① 高考英語作文的評分,英語老師進.
論述：如何理解高考英語寫作題的評分標准
本文也適用於高中英語教師。
一般來說，寫作題的高考評分標准包含評分原則、內容要點、給分范圍及要求、說明和參考範文五個部分。其中內容要點以及詞數、標點、書寫等方面的原則比較容易理解、操控和落實。但「評分時，應該注意的主要內容為……應用詞彙和語法結構的數量……上下文的連貫性和語言的得體性」等評分原則，「應用了較多的語法結構和詞彙；語法結構或詞彙方面有些許錯誤，但為盡力使用較復雜結構或較高級詞彙所致，具備較強的語言運用能力；有效地使用了語句間的連接成份，使全文結構緊湊」等給分要求、以及「對緊扣主題的適當發揮不予扣分」等說明，相對比較抽象，不易捉摸。
一、 如何理解「應用了較多的詞彙」
這里所說的「詞彙」，可以從高級詞彙的使用、同義詞的使用、短語的使用等方面去理解：
（一） 高級詞彙的使用
評分標准第五檔次的要求中提到，「詞彙方面有些許錯誤，但為盡力使用較復雜結構或較高級詞彙所致」。這里所說的「高級詞彙」，指的是大綱中沒有列入或沒有識記要求，但在實際運用中卻出現比較頻繁的詞彙，比如frustration, awkward, awfully, concern等詞，都可以算作是「高級詞彙」。考生若能夠適當地運用一些高級詞彙，定會給評卷老師留下深刻的印象。
1. I can』t find any way to solve the problem. (換作高級詞彙：I can』t find any solution to the problem.)
2. The pet dog is so lovely that almost everybody likes her. (換作高級詞彙：The pet dog is so cute that almost everybody likes her.)
3. The question is really difficult to understand. (換作高級詞彙：The question is really confusing.)
4. He had to face all the possible difficulties. (換作高級詞彙：He had to cope with all the possible difficulties)
（二） 同義詞的使用
英語中有些詞的使用頻率非常高，比如interesting, clever等，在表達時大家都很喜歡用，這樣很容易令文章入千人一面的窘境中。但如果我們能夠使用它們相應的同義詞，就可以做到與眾不同，給評卷者帶來清新的感覺。例如：
1. It will be very interesting. (換作同義詞：It will be a lot of fun.)
2. He was so clever that he could count all the way up to 100 at one year old.( 換作同義詞：He was so smart that he could count all the way up to 100 at one year old.)
3. Last summer I visited New Jersey with my parents. (換作同義詞：Last summer I toured New Jersey with my parents.)
（三） 適當利用短語取代單詞
總體而言，使用短語的難度比單詞要大一些，因此適當運用短語更能顯出作者的功力。例如：
1. Suddenly I had a good idea. (換作短語：Suddenly I came up with a good idea.)
2. Take a moment to see what is happening around you. (換作短語：Take a moment to see what is going on around you.)
3. Everyone should do his or her best. (換作短語：Everyone is supposed to do his or her best.)
二、 如何理解「應用了較多的語法結構」
固定句式（如感嘆句、復合結構、強調句型等）、定語從句、現在分詞短語等都屬於較復雜的語法結構。這些結構的正確使用，可以使文章的語言充滿層次感，從而較好地反映寫作者的語言運用能力。
（一） 使用固定句式
1. She was robbed of her purse but she had no time to call for help.(使用before one can do sth.結構：She was robbed of her purse before she could call for help.)
2. The environment will never improve until everybody takes care of it. (使用倒裝結構：Not until everybody takes care of it will the environment improve.)
（二） 使用現在分詞結構
現在分詞結構可以表達伴隨、原因等狀語，因此幾乎在任何文章中都可以用得上。現在分詞短語可以使句子的表達更加簡潔、生動，而且也使前後兩個動作的銜接更加緊密。例如：
1. Nowadays, we can easily travel from one place to another and this bridges the gap among different races or cultures. (換作現在分詞短語：Nowadays, we can easily travel from one place to another, thus bridging the gap among different race or cultures.)
2. People worked together on the assembly line.(換作現在分詞短語：People worked together on the assembly line, moving quickly and efficiently.)
（三） 使用定語從句
定語從句的使用，不僅能使上下文更加流暢，也同時能充分展示寫作者運用較復雜的語法結構的能力。例如：
1. My favorite living writer is Roddy Doyle. I think he is a genius. (使用定語從句：My favorite living writer is Roddy Doyle, who I think is a genius.)
2. My aunt bought me a book. The title of the book is All about USA. (使用定語從句：My aunt bought me a book, whose title is All about the USA.)
三、 如何理解「上下文的連貫性」
評分標准指出，書面表達應該注意「上下文的連貫性」，並能「有效地使用語句間的連接成份，使全文結構緊湊」。這里說的連貫性，就是指通過連接詞（包括並列連詞，從屬連詞和連接性副詞）、非謂語動詞短語等語法成分，使兩個或多個意義相互關聯的事情或觀點在同一個句子內得以表達，從而使整個段落或篇章渾然一體，連貫流暢。
(一) 連接性副詞
連接性副詞也被稱為過渡詞。它們的位置一般以句首居多。連接性副詞承上啟下，能夠令讀者對後續的句子產生心理上的期待和准備，因此整個篇章會因它們而緊湊連貫。常見的連接性副詞有：also, furthermore, in addition, additionally, hopefully, meanwhile, however, instead, in other words, in brief, in a word, in my opinion, on the whole等等。例如：
1. We have many things to do. We believe we can finish before the day is over. (使用連接性副詞：We have quite a lot to do. Hopefully, we will be able to finish before the day is over.)
2. The boy comes from a poor family. The boy does very well in his studies. The boy plans to work his way through college. (使用連接性副詞：Even though he comes from a poor family, the boy does very well in his studies; furthermore, he plans to work his way through college.)
(二) 使用從屬連詞
常見的從屬連詞有after, as, when, while, as long as, as soon as等。例如：
1. You work hard and never give up. You will succeed in your studies. (使用從屬連詞：So long as you work hard, you will succeed in your studies.)
2. The teacher came in. the students were quiet. (使用從屬連詞：The students were quiet as soon as the teacher came in.)
四、 如何理解「語言的得體性」
評分標准要求考生應注意「語言得體性」，就是要求在表達時根據說話的對象、時間、地點、場合等因素來選擇使用恰當的英語語言。
（一） 體裁和題材對得性的要求
不同體裁和題材的文章有不同的用語要求。比如，書面通知中就不適合用「I will tell you a piece of good news.」或「May I have your attention, please?」等句子。這些句子只有在口頭通知中才算得體的語句。
2003年高考的書面表達要求「你」給一位外國朋友回信，介紹「你」幫他找的一套出租房。相當一部分考生沒有理解「你」與說話對象的關系，所以話語中沒有給對方提出異議的餘地，敘述的方式和口吻上缺乏禮貌性，像「The house is very suitable for you.」等語句顯得相當主觀，若改為「Do you think it is suitable for you? If not, I will try again.」就比較得體。
另外， 英語中還有正式語和非正式語，書面語和口頭語之分。寫作前，還應該認真分析題目的體裁，根據不同的體裁，確定用語的類別。正式用語或書面語的句子結構嚴格遵循語法規則，所採用的單詞使用頻率不是很高，比如：permit, inform, discover, depart等詞都屬於正式用語；而非正式用語或口頭用語則較多地使用短語，所採用的單詞使用頻率高，也比較短。比如let, tell, find out, leave等等。費正式用語也經常使用簡略語或縮略詞。
（二） 文化和思想內涵對得體性的要求
只有了解社會、歷史、文化、政治及思維習慣等因素對語言的影響，才能使選詞更貼切、更得體。例如：
1. People who live on the farm can hear cocks』 crow every morning. (rooster 和cock 都可表示「公雞」，但cock通常聽起來比較粗魯，所以應把cock改為rooster才比較妥當。)
2. Because he was ill, he had to stay at home yesterday. (本句話想要表達的意思是「因為他病了，所以他不得不呆在家裡」。漢語思維中常常是先原因，後結果，而英語則剛好相反。所以句子應該改為：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.)
五、 如何理解「緊扣主題的適當發揮」
所謂「緊扣主題的適當發揮」，就是指在合乎情理、合乎規范、力所能及的前提下添加一些要點中沒有提及的信息。請看2003年全國高考的一篇優秀考場作文（節選）：
I am very pleasant to learn that you will come to China to study Chinese. I have found an apartment for you. The apartment is on the third floor of a six-storeyed building, which is located on a quiet tree-lined street—Fangcao Street. It is only one bus stop away from Jianxin Chinese School, where you are planning to study this summer. The apartment has a bedroom, in which there is a comfortable sofa, a desk for office and a single bed. Inside there is a bathroom and a kitchen. The apartment occupies an area of 25 square meters. The rent is 500 yuan per month. I hope that the apartment will meet your expectation.
出開頭和結尾外， 本文適當發揮的地方有五處（見文中標注），都是稍加擴展又立即收題，而且無一例外都是定語。這些信息的添加，不僅增強了文章的個性，而且使文章內容更加豐富。可見信息的添加不能旁逸斜出或標新立異，否則就會適得其反，突然增加一些出錯的機會。
詳情請參考：http://www.51gaofen.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=49
② 高考英語寫作中怎樣使用復雜結構
但如何幫助學生真正理解復雜結構，並從整篇作文的角度來定位好的句子呢？我們很難給復雜結構下個確切的定義，但可從以下幾個方面探討對「復雜結構」的理解。
1. 簡單句也可能成為好句子
（1）恰當的形容詞、副詞——表達意見，情感流露的載體。例如：
It turned into a quarrel. → It turned into a horrible/terrible/fierce quarrel.
雖然只是添加了一個形容詞，但quarrel 的程度、作者的態度和場景的再現更好地表現了出來。又如：
They began to quarrel. → They began to quarrel with each other blindly/furiously.
（2）同位語——精巧完善欲達之意。例如：
Li Jiang, who is Su Hua's classmate, is also to blame. → Li Jiang, Su Hua's classmate, is also to blame.
定語從句固然帶來了復雜結構，但簡潔明了是行文的基本要求，該惜墨處勿潑墨。又如：
The boy went back home and was full of fear. → The boy went back home, full of fear.
形容詞短語full of fear作狀語的表達既簡潔明了，又生動形象。
（3）評注性狀語——娓娓道來，突出了寫作的交際性。例如：
It was Su's fault but Li was also to blame. → To be honest/To be frank, it was Su's fault but Li was also to blame.
評注性狀語是插入語的一種，它與狀語很接近，但它並不修飾謂語或其他詞，而是對整個句子進行解釋或說明，表明說話人的看法或態度，給讀者以娓娓道來之感。又如：
To be short, it is everyone's responsibility to keep the world clean.
（4）非謂語結構——簡潔生動之美。例如：
Sandy struck the USA and caused great damage to the infrastructure. → Sandy struck the USA, causing great damage to the infrastructure.
非謂語結構是豐富句子的有效結構，書面性強，表達更為生動。又如：
After I finished my homework, I often relaxed myself by playing computer games. → Having finished my homework, I often relaxed myself by playing computer games.
（5）被動語態——地道之美。例如：
Some people say this kind of milk contains different levels of nutrients. → This kind of milk is said to contain different levels of nutrients. → It is said that this kind of milk contains different levels of nutrients.
受母語負遷移的影響，學生在表達動作發出者不明確時常用主動語態表達，有中式英語之嫌；而使用被動結構卻能給句子帶來地道英語之美。又如：
People believe that mutual understanding contributes to a permanent friendship. → It is generally believed that mutual understanding contributes to a permanent friendship.
2. 復雜自有其道
（1）復合句——長短之變，節奏之美。例如：
Su Hua and Li Jiang played basketball on the playground. They both jumped up to catch the flying ball. → Su Hua and Li Jiang were playing basketball on the playground when they both jumped up to catch the flying ball.
復合句使用了定語從句、狀語從句，明確了概念的外延，增大了概念的內涵，邏輯性強。再有，長短句結構交替使用後，語句內部抑揚頓挫的節奏感就出來了，從而使文章流暢自然，生動活潑。
（2）倒裝句——強化情感，讓句子結構趨於平衡。例如：
Su said many mean words to Li and shouted at the top of his voice as well. → Not only did Su say many mean words to Li but also shouted at the top of his voice.
倒裝句常帶來承上啟下、平衡結構、強化情感之效。又如：
A man, who is in all black, is standing with a gun in hand in front of her. → Standing in front of her is a man, who is in all black, with a gun in hand.
（3）強調句——為了突出句子中的某一部分常使用強調句，以便能引起他人的注意，更明確地表達自己的意願和情感。例如：
He didn't come back until the clock struck twelve. → It was not until the clock struck twelve that he came back.
（4）省略句——干練，無冗長之嫌。例如：
While they were catching the flying ball, they bumped into each other. → While catching the flying ball, they bumped into each other.
（5）虛擬語氣——極盡感激、遺憾或悔恨之情。例如：
No one put himself in the other's place. They found no fun in the game. → If one of them had put himself in the other's place, they could have found more fun in the game.
另外，虛擬語氣還可以表示說話人的一種願望、假設、懷疑、猜測、建議等含意。書面表達題中常用「假如你是……，你會如何……？」來考查考生的個人認識或解決問題的能力。
前文提到的那位高三學生是一名英語基礎很好的學生，向其呈現了以上探討後，心領神會，修改習作如下：
Conflicts with others are common in everyday life. These conflicts can turn out to be serious problems if we don't deal with them properly.
Last week, Su Hua and Li Jiang were playing basketball on the playground when they both jumped up to catch the flying ball. Unfortunately, they bumped into each other. Su began to say mean words and Li shouted back in response. A terrible quarrel occurred all of a sudden.
How to avoid these quarrels effectively? First, we should often stand in others' shoes when faced with conflicts. Second, stay as cool as a cucumber. Think twice and you may find that things are not so bad as you thought first. What's more, we should be good sports. Competitive sports involve unavoidable bumps or even injuries, which should be taken into consideration when you participate in a game.
三、「復雜結構」的再思量
在高三上學期基本語法學完之後，許多老師會讓學生在寫作中嘗試運用各種復合句或特殊結構。陳幸佩（2011）在《高三英語寫作復習課的有效性——以寧波市第六屆課例評析為例》一文中描述了一位授課教師在寫作技能環節總結的四句口訣：①肯定不如雙否好；②陳述不如倒裝巧；③單句不如復句妙；④從句不如短句傲。但該作者也鮮明地指出此舉容易造成學生刻意或生搬硬套地運用這些復雜句的可能。
那麼，到底應該如何理解復雜語法結構？
在「要點完整，語言無誤，行文連貫，表達清楚」的評分標准指導下，考生往往在書面表達中只用五種基本簡單句來表達，以防出錯，從而導致中學生寫作的層次不高，略顯乏味。「應用了較多的語法結構和詞彙；語法結構或詞彙方面有些許錯誤，但為盡力使用較復雜結構或較高級詞彙所致」的新評分標准有其深刻的背景，它雖能引領師生重視並提升寫作的品質，但卻沒有或不便明確說明內容決定形式、簡單與復雜並存等要素。由此，部分師生誤以為多用結構復雜的句子就會有層次，可以得到高分。事實上，簡單句本身同樣可以發揮其精妙的表情達意之功。有時一個簡單的介詞短語也能增添情感的魅力或激發讀者的共鳴。例如，一位學生習作（談雙休日的利與弊）中有這樣的句子：
With the two-day weekends, we can have more time to chat with our parents. → With the two-day weekends, we can have more time to chat with our parents around the table.
句中的around the table能讓讀者頭腦中浮現出生活的場景，喚起了家庭的溫馨之感。
可見，復雜結構並不僅是復雜的句子結構，它應是根據內容和行文需要，巧妙使用高中所學的詞彙和各種語法知識，長短句結合，恰當、連貫地傳遞信息和表達自己的思想，充分體現寫作的交際本質。
③ 雅思寫作如何運用現在分詞
雅思寫作怎麼慎用巧用分詞一：用分詞替換定語從句時，分詞的邏輯主語就是定語從句前的先行詞。 如現在分詞：We stood on the bridge connecting the two halves of the building. (... the bridge which connects/connected the two halves...)前一句中的分詞connecting的邏輯主語是the bridge，和後一句中定語從句先行詞the bridge, 兩者一致。試比較：The man who Tim is meeting for lunch is from Taiwan.此句的定語從句who Tim is meeting for lunch不可用分詞結構替換，即絕不能改成：The man Tim meeting for lunch is from Taiwan. 因為分詞meeting的邏輯主語並不是定語從句先行詞the man,而是Tim，所以這是完全錯誤的說法。又如過去分詞：The issue that club members are being asked to vote on at tonight』s meeting is that of a fee increase. 絕不可改成：The issue club members being asked to vote on at tonight』s meeting is that of a fee increase.分詞being asked的邏輯主語是club members,並不是定語從句先行詞the issue。 雅思寫作怎麼慎用巧用分詞二：表因果 表因果，即當分詞所指行為或事件引發了主句所指的事件或行為，可以替換定語從句。比較：A. The snow which fell overnight has turned to ice. (不可改為The snow falling overnight...)只表先後，不表因果 B. The snow which fell overnight has caused traffic chaos. (可以用分詞The snow falling overnight has caused traffic chaos.)又先後，表因果。 雅思寫作怎麼慎用巧用分詞三：用分詞時，不表動作先後，表伴隨狀態 用分詞時，不表動作先後，表伴隨狀態。如： The girl who fell over on the ice broke her arm. (不可改成The girl falling over on the ice broke her arm.)瞬間性行為動詞fell over 和broke 有先後。 比較：I pulled off sheets which covered the furniture. 表狀態伴隨的動詞cover，替換成分詞....sheets covering the furniture. 雅思寫作怎麼慎用巧用分詞四：情態動詞做謂語的定語從句，不可用分詞替換 情態動詞做謂語的定語從句，不可用分詞替換。如：There are a number of people who should be asked. 要寫出變化的句式，需在熟練掌握各種句型的同時，做到活學活用融匯貫通，並非易事。希望大家平時認真打好好語法和詞彙的基本功，多開口勤動筆，在實踐中學習。
④ 什麼是高考英語寫作內容的擴展方向
滿意回答 上面各位的回答都不錯，我給你找的是專門針對考研用的，因為看你的年紀應該不是為了考四六級這么簡單了吧。
寫作是語言的重要環節，看看英語考試中對作文的重視就明白了。在考研中，寫作意義極其重大，其性價比（即投入的時間和提高的幅度）非常高，在我看來，如果你的閱讀水平還可以的話，寫作將是你的突破口。
提高寫作只有一個字——「恆」，絕對的熟能生巧。我在網上看過高手寫的文章，簡直可以用恐怖來形容，完全是閱讀理解的水平，而作者的訣竅就是每天寫每天練！只要不斷的寫不斷的改，你的文章會讓你自己吃驚。套用一句：寫作恆久遠，練習永流傳。
然而備考的時間是很緊的，不可能每天保持大量的練習，好在其要求也不高，從現在開始，到考前完全可以達到要求，但千萬不要間斷！很多同學都有一個情況，越不寫，越怕寫；越怕寫，越不寫。萬事開頭難，所以開始的練習尤為重要，而練習應以詞句為主+閱讀好文章，我就有一本記錄本，專門收集好的詞句，效果很好。這里列其中一些較簡單實用的，希望能對大家有所幫助（不過，建議同學們最好自己寫，自己收集，印象會深很多，每天花10分鍾過過，絕對值得。另外，我列的句子很有限，多半是骨架，大家要學會擴展，並且在記憶的時候多聯想一下。舉例來說，一篇你的文章，用心改一下，好好套用幾個句式，改些檔次較高的詞和片語，可以提高不少哦）：
一． 總結句型
1) ***in general/above all/with the result that/as a
result/consequently, ***
2) As far as I am concerned/as for me, ***
3) This truth above seems to be self-evident.
4) Whether we examine the ***above, such things can happens anywhere anytime to anyone.
5) In my point of view, I like/prefer A much more than B.
6) I still prefer A, however, for they teach me not only to be ***but also to be*** ，both in ***and in***.
7) There is no doubt that***
8) In order to make our world a better place in which to live we should efforts to***
9) To a large extent, ***, therefore, reflects***
10) If all above mentioned measures are achieved, ***
11) Wherever you are and whatever you do, ***is always meaningful.
12) So clear/evident/obvious it is that there are quite different opinions on it.
13) Now, which one do you prefer-----the one***or the one***? Were it left to me to select, I should not hesitated a moment to choose the former/latter.
二． 開首句型
1) Have you ever gone***? Have you ever been to***? If you have no
experience like these, your life is an inadequate one.
2) Are you***? Are you***? We are, usually.
3) In large part as a consequence of***, somebody have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on something.
4) We expect the day will come when A with its characteristic of***
5) Being adj. is one of the virtues that people must possess (not only in***but also in***/ring***/when***)
6) What A to B, that C to D
7) Currently, there is a widespread/serious concern over that***
8) The reasons for the***are manifold, for instance, ***
9) Several factors contribute to this***, such as***, as for as I』m concerned, however, ***is the most significant ingredient/element.
10) ***is more violent than what we thought it should be before.
11) There are intimate relations between the two.
三． 並列句型
1) Some people like A e to***. However, there are many young people, including me, especially like B.
2) There might be two reasons, I think***, for the change.
3) A and B are both important, they are attribute which are equally necessary for a person to achieve success in his life.
4) Different people have different attitudes towards***, some believe that***others, however, argue that***still others maintain that***
5) First***besides, in addition***what』s more***
6) For one thing***nevertheless, for another***
四． 轉折句型
1)***Such defects as mentioned above can be prevented by the other way of ***
2) Except for ***』s sake only.
3) Perhaps A is the wrong word, however, B might be better.
4) First***last but not least***
5) Shall we do this? Not necessary the case.
6) ***, and vice versa indeed .
7) On the contrary, in spite of these increase***
8) Compared with A, B has many advantages such as***
9) Not so much*** as he had talked about.
10) ***, the truth of the matter, however, is that***
11) For some, the way maybe right, nevertheless, for many others***
12) As everything going to the extreme has its negative aspects, so has***
13) It is fairly well know that***however, it is less know that***
14) ***, but this was not always the case.
15) At first, ***different in their opinions, on second thoughts, however, all of them agree to***
16) None the less(盡管如此)***
17) When people succeed, it is because of hard work, however, luck has a lot to do with it too.
18) ***, sometimes it isn』t totally the case, however.
19) Do some A else but B.
五． 名理句型
1) It is usually the case that ***
2) It is plain common sense---the more/less***the more/less***
3) The serious reality had taught us a lesson
: not being environment friendly will be avenged mercilessly.
4) As a proverb says/as is known to all/as a popular saying goes, ***
5) I can think of no better illustration than an English poem/adage which goes like this:***
6) The old story of***can serve as a good illustration that***
六． 強調句型
1) With/e to/spurred by***we can certainly cope with any task we are faced with, that is, ***
2) The reason why***is no other than***as I know.
3) The same thing is true with***
4) What I want to point out is that, for a person who wants to be successful in life and to be useful in society, he will have to learn to be both A and B.
5) What a wonderful picture? Especially for we students always swimming in the sea of books!
6) It』s high time that immediate measures were taken to better the strength and face the challenges.
7) Before everything else, ***is the secret of success.
七． 圖表句型
1) From the figures/statistics given in the table it can be seen/noticed that***
2) From the graph/table/diagram/chart above, we can see that***obviously.
3) As show in the chart/by the graph***
4) Have you ever anticipated the prospects of***in the coming decades? Let us just take a look at the figures of***as shown in the graph above.
5) The gap between***and***will be further widened.
6) In face of increasingly serious shortage of energy, we should take effective measures/which of the measures we should take?
7) It is clear that the increase of percentage gets greater and greater.
8) By***, the number of***had less/more than doubled/tripled compared with that of***
9) 短語：made up about***/the figure amounted to/will rise to/will reach/will double that/will tripled that
另外，文章結尾也很重要，它的作用是概括全文內容，進一步強調或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意義表達得更加深刻。
文章結尾的形式也是多種多樣的，常見的有以下幾種：
1．首尾呼應，畫龍點睛
在文章的結尾，把含義較深的話放在末尾，以點明主題，深化主題，起到畫龍點睛的效果。如"I Cannot Forget Her"
(我忘不了她)的結尾：
After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away, but I knew
she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people.
2．重復主題句
結尾回到文章開頭闡明的中心思想或主題句上，達到強調的效果。如「I Love My Home Town」(我愛家鄉)的結尾：
I love my home town, and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for
the good of our motherland.
3. 自然結尾
隨著文章的結束，文章自然而然地結尾。如「Fishing」(釣魚)的結尾：
I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing, we lay
down on the river bank, bathing in the sun. We returned home very late.
4．含蓄性的結尾
用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接點明作者的看法，而是讓讀者自己去領會和思考。如「A Day of Harvesting」(收割的日子)的結尾：
Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were
wet with sweat, but on every face there was a smile.
5．用反問結尾
雖然形式是問句，但意義卻是肯定的，並具有特別的強調作用，引起讀者深思。如 "Should We Learn to Do Housework?" (我們要不要學做家務?) 的結尾。
Everyone should learn to do housework. Don』t you agree, boys and girls?
6．指明方向，激勵讀者
結尾表示對將來的展望，或期待讀者投入行動。如「Let』s Go in for Sports」(讓我們參加體育運動)的結尾：
As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help
people to learn virtues and do their work bettter. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let』s go in for sports.
文章的結尾沒有一定的模式，可以根據表達主題的需要靈活創造。一般的習慣是，一些記敘文和描寫文經常採用自然結尾的方法；但說理性和邏輯性較強的說明文和議論文則往往都有結束語，以便使文章首尾呼應，結構完整。贊同9| 評論
⑤ 在高考英語寫作中，寫通知的格式是什麼
根據性質和使用范圍 ，又可分為規章、法規性通知(如《國務院關於發布〈工商企業登記管理條例〉的通知》)； 批轉、轉發性通知(如《國務院批轉民政部等部門關於扶持農村貧困戶發展生產治窮致富的 請示的通知》)；貫徹、周知性通知(如《勞動人事部關於設立「勞動保護科學技術進步獎」 的通知》)。
⑥ 高中英語作文中什麼情況下可以運用上非謂語動詞來表達呢請高手指點
從句中表時間、動作伴隨的情況下，都可以用非謂語動詞的！下面給你相關知識，希望有幫到你！要提高運用復雜句的能力，考生必須要攻克三個易錯點：一是主句與從句之間主謂結構混亂，造成主句缺謂語；二是沒有掌握關聯詞的用法，錯用、多用、漏用關聯詞；三是該使用簡單句的地方人為地復雜化，如可以用分詞或介詞短語來表達的，卻偏要用從句。 此外，簡單句用得太多，會造成文章讀起來乏味。在評卷員看來，同樣意思的內容，能夠運用比較復雜的句式結構來表達，當然會認為其運用語言的能力要比只會用簡單句來表達要強，評分自然就高。1．巧用非謂語動詞。運用非謂語動詞，可以使文句看起來更簡潔，使語言更加豐富多彩，重點更加突出，增加文采。如：I covered my ears, trying to keep the noises out, but failed. （2004年廣東卷）2．巧用with復合結構。「with＋名詞/ 代詞＋現在分詞/ 過去分詞/ 形容詞/ 副詞/ 介詞」結構，常作伴隨狀語以增加被描繪內容的生動性和情感性，使文章讀起來更簡潔明了。試以下兩個句子：I couldn』t go on studying because there was so much noise troubling me. （普通）I couldn』t go on studying with so much noise troubling me. （高級）2004年廣東卷3．巧用復合句。高考評分標准強調使用語法結構的數量和復雜性，鼓勵考生盡量使用教復雜的結構，並且對由此產生的錯誤採取了寬容的態度。如果恰當運用各類從句，就會使文章出彩。如2006年廣東卷：What』s more, people have easy access to the Internet, which enables them to send and receive e-mails whenever they like. （定語從句）4．巧用倒裝句、感嘆句、強調句、虛擬語氣句等。使用這些句式可使文章化平淡為生動，加強語氣，使評卷老師感受作者的強烈情感。如以下幾個句子：（倒裝句）Only in this way can Internet Bars be well used by people.（感嘆句）I thought, 「How hard mum is working! She must be very tired.」 5．巧用排山倒海句式。如能運用一個個排比句、對偶句、不定式或短語，可令文章增色不少，給評卷員眼前一亮的感覺。如：The purpose of the program are to make our school more beautiful, to make the air cleaner and fresher, and to turn our school into a better place for us to study and live in.
⑦ 高考英語寫作中的熱點話題有哪些
1.Traffic and Protecting Environment(交通與環保)
2015年11月，全國中東部地區17省市持續霧霾，陷入大范圍的重度和嚴重污染。造成這一現象的主要原因是工廠排出的廢氣和汽車尾氣等。綠色低碳，保護環境，從我們身邊小事做起。現請你根據以下三個方面的提示，以「Let』s Do Something to Save Our Environment」為題寫一篇80詞左右的短文。
內容包括：
1.重要性：只有一個地球。
2.主要問題：污染、疾病、災難。
3.措施：停止污染、保護大自然。
Let』s Do Something to save Our Environment
We all live on the earth. The earth is our home. We have only one earth. We must take care of it. It gives us the best environment. If we harm it, it will be angry. And then we will have a terrible end. There are three problems in our earth, they are pollution, disaster and illness.
It』s our ty to protect our environment. So we must plant more trees, protect the flowers and the trees, save energy, rece the pollution. We should ask our government to control the pollution from the factories.
Protecting the nature is very important. It』s our ty to keep our environment clean and tidy.
If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the earth will become much more beautiful.
2、The Popular Science Knowledge and Science Technology(科普知識與科學技術)
歷史上有很多發明，起著很重要的作用，其中一些改變了世界。依你之見，什麼是最重要的發明，並說明原因，也就是它起的作用(不少於三點)。80詞左右。
The Most Helpful Invention
There are a lot of inventions in the history. Some of them play an important role in people』s life and some have greatly changed the world. In my opinion, I think the most important invention is the car. First, people used to travel by train or by plane. But now, they can go any place by car. Second, when holiday comes, they can visit their family and friends by car. Third, they can also go to many places of interest to enjoy themselves.
In a word, I do agree that cars are the most important invention.
3 、The Environment around You(周圍的環境)
生活在社區里的孩子們生活單調：幾乎不認識周圍的鄰居，沒有兄弟姐妹。 社區負責人黃叔叔注意到這個問題，於是向大家徵集解決問題的建設性意見。假如你是Li Ping, 請你寫一篇80詞左右的郵件向他提出你自己的建議。
內容包括：
1.吸引孩子們參加上文提到的社區青年俱樂部並參加其組織的活動。
2.給孩子們提供一個娛樂交流的地方。
3.組織社區里的孩子參加清潔本小區的公益勞動
Dear Uncle Huang,
Thank you for reading my e-mail! I am living in this community. I don』t have any sister or brothers. I also have no friends here. Luckily, you want to help us. Here are my suggestions.
First, we can organize the children in this community to clean up our neighborhood. Through this activity, we can know each other and make new friends.
Second, I hope we can be offered a room to do homework, and then we can help and learn from each other.
Third, I think we can ask children to join our Youth Club. We can take part in a lot of interesting activities, such as holiday camps and discos, regular visit to the old people, evening parties and concerts. Our life will be fun and colourful.
Best wishes!
Yours truly,
Li Pin
4、 Relationship and Emotional Attitude(人際關系和情感態度)
現在社會普遍對90後有一些誤解，認為他們自私、無禮，所以不能很好地與人溝通，那麼，作為一名90後學生，你又是怎麼看待這個問題的呢? 請結合你自己和周圍同學的表現，分別列舉至少三條優點和兩條不足之處進行描述。
As students born after 1990, we have so many advantages. We are usually kind and helpful. When someone is in trouble, we always give him or her a hand. We are also active. We like to do sports and go traveling. Most of us can work hard in class and play happily after school. Besides, we are imaginative and creative. We always try something new and do everything differently.
On the other hand, we also have some disadvantages. Sometimes we can』t express our opinions in proper ways; sometimes we are a little over confident. And many students have no brothers or sisters, so they may do evthing for themselves. These problems may make us seem impolite, even we can』t communicate with others well. So it』s the most important for us to learn how to get on well with others.
5 、Interest and Hobby(興趣與愛好)
很多學校根據學生的愛好和興趣開展了許多有益的課外活動，請你根據以下提示，寫一篇不少於80字的短文。
內容包括：
1.列舉你們學校開展的三項課外活動。
2.介紹你對哪些活動感興趣，並說明原因，這些活動給你帶來的益處。3.為同學如何選擇課外活動提出兩個建議。
4.鼓勵同學們積極參加學校課外活動。
Nowadays, after-class activities are becoming more and more popular in schools. We also have many kinds of after-class activities in our school, such as English corner, playing basketball and swimming. I am interested in the English corner, because it can help me make some new friends there. If you also want to take part in after-class activities, I have some suggestions. You had better choose the activities which are good for you; you had better choose what you like.
Dear friends, please take part in after-class activities. I』m sure you will learn a lot and you will find it very interesting at the same time. Your school life will be colorful.
6 、Something Personal(個人情況)
你有沒有發現你的家人或你身邊的朋友也發生了變化?請你寫一篇文章介紹你的一位家人或朋友這幾年來的變化，包括外形、性格、喜好、生活方式等幾個方面的變化。80詞左右。
People sure change! My best friend, Mary has changed a lot in the last few years. She used to be fat but now she is thin. She used to have short hair but now she grows it long. She used to be really quiet but now she is outgoing. She used to spend a lot of time playing computer games, but now she has to study all day. She used to do morning exercises and some other activities every day, but now she is used to studying all the time and spend little time on her hobbies. In the evening, she used to watch TV with her family, but now she must go to bed early, because she has to get up early in the morning to read the text books.
Time goes by, it』s amazing how she』s changed and she is never a child.
7、Rece Pressure(減壓)
假設你們班要在下星期一舉行題為「The Ways for Students to Relax」的班會，請結合報道的內容。用英語寫一篇80字左右的發言材料。
內容包括：
1.簡要介紹造成現在學生學習壓力大的原因。2.你認為來自於English Online調查結果的放鬆方式是否有效，為什麼?
3.談談你個人自我放鬆的有效做法(至少三點)。
Dear fellows,
Not only alts but also we students often feel stressed because we have too much homework to do, and we are very busy studying every day, we don』t have our own time to do what we are interested in. We are very tired and sleepy all day, so we should learn to deal with it. What should we do to relax?
From the result of the survey, I think doing sports with classmates is a good way to relax. Because it』s good for our health and it can make us relaxed.
I also have three ways to relax ourselues. First, we can listen to music. Second, we can go to the movies with our parents on weekends. Don』t study at home all the weekend. Third, when we feel tired, we can think about something interesting.
I hope my suggestions can help you.
Thanks!
8、Family, Friends and the People around You(家庭、朋友與周圍的人)
假設你們班級即將召開以「感恩」為主題的班會，要求向大家介紹一下你最想向誰表達感恩之情，他或她為你做了什麼，你又將怎樣回報他或她的付出。請結合上文內容，以「Thank you, my…」為題寫一篇發言稿。
要求：
1.句子通順，語意連貫。
2.包括所有提示內容。
3.不少於80詞。
Thank You, My Mother
Wherever we are today, whatever we are, we owe it to our parents who have given and taught us so much, so we should thank them, especially, thank our mother. I think my mother is one of the best mothers in the world.
She is the busiest one in my family. She does chores for the family and cares about my study. She has taught me a lot. She does lots of things for me. But she never wants anythings in return.
How will I show my thanks to my mother? First, this year, I am going to give her a surprise birthday party and buy her a special present. Second, I』ll do well in school. Third, I』ll help her do housework when I』m free. I want to make her happy. In a word, I love my mother.
9、Shopping(購物)
人們的生活節奏越來越快，網上購物已經成為了大眾生活中不可缺少的一部分。
請你用Shopping Online為題寫一篇文章，說說你的看法：人們為什麼喜歡網上購物，網上購物有哪些優點和缺點。 (80詞左右。)
Shopping Online
Today, people are busy with their work and study and have little time to go shopping. So shopping online has become an important part in their lives. It is convenient and we can save much time. Besides, with all the traffic problems in cities, going shopping is not an easy thing. Just sit at a computer, click and choose, you can find all kinds of different things online. You can also compare with the prices. So you can buy something you like but not expensive.
However, shopping online can bring you some trouble. Sometimes, you will find that the things you get are different from those you can see online. And, the quality of the things are not so good. Even, you will be cheated by others.
So we should be careful to shop online.
10、Plans and Wishes(計劃與願望)
熱門話題——「中國夢」最近，你們班召開了以「我的中國夢」為主題的班會活動，每位同學都暢談了自己對中國夢的理解。請寫一篇日記，記述班會情況及自己的感受。
內容要點：
1.談談自己的夢想。
2.為什麼有這個夢想。
3.如何實現自己的夢想。
Everyone talked about his understanding of the Chinese Dream. We all believe that this dream will come true in the future. I also talked about my own dream. My dream is to be a doctor. Let me tell you why I have this dream? When I was in Grade Seven, I was sick and often went to see doctors. The doctors were very friendly to me and they often cheered me up. With the help of them, I was getting better. Now I』m very healthy. Since then I have hoped to become a doctor.
How will I make my dream come true? I will study hard to get good grades. I』ll read more books about medicine. I believe I』ll be a good doctor in the future.
⑧ 在高考英語寫作中使用如隱喻的修辭手法進行寫作會出問題嗎
你好，我是英語專業的學生，建議你在高考寫作中不要用隱喻。首先，在高版考中寫作盡量用自己有權把握的，其次，隱喻手法如果改卷老師看得不仔細的話很容易判錯的，還是最好用明喻吧像like,as，這樣很容易辨別，就不會出現老師看不懂或誤判的情況，因為高考改卷是大量的短時間內的，所以很多改卷老師是在幾秒種判斷這篇文章的分數的。最好別用哈。
⑨ I am look foreward to your reply 對還是錯錯的話，在高考英語作文中扣幾分正確的回句子是
正確的回句子是I am looking forward to your reply. 在高考英語作文中扣1分