = sb. happened /chanced sth. = sb. did sth. by chance. 如:
It happened that he was out when I got there. 當我到那兒時,碰巧他不在。=He happened to be out when I got there.= It chanced that he was out when I got there= He was out by chance when I got there.
句型2、It seems that sb. do/ be doing/ have done/ had done= Sb. seems to do/ be doing/ have done/ had done 如:(還有動詞appear可這樣使用)
It seemed that he had been to Beijing before.好象你以去過北京。=He seemed to have been Beijing before.
句型3. It is / was+被強調的部分+that(who)+剩餘的部分.如:
It wasn』t until he came back that I went to bed.直到他回來我才睡覺。(一定要注意被強調句型謂語動詞否定的轉移,及形式)。
It was because he was ill that he didn』t come to school today.只因為他有病了今天沒有來上學。(只能用because而不能用for, as 或since)
It is I who am a student. 我確實是個學生。(句中am不能用are來代替。)
句型4、It is high time (time/ about time) (that) 主語+should do / did+其它。(注意從句中的謂語動詞用的是虛擬語氣)
It is high time that we should go / went home.我們該回家了。
句型5、It is / was said ( reported…)+that+從句. 如:
It was said that he had read this novel.據說他讀過這篇小說。=He was said to have read this novel.
句型6、It is impossible / necessary/ strange…that clause.(從句中的謂語用should+do / should have done,其形式是虛擬語氣。)如:
It is strange that he should have failed in this exam.真奇怪,他這次考試沒有及格。
句型7、It is + a pity/ a shame…that clause.(注意從句中的謂語動詞用should do或should have
done的形式,但should可以省略。)如:
He didn』t come back until the film ended. It was a pity that he should have missed this film. 他直到電影結束才回來。他沒有看到這部電影真可惜。
句型8、It is suggested / ordered/ commanded /…that +clause.(從句的謂語動詞用should do, 但should可以省略。)如:
It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.有人建議推遲會議。
句型9、It is/was+表示地點的名詞+where+從句。(注意本句不是強調句型,而是以where引導的定語從句。)如:
It was this house where I was born.請比較:It was in this house that I was born. (後一句是強調句型。)
句型10、It is / was +表示時間的名詞+when+從句。(注意本句型也不是強調句型,而是以when引導的定語從句。)如:
It was 1999 when he came back from the United States. 請比較:It was in 1999 that he came back from the United States.
句型11、It is well-known that+從句。如:
It is well-known that she is a learned woman. 眾所周知,她是個知識淵博的婦女。
句型12、It is +段時間+since+主語+did. 請比較:
It was +段時間+since+主語+had done. 如:
It is five years since he left here.他已經離開這兒五年了。
It was five years since he left here.(同上)
句型13、It +謂語+段時間+before+主語+謂語.( before引導的是時間狀語從句。) 如:
It wasn』t long before the people in that country rose up.沒有多久那個國家的人民就起義了。
It will be three hours before he comes back.三個小時之後他才能回來。
句型14、It is +形容詞+for+ sb.+ to do. 如:
It is impossible for me to finish this work before tomorrow.我明天之前完成此工作是不可能的。
句型15、It is +(心理品質方面的)形容詞+of + sb. + to do. = 主語+ be +形容詞+to do.(常用的形容詞有:kind, stupid; foolish, good, wise等。)如:
It is kind of you to help me.=You are kind to help me.你真好給我提供了幫助。
二、定語從句:
句型16、由as引導的非限定性的定語從句。如:
As we have known, he is a most good student.眾所周知,他是個很好的學生。請比較:It is well-known that he is a most good student.(前一個是定語從句,而後者是個主語從句。)
句型17、由which引導的非限定性的定語從句。如:
He is a professor, which I have been looking forward to becoming.
他是個教授,那是我一直盼望的職業。(因為先行詞professor是表示職業的名詞,因此引導詞用which,而不用who。(注意:關於which和as之間的比較請看語法的定語從句部分。)
句型18、由where, when引導的定語從句(其中包括限定性的或非限定性的。)如:
This is the house where I used to come.請比較:This is the house which / that I used to come to.
This is the day when I joined the Party.請比較:This is the day which / that I joined the Party on.
說明:關於that與which之間的區別,請看語法中的定語從句。
三、讓步狀語從句
句型19、No matter what / which / who / where / when /
whose+從句,+主句。注意從句中的時態一般情況用一般現在時態。如:
No matter what you do, you must do it well.請比較:Whatever you do, you must do it well. 無論你做什麼,一定要做好。
No matter where you go, please let me know.請比較:Wherever you go, please let me know.你無論去哪兒,請通知我。
說明:這兩種句型形式不同,而意義完全相同。
注意:I will tell whoever would like to read it.
句中的whoever不能用whomever來代替。因為它即作動詞tell的賓語,又作後面從句的主語。
四、條件狀語從句
句型20、When / So long as / As long as / Once +從句,+主句。(從句也可以放在主句之後。)如:
As long as you give me some money, I will let you go.只要你給我一些錢,我就讓你走。
Once you have begun to learn English, you should learn it well.
一旦你開始學習英語,你應該把它學好。
句型21、主句+on condition that+從句。如:
I will go with you on condition that you give me some money.我和你一起去的條件是你給我一些錢。
句型22、主句+unless+從句.(注意:由於unless本身是否定詞,所引導的從句的謂語動詞用肯定。)如:
I will go there tomorrow unless it rains.我明天去那兒除非下雨。
句型23、祈使句,+and/ and then+主句。(注意:祈使句也可用一個名詞短語。)如:
Use your head, and you will find a good idea.動腦筋想一想,你就會想出一個好主意。
Another word, and I will beat you.你再說一句,我就揍你。
句型24、If +necessary / impossible/ important等,+主句。如:
If necessary, I will do it. 如果有必要的話,我來做此事。
五、原因狀語從句
句型25、主句+in case+從句。(in case表示以免)如:
I will take my raincoat in case it rains.我要把雨衣帶上以免下雨。
句型26、主句+e to / because of / owning to / + the fact that +從句。如:
He did not come to school because of the fact that he was
ill.由於他有病了,所以沒有來上學。
六、時間狀語從句
句型27、When / While / As +從句,+主句。(關於它們之間的區別請看語法。)如:
When I was in the country, I used to carry some water for you.當我在農村時,我常常給你打水。
句型28、主句+after / before +從句. 如:
They hadn』t been married four months before they were
devoiced.他們繪結婚不到四個月就離婚了。
We went home after we had finished the work.我們做完此工作就回家了。
句型29、主語+肯定謂語+until+從句(或時間).請比較:
主語+否定謂語+until+從句。如:
I worked until he came back.我一直工作到他回來。
I didn』t worked until he came back.他回來我才開始工作。
句型30、As soon as / Immediately / Directly / Instantly / The moment / The instant / The minute +從句,+主句. 如:
My father went out immediately I got home.我一到家,我父親就出去了。
句型31、No sooner +had + 主語+done…than +主語+did. 請比較:
主語+had + no sooner +done…than +主語+did. 如:
No sooner had I got to Beijing than I called you.我一到北京就給你打電話了。
I had no sooner got to Beijing than I called you.
句型32、Hardly +had +主語+done…when / before + 主語+did.請比較:主語+had +hardly +
done…when / before +主語+did.
Hardly had she had supper when she went out. 她一吃完晚飯就出去了。
She had hardly had supper when she went out.
句型33、By the time+從句,+主句.(注意時態的變化。)如:
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回來時,我已經寫完了這本書。
By the time you come back, I will have finished this book.到你回來時,我將寫完這本書。
句型34、each / every time +從句,+主句. (這時相當於whenever 或no matter
when引導的從句。從句也可放在主句之後。)如:
Each time he comes to Harbin, he always drops in on me.每當他來哈爾濱,總是隨便來看看我。
七、地點狀語從句
句型35、Where +從句,+主句. 如:
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.哪裡沒有雨水,種莊稼是很難的或者是不可能的。
句型36、Anywhere / wherever+從句,+主句. 如:
Anywhere I go, my wife goes too.無論我去哪兒,我的妻子也去哪兒。
I will go wherever you suggest.你建議我去哪兒,我就去哪兒。
八、目的狀語從句
句型37、主句+in order that / so that +從句.如:
I got up early in order that I could catch the first bus.我起得很早,以便能趕上早班車。
句型38、主句+for + sb. +to do.(注意動詞不定式復合結構在這兒作目的狀語。)如:
He came here for me to work out this problem.他來這兒叫我幫他解出這道難題。
九、結果狀語從句
句型39、主句+so that+從句. 如:
It was very cold, so that the river froze.天氣很冷,因此河水結冰了。
句型40、So+形容詞/ 副詞+特定動詞+主語+…+that+從句.
So interesting is this book that I would like to read it again.這本書那麼有趣,我想再讀一遍。
句型41、主語+謂語+such+名詞+that+從句.如:
He made such rapid progress that he was praised by the teacher.他進步很快,老師表揚了他。
句型42、Such was + 主語+that +從句.(這是個完全倒裝句。)如:
Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.爆炸力這么大,所有的窗戶都被震碎了。
十、比較狀語從句
句型43、The +形容詞比較級……,(主句)the +形容詞比較級+……如:
The sooner you do it, the better it will be.越早越好。
句型44、主語+謂語+as +形容詞原級+as +被比較的對象. 如:
He is as busy as a bee.他非常忙。
句型45、主語+謂語+the+形容詞比較級+of / between …
He is the taller of the two.他們倆人中他高。
句型46、主語+謂語+倍數+as+形容詞原級+as+被比較的對象.如:
This room is three times as large as that one.這個房間是那個房間的三倍大。(這個房間比那個房間大兩倍。)
句型47、主語+謂語+百分數/倍數+形容詞比較級+than+被比較的對象.如:
This city is twice larger than ours.這個城市比我們城市大兩倍。
The early rice output in that commune was 200% more than that of 2000.那個公社的早稻產量是2000年的兩倍。
句型48、主語+謂語+the size / length/ width/ height +of +被比較的對象.如:
Our building is twice the height of yours.我們的大樓比你們的高兩倍。
十一、其它句型
句型49、It doesn』t matter wh-+從句。如:
It doesn』t matter to me what you will do tomorrow.你明天做什麼與我無關。
It doesn』t matter whether you will come or not.你來不來無關緊要。
句型50、形容詞/ 副詞 / 名詞(可數單數)+as / though +主語+謂語,+主句.如:
Young as he is, he knows a lot.雖然他很小,但他知道得很多。
Hard he works, I am sure that he can』t pass this exam.雖然他學習很努力,這次考試他肯定不能及格。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.雖然他是個孩子,但他懂得很多。
句型51、Were / Should / Had +主語+謂語,+主句.如
Were I you, I would have gone there yesterday.如果我是你的話,昨天我就去那兒了。
句型52、Only +狀語+特定動詞+主語+謂語…
Only by this means can I do this work well.只有用那種方式我才能做好此工作。
Only because he was ill did he not come to school.只因為他有病了才沒有來上學。
Only then did I realize that I had been wrong.只有那時,我才認識到我錯了。
句型53、Not only +特定動詞+主語+謂語…but also+主語+謂語…
Not only did he learn English well but also he spoke French very well. 他不但英語學得好,而且法語講得很流利。
句型54、whether….or…, neither…nor…, either…or…
句型55、主語+doubt+whether + 從句. 請比較:
主語+特定否定詞+doubt+that+從句. 如:
I don』t doubt that he will come this afternoon.我確信他下午一定能來。
十二.句型1:too +adj./adv.+to do
The boy is too young to go to school.這孩子太小不能上學。
句型2:adj./ad v.+enough to do
The girl is old enough to go to school.這女孩到了上學的年齡。
句型3:...in order to do
He stood up in order to see better.他站了起來,好看清楚些。
句型4:...have to do
You'll have to go home now.現在你得回家了。
句型5:There's no time to do this.
There's no time for me to play now.現在我沒時間玩。
書面表達常用句型及短語
1. 學校生活及學習成績
be obsorbed in … 對……入迷
bury oneself in … 對……入迷
give an excellent performance before the whole class 在全班面前好好表現一番
acquire (obtain)knowledge學習知識
put one』s heart into … 一心撲在……上
be interested in … 對……感興趣
be fond of … 喜歡/愛好……
like chemistry best 最喜歡化學
be good at … 擅長……
be poor at … 不擅長……
do well in …
(在考試、競賽中)取得好成績;幹得不錯
be weak in … 不擅長……
make progress in … 在……方面取得進步
fail in … 考試不及格
be tired of … 對……感到厭煩/厭倦
pass the examination 通過考試
major in history 主修歷史
be getting on well with one』s study
(某人)學業進展得很好
take several courses at school
在學校上幾門課
have English (Chinese , Physics…)every (other)day
每天(隔一天)上英語(中文、物理)課……
work hard at (Physics , Chemistry)…
努力學習(物理、化學)…
He has the best record in school.
他的學習成績最棒。
live up to one』s hope 不辜負某人的期望
learn about …
學習到/知道(某學科知識)/聽到,聽說/獲悉/了解到
succeed in …
在(某方面)成功;在(做某事)上獲得成功
be active in class (work)
在課堂上(工作中)表現積極
take an active part in …積極參加……
learn sth . by heart 諳記某事,牢記在心
work out a (maths)problem
解決一個(數學)問題
improve oneself in …在某方面提高自己
get 90 marks for (English)
(英語)考試取得90分
get an 「A」in the exam在考試中得到「A」
have a good command of …精通……
lay a good foundation in (language study)
在(語言學習)方面奠定一個好的基礎
2. 師生關系
give sb. a passing grade 給予某人及格的分數
examine the students』 homework
檢查學生的作業
stand on the platform 站在講台上
get on well with sb. 與某人相處得很好
raise a question 提問
like to be with students 喜歡與學生相處
be gentle with us 對我們很友善
be kind to sb. 對某人和藹
be a strict teacher 是一個嚴厲的老師
be strict with one』s pupils 對學生要求嚴格
be strict in work 對工作要求嚴格
think of (sb. / sth.)as…
把(某人或某事)當作……
help sb. with sth. 用……幫助某人
praise sb. for sth . 由於某事贊揚某人
blame sb. for sth . 為(某事)責備某人
give sb. advice on sth.
在……方面給某人建議
question sb. on … 就……質問某人
be satisfied with … 對……滿意
correct the students』 homework carefully and prepare for the next day
仔細批改學生的作業並為明天備課
give sb. a lot of work 給某人很多的工作
try to teach sb. to develop good study habits
努力教某人養成良好的學習習慣
make one』s lessons lively and interesting
使課堂生動並且吸引人
teach sb. sth. 教某人某事
teach sb to do sth . 教某人做某事
devote all one』s time to work
將自己所有的時間都投入工作之中
admire (sb. for)his devotion to the cause of ecation
佩服某人對於教育事業的獻身精神
3. 課外活動及周末生活
have a swim 游泳
have dances on weekends 參加周末舞會
have a picnic over the weekend
周末去野餐
go to the cinema 去看電影
have a party 聚會,開晚會
hold a sports meeting 舉行運動會
spend one』s time in many different ways
以多種不同的方式消磨時間
enjoy doing things by oneself 喜歡獨自做某事
go swimming 去游泳
go for an outing 去遠足
have an outing at (the seashore)去(海邊)度假
see the sights of Beijing 在北京觀光
play the piano (violin)彈鋼琴(拉小提琴)
play chess (basketball)下棋(打籃球)
do some reading 閱讀
help sb. do sth . 幫助某人做某事
enjoy a family trip 享受一次家庭旅遊
get everything ready for 為……做好一切准備
rid one』s bike with sb. to the park
與某人騎車去公園
There are a lot of activities at the beach.
海濱有很多活動。
We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city.
我們享受一種都市繁忙生活之外的變化。
She would like to bring sth . to the picnic.
她願意為野餐帶點東西。
It was a very relaxing Sunday.
這是一個很輕松的星期日。
There are good programmes on TV on weekends.
周末有好的電視節目。
4. 彼此溝通信息
tell sb to do sth. 告訴某人做某事
get information about …了解……
express one』s idea(feelings)in English
用英語表達自己的思想(情感)
write sb a letter saying … 給某人寫信說……
apologize to sb. for … 為……向某人道歉
thank you for … 感謝你……
make a speech at the meeting
在會議上發表講演
take a message for sb. 給某人帶口信
send a message to sb. 給某人送口信
hear from sb. 從(某人處)聽說,收到某人的信
talk about / of sth . 談論某事
explain sth . to sb. 向某人解釋某事
look upon sb as … 把某人認為……
think sb. to be … 認為某人……
take sb』s side 站在某人一邊;支持某人
5. 事件中人的態度
feel bored (embarrassed , nervous , carafree)
覺得很枯燥(尷尬,緊張,無憂無慮)
would like to do 願意做某事
be unforgettable 是難以忘懷的
show sb one』s thanks 表示感謝
have fears for 感到害怕
My heart beats fast 心跳加速
hesitate for a few minutes 猶豫了幾分鍾
give sb a meaningful smile
沖某人意味深長的一笑
allow sb. to do 允許某人做某事
keep / prevent sb. from doing sth .
阻止某人做某事
call on sb. to do sth . 號召某人做某事
be afraid to do (be afraid of)sth.
害怕/擔心某事
feel like doing sth .
堅持做某事
drive sb. off 趕走某人
speak highly of sb. 高度贊揚某人
speak ill of sb. 誹謗某人
think highly of sb. 對某人評價很高
force sb. to do sth . 強迫某人做某事
offer to do sth . 主動提出做某事
refuse to do sth . 拒絕做某事
agree to do sth . 同意做某事
regret doing sth . 遺憾做過某事
prefer to do A rather than do B
喜歡做A勝過做B
had better do sth . 最好做某事
would rather (not)do sth .
更(不)願意做某事
6. 事情過程
be woken up by the telephone 被電話吵醒
set out without a delay 一點沒耽誤地出發了
do sth . as usual 像平常一樣做某事
do what he wants us to do
做他想讓我們做的事
set about doing sth . 開始做某事
try one』s best to do sth . = go all out to do sth .
盡力做某事
get into trouble 陷入困境
help sb. out 幫助某人解決困難;幫忙
do one』s bit for New China
為新中國做份內之事
have the habit of doing sth .
有做某事的習慣
have no trouble in doing sth . 做某事沒困難
make up one』s mind to do sth . 下決心做某事
prepare sb. for sth . 准備/預備讓某人干某事
give up doing sth . 放棄做某事
wait for sb . to do sth . 等待某人去做某事
find a way to do sth . 找到做某事的方法
make friends with sb. 與某人交朋友
show (tell)sb. how to do sth .
向某人展示(講述)如何做某事
take (send)sb to … 帶(送)某人到……
I』m trying to find … 我正努力發現……
I』m afraid we are out of …
我擔心我們失去……
pass the time doing sth . 做某事來消磨時間
feel a little excited about doing sth .
對做某事感到有一點興奮
can』t help doing sth . 禁不住做某事
do some good deeds to people 為人民做好事
be prepared for more hard work
准備好應付更多的艱苦的工作
Some are doing A, others are doing B, and still others are doing C.
一些人做A,另外一些人做B,還有一些人做C.
7. 感官活動與思維活動
be pleased with … 對……感到高興
be delighted in doing … 做某事很愉快
take a pleasure in doing sth . 做某事很高興
be worried about sth . 擔心某事
feel surprised at … 對……感到驚訝
be sorry for … 對……抱歉
be angry with sb. for sth . 對某事對某人發怒
be angry about… 為某事生氣
look forward to doing … 期盼做某事
wish to do sth . 希望做某事
expect to do sth. 期待做某事
long for (long to do )sth. 渴望做某事
be sick for one』s home 懷念家鄉
have a strong desire to do sth .
對做某事有強烈的願望。
look around for … (在某地)查找/搜尋……
look up (down)at … 往上(朝下)看……
catch sight of … 看見……
take a look at … 看一眼……
hear sb. do (doing)sth. 聽某人做?/div>
❹ 寫作的重要性寫一篇英語作文
As is known to all, writing is an important andnecessary skill for all students. However, many students don』t reallyunderstand the true importance of writing, as they just consider writing as atask of exam. As far as I am concerned, writing has deeper importance in manyways.
眾所周知,寫作對所有的學生來說是一項重要和必要的技能。但是,很多學生沒有真正明白寫作的重要性,因為他們只把寫作當做是考試的一項任務。在我看來,寫作在很多方面更重要。
Firstly, improving our ability of using words is abasic function of writing. For example, in order to write a good Englishcomposition, we must use every word carefully as much as possible to ensure itscorrectness. In the process, we have improved our ability of using words andwriting skills imperceptibly. In this aspect, writing is a good way tostrengthen our ability.
首先,提高我們用詞能力是寫作的一個基本功能。例如,為了寫好一篇英語作文,我們必須極可能謹慎使用每一個詞以確保文章的正確性。在這個過程中,我們不知不覺地提高了我們用詞能力和寫作技巧。從這一方面來看,寫作是加強能力的一個好方法。
Moreover, writing is an effective way to enlarge ourvocabulary. Different compositions we write need different vocabularies.Therefore, the more compositions we write, the more vocabularies we get. At thesame time, it is helpful to enlarge our reading.
其次,寫作是擴展我們的詞彙量的有效方法。我們所寫的不同作文需要不同的詞彙。所以,我們寫得越多,我們就掌握越多的詞彙。同時,這也有助於我們擴大閱讀量。
And last but not the least, writing makes greatcontribution to our logical thinking and analysis ability. For one thing, towrite a good composition, we must collect and arrange writing materialssystematically so that we can show off what is essential and what is not soimportant. In the process of dealing with materials, we are also learning toanalyze and deal with the different problems. For another, it is also a processto practice our own thinking ability and form different thoughts. By dealing withall kinds of compositions, we can get in touch with more thoughts and becomewiser.
最後但不是最不重要的一點,寫作對我們的邏輯思維和分析能力很有幫助。一方面,為了寫好一篇作文,我們必須系統地收集和整理寫作材料以便能夠掌握什麼事必要的,什麼又不是那麼重要的。在處理材料的過程中,我們也學會分析和處理不同問題。另一方面,這也是一個鍛煉我們思考能力和形成不同思維的過程。通過處理各種各樣的作文,我們可以接觸到更多的想法從而變得更理智。
In a word, writing is an important skill, especiallyfor language learners. Thus, we should improve our writing ability as much aspossible to improve our overall levels.
總之,寫作是一項重要的技能,特別是對語言學習者。因此,我們應該盡可能提高我們的學做能力以提高我們各方面水平。
❺ 英語寫作在英語學習中的重要性
別急 會把英語寫作能力提高的
談談如何提高英語寫作能力
關鍵詞:英語寫作能力 原則 方法
引言:英語寫作能力是英語聽、說、讀、寫四種基本能力之一,英語寫作能有效地促進語言知識的內化。Swain(1985)提出「可理解輸出」假設,認為包括寫在內的語言產生性運用有助於學習者檢驗目的語句法結構和詞語的使用,促進語言運用的自動化,有效地達到了語言習得的目的。通過寫作,英語知識不斷得到鞏固並內在化,有利於英語技能的全面發展。但是,英語寫作又是廣大英語學習者最感頭痛的問題之一,且容易被教師忽視,筆者以為如何提高英語寫作能力值得我們認真研究。本文就此談談初淺的看法。
一、提高英語寫作能力的原則
(一)漸進性原則。要堅持「句—段—篇」的訓練程序,由易到難,循序漸進。在英語寫作的初始階段,要始終注意培養學生良好的寫作習慣,狠抓基本功訓練。在學生掌握了基本句型並能寫出簡單句子後,再要求學生根據一些體例寫出小段的文章。在段落寫作中要引導學生分析段落的結構、段落的中心句、句與句之間的邏輯關系、寫作手法等,這樣有利於下一步一篇文章的寫作。在文章寫作中要教會學生如何構思文章、如何運用正確的寫作技巧等。
(二)多樣性原則。要堅持訓練形式的多樣化及寫作文體的多樣性。從形式上而言,可以用回答提問的口頭作文,也可以用續寫故事;可以改寫課文,也可以仿寫課文;可以寫提綱訓練謀篇布局,也可以寫拓展段訓練發散思維……。從文體上而言,可以寫說明文、議論文、記敘文,也可以寫書信、便條、通知等實用文體。
(三)結合性原則。要堅持聽說讀訓練和寫訓練相結合。根據語言習得理論,學習者在學習時常先通過聽和讀吸取語言知識,從而了解別人的思想,再通過說和寫來表達自己的思想,讓別人了解自己。大量的聽說訓練能促進讀寫能力的提高。因此,寫與聽說讀緊密結合,進行多元化的能力訓練,可使學生的各項能力互相影響、互相滲透、互相促進。
(四)控制性原則。要堅持寫作前的指導,控制學生的漢語語言思維,發展英語語言思維。語言學習在很大程度上主要是模仿,而非隨心所欲地自由表達。教師要加強寫作前的指導,可給出範文讓學生模仿,以熟悉其語篇結構。同時要控制其漢語語言思維,盡可能讓學生習慣英語語言思維,以便於學生學習和掌握地道、正確的英語。
(五)持久性原則。要堅持長期、正確的寫作訓練。英語寫作能力的提高並非一朝一夕之事,而是一個長期的、艱巨的、漸進的過程。這就要求教師、學生都要有充分的思想准備,要有堅韌不拔的意志和必勝的信心。
二、提高英語寫作能力的方法。
(一)通過積累詞彙量,提高英語寫作能力。猶如土木磚石是建築的材料一樣,詞彙是說話寫作的必需材料,也是制約寫作能力提高的瓶頸。可以想像,如果要寫一個句子,10個單詞有8個單詞拼寫錯誤或拼寫不出,有2
個單詞用法不當,又怎麼能清楚地表達自己的思想呢?因此,在平時的教學中要強調學生記憶單詞,記住單詞的拼讀、用法、意思等。記憶單詞的方法有很多,各人有各人的記憶方法和習慣,可因人而異。教師可通過要求學生朗讀單詞、聽寫單詞、默寫單詞、遣詞造句、詞彙競賽等多種方法促進學生記單詞。記憶單詞是一個長期的反復的過程,要長期地堅持下去,才能不斷積累大量的詞彙,為英語寫作打下堅實的基礎。
(二)通過擴大閱讀量,提高英語寫作能力。古人雲「熟讀唐詩三百首,不會作詩也會吟」,這是漢語的一種學習方法,同樣可借鑒於英語寫作。多閱讀是學生增加接觸英語語言材料、接受信息、活躍思維、增長智力的一種途徑,同時也是培養學生英語思維能力、提高理解力、增強語感、鞏固和擴大詞彙量的一種好方法,有利於促進英語寫作能力的提高。在閱讀訓練中,教師要注意以下問題:一是指導閱讀方法,分析文章結構、中心思想、段落中心句、寫作方法等,幫助學生掌握各類文章的結構及寫作方法。二要精讀與泛讀相結合,通過推敲優秀的文章來學會寫作方法和選詞用詞;通過大量的泛讀來吸取信息量,擴大詞彙量。三要擴大閱讀量。提供閱讀的材料涉及面要廣,才能不斷擴大學生的知識面,使學生適應各種題材的寫作。
(三)通過提高聽說能力,提高英語寫作能力。英語聽說讀寫四種能力是相互影響、相互促進的,提高聽說能力必定會促進寫作能力的提高。要提高聽說能力關鍵在於創設一個良好的英語環境。教師要盡可能地用英語授課,多開展專門的聽說訓練,同時開展豐富多彩的課外英語活動,讓學生沉浸在英語海洋中去領略、去體會、去使用英語,久而久之,學生自然能使用正確的、地道的英語進行交談與寫作。
(四)通過重視寫作過程,提高英語寫作能力。長期以來,英語寫作成果教學法(THE PRODUCT
APPROACH)在我國居於主導地位,教師根據寫作的終成品來判斷寫作的成敗,重視寫作的技術性細節(如格式、拼寫、語法等),忽視寫作過程的指導。根據D.Rumechart和J.McClelland提出的連通論(Connectionism)理論,寫作包括寫前階段、具體寫作、文章修改三個基本過程,這三個過程並非是線性排列,而是循環往復,穿插進行的。教師只有重視加強對寫作三個過程的指導,才能更好地提高英語寫作能力。在寫作前階段,教師重在指導學生如何挖掘題材,訓練發散性思維,以及如何選擇材料、謀篇布局等。在具體寫作中,教師重在指導學生如何緊扣主題、運用正確的寫作方法等。在文章修改中,教師重在指導學生如何修改語法及用詞的錯誤。
(五)通過多寫英語摘要,提高英語寫作能力。英語摘要是把一篇文章的要點摘錄出來,用自己的語言使之獨立成一篇短文,這不是簡單的摘錄,而是忠於原文意思的再創作。寫英語摘要有利於學生了解原文的文化背景、理解原文的中心意思、弄清原文的篇章結構,從而提高學生的邏輯思維能力和謀篇布局能力。
(六)通過發展英語語言思維能力,提高英語寫作能力。英語寫作是運用已掌握的內在化語言知識和表達方法,通過思維進行外在化輸出的創作,因此英語語言思維能力在英語寫作中作用非凡。對於我國學生而言,在英語寫作中易受漢語語言思維的影響,難以直接用英語語言進行思維,不利於英語寫作能力的提高,因此發展其英語語言思維能力尤為重要。教師要注意對學生的英語語言思維進行多方位、多角度的訓練:要採取各種方法訓練學生英語語言思維的廣闊性、深刻性、發散性和創造性;要教會學生用英語思考問題、回答問題;要從訓練形象思維開始,逐步過渡到抽象思維訓練;在課文講解中要盡可能不用漢語翻譯而用英語解釋,消除漢語思維的影響;要努力創設良好的英語環境,在英語交際中發展英語思維能力。
寫好英語段落的三個標准
首先,一個段落必須有一個中心即主題思想,該中心由主題句特別是其中的題旨來表達。整個段落必須緊扣這個主題(stick or hold to the topic),這就是段落的統一性(unity)。其次,一個段落必須有若干推展句,使主題思想得到充分展開,從而給讀者一個完整的感覺,這就是完整性(completeness or adequateness)。再者,一個段落不是雜亂無章的,而是有機的組合,句子的排列順序必須合乎邏輯,從一個句子到另一個句子的過渡必須流暢(smooth),這就是連貫性(coherence)。下面我們就對這三個標准分別加以說明。
1、統一性
一個段落內的各個句子必須從屬於一個中心,任何游離於中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。請看下例:
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主題句是段首句,controlling idea(中心思想)是take the long trip across the country.文中出現兩個irrelevant sentences,一個是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie,這一段是講的是Joe and I ,中間出現一個Bella是不合適的。還有,Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner這一句更是與主題句不相關。考生在四級統考的作文卷上常常因為造出irrelevant sentences(不相關語句)而丟分,值得引起注意。再看一個例子:
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit,但段中有兩個irrelevant sentences,一個是I bought two new suitcases last week,另一個是My mother was a premature baby.
從上面兩個例子可以看出,native speakers同樣會造出來irrelevant sentences.卷面上如果這種句子多了,造成偏題或離題,那問題就更嚴重了。
2、完整性
正象我們前面說得那樣,一個段落的主題思想靠推展句來實現,如果只有主題句而沒有推展句來進一步交待和充實,就不能構成一個完整的段落。同樣,雖然有推展句,但主題思想沒有得到相對圓滿的交待,給讀者一種意猶未盡的感覺。這樣的段落也不能完成其交際功能。例如:
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work —— you proce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主題句是段首句。本段的兩個推展句均不能回答主題句中提出的問題。什麼是「a mind in turmoil」(心境不平靜)Physical work又如何能改變這種情況?為什麼它能起therapy的作用?讀者得不到明確的答案。由於四級統考的作文部分只要求寫一篇100~120個詞的三段式短文,每一段只有大約40個詞左右,因此,要達到完整就必須盡可能地簡明。例如:
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表達的主題思想是一種看法,必須有具體事例加以驗證。上述兩個推展句只是在文字上對主題作些解釋,整個段落內容空洞,簡而不明。如果用一兩個具體的例子的話,就可以把主題解釋清楚了。比如下段:
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming 「Help」?
3、連貫性(coherence)
連貫性包括意連和形連兩個方面,前者指的是內在的邏輯性,後者指的是使用轉換詞語。當然這兩者常常是不可分割的。只有形連而沒有意連,句子之間就沒有內在的有機的聯系;反之,只有意連而沒有形連,有時行文就不夠流暢。
1)、意連
段落中句子的排列應遵循一定的次序,不能想到什麼就寫什麼。如果在下筆之前沒有構思,邊寫邊想,寫寫停停,那就寫不出一氣呵成的好文章來。下面介紹幾種常見的排列方式。
A.按時間先後排列(chronological arrangement)
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段從「rose」(起床)寫起,然後是吃早餐(「not to miss breakfast」, 「closing at nine o'clock」),然後是「close to noon」,一直寫到這一天結束(「By nine——」)。
B. 按位置遠近排列(spatial arrangement)。例如:
From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的寫法是由遠及近,從遠處(「from a distance」)寫起,然後「get closer」,再到(「ten feet away」),最後是「inside the pagoda」……當然,按位置遠近來寫不等於都是由遠及近。根據需要,也可以由近及遠,由表及裡等等。
C. 按邏輯關系排列(logical arrangement)
a. 按重要性順序排列(arrangement in order of importance)
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
這一段談的是表達能力,它的重要性與職業,身份有關,從「not need much skill」或「of little importance」到「more important」,最後是「most important」。
b.由一般到特殊排列(general-to-specific arrangement)
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that 「sanguine」 and 「sanguinary」 mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
這一段談的是a writer's carelessness,先給出一個general statement作為主題句,然後通過5個 」perhaps」加以例證。
c. 由特殊到一般排列(specific-to-general arrangement)
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主題句是段首句,它僅提出一個問題:為什麼兩只貓會被搞混。然後對兩者進行比較,末句才下結論。
2)、形連
行文的邏輯性常常要靠適當的轉換詞語及其他手段來實現。請讀下面這一段文字並找出文中用以承上啟下的詞語:
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, ring his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graate on schele. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上啟下的詞語有兩種,一種是轉換詞語(transitional words or phrases),另一種是起轉換作用的其他連接手段(linking devices)。前者依次有:first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.後者依次是:he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有詞彙105個,所使用的轉換詞語及其他連接用語共26個詞,約占該段總詞彙量的四分之一。由此可見,掌握好transitions不僅對行文的流(smoothness)有益,而且對於學生在半個小時內寫足四級短文所要求的120個詞也是不無好處的。
一個段落里如果沒有transitions也就很難有coherence了。我們看下面一個例子:Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句開頭出現一個起過渡作用的」it」之外,沒有使用其他的過渡詞語。這樣,文中出現許多重復的詞語,全段讀起來也顯得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的過渡詞語來修飾的話,這一段就成了下面一個流暢連貫的段落:
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
4、有損連貫性的幾種情況:
考生在寫作中經常出現下面幾種錯誤:
1、不必要的改變時態,比如:
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
2、不必要的改變單復數,比如:
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3、不必要的改變人稱,比如:
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此寫作中,一定要注意時態,人稱以及數的變化是否正確,要注意保持一致。
❻ 英語寫作的重要性及如何提升
一、英語寫作的重要性
1.英語寫作能幫助我們提高使用英語的准確性只要寫一個句子,更不用說一段,一篇,就要力求句法,用詞,拼寫,標點等完全正確,而且與前後句緊密連貫。寫和說不同,寫好後可以檢查修改,而一次修改就是一次提高。寫得越多,語言就會越准確。2.練習英語寫作能擴大詞彙量 口語所使用的語言一般是比較簡單和常用的。而在用英語寫作時,所使用的語言則是多種多樣的。從極簡單到較復雜的語言都要使用,所使用的詞彙和句型也比口語中使用的要多得多,這對英語詞彙量的擴大有很大幫助。3.寫作訓練能幫助我們提高邏輯思考及分析問題的能力寫一篇作文,不論長短,都需要妥善地組織材料,得出結論,作到重點突出,條理清楚。這樣,在鍛煉寫作能力的同時,也鍛煉了分析與處理問題的能力。4.英語寫作對閱讀,聽力,口語,翻譯等各方面都有促進作用 自己知道寫作的甘苦,對別人的寫作技巧就會樂於學習。分析問題的能力提高了,聽別人說話就會善於抓住要點。語言質量提高了,口語也會准確一些。
二、怎樣寫好英語作文
1.打好扎實的英語語言基礎 要寫好英語作文,首先必須掌握一定數量的英語單詞。此外,還得掌握好一定的英語語法知識。若有不太清楚的地方,應通過查閱語法書和詞典來逐步解決,不能偷懶,隨便亂寫。2.廣泛進行英語閱讀 專業作家的秘密之一就是:閱讀,閱讀,再閱讀。杜甫說「讀書破萬卷,下筆如有神」。敏感的閱讀,使人產生靈感,使人對生平從未遇到的問題作出符合邏輯的或感情上的響應。閱讀其他人的文章,並不是為了如法炮製,但我們可以把從其他作品中學到的東西融化到自己的文體和技巧中去。當我們發現一段文章比自己能寫出的任何東西好得多的時候,坐下來,對它進行反復研究琢磨。它好在哪裡?就同一題目,這位作者做了哪些我們不能做到的事情?模仿別人技術上的長處,對習作者來說極有益處。但僅靠閱讀是不行的,因為它可以被用作不動筆的借口,還會成為一種麻醉劑。因此要記住:閱讀是為了寫作。3.掌握一定的英語寫作技巧 英語寫作有許多技巧,如怎樣選詞,造句,怎樣展開段落,各種體裁的英語作文應怎樣布局謀篇等。只有對這些基本的寫作技巧加以掌握,才能在英語寫作時得心應手。
❼ 如何有效提高中學生英語寫作能力
如何提高中學生英語寫作能力
眾所周知英語寫作是中學生語言綜合運用能力的具體體現,但也是中學生們一個較為薄弱的學習環節,經常出現的問題可能有:單詞拼寫錯誤,語法錯誤、句子結構有誤,連貫性缺失、中式英語等等。面對現狀,本文試從日常的教學實踐出發,就如何提高英語寫作能力談談個人的看法和建議。
一、明確中學生英語寫作能力教學的重要意義。
首先,英語寫作能力教學有助於中學生獲取課內外信息,提高自己的自學能力;其次有效英語寫作能力訓練能幫助中學生建立合作機制,促進全體中學生的互動發展;再次,寫作能力教學中倡導形成性評價方法,讓每位中學生感受到成功的學習過程及樂趣;最後,英語寫作能力教學過程中注重立體的系統性訓練,提高中學生的整體英語素質及各種能力的養成。
二、 通過閱讀和模仿,擴大詞彙量,豐富表達手段。增強中學生英語寫作基本能力
學生在寫作中最大的問題是詞彙量不足,這明顯與平時不重視詞彙積累有關。作為一名學生,僅靠精讀、泛讀的閱讀量是遠遠不夠的,還需要有意識地擴大閱讀量。閱讀是掌握語言知識、打好語言基礎、獲得信息的重要渠道。多讀書,多積累知識,多觀察生活,是寫好文章的必要准備。比如,經常瀏覽一些英文報刊雜志以及根據自己的喜好和實際水平有選擇地閱讀一些英語讀物,都對提高寫作水平有幫助。在閱讀中,我們要多記憶一些常用詞彙,歸納分析一些同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、相關習語以及固定搭配,以擴大詞彙量。通過閱讀,我們也可以比較全面地了解和掌握詞語、句型和篇章結構等知識。另外,在閱讀過程中,還要善於總結一些典型句型,盡可能多地背誦一些精彩段落、重要章節,以培養自己的語感,為寫作積累素材。模仿好的句式結構或背誦範文也是提高英語寫作水平的極好途徑。模仿有利於我們學習地道的英語表達法以及提高寫作技巧和技能。平時遇見好的文章,把它們按照不同體裁和主題整理出一些範文,盡力背誦下來。如果有二、三十篇不同類型的好文章爛熟於胸,自然對寫文章會有所借鑒,也不會感到束手無策。
三、通過教師的引導,使中學生英語寫作能力水平更上一層樓。
傳統的教學模式是一種重結果的寫作教學,它強調語法,句法,詞彙和拼寫等句子層面上的教學,寫作的內容和寫作的過程往往被忽略。有效的寫作教學應該是一種重過程的教學,應該將學生和學生的需求置於師生間交互學習的中心。教學力求營造一種氣氛使學生能夠共享信息,互相幫助,把寫作視為一個過程,而第一稿只是這個過程的開始,寫作時敢於大膽嘗試。傳統的教學模式內容枯燥,手段單一,雙向交流活動較少,難以全面培養學生的寫作能力和調動學生的積極性,從而難以在真正意義上提高學生的語言交際能力。因此,教學中應盡可能豐富教學手段。在寫作課的訓練過程中,教師應把技能教學納入教學的主要內容之中,多結合實例教學生一些英語寫作技巧,並根據教學內容的難易度,組織豐富多彩的教學活動和創造真實的語言環境,以培養學生的寫作興趣,讓學生在語境中准確用詞,掌握技巧,提高寫作能力。另外,現代多媒體技術也應該引入到寫作教學中。教師可以把網際網路上豐富的資源引入到課堂教學中來,讓學生通過網際網路上的英語寫作資源了解最新的發展動向,同時參與在線交流,促進語言的學習。在老師的引導與輔導下,學生通過親身的探索與實踐,找到並充分利用適合自己的網際網路寫作資源,這樣不僅有利於培養學生獨立學習的能力,還使個別化教學成為可能。這種信息化教學既能豐富教學手段,又能充實教學內容,還能激發學生的學習興趣,提高教學效果。
最後,還要抓好英語寫作教學「五化」的落實,即中學英語寫作要求層次化,寫作形式多樣化,寫作內容生活化,寫作教學過程化和寫作反饋公開化。
總之,寫作能力不是一朝一夕就可以提高的,需要多方面因素的有機結合。在「教」和「學」這對矛盾中,「學」是主體,起決定作用,「教」也起著至關重要的主導作用。因此,學生除不斷鞏固自身的語言基礎和寫作技巧外,還要堅持寫作實踐;教師也應不斷反思自己的教學行為,更新觀念,更新教學方法,力爭提高中學生英語寫作的實效。
❽ 初中英語寫作課的重要性
當然是很重要吧,因為我們說初中英語寫作的話,如果寫得好。到後期發展是不可生存