1. 初一下學期英語作文3篇
My Family
This is a picture of my family.Look,the man is my father.The young
woman is my mother and the handsome boy is my little brother.Who is the girl?It's me.My father is a doctor.He work in a big hospital.My mother is a housewife.She do housework and cook meals everyday for me.And I am 13 years old this year.I am a student.I often do housework with my mother on weekend.And my little brother is 5 years old.He is very cute !!I like him very much.
So,we are happy family!
譯文：
這是一張我家的全家福。看，那個男人是我的爸爸。那個年輕的女人是我的媽媽。還有那個英俊的小男孩是我的弟弟。誰是那個女孩吶？哦。那是我。我爸爸是位醫生。他在一家大醫院裡面工作。我的媽媽是個家庭主婦。她每天為我們做家務和煮飯。我今年13歲了。我是個學生。我經常在周末幫我媽媽做家務。我的弟弟今年5歲了。他非常可愛！我非常喜歡她。
所以，我們的家庭是個非常快樂的家庭。
My Pet
I like animals,so I keep a cat as a pet.He is black white.He is very lovely.Every morning when it is time to get up,he sits in front of my bed and "Mew,mew".And then I am waken up.He is just like a alarm clock.And in the afternoon when it is time I get home from school,he just stands at the door to wait for me.This a special cat,he is a good friend more than an animal.
watermelon
watermelon is many people's favorite. it is sweet and it has a lot of water. watermelon has two colors, green outside and red inside. people usually have watermelons in summer. but nowadays we can eat watermelon every season in the year.
西瓜
西瓜是很多人喜歡的食物。它很甜而且水量多。西瓜的顏色，外面是綠的裡面是紅的。人們以往通常在夏天才吃西瓜，但現在一年的每個季節我們都可以吃到西瓜了。
I feel so happy when I am doing sports
Every one has his own way of rest.
Maybe the most popular way is doing a lot of sports.
I like doing sports very much.It helps me to be strong.
I like swimming.
So does my sister.
We often go swimming once a week in summer.
I think swim is very interesting.
The water is clean and not very cold.
While swimming, I feel I am flying in the sky!My sister likes to do sports outside,so swim is her favorite sport.
Swim is good for us,for we must exercise our arms and legs when swim. swimming once a week keeps doctor away.
How about you?What kind of sports do you like?
四個了
2. 初一下半學期英語期末作文
應該以過去時態為主，因為我回都考完答了
I had a holiday last summer. I went to London with my parents.London was a big city.We got there by plane.It took me about 9 hours.I took a taxi to our hotel.And I went to Hyde Park with my parents at fIrst,and I took lots of photos.Then,I visited British Museum.I saw many old things in the museum.I also saw Big Ben.Finally,we went swimming a lot.We spent two days there.
It was a short holiday,but it was also a great holday
3. 初一下學期英語作文 30篇 人教版
1.Traveling to Dalian
Summer holidday is coming.I have a good plan for it.My best friend Tony who is from Britain will spend the holiday with mw.Tom is 17 years old ,he like China very much.One week ago,I wrote him a letter,inviting him to come to Dalian for the holidays.Tony has accepted my invitation and will fly to Dalian next week.I will go to the airport to pick him up.Then we'll show him around the city.We'll go to the beach to watch the sea first.Then we'll visit some insteresing places.Tony will live in my house ring the holiday.I hope we'll have a good time.
2.My Summer Plan
I am glad that summer holiday is approaching.I'll be able to enjoy and relax myselve,which is not easy for me,a pre-graated student.In order to have a meanningful holiday,I made a plan.First,I would like to do some housework at home.such as cleaning the room， the dishes,watering the flowers.Then I am going to do some exercises,including ball games,running.Finally,I want to work at my study.I'll go over my lessons and pratise my English.
3. .Traveling to Dalian
Summer holidday is coming.I have a good plan for it.My best friend Tony who is from Britain will spend the holiday with mw.Tom is 17 years old ,he like China very much.One week ago,I wrote him a letter,inviting him to come to Dalian for the holidays.Tony has accepted my invitation and will fly to Dalian next week.I will go to the airport to pick him up.Then we'll show him around the city.We'll go to the beach to watch the sea first.Then we'll visit some insteresing places.Tony will live in my house ring the holiday.I hope we'll have a good time.
4.It was the first day of our winter holiday. All of us were very happy. Why? Because we have one months to do things we love to do. We are free. Although we have some homework. But we can finish them in several days. And the rest time we can make good use of. My god! We have been very tired after hard studying. In winter holidays, I want to have full sleep and eat good food in order to replenish myself. Last but not the least, I will have a good rest.
5.It was the second day of our winter holiday. I felt good. I felt I』m free. I had a lot of time to do things I like. My parents are in Beijing. So I live alone but I don』t feel lonely. But I didn』t do something special. I stayed at home and watched TV. Oh! I wrote an English daily composition. It was my homework. Today, I have slept for 14 hours. I thought I was very tired. It was time for dinner. I must go! I am very hungry.
6.It was the third day of our winter holiday. Today, there are many business in my mother』s company. So my mother told me to help my uncle who is the manager of my mother』s company. I sat in my mother』s office and help her answer the telephone. While I was free, I was writing my homework. Although I also have a lot of time to do my homework, I still do it. Because in my mother』s office, I had nothing to do. If I did nothing, I was wasting my time and my life. I can』t do the foolish thing. We should take good use of our time.
7.It is a special day today. My mother sent one hundred basket of red bayberries. I like to eat red bayberries. It tastes nice. When they arrived in Shanghai, they were still fresh. But most of them would be sent to my mother』s business friends. I chose the best basket of red bayberries to eat. I put the rest in my refrigerator. Red bayberry is my hometown』s special proct. It is well-known in china. Many people like to eat it.
8.Today, I still went to my mother』s office. My mother was very busy, so was my father. They always live in Beijing. They must get up early. Because they will manage the factory. So I know they are very laborious. So I should save my money. Also I should help them. Although I can』t do something useful, but I think I should share the work with them. I am one of my family member. In the future, I will take a job and work. It』 time for me to begin to learn how to work.
4. 初一下學期英語作文
1.my house
I have a big house.It beatiful.There is a living room and two big bedroom .one is mine .There is a bed in my bedroom .and there is a desk and a chair in my room.There is a tidy bear on my bed .I like my house very much
2.my family
There are four people in my family,my parents,my bother and I.My family is pretty good. I』m really happy.
My brother is shy and funny. He is good at sports and does well in volleyball.But he hates studying and his grades are bad. He like telling jokes. He always plays jokes on his friends and my family, and always makes us laugh.
My father is a doctor. He works in a hospital of Sanya. He doesn』t like watching TV, but he likes reading newspaper and read it every night.
My mother is a waitress. She works in a restaurant. She has good habits. She likes eating vegetables and drinking milk every day. But I don』t like milk. It is awful. She likes watching Beijing Opera at free time. She says it』s good for her to keep young and it can make her relaxed.
My families are always doing what is best for me.They are always on my side.
I love each person in my family. I love my sweet warm home.
3.my shool life
i go to school at 7 every morning. when i get to school, i have to do the cleaning with my classmates. and after that i have 4 lessons in the morning and 2 lessons in the afternoon. the school is over at about 4:30.
my favourite teacher is my science teacher. because he never scolds us. and of course my favourite subject is also science.
my maths is just a mess. i can't understand what the teacher is talking about. i don't know how to solve this problem.
anyway, i enjoy my school life
樓主,一定要給我分哦
5. 初一下學期的英語作文幫幫忙！！！寫兩篇，一篇是下面哪個，另一篇是陳老師要上英語公開課請同學們做好准
I am ten years old now, I am in a primary school, in my class, I have many friends. My friends and I get along with each other well, they will help me when I am in trouble. When the activity race comes, my class gets united and fight for the first place, I am so proud of my class, I have so many happy memories.
6. 初一下學期英語作文範文
I always feel tired after eight classes a day, so my dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. There are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We can choose our favorite lessons to learn. We can spend more time doing some outside reading. The students do after-school activities for one and a half hours every day. We needn』 do a lot of homework. We are all happy to stay at school.
Besides that, my dream school looks like a big garden. There are many kinds of flowers around the modern buildings. Sweet perfumes are diffused all around. If I want to have a rest, I can lie on the grass, listen to music by the lake or look out at the flowers from the classroom windows.
The teachers here are kind and helpful. They are not only our teachers but also our good friends. The students are polite and friendly. We all know how to keep our school clean and tidy. There is no litter around the campus.
I love my dream school. We will grow up to be happier there
7. 英語初一下學期作文
1.spring festival
The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back, becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the Spring Festival. Airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.
2.my friend
I have many good friends,Lily is one of the best.We play together since we two were very young. She is such a pretty girl that when people meet her,they always pat her little head and say,"Oh,how lovely!"Lily is also very brave.I remember one evening two weeks ago,mom sent me to buy some salt and sugar downstair.When I was back on the darksome stairway,I suddenly saw a black shadow behind me,was that a ghost?I was so frightened that I cried "God!"At that very moment,Lily come,she rush at the shadow and shouted to it loudly till it disappeared,then we ran home safely...
Maybe you have already get it,yes,Lily is my dog,--my best friend,I love her.
3.my houseing estate
We have just moved into a new flat， most people here living in their houses in the suburbs. Our house is big though it consists only two floors.
On the first floor there is the dining room， the lounge or sitting room， the kitchen and the hall. In the hall we set a stand for hats， coats and umbrellas. A staircase leads from the hall to the landing on the second floor； On this floor there are four bedrooms， a bathroom and a lavatory.
In front of the house we have a small garden in which we grow flowers： roses，tulips and some fruit trees. Thereis also a vegetable garden where we grow all kinds of vegetables， such as cabbages， cauliflowers， and tomatoes. We all know how to plant vegetables for my father was once a vegetable grower.
你還可以稍微改一下，我只能幫你這么多了。
8. 如何有效指導初中生英語寫作
一、詞不離句日積月累
文章是由句子組成的，而句子是由片語成的，如果學生掌握了造句的技巧，把句子組成短文，寫作的難度就會降低了。所以本著「詞不離句」的原則，教師可在日常教學中不斷對學生進行造句訓練。比如每完成一新課的教學就讓學生用新單詞口頭造句，熟悉新單詞的詞性及用法，如學習teach--IteachyouEnglish./Heteachesusmaths.課後再讓學生把Usefulexpressions每個造兩個句子寫在作業本上，這樣日積月累、熟能生巧，學生不僅鞏固了所學詞彙，掌握了它們的用法，也對英漢句子結構的差異有所感悟和了解，這就為寫作打下了堅實的基礎。
二、口頭領先活躍思維
寫作有持續性的特點，要多練才能生巧，可師生的時間都有限，怎麼解決這一問題？群口作文無疑是不錯的選擇。教師可在授課過程中盡可能多地創造機會讓學生口頭練習表達一個話題，讓學生做到「句不離文」。
口頭作文訓練形式有很多，如：課前值日報告、輪流講故事、話題討論、看圖說話、英語角等等，教師可根據實際情況選擇使用。
我是這樣訓練學生進行話題討論的。如初一上學期學習對人物的介紹，我讓一個學生站起來，讓大家自由發問以了解她/他的基本情況，如「Howoldareyou?Howtallareyou?What』syourfavouritecolour?What』syourfavouritefood?Doyoulikesports?Whatdoyouoftendoafterclass??」我把這些基本信息板書在黑板左側，再讓大家以「MyBestFriend」為題對此學生進行描述，先讓學生分四人小組討論我們所學的哪些句子能用上，再找部分學生每人說一句，把大家所說組織成短文板書在黑板上，最後在用詞、句式、語法等方面加以指導，周末讓學生描寫自己的好友時，他們就駕輕就熟了。再如初一下學期學習有關節日的話題時，我給出一個題目「MyFavouriteFestival」,圍繞這個題目我給出四個節日，如：theSpringFestival,Christmas,theChildren』sDay,theMid-autumnDay，讓四個大組每組討論描述其中的一個節日，還是採用四人小組合作學習法，然後要求他們在課後寫成短文，最後張貼在「WritingGuard」,讓他們互相學習借鑒。
根據教學需要還可對學生適當進行擴展訓練。如Lesson49ofBook1學習季節的描述時，我展示winter和spring的圖片，從問天氣入手，引導學生嘗試描述這兩幅圖，描述的過程中教學生學習月份的單詞，最後要求學生把剛才所說的串成短文。
eg.winterNowit'swinter.Therearethreemonthsinwinter.TheyareDecember,JanuaryandFebruary...TheSpringFestivalisinwinter.Wecanhavefun.
這樣讓一個、多個或全班學生參與口頭表達一個內容，採用合作學習法，發動學生集思廣義，激發學生的參與意識和創造意識，即訓練了學生的聽說能力，又活躍了學生的寫作思維，增強了他們的寫作興趣，培養了他們的寫作信心。
三、例文導析心領神會
請大家回憶一下，我們小時候初學寫語文作文時，是不是一個模仿的過程？老師告知我們：多讀多練，就可提高。英語和漢語都是語言，語言的學習是相通的，英語初學階段作文練習也是一個模仿的過程，學生需要教師給他們展示一些範文，教給他們一些寫作的基本方法，引導他們學會如何思考，如何表述，這樣他們才知道如何入手，才對自己去寫作有信心。鑒於此，在平時練習中，我們可把一些課文、練習題中的完形填空和閱讀理解的部分有代表性的文章當作文範文讓學生分析，分析文章的主題、描述的順序、段落的劃分、採用的時態、特殊句式的運用、過渡詞的使用等，讓他們觀察總結別人是怎樣描述組織的，跟教材內容相關的文章就讓學生仿寫。
若時間有限，可把一篇文章的順序打亂，讓學生加上適當的過渡詞重新組織，以感受文章的連貫性。這樣練下去學生就不再對寫作有畏難情緒，寫作對學生也不再是空中樓閣，而是有例可依，有文可仿，既提高了學生寫作的積極性和准確性，也可讓學生養成觀察總結的良好習慣。
四、指導審題掌握技巧
除了讓學生堅持寫作練習，訓練學生養成好的寫作習慣也至關重要。首先要強調學生認真審題，初中英語作文的形式大致可分四類：看圖作文、命題作文、材料作文、感想作文，讀題後看這屬於哪類作文，明確題目有那些要求，考慮如何開頭、如何結尾、如何組織信息點、如何過渡，這是寫好英語作文的關鍵。然後在平時口頭練習的基礎上，讓學生掌握最基本的寫作步驟和寫作技巧。
1.寫作步驟
第一步：認真審題，確定文體和時態，細讀要點，清楚詞數要求。
第二步：確定文章層次，要點描寫全面，適當過渡，不要太過隨意發揮。
第三步：先打草稿，通讀修改後再抄寫，字跡必須要工整。
2.寫作技巧
學生認真審題後，常規情況要總體把握，要點描述要齊全，不能有遺漏；正確選擇使用人稱時態，邏輯要清楚；組詞成句，語法要正確；組句成文，過渡要自然，要有條理有層次；遇到不會寫或沒學過的詞，找學過的同義詞代替，或者換個表達方式；訓練學生適當使用從句。熟能生巧，只要我們堅持要求學生每次完成寫作練習時都要按照這些寫作技巧去做，學生的寫作技巧就能提高。
初學一門外語，運用過程中錯誤是難免的，有些學生出的錯是我們所料不及的，所以教師對學生的作文進行點評也很重要。學生交的作文我們要及時批閱並及時總結，表揚寫得好的作文或句子，指出普遍存在的問題，並找出一些代表性的句子讓學生改錯，一減少類似錯誤的重復出現，隨後展示好的作文和一些佳句，可裝訂成冊也可在教室牆上開辟一個「優秀寫作園地」，把寫的好的作文張貼出來，讓學生互相學習，不斷改進。
總之，英語寫作的訓練是一個持久的循序漸進的過程，只有持之以恆才會成效顯著。
9. 初一下學期所有的英語作文
英語作文 英語作文的基本要求：
首先，一個段落必須有一個中心即主題思想，該中心由主題句特別是其中的題旨來表達。整個段落必須緊扣這個主題（stick or hold to the topic），這就是段落的統一性（unity）。其次，一個段落必須有若干推展句，使主題思想得到充分展開，從而給讀者一個完整的感覺，這就是完整性（completeness or adequateness）。再者，一個段落不是雜亂無章的，而是有機的組合，句子的排列順序必須合乎邏輯，從一個句子到另一個句子的過渡必須流暢（smooth），這就是連貫性（coherence）。下面我們就對這三個標准分別加以說明。
1、統一性
一個段落內的各個句子必須從屬於一個中心，任何游離於中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。請看下例：
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主題句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country。文中出現兩個irrelevant sentences，一個是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，這一段是講的是Joe and I ，中間出現一個Bella是不合適的。還有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner這一句更是與主題句不相關。再看一個例子：
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有兩個irrelevant sentences，一個是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一個是My mother was a premature baby。
從上面兩個例子可以看出，native speakers同樣會造出來irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果這種句子多了，造成偏題或離題，那問題就更嚴重了。
2、完整性
正象我們前面說得那樣，一個段落的主題思想靠推展句來實現，如果只有主題句而沒有推展句來進一步交待和充實，就不能構成一個完整的段落。同樣，雖然有推展句，但主題思想沒有得到相對圓滿的交待，給讀者一種意猶未盡的感覺。這樣的段落也不能完成其交際功能。例如：
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work —— you proce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主題句是段首句。本段的兩個推展句均不能回答主題句中提出的問題。什麼是「a mind in turmoil」（心境不平靜）Physical work又如何能改變這種情況？為什麼它能起therapy的作用？讀者得不到明確的答案。因此，要達到完整就必須盡可能地簡明。例如：
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表達的主題思想是一種看法，必須有具體事例加以驗證。上述兩個推展句只是在文字上對主題作些解釋，整個段落內容空洞，簡而不明。如果用一兩個具體的例子的話，就可以把主題解釋清楚了。比如下段：
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming "Help"?
3、連貫性（coherence）
連貫性包括意連和形連兩個方面，前者指的是內在的邏輯性，後者指的是使用轉換詞語。當然這兩者常常是不可分割的。只有形連而沒有意連，句子之間就沒有內在的有機的聯系；反之，只有意連而沒有形連，有時行文就不夠流暢。
1）、意連
段落中句子的排列應遵循一定的次序，不能想到什麼就寫什麼。如果在下筆之前沒有構思，邊寫邊想，寫寫停停，那就寫不出一氣呵成的好文章來。下面介紹幾種常見的排列方式。
A．按時間先後排列（chronological arrangement）
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段從「rose」（起床）寫起，然後是吃早餐（「not to miss breakfast」, 「closing at nine o'clock」），然後是「close to noon」，一直寫到這一天結束（「By nine——」）。
B. 按位置遠近排列（spatial arrangement）。例如：
From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的寫法是由遠及近，從遠處（「from a distance」）寫起，然後「get closer」，再到（「ten feet away」），最後是「inside the pagoda」……當然，按位置遠近來寫不等於都是由遠及近。根據需要，也可以由近及遠，由表及裡等等。
C. 按邏輯關系排列（logical arrangement）
a. 按重要性順序排列（arrangement in order of importance）
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
這一段談的是表達能力，它的重要性與職業，身份有關，從「not need much skill」或「of little importance」到「more important」，最後是「most important」。
b.由一般到特殊排列（general-to-specific arrangement）
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
這一段談的是a writer's carelessness，先給出一個general statement作為主題句，然後通過5個 」perhaps」加以例證。
c. 由特殊到一般排列（specific-to-general arrangement）
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主題句是段首句，它僅提出一個問題：為什麼兩只貓會被搞混。然後對兩者進行比較，末句才下結論。
2）、形連
行文的邏輯性常常要靠適當的轉換詞語及其他手段來實現。請讀下面這一段文字並找出文中用以承上啟下的詞語：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, ring his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graate on schele. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上啟下的詞語有兩種，一種是轉換詞語（transitional words or phrases），另一種是起轉換作用的其他連接手段（linking devices）。前者依次有：first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.後者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有詞彙105個，所使用的轉換詞語及其他連接用語共26個詞，約占該段總詞彙量的四分之一。由此可見，掌握好transitions不僅對行文的流（smoothness）有益，而且對於學生在半個小時內寫120個詞也是不無好處的。
一個段落里如果沒有transitions也就很難有coherence了.我們看下面一個例子：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句開頭出現一個起過渡作用的」it」之外，沒有使用其他的過渡詞語.這樣，文中出現許多重復的詞語，全段讀起來也顯得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的過渡詞語來修飾的話，這一段就成了下面一個流暢連貫的段落：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences．
4、有損連貫性的幾種情況：
考生在寫作中經常出現下面幾種錯誤：
1、不必要的改變時態，比如：
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
2、不必要的改變單復數，比如：
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3、不必要的改變人稱，比如：
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此寫作中，一定要注意時態，人稱以及數的變化是否正確，要注意保持一致。
英語作文的書寫格式
英文書寫應符合書寫規范，英文字母要寫清楚、寫整齊、寫美觀，字母的大小和字母之間的距離要勻稱。書寫應做到字形秀麗漂亮，通篇勻稱和諧。
寫英文字母要掌握正確筆順。如字母i，應該先寫下面的部分，然後再打點。有的學生卻按寫漢字的習慣從上到下寫，寫快了，就會把點和下面的十筆連在量起，顯得十分別扭。字形t應為兩筆。不少人卻將兩筆合成一筆，看上去不像t，倒像l或是e，難以辨認。另外，把r寫成v，把q寫成把g，把k寫成h等等，都是中學生書寫中常見的毛病。
不少人在四線三格的練習紙上書寫尚有規矩，能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求書寫，但在白紙或橫線紙上書寫，卻顯得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下，或一律寫成同一高度，占上中兩格的字母與佔中下兩格的字母完全沒有高低之別。這些現象都要防止。
另外，書寫時還要注意詞與詞之間要保持一定的距離，不能緊靠在一起。字母之間的連寫也應該按照習慣，不能隨意亂來。
在一篇字數有限的作文里，我們還要注意盡量不把一個單詞拆開移行。萬一要移行，則必須以音節為單位進行，如revolution這個詞，依照音節移行的原則可以按re-，revo-, revolu-這幾種方法移行。在移行時，我們還應特別注意以下幾點:
1. 單音節詞不能移行，即使是字母較多的單音節詞，如through等也不能例外。
2．縮略詞如Mr.，Dr.等不能和後面的名字拆開移行。
縮略的專用名詞如U．K.，U．S．A等也不能拆開移行。
3．時間、量度及貨幣單位應視為一個整體；不能分開移行。如；
11：00P.M.應寫在一行內，不能將11：00和P．M．分開移行；寫38℃時，不能將36和C分開移行。
4．由「年、月、日」表示的日期，如果必須分開移行只能將「月、日」與「年」分開。如January 6，1980不能將January和6分開移行，但可以把January 6，和1980分成兩行。
5．含雙寫輔音字母的單詞，在移行時要將輔音字母拆開。如better可拆成better，necessary可拆成necessary。
但如果雙寫輔音字母屬於詞根，後面又加了後綴，就不能將兩個輔音字母拆開。如drill加上-ing後構成了drilling，就不可以將它拆成成dril-ling，而只能拆為drilling。