① 有哪些好的句型適合托福寫作開頭
下面是外 朗 托 福 老 師 整理的托福寫作精彩開頭句型總結,供同學們參考!
托福寫作經常句型總結之開頭
舉例說明
1) … is often cited as an example.
2) A good case in point is…
3) The most dramatic example is…
4) To the familiar facts, another may be added.
5) As an illustration, we may take…
引用權威
1) …, wrote Edison, a great inventor.
2) Many years ago, a writer remarked that…
3) As one scientist wrote, …
4) A noted teacher once told me…
5) Many researchers find that…
深入闡述
1) But that』s only part of the story
2) Another equally important aspect is
3) Closely connected with this is
4) … may further be supported by
5) … is but one of many effects. Another is
6) So does…
7) Not only…but also…
② 托福寫作如何寫一個topic sentence(主題句)
所謂主題句( sentence, 也有人叫它中心句),就是獨立寫作主體段中統領全文的那個句子,也就是表述在獨立寫作頭腦風暴和謀篇布局時候想到的「主要理由」或者「論點」的那個句子。通常一篇獨立寫作有三個主題句。
例如在題目「Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is betterto work in large companies than in small ones.」,選擇agree,三個主題句可以是:
The first reason is that a large company can provide more opportunities to develop one』s ability
Another reason for choosing a big company involves welfare.
A third reason is that one who appreciates the unique culture of abig enterprise will become a more responsible person to the society.
在托福寫作中,三個主題句可以說是作文中最重要的一組句子,因為主題句對段落起到「提綱挈領」的作用,同時對整篇文章的結構清晰度和文章邏輯性也至關重要。
如何將這個理由「完整」「清晰」「出彩」的表達出來就是本文討論的話題。
首先,每段主題句通常都位於段首,緊跟於「first, second, third」這些「信號詞」之後。除此之外還需要注意以下幾點。
丨簡明扼要
主題句需要讓讀者看到之後能夠快速、准確地把握本段的主要內容。這要求我們在寫主題句的時候,一方面內容要簡單,另一方面用語要凝練。
先來看一個反面例子:
「First and foremost, television, invented in the last century, withits wide availability and increasingly prosperous programs ,becomes one of the most powerful means of communication in history, and is more and more difficult to ignore」
這個主題句涵蓋的內容太多,讀完這個句子,讀者根本不明白本段是要陳述電視節目蓬勃發展(increasingly prosperous program), 要強調電視是最強力的交流工具(the most powerful means of communication in history),還是要論證電視不可被忽視(difficult to ignore),這就是一個典型的內容太復雜的主題句。
再看一個反例:
「First of all, following the new customs can show a sense of respect,which can allow a better and faster adaption inside the local population so that they make more friends.」
這個句子也有兩個論點:表示尊重(show a sense of respect),擴大社交(make more friends),同樣也使讀者不能抓住本段的主要內容。
如何避免這種錯誤,使主題句內容簡單呢?很簡單,首先做到每個主題句有且只有一個論點。論點就是指我們頭腦風暴時候想到的那些「key words」,比如健康,安全,情感等等,每段寫一個,不要把健康和安全放在同一個段落,也不要把情感和成功放在同一個段落。
例如上面第二個例子,我們只需要刪去一個論點,就可以變得非常簡潔:
「To start with, accepting cultures in the foreign country is an indispensable element that contributes to the expansion of social circle.」這是一個簡潔的主題句,只有擴大社交(contributes to the expansion of social circle)這一個論點。
論點唯一還不一定能完全做到簡潔,來看另一個反例:
「The first reason why letting children care for animals isnot the best way to teach them about responsibility is that it could negatively impact a child』s health.」
這句話雖然只有一個論點,可是用語太繁雜,讓人頭暈。主題句的語法不建議太復雜,建議大家把花式操作留到其他部分去秀,在主題句,只要寫一些簡單句,例如:「First, raising pets will exert a negative impact on a child』shealth.」就行了。
丨不是陳述事實
來看下面兩個句子:
A: 「First, some children might be infected by feeding animals.」
B: 「First, raising pets could negatively impact a child』s health.」
哪一個是好的主題句呢?
答案是B。
因為A句的內容是一個「純粹的事實」,而B句則是「抽象的概念」(exert negative impact),換言之,A句可以作為B句的例子,但B句不能作為A句的例子。
陳述事實的句子是不能作為主題句的,事實是不言自明的。不言自明,也就不需要後面的文字來「論證」了。主題句需要寫「a sentence that you could give examples for」,而不能寫一個 「example」。
來練習判斷下面幾組句子中哪一個可以做主題句呢?
A: 「Second, the academic performance of some children becomes poor after they are responsible for caring for a pet.」
B:「Second, caring for a pet could disrupt a child』s regular studies.」
A: 「First, people could learn how to communicate with eachother through participating in community activities」
B: 「First, participating in community activities is apractical and effective approach to enhance their social skills.」
A: 「First, letting children take care of animal is a good suggestion for the reason that kids like animals.」
B: 「To start with, raising pets fill friendship vacuums and satisfy people』s need to nurture"
(答案:三組都是B句較好)
丨使用高級詞彙
很多同學要問,如果主題句中不建議使用復雜句型,又不能出現多層結構,那如何顯示自己的語言功力呢?要知道我們展示語言能力的地方並非只有復雜的句型,豐富和精準的詞彙使用,同樣可以展示英語的專業程度。比如
「First, go to museums can teach people different kinds of knowledge」
→ 「First, visiting museums provide people with an opportunity to comprehend a vast amount of knowledge」
想想看,如果原本句子中只會寫「good」之處,替換為「advantageous, beneficial, effective, efficacious, favorable,invaluable, rewarding, unparalleled, unprecedented」等等詞彙,效果是不是更好呢?如果多次出現「important」的地方,改寫為「central, critical ,crucial, decisive, essential, pivotal, primary,principal, vital,a key to, an indispensable part, play a pivotal role, attach great importance to」會不會增加可讀性呢?
在平時的閱讀中,注意積累一些「高級詞彙」,准確掌握詞義,並且刻意練習使用這些詞彙,逐漸就會取得不錯的寫作成績。
③ 托福寫作考試開頭怎麼寫
托福考試培訓老師介紹說,托福寫作考試需要在文章開頭就擺明立場,並且做一定的闡述,而這些對正品文章給考官的印象最為重要,那麼托福寫作考試開頭怎麼寫呢?我們一起來看看吧! I.對立法 文章開頭首先引出人們對要討論的問題的不同看法,然後提出作者自己的不同看法,或偏向的那個看法。對立法的句型多用於有爭議性的主題。 1 When asked about..., the vast / overwhelming majority of most / many / quite a few people say think believe answer 1 that.... But other people regard / view / see / think of.. . as.... I think /view quite / a bit differently. 1.1 When asked about the biggest problem today, many people say that it is the serious energy crisis. They are afraid that the world will soon run out of oil and run short of food. But other people hold optimistic views: they regard it as a natural result of the economic development and believe it will be only solved with further advances in economy and technology. 當問起世界上現在最大的問題是什麼,許多人說是嚴重的能源危機。他們擔心人類不久會用完石油、發生食品短缺!但有些人則持樂觀的看法。他們把能源危機看成是經濟發展的自然結果,而且只有隨著經濟和技術的進一步發展才能得以解決。 1.2 When asked what kind of career they will pursue upon graation, mist college students say that they would choose a job which will bring them lot of money and a conformable life. Working in a big bank or company is what they desire. But I think quite differently. I would prefer a career which will help realize my potentials. 當問起畢業後干什麼,大多數大學生說,他們會找一個能給他們帶來許多錢和舒適生活的工作。在一家大銀行或大的公司里工作是他們所嚮往的。但是我的想法大不相同。我要選擇一個能夠發揮我的才能的職業。 2 When It comes to..., some people think believe that.... Others argue claim that the 2 opposite reverse is true. There Is probably some truth in both arguments statements , but.... 2.1 When it canes to international sport such as the Olympic Games and the World Cup soccer game, some people believe that it creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead in misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably a little bit of truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood. 當說到國際體育比賽,諸如奧林匹克運動會和世界盃足球賽,有些人認為它能增進國與國之間的友善。如果許多國家在一起比賽交流,他們就會知道怎麼一起生活。但另一些人則持相反的觀點。他們認為國際體育競賽只會造成虛假的民族自豪感,導致相互間的誤解和仇恨.這兩種觀點可能都有點道理,但是從最近幾年的奧林匹克運動會來看,很少能證明體育運動可以增進國與國之間的友好感情。 2.2 In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past. Yet when it comes to the desirability of extending the life of the terminally ill, some people, including some doctors, say that the quality of life is as important as life itself, and that people should in be forced to go on living when the conditions of life have become unbearable. They argue that people should be allowed to die with dignity and decide when they want to die. However those who are in favor of life-extending measures argue that life under any circumstances is better than death and that the ty of doctors is always to extend life as long as possible. There is probably some truth on both sides, but recently the public clamor for the legalization of voluntary euthanasia seem increasingly strong. 在最近幾十年,醫學技術的進步使得人類有可能比過去活得長了。但是當論及延長一個無可挽救、瀕臨死亡的人的生命是否必要時,有些人,包括有些醫生認為生命的質量和生命本身同樣重要;當病情已變得不堪忍受了,就不應迫使這些人再活下去。他們堅持說應允許一個人尊嚴地死去,允許他們決定什麼時候死。但是贊成採取延長生命的方法的人認為在任何情況下生總比死好;一個醫生的責任就是盡可能延長一個人的生命。或許雙方都有點道理,但是最近公眾要求對自願安樂死合法化的呼聲似乎越來越高。 3 There is a public general much debate discussion controversy today nowadays on about over as to the problem issue of.... Those who criticize oppose object to 3 ... contend argue ... that.... They believe that .... But people who advocate favor ..., on the other hand, maintain assert that.... 3.1 There is much discussion today about whether fast economic growth is desirable. Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth. These include the fixed supply of natural resources, and the possible negative effects of instry on the natural environment. People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate, there are still many poor people, They maintain that only continued growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life and provide the financial resources required to protect our natural surroundings from instrialization. 現在圍繞快速的經濟發展是否應該正展開一場熱烈的討論。那些持反對意見者認為我們必須放慢發展速度。他們說發展已接近某種極限!這其中包括有限的自然資源供應和工業對環境造成的消極影響。然而要求更快發展的人則認為,即使按目前的發展速度還是有許多窮人。他們認為經濟的持續快速發展才能創造提高生活質量所必需的資本,才能提供用來保護環境不受工業化破壞的資金。
④ 托福作文開頭怎麼寫
新托福的獨立性寫作一般分為兩種類型:
1.選擇型:列舉出兩種行為、意見、回觀點等,要你選答擇認同哪一種;
2.是非型:列舉一種行為、意見、觀點等,問你是否認同,對此有什麼看法.
開頭的寫法可以是:對於選擇題型,第一句根據題目所述的話題描寫一下背景,然後用復述等方式提出題目提出的兩種看法,最後一句表達自己支持的觀點.類似地,如果是是非題型,首先描述一下題目提出的社會現象/背景等,然後用復述等方式提出題目所述的觀點,最後提出自己的觀點.
結尾的寫法:一定要對應開頭,明確表達自己的觀點:可先用讓步手法描寫你不支持的觀點的可取之處,再用轉折方式提出它的缺點、漏洞,再提出自己支持的觀點及原因,最後一句總結「所以你認為...比較好」
⑤ 要一篇托福英語作文,獨立寫作,用詞要高大上
新東方在線托福頻道和論壇有很多高分考生分享的托福復習經驗和備考資料,可以去參考一下。
新東方在線論壇有很多考生分享托福考試相關經驗,也可以參考一下
⑥ 托福寫作第一段要怎麼開始
首段特徵:
簡而言之,首段要短(3-4句話)、有趣並統領全文。
要達到ETS所提出的三點高分標准,首先要做到的就是使用一些能引起讀者興趣的手段。這一點極為重要。試想如果閱卷人一開始就覺得文章過於老套於平淡,要讓他們最後改變印象極為困難。這也使得考生必須在首段就將閱卷人的注意力抓住。這類抓住注意力的手段在英語中被形象的稱為「魚鉤」(hook),主要有五種
1. 漏斗魚鉤 (the funnel hook)
2. 問題魚鉤 (the question hook)
3. 駁斥魚鉤 (the refutation hook)
4. 敘事魚鉤 (the dramatic hook)
5. 引語魚鉤 (the quotation hook)
上周我們說了首段寫作方法之漏斗魚鉤,(參見本公眾號文章:《托福寫作 | 開頭的誘惑之「漏斗魚鉤」 + 高分句式》)。本周我們再來說一說第二種開頭手段------「問題魚鉤」。
「問題魚鉤」以提問的方式引出文章主題。這一手段像「漏斗魚鉤」一樣容易使用。使用這一魚鉤時,必須注意:問句不宜過多,一般不能超過三個,而且都要緊扣題目。
如何裝備「問題魚鉤」
提出問題:首先是設問或反問
回答問題:然後是回答;
陳述主題:最後是全文的主題陳述
⑦ 托福獨立寫作開頭段總是寫不好
托福獨立寫作開頭段總是寫不好 ?可能是沒有抓住技巧,一般來說,開篇段落版的寫作可分為兩大步權驟:
第一步就是用簡潔明了的句子對原題目的意思進行同義替換
第二步是提出自己的觀點
細化起來可以概括為四句話:第一句,採用同義替換的方式對原題目的意思進行更改,當然是「形變神不變」;第二句,對題目的意思進行解釋;第三句,提出自己的觀點;第四句,概括自己所提出觀點的理由,引起下文。
⑧ 好的托福作文開頭該怎樣寫
在托福寫作考試中,托福寫作的開篇是「門面」、是「精華」、是吸引閱卷人的關鍵所在。因此,如何撰寫托福作文開頭,是大家在備戰托福的過程中一定要考慮的問題,環球教育小編為大家帶來托福寫作開篇只需三招,一起來看看是哪三招吧。
1). 追根溯源法
即從托福寫作題目給出的話題中找出這個現象產生的原因來擴展背景句。這種方法適合大多數的話題,考生要盡量在考前做托福作文練習,這樣在考試就可以得心應手了。
請看下面的例子:
There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones?
這個題目中給出的話題是mobile phone,所以考生可以從它產生的原因來考慮,就是科技的繁榮,而科技的繁榮,手機的廣泛使用是在20世紀末,這樣背景句就有內容可寫了。當然要通過相應的句型來寫了。如
… (time) witnessed …
這個背景句就可以寫成: The late 20th century witnessed the boom of science and technology, which gave rise to a series of technological innovations, including the mobile phone.
再看一例:
Nowadays, some universities offer students skills that assist them to find employment, but some people believe that the main function of a university should be to provide students with access to knowledge for its sake. What is your opinion?
這題要求大家討論大學是提供職業技能還是傳授知識。那從傳統觀點來看,大學是傳授知識的地方,為什麼會提出要傳授技能呢,所以這里考生也可以用追根溯源法思考下,大家肯定可以想到是由於找工作已經成為當今教育的目的之一了,所以很多大學就轉移到以傳授技能為主了。那當然還是要結合句型,這里可以用as 引導的原因狀語從句。
參考:As job-hunting has become one of the main purposes of university ecation, the majority of the universities tend to offer vocational trainings to prepare the students for their future career.
2). 重述法。
即對關於這個話題的當前現狀的重述。
請看一例:
Nowadays, people are facing more and more work-related stress. State the possible reasons for this phenomenon and make some recommendations about how to combat it。
本題的話題關於壓力,那考生可從當前社會現象來考慮這個問題,考生不難想出當下對壓力這一現象的情況,即很多人都在承受著或多或少的壓力。可用it is generally believed that … 形式主語的句型。
參考: It is generally believed that white-collar as well as blue-collars workers are suffering from psychological and physical stress stemming from work.
再看一例:
Environmental problem is too big for indivial countries and indivial people to address. In other words, we have reached the stage where the only way to protect the environment is at an international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
本題話題為環境問題,考生也可用重述法對當前環境問題進行重述,這時,可以用In modern society/ At present, 等表時間的介詞短語來引導一個敘述句型。
參考:In modern society, environment related issues have confronted ecological scientists, government agencies and the general public.
3). 定義法。
即通過對話題詞的定義的介紹,這種方法在新托福開頭寫作中有一定難度,考生需要有淵博的知識,才能做到對名詞的解釋,但對特別明顯的詞語,考生可借鑒這種方法。
請看一例:
The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
本題中的話題詞為圖書館,可以解釋的詞也是圖書館比較方便容易。那麼到底如何解釋呢,比如說圖書館在傳統意義上來看,是收藏書的地方,而現在因為科技發展,使得圖書館的意義發生改變,從而引出話題。這里同樣可以用形式主語:
It is generally believed that public libraries are places with a large collection of books; however, the digital time has given it a new means of storing and retrieving information.
以上就是環球教育小編為大家帶來的托福寫作開篇只需三招的內容,大家可以在練習中參考,希望對大家的托福寫作備考有所幫助。
⑨ 急需英語寫作的開頭結尾好詞好句!!!
英語寫作的開頭很簡單,一般通常是把要求里的內容介紹用另外一種方法復述一下,但是切不可直接照抄原文,否則扣分!結尾通常採用一些展望未來的句子。