⑴ 高一英語寫作課教案中的教學目標怎麼寫
Teaching Aims
1.To get the students to appreciating remarks on friendship or friends.
2.To enable the students to write a short story about friends or friendships.
Teaching Proceres
Step 1 Discussion
Now, I found 500 pounds in Roy』s pocket. Did Roy steal the money from the charity? Someone says 『yes』, someone says 『no』. If Roy did steal the money from the charity, shall I tell the teacher or call the police? If Roy didn』t steal the money, what should I do?
Discuss it in groups of four .
Collect answers from students. Draw a conclusion; whether Roy stole the money or not, we help him all the same. Because we』re friends. Friends are the ones we can get help from and we can trust.
In this unit, we have talked a lot about friends and friendship, knowing the importance of friends. And what do you think of a friend or friendship?
How to keep friendship?List good qualities and bad qualities a friend may have.
Suggested answers:
Good qualities:
hospitable considerate enthusiastic friendly kind polite honest loyal brave positive optimistic smart intelligent modest generous determined responsible mature
Bad qualities:
dishonest unfriendly dishonest rude impolite selfish lazy careless pessimistic Brainstorming:
Step 2 Writing
Describe a problem you had with a friend and give advice on how to keep friends.
Suggested expressions:
close, trust, chat, be on good terms, get on very well, keep in touch, get to know, personal matters, be similar to , considerate, warm hearted, honest,
一些有關友誼的名言警句如:
On friends and friendship:
A true friend is one soul in two bodies. (---Aristotle)
A friend in need is a friend indeed. (---Ray)
Be slow in choosing a friend; slower in changing.(---Benjamin Franklin)
A friend is a present which you give yourself. (---Robert Louis Stevenson)
Fate chooses your relatives, you choose your friends. (---Abbe Jacques Deille)
A faithful friend is the medicine of life. (---William Shakespeare)
The bird a nest, the spider a web, man friendship.(---William Blake)
We choose our friend by instinct, but we keep them by judgment. (---Alfred Capus)
Friendship is love without his wings. (---George Gordon Byron)
True friendship is a plant of slow growth.(---George Washington)
Sample:
Friendship is one of the most valuable relationship in our lives, it may even last through you whole life. I have a good friend. Sometimes I argue with my friend. For example, once we discussed a problem of our homework, as we held different ideas and wanted to persuade each other, we argued a lot. However, after we found the correct answer, the one that was wrong apologized at once. No matter how often we quarreled and what we quarreled for, we are good friends for ever.
My favourite proverb says ' friend are like stars, you don』t always see them, but you know they re always there.' Thats true, indeed friends are willing to help you all the time. When you are down ,friends raise you up with their hearts .When you lose your way, friends guide you and pull you to the right way. When you have sorrow to complain of, friends are always the best ears for you.
So please cherish your friends, because everyone of them is unique and precious. Getting along with friends is just like growing plants. We must use patience, trust, and honesty as fertilizer to make friendship stonger. And never forget ,plants need sunshine, so do friends. Often give them some warm and you will find your hearts are getting closer.
Friendship stands on both sides , so the more you give and the more you will get . Remember, the key is your sincere heart.
Step 3 Promotion and Homework
1)Assign another writing task based on the following information:
What do you think of a friend or friendship?
How to keep friendship?
2) Instruct the students to write and revise by themselves.
3) Let the students hand in their final copies.
4) Select some good samples to read to the whole class.
Suggested sample:
Friendship is the most important things in life. Good friend would like to help you when you met some troubles. Real good friends could put each other in their hearts. Real friendship is like the spring rivers flowing down the mountains, silently. Everybody is looking forward to meeting real friends.
How to find real friendship and keep it? I think it is like you planting a big tree. You should choose good seeds and take care of it to make it grow. Almost the same thoughts between each other is on base. Maybe fight also will happen. How to do? To make real friend, you don't be shy to explain your thoughts to the other. Try your best to keep friendship forever. It is necessary to tell the truth and respect each other.
教學實施過程:
針對學生這樣的實際情況,並受任務型教學法啟示「任務型教學理論實際上就是建立在討論或交流教學思路的基礎上的,是交流教學思路的一種發展形態,英語教學要以學生為中心,教師要為學生設計運用語言的環境,通過大量的交流活動總結和掌握語言的規律,並在交流活動中實踐,從而達到目的.」我對每模塊後的書面表達內容的教學作了調整,這樣處理:即把寫作課變成討論和寫作並存的活動課,並在活動課中備有相關的多媒體內容或音樂,使學生在真切愉快的情景中搜集寫作素材,完成寫作內容,最後達到激發學生寫作興趣,提高寫作技能並促進其他幾種技能的效果。具體教學過程如下:
第一步,確定題目後,教師啟發學生思考,回憶寫作中所需要的相關詞彙,必要時通過多媒體展示相關內容,然後教師在黑板上進行總結或藉助多媒體把關鍵詞語呈現給學生.例如外研版教材Book6 Mole3 Interpersonal relationship___ Friendship,該模塊的寫作任務講述朋友之間所產生的矛盾問題,並提出建議如何保持友誼:Describing a problem you had with a friend and giving advice on how to keep friends教師可先展示一些有關友誼或本班同學相處的圖片、幻燈片、音樂等,以激發學生的學習興趣。然後教師可引導學生說說自己的好朋友,盡可能用到本模塊所學過的詞彙:close, trust, chat, be on good terms, get on very well, keep in touch, get to know, personal matters, be similar to, considerate, warmhearted, honest, 等等。
第二步,分組討論(均勻分配不同程度的學生),要求學生圍繞寫作話題藉助有關詞彙,人人動口,積極思維:1.Who is your good friend? 2. How do you become good friends? 3. Have you ever quarreled with each other? 4.What』s the problem? 5. Have you made up? 6. What should you do to keep your friendship? 等, 並讓學生各抒己見,提供出不同的詞語句型,如1.I』ve known him/her for ... 2.We first met six years ago...I remember meeting him/her for the first time 3.We have much in common. 4. I not only...but also... 5.I suggest that... 6.Why not...? 7.Can』t we ...? 8. What about...? 9. Friendship is both... and... 10. If we... , we can...等也可提供一些有關友誼的名言警句如:On friends and friendship:
A true friend is one soul in two bodies. (---Aristotle)
A friend in need is a friend indeed. (---Ray)
Be slow in choosing a friend; slower in changing. (---Benjamin Franklin)
A friend is a present which you give yourself. (---Robert Louis Stevenson)
Fate chooses your relatives, you choose your friends. (---Abbe Jacques Deille)
A faithful friend is the medicine of life. (---William Shakespeare)
The bird a nest, the spider a web, man friendship. (---William Blake)
We choose our friend by instinct, but we keep them by judgment. (---Alfred Capus)
Friendship is love without his wings. (---George Gordon Byron)
True friendship is a plant of slow growth.(---George Washington)
同時教師提醒學生在討論中盡量使用正確的時態、語態並用英語交流。這一步也是學生英文寫作收集寫作素材的過程。教師可參考與到各個組中,幫助學生解決疑難問題,並根據不同的寫作內容和各小組的實際水平適當給他們提供一些新的詞彙,同時鼓勵那些平時不善於言談的學生開口交流和幫助基礎較差的學生。通過不斷的教學實踐,我發現:在這種活動或情景之下,學生無拘無束,大膽熱烈討論,加之教師的指導,寫作的素材自然獲得不少。最後每組選一位代表執筆完成書面表達,並在時間允許內在全班朗讀;
第三步,教師進行總結歸納: Friendship is a kind of human relations. It is a human instinct to make friends. When in trouble, we need friends to offer us help, support and encouragement. With success achieved, we also need friends to share our joys. .Long live friendship! 同時再次強調寫作中所需的時態、語態和學生寫作過程中容易犯的錯誤等關鍵問題。而後要求學生課後完成各自的寫作內容並上交作業。
第四步,作文評價是個意義重大的環節,可採用以下評價機制,包括學生自評→學生互評→教師評價→全班反饋→範文共賞五個環節。
學生參與情況:
運用這種教學方式,我所教的班級學生普遍反映:這種討論和寫作的方式更適合他們,因為氣氛活躍,讓人覺得輕松,通過小組的討論、互相幫助和老師的指引,較容易搜集到寫作素材,而且參考小組素材再結合自己的觀點,就更容易下手寫作了。每個小組都能寫出較為優秀的文章,而且,學生完成作業情況非常好,能充分運用課上所講的相關詞彙和表達方式,有些同學的文章寫得相當好,可以作為範文展示學習。總而言之,這種寫作教學法既激發了學生的寫作興趣,又提高了他們的口語表達能力,同時還培養了他們的群體合作精神,而且也達到了師生互動交流。
⑵ 高一英語寫作課教案中的教學目標怎麼寫
Teaching Aims
1.To get the students to appreciating remarks on friendship or friends.
2.To enable the students to write a short story about friends or friendships.
Teaching Proceres
Step 1 Discussion
Now, I found 500 pounds in Roy』s pocket. Did Roy steal the money from the charity? Someone says 『yes』, someone says 『no』. If Roy did steal the money from the charity, shall I tell the teacher or call the police? If Roy didn』t steal the money, what should I do?
Discuss it in groups of four .
Collect answers from students. Draw a conclusion; whether Roy stole the money or not, we help him all the same. Because we』re friends. Friends are the ones we can get help from and we can trust.
In this unit, we have talked a lot about friends and friendship, knowing the importance of friends. And what do you think of a friend or friendship?
How to keep friendship?List good qualities and bad qualities a friend may have.
Suggested answers:
Good qualities:
outgoing hospitable considerate enthusiastic friendly kind polite honest loyal brave positive optimistic smart intelligent modest generous determined responsible mature
Bad qualities:
dishonest unfriendly dishonest rude impolite selfish lazy careless pessimistic Brainstorming:
Step 2 Writing
Describe a problem you had with a friend and give advice on how to keep friends.
Suggested expressions:
close, trust, chat, be on good terms, get on very well, keep in touch, get to know, personal matters, be similar to , considerate, warm hearted, honest,
一些有關友誼的名言警句如:
On friends and friendship:
A true friend is one soul in two bodies. (---Aristotle)
A friend in need is a friend indeed. (---Ray)
Be slow in choosing a friend; slower in changing.(---Benjamin Franklin)
A friend is a present which you give yourself. (---Robert Louis Stevenson)
Fate chooses your relatives, you choose your friends. (---Abbe Jacques Deille)
A faithful friend is the medicine of life. (---William Shakespeare)
The bird a nest, the spider a web, man friendship.(---William Blake)
We choose our friend by instinct, but we keep them by judgment. (---Alfred Capus)
Friendship is love without his wings. (---George Gordon Byron)
True friendship is a plant of slow growth.(---George Washington)
Sample:
Friendship is one of the most valuable relationship in our lives, it may even last through you whole life. I have a good friend. Sometimes I argue with my friend. For example, once we discussed a problem of our homework, as we held different ideas and wanted to persuade each other, we argued a lot. However, after we found the correct answer, the one that was wrong apologized at once. No matter how often we quarreled and what we quarreled for, we are good friends for ever.
My favourite proverb says ' friend are like stars, you don』t always see them, but you know they re always there.' Thats true, indeed friends are willing to help you all the time. When you are down ,friends raise you up with their hearts .When you lose your way, friends guide you and pull you to the right way. When you have sorrow to complain of, friends are always the best ears for you.
So please cherish your friends, because everyone of them is unique and precious. Getting along with friends is just like growing plants. We must use patience, trust, and honesty as fertilizer to make friendship stonger. And never forget ,plants need sunshine, so do friends. Often give them some warm and you will find your hearts are getting closer.
Friendship stands on both sides , so the more you give and the more you will get . Remember, the key is your sincere heart.
Step 3 Promotion and Homework
1)Assign another writing task based on the following information:
What do you think of a friend or friendship?
How to keep friendship?
2) Instruct the students to write and revise by themselves.
3) Let the students hand in their final copies.
4) Select some good samples to read to the whole class.
Suggested sample:
Friendship is the most important things in life. Good friend would like to help you when you met some troubles. Real good friends could put each other in their hearts. Real friendship is like the spring rivers flowing down the mountains, silently. Everybody is looking forward to meeting real friends.
How to find real friendship and keep it? I think it is like you planting a big tree. You should choose good seeds and take care of it to make it grow. Almost the same thoughts between each other is on base. Maybe fight also will happen. How to do? To make real friend, you don't be shy to explain your thoughts to the other. Try your best to keep friendship forever. It is necessary to tell the truth and respect each other.
教學實施過程:
針對學生這樣的實際情況,並受任務型教學法啟示「任務型教學理論實際上就是建立在討論或交流教學思路的基礎上的,是交流教學思路的一種發展形態,英語教學要以學生為中心,教師要為學生設計運用語言的環境,通過大量的交流活動總結和掌握語言的規律,並在交流活動中實踐,從而達到目的.」我對每模塊後的書面表達內容的教學作了調整,這樣處理:即把寫作課變成討論和寫作並存的活動課,並在活動課中備有相關的多媒體內容或音樂,使學生在真切愉快的情景中搜集寫作素材,完成寫作內容,最後達到激發學生寫作興趣,提高寫作技能並促進其他幾種技能的效果。具體教學過程如下:
第一步,確定題目後,教師啟發學生思考,回憶寫作中所需要的相關詞彙,必要時通過多媒體展示相關內容,然後教師在黑板上進行總結或藉助多媒體把關鍵詞語呈現給學生.例如外研版教材Book6 Mole3 Interpersonal relationship___ Friendship,該模塊的寫作任務講述朋友之間所產生的矛盾問題,並提出建議如何保持友誼:Describing a problem you had with a friend and giving advice on how to keep friends教師可先展示一些有關友誼或本班同學相處的圖片、幻燈片、音樂等,以激發學生的學習興趣。然後教師可引導學生說說自己的好朋友,盡可能用到本模塊所學過的詞彙:close, trust, chat, be on good terms, get on very well, keep in touch, get to know, personal matters, be similar to, considerate, warmhearted, honest, 等等。
第二步,分組討論(均勻分配不同程度的學生),要求學生圍繞寫作話題藉助有關詞彙,人人動口,積極思維:1.Who is your good friend? 2. How do you become good friends? 3. Have you ever quarreled with each other? 4.What』s the problem? 5. Have you made up? 6. What should you do to keep your friendship? 等, 並讓學生各抒己見,提供出不同的詞語句型,如1.I』ve known him/her for ... 2.We first met six years ago...I remember meeting him/her for the first time 3.We have much in common. 4. I not only...but also... 5.I suggest that... 6.Why not...? 7.Can』t we ...? 8. What about...? 9. Friendship is both... and... 10. If we... , we can...等也可提供一些有關友誼的名言警句如:On friends and friendship:
A true friend is one soul in two bodies. (---Aristotle)
A friend in need is a friend indeed. (---Ray)
Be slow in choosing a friend; slower in changing. (---Benjamin Franklin)
A friend is a present which you give yourself. (---Robert Louis Stevenson)
Fate chooses your relatives, you choose your friends. (---Abbe Jacques Deille)
A faithful friend is the medicine of life. (---William Shakespeare)
The bird a nest, the spider a web, man friendship. (---William Blake)
We choose our friend by instinct, but we keep them by judgment. (---Alfred Capus)
Friendship is love without his wings. (---George Gordon Byron)
True friendship is a plant of slow growth.(---George Washington)
同時教師提醒學生在討論中盡量使用正確的時態、語態並用英語交流。這一步也是學生英文寫作收集寫作素材的過程。教師可參考與到各個組中,幫助學生解決疑難問題,並根據不同的寫作內容和各小組的實際水平適當給他們提供一些新的詞彙,同時鼓勵那些平時不善於言談的學生開口交流和幫助基礎較差的學生。通過不斷的教學實踐,我發現:在這種活動或情景之下,學生無拘無束,大膽熱烈討論,加之教師的指導,寫作的素材自然獲得不少。最後每組選一位代表執筆完成書面表達,並在時間允許內在全班朗讀;
第三步,教師進行總結歸納: Friendship is a kind of human relations. It is a human instinct to make friends. When in trouble, we need friends to offer us help, support and encouragement. With success achieved, we also need friends to share our joys. .Long live friendship! 同時再次強調寫作中所需的時態、語態和學生寫作過程中容易犯的錯誤等關鍵問題。而後要求學生課後完成各自的寫作內容並上交作業。
第四步,作文評價是個意義重大的環節,可採用以下評價機制,包括學生自評→學生互評→教師評價→全班反饋→範文共賞五個環節。
學生參與情況:
運用這種教學方式,我所教的班級學生普遍反映:這種討論和寫作的方式更適合他們,因為氣氛活躍,讓人覺得輕松,通過小組的討論、互相幫助和老師的指引,較容易搜集到寫作素材,而且參考小組素材再結合自己的觀點,就更容易下手寫作了。每個小組都能寫出較為優秀的文章,而且,學生完成作業情況非常好,能充分運用課上所講的相關詞彙和表達方式,有些同學的文章寫得相當好,可以作為範文展示學習。總而言之,這種寫作教學法既激發了學生的寫作興趣,又提高了他們的口語表達能力,同時還培養了他們的群體合作精神,而且也達到了師生互動交流。
⑶ 高中英語教案中的教學方法怎麼寫
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⑷ 如何設計英語寫作課的教學過程
美國著名的教學抄設計研究襲專家馬傑(R.Mager)手匕出:教學設計依次由三個基本問題組成。首先是「我去哪裡」,即教學目標的制訂·接著是。我如何去那裡」,包括學習者起始狀態的分析、教學內容的分析與組織、教學方法與教學媒介的選擇
⑸ 淺談如何做好高中英語寫作教學
創設趣味教來學情境自,營造輕松教學氛圍在新課改的教學背景下,傳統高中英語寫作教學的方式已經不能滿足學生的學習需求了,現階段,隨著信息技術的快速發展以及素質教育要求的不斷提升,我國高中英語寫作教學已開始向趣味性教學發展,逐漸擺脫了「一刀切」、「滿堂灌」這些教學模式的影響。為了更好的提高實際教學的趣味性,教師就可以在寫作教學的過程中積極創設極具趣味的教學情境,讓學生在輕松和諧的教學氛圍中產生對寫作學習的興趣,進而實現高效學習、快樂學習
⑹ 英語寫作課的教學方法有哪些
一、注重寫作教學的基本訓練階段
語言教學最高層次是應用。英語屬於結構語言,它有自己的基本句型、固定搭配、固定短語等,這些都是不可變的,要想在寫作中用上它們,用好它們,必須加強這方面的基本訓練。首先,加強五種基本句型結構教學。幾乎所有的英語句型都是五種句型的擴大、延伸或變化,因此訓練學生「寫」就要抓住五種基本句型的訓練,讓他們把這五種基本句型記牢,不斷運用。五種基本句型是:
(1)S+V;
(2)S+V+O;
(3)S+V+O+O;
(4)S+V+P;
(5)S+V+O+C。
五種基本句型雖然能表達一定的意思,但無法比較自由地表達思想,因此還必須對學生進一步進行擴句訓練,在課堂上充分發揮學生的想像力,進行擴句練習。其次,加強句型教學,要對一些句子進行分析,增強他們利用各種句子進行一意多種表達的訓練。再次,充分利用新教材中「鞏固語言的練習,」對學生進行基本語感的訓練。
二、注重寫作訓練的多樣化
聽、說、讀、寫四種技能是相互依賴的,說的能力有賴於聽的能力,進而有助於寫作。聽是理解和吸收口頭信息的手段。聽和讀是輸入,只有達到足夠的輸入量,才能保證學生具有較好的說和寫的輸出能力。因此,在日常的教學中要注重寫作訓練的多樣化。
首先,在Dialogue的教學中,除了聽錄音、對話、表演和編寫相似的對話外,還要求學生把對話改寫成一段短文,這樣就要求學生在變成短文的過程中,注意時態、語態、人稱和前後的邏輯關系,從而為寫作打下基礎。
其次,在Reading教學中,回答問題時要求學生必須用自己的語言,且人稱、時態要做相應的變化,這樣既能搞懂本意,又能用同義句表達,提高了表達能力。還要讓學生用課文中的片語進行復述,學生復述課文不是件容易的事,既要把握課文中的重點,邏輯關系,又要用自己的語言把主要內容表達出來。這樣既鍛煉了他們組織篇章結構、句子與句子之間邏輯關系的能力,又提高了語言的精煉度,使自己的`寫作能力有了很快地提高。
再次,在「Listening」教學中,除了讓學生聽懂做完聽力練習之外,還讓他們把練習作為guide進行復述聽力材料,有時還讓他們寫在作文本上。
三、注重寫作訓練的規范化
高中起始階段的寫作訓練,培養學生的寫作模式是非常重要的。我按教師用書上說明的寫作步驟,即:①構思(討論題目);②寫提綱(理順思想的邏輯關系);③起草(打草稿);④校訂(檢查錯誤,重新安排內容);⑤修改(定稿)。對學生進行寫作模式的訓練。這樣看起來比較麻煩,但避免了反復,養成了好的寫作習慣。再就是書寫和文體格式要規范。嚴格要求學生正確、端正、熟練地書寫字母、單詞和句子,注意大小寫和標點符號,養成良好的書寫習慣。。同時對各種文體特點、格式要講清楚,使學生熟悉規范的書面表達形式,用正確的標准評析和規范自己的書面表達。
四、注重教師的指導作用
教師批改是寫作教學的有機組成部分,批改過程中,教師的指導作用就在於肯定學生的成績,指出錯誤,給學生以恰當的評價。但在批改過程中,如果抓住學生的錯誤不放,有錯必糾,改到最後,就變成了教師自己的作品;如果對錯誤視而不見,寫得再多也收效甚微。我根據教學實踐,對於新教材中的「有指導的寫」的寫作訓練,規定學生限時寫完,同桌、前後桌互相批改,重新行文,再上交。這樣批改起來就非常輕松,而且典型錯誤,很容易找出,有利於講評。對於新教材中的「自由寫作」訓練,我指導學生弄清主題,抓住要點,組詞造句,安排好順序,過渡到段落形成短文,多用熟悉的單詞和句型,多用五種基本句型表達。然後讓學生共同研究,互相評論寫好的草稿,以便最後寫出修改的稿子來,這就有助於減輕教師修改作業的負擔,也有利於學生寫作水平的提高。
⑺ 什麼是高中英語教學設計設計理念
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新課程背景下高中英語教學整體設計的理念和策略 熱 ★★★ 【字體:小 大】
新課程背景下高中英語教學整體設計的理念和策略
作者:馮毓琦 文章來源:教研室 點擊數:1452 更新時間:2007-11-6
新課程背景下高中英語教學整體設計的理念和策略
江蘇省興化市教育局教研室 馮毓琦
(本文獲全國核心期刊《中小學英語教學與研究》第6屆優秀教學論文評比三等獎)
摘要:盡管高中英語新課程理念對傳統的教學思想和教學行為產生了巨大的沖擊且逐漸被廣大的英語教師所接受,但不少教師在英語課堂教學中常常「穿新鞋、走老路」,針對這一現象,筆者試圖從備課環節入手,通過對基於模塊的英語新課程體系進行整體教學設計,按模塊、單元、課時三個層次,將英語新課程目標相對固定地分解到具體的教學環境中,以確保新課程各級目標的實現。
關鍵詞:新課程 模塊 整體設計
自2005年我省全面實施高中新課程以來,各級教育行政主管部門和教育科研部門、各高中學校的校長對新一輪課改非常重視,傾注了巨大的熱情,舉辦不同類別、不同層次、不同學科的培訓班。許多教師以新課程改革為契機,認真學習新課程標准,深刻反思傳統英語教學中落後的教學思想和教學行為,努力探究符合新課程理念的教學方法。然而,當我們走進英語課堂進行調研時,常常會發現不少教師在課堂教學中「穿新鞋、走老路」,仍然以教師為中心,以講授語言知識為主要目的,只注重語言知識的講解和拓展,對學生的主體地位的理解也通常停留在師生間單一的、簡單的交流,缺少學生之間圍繞主題展開、旨在提高語言綜合運用能力的有效而真實的整體語言活動,忽視學生知識的生成、能力的提高和情感的升華,缺乏對學生學習策略的關注、指導和優化。究其原因,這些教師對英語新課程理念、新課程目標和新課程體系的認識和理解還不夠透徹,還沒有把新課程理念內化為自覺的教學行為。在備課時,未能根據模塊教學的內容和特點,以相對固定的模式,將新課程目標分解到各個教學環節中。本文試圖就如何通過整體教學設計體現新課程理念、執行新課程計劃、實現新課程目標作一些淺顯的分析。
一. 高中英語整體教學設計是推進高中英語課程改革的必然要求
1.高中英語教學整體設計是基於模塊教學的英語新課程體系的需要。
模塊教學是英語新課程有別於傳統教學、體現新課程理念時代性、基礎性和選擇性最顯性的特徵之一。模塊作為英語新課程中教學組織內容的基本單位,是圍繞一定的主題形成的,因此基於模塊的教學設計首先要考慮教學內容的整體安排,即一個模塊的整體內容對應的36課時需要作出相對的時間劃分,以保證課程內容的實施。因此,在進行某一模塊的教學前,必須首先對該模塊的教學進行整體設計,確保該模塊教學內容在教學時間上的整體分配。
2. 高中英語教學整體設計是實現英語新課程目標的有效保證。
《普通高中英語課程標准(實驗)》指出「高中英語課程的總目標是使學生在義務教育階段英語學習的基礎上,進一步明確英語學習的目的,發展自主學習和合作學習的能力;形成有效的英語學習策略;培養學生的綜合語言運用能力。」新課標同時提出,綜合語言運用能力包括:語言知識 、語言技能、學習策略 、情感態度、文化意識。由此可以看出,高中英語課程目標已不再是傳統意義上的語言知識的傳授和語言基本技能的提高,而是著重培養綜合運用英語的能力。如果沿襲傳統的按課時或單元為單位的線性備課方式,英語新課程五維目標是難以實現的。只有基於模塊的整體教學設計,才能有計劃、有目的、有步驟的將各項目標分解在具體的教學環節中。
3. 高中英語教學整體設計符合語言教育的整體性原則
傳統意義上的英語教學,從教材到教法,從教學設計到課堂實施,大多圍繞所謂的語言知識「重點」和「難點」進行呈現和講解,注重對語言點如詞彙、語法項目、句法結構的分解考察,而忽略對學生英語綜合運用語言能力的培養,忽視知識與技能的完整統一以及各個技能之間的完整統一。根據語言學科的特點和二語習得理論,語言在本質上具有整體性。語言是由語音、詞彙、語法、語用組成的不可分割的整體,其整體性表現為語言作為社會現象和言語這種個體現象的整體統一,知識能力和語言應用能力的整體統一。高中英語教學整體設計符合語言教育和語言學習的整體性原則。
二、高中英語教學整體設計的原則
根據高中新課程目標的要求,我們在進行高中英語教學整體設計時,必須遵循以下六個原則。
1、面向全體學生,為學生的終身發展奠定共同基礎。
高中英語教學整體設計要面向全體學生,不但要了解學生的生理和心理特點,而且要考慮學生的語言能力及學習方式等方面的差異,幫助學生打好高中英語課程的共同基礎,形成持續的學習動機和初步的自主學習能力以及綜合語言運用能力。
2.有利於學生優化英語學習方式,提高自主學習能力。
整體教學設計要引導學生主動學習,幫助他們形成以綜合語言能力發展為目的的學習方式,鼓勵學生通過體驗、實踐、討論、和探究等方式,發展聽說讀寫的綜合語言技能。要為學生留有空間和時間,使學生有機會提高聯想、思維和歸納等思維活動,用英語思考問題、分析問題和解決問題,獲得深刻的、真實的、有效的語言體驗。通過設計豐富多樣的課內外活動,使學生在參與交際的過程中形成交際策略。
3.關注學生的情感,全面提高人文素質,確保寬松、民主、和諧的教學氛圍。
在進行教學整體設計時,要特別關注學生的情感。一方面根據各單元主題內容,確定人文教育主題,設計切合主題的教育方式,增進跨文化理解和跨文化交際的能力,樹立正確的人生觀、世界觀和價值觀。另一方面,創設各種合作學習的活動,促使學生互相學習、互相幫助,體驗集體榮譽感和成就感,發展合作精神,建立融洽的師生交流渠道。
4.有利於發揮學生的創造力和想像力。
整體教學設計時要改變以教師為中心、單純傳授書本知識為目的的傳統教學設計模式,根據學生的學習實際和單元學習主題,增加開放性的任務型活動和探究性的學習內容,著力發展學生的探究知識的能力、獲取信息的能力和自主學習的能力,充分發揮學生的創造力和想像力。
5.利用現代教育技術,拓寬學習和運用英語的渠道。
在進行整體教學設計時,要改變傳統、單一、機械的教學手段,充分利用計算機和多媒體軟體等現代教育技術,開發英語教學資源,拓寬學生學習渠道,改進學生的學習方式,提高學生的學習效率。
6.提倡合作備課,共同開發課程資源,創造性地完成教學任務。
基於模塊的整體教學設計要求教師間形成開放的教學和研究的工作方式,經常開展教師間的合作和研究,共同反思,相互支持,共同學習,根據課程的要求,對教材進行分析,對學生的需求和水平進行深入了解,並根據自身的教學條件和教學環境,補充和調整教材的內容,創造性地完成課程標准中提出的教學目標和任務。
三、高中英語新課程整體設計的策略
以《牛津英語模塊8》為例,分三個層次,探討高中英語整體教學設計的策略。
1、 基於模塊的整體教學設計
在新課程模塊背景下,教學內容以模塊為整體,這與傳統的以課為單位的教學內容安排不同。模塊不再細分為一課一課的與固定的單位時間相對應的內容,而是以一個模塊的內容整體對應36課時。所以在進行每一個模塊的教學前,首先要對該模塊的教學內容進行整體的設計,保證該模塊教學內容在教學時間上的合理分配。
高中英語模塊8(文學和藝術)的教學建議(課時分配)
Unit
Welcome totheunit
Reading
Word power
Grammar and usage
Task
Project
Self-assessment
1Thewritten world
Appreciating literature
Literature
Negative
statements
Writing a literary
Reciting
a poem
2Theuniversal language
Turandot in Beijing
Parts of orchestra
Ellipsis
Making an exhibition about a composer
Making a web page
3Tth3.The world of
co
colocolours and light
Visiting the masters
Painting
Inversion
Reporting on a visit to an art exhibition
Making a book about universal pictures
4Films and film events
Important
Film events
Film instry
Emphasis
Writing a speech about the film instry
Writing a film interview
p
9
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2、 基於模塊的單元教學整體設計
在新課程標准下,每一個模塊都是由相對獨立又相互關聯的若干個單元組成的。對每一個單元的教學設計既要體現本模塊的主題,又要體現單元教學設計的整體性。
高中英語模塊八單元一設計方案
P
Topic
Skills and strategies
culture
Activities
Unit1
9
Classic literature
Appreciating literature
Getting information
About classic literature,
Four skills
1.Classic literature
2.CharlesDickens and his novels3.Robert and his poems
Picture talking
Group discussion
Surfing the Internet: Seeing film
Writing a literary review
Welcome to this unit
1
1.Favouritebooks 2.Differencesbetween
e-books& books in print
3.About literature
1.Oral English
2.Gettingsomeinformation about literature
3.Discussionrelated to literature
English literature
1.Picture talking
2Surfing the Internet
3.Refering to reference books
4.Discussion
Reading
2
Appreciating classic literature
Ways to read a persuasive essay
Ways to get information
Writing skills
Oral English
English literature
Charles Dickens
Great expectations
1.Searching on the Internet or in books about classic literature , Charles Dickens and his works2.Reporting to the class
3.Seeing the film of Great Expectation
Word power
1
1.Categoriesof literature
2.Literary figures
Learning more words and expressions about literature
Literature
Surf the Internet to get some information about different categories of English and some literary figures
Gram.
1
Negative statement
Task
2
Writing a literary review
Learning:1.howto listen for key words, 2.how to ask for and give opinions 3.how to write a literary review
literature
1.Listening for key words
2. Asking for and giving opinions
3.writing a literary review
Project
2
Reciting a poem
Learning how to cooperate by doing the project; more about classic literature. Skimming for main idea
Robert Burns and his poems;Other great poets and their works
Reading the report on the poetry of Robert burns :main idea ,structure, more information about Robert burns. Recite the poem「A Re d Red Rose」
Unit test
2
Checking the progress they have made
Vocabulary, grammar
information about classic literature ,a literary review
Competition or a test
3、 基於模塊的課時教學整體設計
盡管模塊教學的整體教學設計更多地體現在單元和主題教學設計的整體性,但課時教學作為執行課程最基本的單位和方式仍然講究課堂教學設計的整體性。
Unit 1 「 Project 」版塊的整體教學設計
Project: reciting a poem
Purpose: help students learn and use English through doing a project
Period 2
Procere :Ⅰ. Getting and sharing information
Reading:1.Skim for the main idea
2.Analyze its structure
3.Get important details
A. Rearrange the events in the order of time B Get more information about Robert Burns
Time
Event
1750
1759
1794
1796
1870
1877
Year of birth
Place of birth
Year of death
Family status
His first love
Main works
Romantic movement
Ⅱ. Class activities
Group work : Divide the class into 9 groups and do the following:
1. Language learning : group members try to help each other smooth away language difficulties in the reading material and in the poem, referring to dictionaries or reference books ,or asking the teacher for help where necessary.
2.A group competition: each group completes in the following:
(1)Best version for A Red, Red Rose: encourage each group to translate the poem into Chinese by working together and try to win the best version for the poem.
(2)Reciting A Red, Red Rose: all group members are required to recite the poem as soon as possible.
(3)Reciting as many English poems as possible: encourage each group to surf the Internet or refer to any books in print they can get.(This work can be prepared after class).
Ⅲ.Homework: Group work: A wall newspaper titled English Poetry.