『壹』 請以高中英語新課程創新教學設計中創新教學材料的第四篇文章Big Fish, Big Adventure為教材設計一份閱讀課
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『貳』 高一英語寫作課教案中的教學目標怎麼寫
Teaching Aims
1.To get the students to appreciating remarks on friendship or friends.
2.To enable the students to write a short story about friends or friendships.
Teaching Proceres
Step 1 Discussion
Now, I found 500 pounds in Roy』s pocket. Did Roy steal the money from the charity? Someone says 『yes』, someone says 『no』. If Roy did steal the money from the charity, shall I tell the teacher or call the police? If Roy didn』t steal the money, what should I do?
Discuss it in groups of four .
Collect answers from students. Draw a conclusion; whether Roy stole the money or not, we help him all the same. Because we』re friends. Friends are the ones we can get help from and we can trust.
In this unit, we have talked a lot about friends and friendship, knowing the importance of friends. And what do you think of a friend or friendship?
How to keep friendship?List good qualities and bad qualities a friend may have.
Suggested answers:
Good qualities:
hospitable considerate enthusiastic friendly kind polite honest loyal brave positive optimistic smart intelligent modest generous determined responsible mature
Bad qualities:
dishonest unfriendly dishonest rude impolite selfish lazy careless pessimistic Brainstorming:
Step 2 Writing
Describe a problem you had with a friend and give advice on how to keep friends.
Suggested expressions:
close, trust, chat, be on good terms, get on very well, keep in touch, get to know, personal matters, be similar to , considerate, warm hearted, honest,
一些有關友誼的名言警句如:
On friends and friendship:
A true friend is one soul in two bodies. (---Aristotle)
A friend in need is a friend indeed. (---Ray)
Be slow in choosing a friend; slower in changing.(---Benjamin Franklin)
A friend is a present which you give yourself. (---Robert Louis Stevenson)
Fate chooses your relatives, you choose your friends. (---Abbe Jacques Deille)
A faithful friend is the medicine of life. (---William Shakespeare)
The bird a nest, the spider a web, man friendship.(---William Blake)
We choose our friend by instinct, but we keep them by judgment. (---Alfred Capus)
Friendship is love without his wings. (---George Gordon Byron)
True friendship is a plant of slow growth.(---George Washington)
Sample:
Friendship is one of the most valuable relationship in our lives, it may even last through you whole life. I have a good friend. Sometimes I argue with my friend. For example, once we discussed a problem of our homework, as we held different ideas and wanted to persuade each other, we argued a lot. However, after we found the correct answer, the one that was wrong apologized at once. No matter how often we quarreled and what we quarreled for, we are good friends for ever.
My favourite proverb says ' friend are like stars, you don』t always see them, but you know they re always there.' Thats true, indeed friends are willing to help you all the time. When you are down ,friends raise you up with their hearts .When you lose your way, friends guide you and pull you to the right way. When you have sorrow to complain of, friends are always the best ears for you.
So please cherish your friends, because everyone of them is unique and precious. Getting along with friends is just like growing plants. We must use patience, trust, and honesty as fertilizer to make friendship stonger. And never forget ,plants need sunshine, so do friends. Often give them some warm and you will find your hearts are getting closer.
Friendship stands on both sides , so the more you give and the more you will get . Remember, the key is your sincere heart.
Step 3 Promotion and Homework
1)Assign another writing task based on the following information:
What do you think of a friend or friendship?
How to keep friendship?
2) Instruct the students to write and revise by themselves.
3) Let the students hand in their final copies.
4) Select some good samples to read to the whole class.
Suggested sample:
Friendship is the most important things in life. Good friend would like to help you when you met some troubles. Real good friends could put each other in their hearts. Real friendship is like the spring rivers flowing down the mountains, silently. Everybody is looking forward to meeting real friends.
How to find real friendship and keep it? I think it is like you planting a big tree. You should choose good seeds and take care of it to make it grow. Almost the same thoughts between each other is on base. Maybe fight also will happen. How to do? To make real friend, you don't be shy to explain your thoughts to the other. Try your best to keep friendship forever. It is necessary to tell the truth and respect each other.
教學實施過程:
針對學生這樣的實際情況,並受任務型教學法啟示「任務型教學理論實際上就是建立在討論或交流教學思路的基礎上的,是交流教學思路的一種發展形態,英語教學要以學生為中心,教師要為學生設計運用語言的環境,通過大量的交流活動總結和掌握語言的規律,並在交流活動中實踐,從而達到目的.」我對每模塊後的書面表達內容的教學作了調整,這樣處理:即把寫作課變成討論和寫作並存的活動課,並在活動課中備有相關的多媒體內容或音樂,使學生在真切愉快的情景中搜集寫作素材,完成寫作內容,最後達到激發學生寫作興趣,提高寫作技能並促進其他幾種技能的效果。具體教學過程如下:
第一步,確定題目後,教師啟發學生思考,回憶寫作中所需要的相關詞彙,必要時通過多媒體展示相關內容,然後教師在黑板上進行總結或藉助多媒體把關鍵詞語呈現給學生.例如外研版教材Book6 Mole3 Interpersonal relationship___ Friendship,該模塊的寫作任務講述朋友之間所產生的矛盾問題,並提出建議如何保持友誼:Describing a problem you had with a friend and giving advice on how to keep friends教師可先展示一些有關友誼或本班同學相處的圖片、幻燈片、音樂等,以激發學生的學習興趣。然後教師可引導學生說說自己的好朋友,盡可能用到本模塊所學過的詞彙:close, trust, chat, be on good terms, get on very well, keep in touch, get to know, personal matters, be similar to, considerate, warmhearted, honest, 等等。
第二步,分組討論(均勻分配不同程度的學生),要求學生圍繞寫作話題藉助有關詞彙,人人動口,積極思維:1.Who is your good friend? 2. How do you become good friends? 3. Have you ever quarreled with each other? 4.What』s the problem? 5. Have you made up? 6. What should you do to keep your friendship? 等, 並讓學生各抒己見,提供出不同的詞語句型,如1.I』ve known him/her for ... 2.We first met six years ago...I remember meeting him/her for the first time 3.We have much in common. 4. I not only...but also... 5.I suggest that... 6.Why not...? 7.Can』t we ...? 8. What about...? 9. Friendship is both... and... 10. If we... , we can...等也可提供一些有關友誼的名言警句如:On friends and friendship:
A true friend is one soul in two bodies. (---Aristotle)
A friend in need is a friend indeed. (---Ray)
Be slow in choosing a friend; slower in changing. (---Benjamin Franklin)
A friend is a present which you give yourself. (---Robert Louis Stevenson)
Fate chooses your relatives, you choose your friends. (---Abbe Jacques Deille)
A faithful friend is the medicine of life. (---William Shakespeare)
The bird a nest, the spider a web, man friendship. (---William Blake)
We choose our friend by instinct, but we keep them by judgment. (---Alfred Capus)
Friendship is love without his wings. (---George Gordon Byron)
True friendship is a plant of slow growth.(---George Washington)
同時教師提醒學生在討論中盡量使用正確的時態、語態並用英語交流。這一步也是學生英文寫作收集寫作素材的過程。教師可參考與到各個組中,幫助學生解決疑難問題,並根據不同的寫作內容和各小組的實際水平適當給他們提供一些新的詞彙,同時鼓勵那些平時不善於言談的學生開口交流和幫助基礎較差的學生。通過不斷的教學實踐,我發現:在這種活動或情景之下,學生無拘無束,大膽熱烈討論,加之教師的指導,寫作的素材自然獲得不少。最後每組選一位代表執筆完成書面表達,並在時間允許內在全班朗讀;
第三步,教師進行總結歸納: Friendship is a kind of human relations. It is a human instinct to make friends. When in trouble, we need friends to offer us help, support and encouragement. With success achieved, we also need friends to share our joys. .Long live friendship! 同時再次強調寫作中所需的時態、語態和學生寫作過程中容易犯的錯誤等關鍵問題。而後要求學生課後完成各自的寫作內容並上交作業。
第四步,作文評價是個意義重大的環節,可採用以下評價機制,包括學生自評→學生互評→教師評價→全班反饋→範文共賞五個環節。
學生參與情況:
運用這種教學方式,我所教的班級學生普遍反映:這種討論和寫作的方式更適合他們,因為氣氛活躍,讓人覺得輕松,通過小組的討論、互相幫助和老師的指引,較容易搜集到寫作素材,而且參考小組素材再結合自己的觀點,就更容易下手寫作了。每個小組都能寫出較為優秀的文章,而且,學生完成作業情況非常好,能充分運用課上所講的相關詞彙和表達方式,有些同學的文章寫得相當好,可以作為範文展示學習。總而言之,這種寫作教學法既激發了學生的寫作興趣,又提高了他們的口語表達能力,同時還培養了他們的群體合作精神,而且也達到了師生互動交流。
『叄』 如何在高中英語新課程標准下搞好課時目標教學設計
在英語教學中,教學目標是否合理,直接決定著教學的成效。教學目標是課堂教學的核心和靈魂,是課堂教學的根本出發點及歸宿,它具有導向、調控、激勵、評價等諸多功能。因此,教學目標設計的有效性顯得十分重要。但筆者在多次聽課、調研中發現,目前仍有部分教師在課堂教學目標的設計方面存在著目標虛設、目標錯位等現象,導致了課堂教學活動的無序、隨意,甚至造成低效、負效的結果。那麼,如何才能有效避免這些問題,增強課堂教學目標設計的有效性?下面,筆者將結合具體的教學案例,分析教學目標設計中普遍存在的問題,並提出相應的建議。
一、目標虛設的問題
目標虛設就是我們常說的假、大、空,甚至等於目標缺失,目標虛設往往造成教學目的的不明確,從而導致課堂教學的低效。
案例一:以人教版《新目標英語》八年級(下冊)Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park? Section A部分的教學目標設計為例。
1. 知識目標
學習單詞:Section A— space museum, amusement park, aquarium, boat, water park, theme park, neither;
Yes, I have. / No, I haven』t.
I』ve (never)been to a water park.
Me neither. / Me too. / So have I.
2. 能力目標:使學生能熟練地談論所去的地方。
分 析:在對知識目標進行描述時,該案例中用了「學習、掌握」這類表述比較籠統的詞,一定程度上造成了教學目標的虛設,由於目標表述語的不明確,學生不知道學習和掌握知識的具體程度。教學目標是教學目的、任務的具體化。明確的目標表述語可增加教學目標的操作性,有效避免目標虛設的問題。建議教師盡量准確運用「了解、知道、理解、聽懂、會讀、會寫、掌握、運用」等行為動詞。如對知識目標可以這樣來描述:學會……生詞;了解……生詞的漢語意思,並能正確讀出其英語發音;能聽懂含有……的對話。
該案例中教師對能力目標的表述也比較模糊,其表述語為「使學生能熟練地談論所去的地方。」存在的問題為:(1)這樣的表述語太籠統,學生不清楚要運用何種語言項目去完成該活動。(2)表述語不準確,不是談論所去的地方,而是談論去過或到過哪裡。(3)以何種形式談論,是Pairwork還是Groupwork?教師可以這樣表述:能用本課所學的「Have you ever been to … ? 」及答語Yes, I have. / No, I haven』t. 及I』ve (never)been to … Me neither. / Me too. / So have I.」和同伴或小組成員間相互詢問(從未)去過哪裡及表述(從未)去過哪裡。這樣的目標表述比較具體,學生能正確運用所學的語言。因此,教學目標一定要落實到具體語言學習上,尤其要具體到某一語言項目的運用上。
二、目標錯位的問題
目標錯位即標准誤導,容易導致教學結果偏離方向。造成目標錯位的主要原因往往是由於教師語言表述不當或定位本身出現偏差。下面是一位教師對人教版《新目標英語》(七年級下冊)Unit 7 What does he look like? 單元進行復習鞏固而設計的課堂教學目標。
案例二:對教學目標的分析
知識目標: 復習、鞏固對人的身高、體重、發型、面部特徵及著裝特點的描述。學生能夠熟練運用以下句型,如:
stop doing / to do /love to tell jokes/have a new look /a little bit /the captain of…/the girl with long hair /What does he look like? He is medium height/build./He has long curly black hair.
分 析:該案例在知識目標中有這樣的描述語:「……能夠熟練運用。」很明顯,這是對學生實際運用所學知識的能力要求,應屬於技能和能力目標的范疇,而該教師把對能力目標的描述語用在了對知識目標的描述中,造成知識目標和能力目標的混淆。鞏固復習課的目標之一是對學生已學知識的查漏補缺,幫助學生夯實已學知識。因此,明確、到位的知識目標是非常必要的。知識目標應是對所復習知識提出的具體的、細化的要求。教師可以這樣描述知識目標:(1)掌握下列有關人的身高、體重、發型、面部特徵及著裝特點詞彙的音、形、性、意(列出教科書上的黑體詞);( 2)熟練說出並能正確寫出下列表達法:What does he look like? He is medium ...等。這樣,學生對所學詞、組、句的掌握程度就比較清楚了。案例三:
人教版《新目標英語》八年級(下冊)某一單元Reading部分第一課時教學目標設計的陳述及課堂上師生表現情況的描述。
筆者第一次在八年級教學時,為了讓學生讀懂單元末的長篇閱讀,備課時做了大量的工作:把所有學生可能不懂的單詞、片語、長難句型統統列為教學目標。單詞釋義和片語造句等都翻遍詞典尋求最佳解釋和最佳例句,以為給學生最大的幫助和最佳的學習途徑,提高學生學習效率和課堂教學效率,結果卻事與願違:課堂上,筆者辛苦地講課,學生認真地記筆記,但看得出他們很被動、毫無趣味。詞語講解和練習剛進行了一半,下課鈴就響了。那一瞬間,筆者無奈、困惑並思考著這節課失敗的原因。分 析:
從該案例中陳述的教學目標不難看出:該節課失敗的主要原因是目標設定產生偏差,即該教師將知識目標設定成了該節課的主要教學目標,導致知識目標和技能目標設置的錯位。結果導致教學目標即閱讀的技能目標沒有實現,知識目標也未完成。
人教版《新目標英語》從八年級(下冊)開始,每單元後都有Reading的主要教學目標「讀。」教學中通常用兩個課時來完成,而這兩個課時的目標定位各有側重。第一課時,教師應把主要目標定位在對學生閱讀技能的培養上。教師備課時,應准確定位閱讀課的「微技能」目標,以便在課堂上對學生進行有效的閱讀策略指導。如:引導學生學會如何運用skimming,scanning等閱讀方式進行快速閱讀,如何找出文章的主題句等,如何進行猜詞等。在關注意義理解的基礎上,進一步關注語篇的結構,引導學生掌握閱讀技巧,幫助學生養成良好的閱讀習慣,使其閱讀理解能力不斷得到提高。第二課時的教學目標可側重於知識目標的達成。需要注意的是,教師為依據課標的相應要求確定知識點,切不可遇點就講,見點就練。.要注意引導學生在語篇(境)中感知、歸納語言知識,體現學生主體地位,充分發揮其學習的主動性。
總之,要真正發揮教學目標的有效作用,關鍵在於教學目標的有效設計。教師在教學中要學會換位思考,將自己置身於學生所處的位置,並讓學生去經歷、感覺學習的過程,這樣才能夠提高英語課堂教學目標設計的有效性,培養學生的自學能力,提高其綜合語言運用能力。
『肆』 高中英語新課程教學設計與評析的編輯推薦
本書是《走進課堂普通高中新課程教學設計與評析叢書》系列之一的版《高中英語新課權程教學設計與評析》,書中主要內容是針對高中英語新課程教學內容所設計的教學案例。案例結構包括:教材分析與學情分析、教學目標確定等板塊。
適合作為高中新課程實驗區教師培訓教材,也適合關注高中課程改革的教研人員閱讀參考。主要內容是針對高中英語新課程教學內容所設計的教學案例。案例結構包括:教材分析與學情分析、教學目標確定、教學重難點解析、教學過程設計、教學反思等板塊。作者力圖通過20餘個來自課改一線教師的鮮活教學案例,引發對新課程教學中實際問題的研究和思考。