科技英語及論文寫作大綱

1. 英語撰寫科技論文的結果部分，需要注意哪些語言表達及寫作技巧方面的問題

分清中心論點和分論點：分論一般位於段首或有標志性詞語：首先、其專次、第三等
第四、要注意論點屬的表述形式：有時題目就是中心論點。一篇議論文只有一個中心論點。
第五、通過論據來反推論點：論據是為證明論點服務的，分析論據可以看出它證明什麼，肯定什麼，支持什麼，這就是論點。

2. 科技英語的主要內容

科技英語反映的是日新月異的科學技術領域內的發展與創新。為了准確、科學地對這些新的進展與理論加以闡述，科技工作者們在遣詞方面下了很大的功夫。
科技詞彙的詞形一般較長，多源於希臘語和拉丁語。據美國科技英語專家Oscar E. Nybaken統計，在一萬個普通英語的詞彙中，約有46%的詞彙源於拉丁語，7.2%源於希臘語。尤其在專業性極強的科技英語詞彙中，這種比例就更高。例如：dynamics,electric,physics,pneumonia等（李慶明，2002）。希臘語和拉丁文之所以能成為科技詞彙的基本來源，是因為這兩種語言都是「死」語言，不會由於社會的發展而引起詞義的變化，也不因詞的多義引起歧義。
在科技文章中，同一詞語詞義的多專業化，即同一個英語常用詞不僅被多個專業採用，而且含義也各不相同，區別很大。
科技英語中經常使用縮略語。隨著現代科學的高速發展，縮略語將日益增多，往往一個縮略語可代表幾十個詞義。在科技英語中縮略語的構成方式有三種：
1.將詞的部分截縮而構成新詞，如parachute —chute（降落傘）。
2.將片語中的每個詞的首字母加在一起構成新詞，首字母縮略詞，如Unidentified Flying Object –UFO（不明飛行物）。
3.從兩個單詞中抽出部分字母而構成新詞，如telegram exchange –telex（電傳）。
大量地使用名詞和名片語。英語比漢語更廣泛地使用名詞，科技英語中這種現象更為突出。如科技文章中不說 We can improve its performance by using superheated steam.而說 an improvement of its performance can be achieved by the use of superheated steam.為了簡短而明確地表達某一概念或事物，科技英語還廣泛地使用名詞片語，如energy lose, a day and night weather observation station。 在科技英語中經常使用的語法結構相當多，如被動語態句使用得很廣泛。這是因為科技文章的主要目的是講述客觀現象，介紹科技成果等，使用被動句比使用主動句更少主觀色彩。因此在科技英語中，凡是在不需要或不可能指出行為主體的場合，或者在需要突出行為客體的場合都使用被動語態。例如：For separating iron from the impurities the iron ore must be melted.
在科技英語中經常使用「It is (was)…that」這一強調句，如：It is heat that causes many chemical changes.
科技英語用於表達科學理論、原理、規律、概述以及各事物之間錯綜復雜的關系，而復雜的科學思維是無法使用簡單句來表達，所以語法結構復雜的長句較多地應用於科技英語，而這種嚴謹周密、層次分明、重點突出的語言手段也就成了科技英語文體又一重要特徵。如：Laser, its creation being thought to be one of today』s wonders, is nothing more than a light ①that differs from ordinary lights only in②that it is many times more powerful and so be applied in fields ③that no ordinary light or other substance has ever been able to get in.
直譯法科技文章中所涉及的內容很少存在文化差異，科技詞彙的意義也比較專一，所以很多詞直譯是能夠為大眾所接受。例如： surftheinternet(網上沖浪)、whitecollar(白領)、gamepoint(局點)、 genetically-modifiedfood(轉基因食品)等。
音譯法用發音相似的漢字來翻譯，這時漢字不再有其原義，只保留其語音和書寫形式。音譯主要用於人名、地名、公司名及商標名等專有名詞的翻譯。例如：mosaic(馬賽克)、disco(迪斯科)、Ken． tucky(肯德基)、bikini(tL~/E)等。翻譯這類詞時如耐心推敲，可達到音意兼顧、優雅易記的效果。如美國的化妝品Revlon被巧妙地譯為「露華濃」，讓人聯想到李白描寫楊貴妃花容月貌的名詩： 「雲想衣裳花想容，春風拂檻露華濃。」
半音半意法當直譯和音譯無法將科技新詞的科技內涵准確地表達出來時，就要採用這種方法，它主要用於復合外來詞的翻譯。例如： milkshake(奶昔)、mini—skirt(迷你裙)、waterballet(水上芭蕾)、ice— cream(冰淇淋)、DoMingpape道林紙)、breakdance(霹靂舞)等。隨著科技的發展、思維的進步，反映現實的語言也在不斷發展以滿足社會的需要。語言中最敏感的部分是詞彙，這種發展變化在科技英語詞彙里表現得尤其突出。要做好科技英語文獻的翻譯，就要認真研究科技英語詞彙的特點及翻譯技巧，了解詞語後的科技內涵，必將有助於科技術語漢譯這項復雜的工作．並能指導我們研究許多其他具體的語言問題 語篇也就是我們通常所說的篇章，是由一組相互連貫的句子組成的。語篇的語義結構和語篇機制，即銜接手段確保了語言由句子組成語篇，從而形成了一個有機的整體，所以對這一層面的分析包括了銜接手段和語篇結構（吳潔，2003）。
詞彙銜接
詞彙的重復出現可以減少語言在傳遞中產生的歧義，使讀者易於正確地理解作者所要論述的客觀事實或復雜的認識過程，體現了科技英語的准確性。如：Many stories abort the spread of AIDS are false. You cannot get AIDS working or attending with someone who has the disease. You cannot get it by touching drinking glasses or other objects used by such persons.
邏輯連接
通過邏輯連接手段的運用，讀者可以了解句子的語義聯系，甚至可經前句從邏輯上預見後續句的語義（胡壯麟，1994），體現了科技英語的邏輯推理性和嚴密性。如：Microsurgery is helping to solve all kinds of medical problems that had been thought hopeless. For example, doctors can use the technique to restore blood flow to the brain to prevent strokes. And they can reopen parts of the reproctive system so some men and women who are not fertile can have children. Eye and ear doctors have used the techniques of microsurgery since the 1920s. But it was not until the early 1970s that doctors began to develop a better understanding of the possibilities of microsurgery.

3. 英語科技論文寫作有什麼好的教材推薦看下

教材的話可以到淘寶上搜搜看，不過我是在網上看的，上學吧論文查重上有很多論文寫作技巧的文章和論文查重修改技巧的文章，可以看看，很有用的。

4. 要一篇科技論文（英文的）

A Flow Shop with Compatibility Constraints in a Steelmaking Plant* Abstract We present a scheling methodology for applications where the generation of scheles is constrained by antagonistic and vague knowledge. Besides temporal and capacity constraints, compatibility constraints between consecutive jobs are managed. We model the vague constraints and uncertain data by fuzzy set theory. The importance of single jobs and the difficulty to schele them is defined on the different constraints and is used to control the generation of scheles. A preliminary schele is generated by considering the important jobs and those that are difficult to schele first. Easy or not so important jobs are scheled later. Finally, the achieved schele is 「repaired」 until a schele is found that achieves a given level of satisfaction. Since the goodness of solutions is rated by fuzzy sets, robust scheles achieve better evaluations than weak scheles. However, if no robust solution is found constraints will be relaxed. This methodology is appropriate for applications in process engineering where uncertain knowledge is dominant. We explain the methodology with a case study from a steelmaking plant for high-grade steel 補充： Bidding for the Olympic Games, in a way, an image-creating undertaking. The first and foremost thing is to let people fall in love with the city at first sight, attracting them by its unipue image. What image does Beijing intend to create for itself once it has the opportunity to host the 2008 Olympics? It is known to all that the Beijing Municipal Government has already set the theme for the future games: New Beijing, Great Olympics. For me, the 2008 Olympics will be a great green Olympics illuminated with two more special colors, yellow and red. First, yellow is a meaningful color. The Yellow River is China's Mother River and the descendants of the Yellow Emperor. This color has a special origin and great significance for the Chinese people. Beijing is the capital of New China and previously the capital for nine dynasties in Chinese history. So, yellow will naturally add splendor to the 2008 Games. Secondly, the 2008 Olympics will be a red pageant.Red is another traditionally cherished color for the whole country. We adore red. On big occasions, we like to decorate our homes in red. It is the color of double happiness, representing joyous moments, auspiciousness, enthusiasm and prosperity. Red is one of the most suitable colors to describe the future of Beijing . Beijing , together with the whole country, is becoming more and more prosperous in the process of modernization. Should the 2008 Olympics be held in Beijing, the whole city will be a sea of red : the red torch,red flags, red flowers, and the radiant faces of millions of joyful people. Above all, the 2008 Olympics will be a green Olympics. Adding a green ingredient is essential in creating an appealing image, as we can't deny the fact that Beijing, at the moment, is not as green a city as what we like it to be. Striving for an environmentally appealing city has become a central task for all the citizens of Beijing. Big efforts have been made in pollution control, replanting and beautification of the city. According to a project entitled" The Green Olympic Action Plan", between 1998 and 2007, Beijing, we have invested 100 billion RMB in preserving and protecting the environment. Some 12.5 million trees and over 1 million acres of grass will be planted along the Fourth Ring Road. By then, the city's green area will make up 40% of its total. The city will also dredge its reservoirs used as a water supply to Beijing residents, controlling instrial pollution and moving out the 200 factories presently located within the city proper. Certainly, all of this is no easy task. But I am sure that all of us have confidence that we will realize these green goals. For now we have the full support and participation of the environmentally conscious citizens. Each citizen is showing great concern for every one of the steps the city government takes. As the saying goes, United, we stand, and a green Beijing will be achieved. When our aspiration becomes a reality, it will be a unique Olympics." New Beijing, Great Olympics"; will be weaved of these three superb colors: yellow, red and green. 追問： 用中文寫清楚 這篇英文文章研究的是什麼問題?這個問題是怎麼研究的?發現了什麼?這些發現意 味著什麼? 謝謝 回答： 第一篇與電有關

求採納

5. 英文科技論文寫作怎麼寫

一般碰到這種的很浪費時間，我都交給海碩之星論文幫忙，我的同學們都是在那找人幫寫的;

6. 如何撰寫科技論文英文信息型摘要

摘要抄：科技論文英文摘要是進行文件襲檢索，促進國際科技交流的重要手段。科技論文通常採用信息型摘要（Informative abstract），其內容包括研究背景、目的、方法、結果和結論五個方面，重點在於方法、結果和結論。摘要寫作應遵循客觀、寫實的原則，避免主觀評論和感情色彩。1．信息型摘要的寫作方法信息型摘要表達的是論文的內容要點，它是論文內容的濃縮和代表，也是國外文件檢索所使用的主要形式。科技論文英文摘要遵循科技論文准確、客觀和簡潔的語言特點，必須提綱挈領、重點突出、內容完整。按照科技論文的組織結構，摘要通常包括背景（Background）、目的（Purpose）、方法（Method）、結果（Result）和結論（Conclusion）五個方面：背景句：介紹研究的背景、現狀和問題，常用現在時。目的句：敘述研究的前提、目的、任務和所涉及的主題范圍，常用過去時。方法句：陳述研究所使用的原理、對象、材料、工藝、手段、程序等，常用過去時。結果句：陳述研究的結果、數據、效果、性能等，常用過去時。結論句：陳述對研究結果的分析、比較、應用，或根據結果提出問題、建議、預測等，常用現在時或情態動詞。

7. 科技英語論文（要帶翻譯的）

In recent years, people often complain about dishonesty in our society. In newspapers,illegal businessmen run false advertisements to deceive customers. In communication field, some people cheat money by sending false messages. On campus, we find some students cheating at exams. People are wondering why dishonesty is so prevailing?

There are several causes,to my mind, contributing to the bad phenomenon. Firstly, some people are money-oriented. They are crazy about improving their material life and forgetting moral sense. Secondly, competition in shopping areas is becoming more and more intense. This forced some people to make profit or attain their goals by false information. Thirdly, some people are eager to become rich overnight. They judge a person』s success by the wealth they possess. Finally, school life is full of eternal competition and each student tries to prove that he is more intelligent than the other students. Therefore students cheat on exams to get higher scores.

It pays to be honest in the long run. Being honest is beneficial to yourself and to other people,and honesty will bring you true friendship and more business opportunities. As a member of modern society, we should behave ourselves honestly and in return it will pave the way for our success and wealth.

Abstract: Nida』s ideas on translation have great influence on Chinese translation scholars. His recent statement－」 ideas have changed substantially」 －will surely have a negative impact on the development of translation studies in China. This paper aims at analyzing, from three perspectives, the reasons for Nida』s change of views on translation. It will also give a re-evaluation of the position and role of translation theories in translation studies, as well as explore the relation of theory and practice.

Key words: translation studies; translation theories; translation practice; descriptive study

Abstract: The paper tries to find the presupposition-triggers from the semantics and pragmatics level of the language. Then on the base of the above analysis, it gives out the features of presupposition. It also points out the great significance of telling from the presupposition-triggers to communication.

Key words: presupposition-triggers; features of presupposition; analyzable factors

8. 英文科技論文寫作的內容簡介

本書既可以作為高年級本科生、碩士和博士研究生科技英語課程的教材，也可供廣大科技工作者參考。

9. 英語專業畢業論文提綱的格式和內容

選題的基本思路、方法和主要觀點 論文寫作提綱： Ｉ. 引言 ＩＩ.翻譯中的文化「陷阱」現象專 ２.１習語及委婉語的屬誤譯 ２.２數字與顏色的誤譯 ２.３典故文化中的誤譯 ＩＩＩ.翻譯中文化「陷阱」的原因 ３.１地理環境 ３.２文化傳統 ３.３思維模式 ３.４價值觀念 ＩＶ.翻譯中文化誤譯的解決方法 ４.１理解中西文化差異性 ４.２提高跨文化翻譯意識 ４.３掌握有效的翻譯策略 Ｖ.結語 工作進度（以周為單位）：----- 這是大概的思路 格式 本來我想發個word 文檔供你參考 可是這里沒辦法發 就粘貼了大概的格式和思路 主要參考文獻------