Absolutely!---- 絕對正確!
Adorable! ---- 可愛極了!
Amazing! ---- 太神了!
Anytime! ---- 隨時吩咐!
Almost! ---- 差不多了! - Finished? - Almost!
Awful! ---- 好可怕呀!
After you. ---- 您先。
About when? ---- 大約何時?
All set? ---- 一切妥當?
Allow me! ---- 讓我來!
Baloney! ---- 胡扯!荒謬!
Behave! ---- 放尊重點!
Bingo! ---- 中了!
Boring! ---- 真無聊!
Bravo! ---- 太棒了!
Bull太好了! ---- 胡說!
C『mon! ---- 拜託了!
Check, please! ---- 唔該埋單!
Cheers! ---- 乾杯!
Congratulations! ---- 恭喜啊!
Correct! ---- 對的!
Crazy! ---- 瘋了!
d*amn! ---- 該死的!
Deal! ---- 一言為定!
Definitely! ---- 當然!
Disgusting! ---- 好惡心呀!
Drat! ---- 討厭!
Encore! ---- 再來一次!
Exactly! ---- 完全正確!
Fantastic! ---- 妙極了!
Farewell! ---- 再見啦!
Fifty-fifty! ---- 對半分!
Foul! ---- 犯規了!
Fresh! ---- 好有型!帥!
Gesundheit! ---- 保重!(特別用於對打噴嚏的人說)
Gone! ---- 跑了!
Gorgeous! ---- 美極了!
Great! ---- 太好了!
Hey! ---- 嘿!
Hopefully! ---- 希望如此!有希望的話...
Horrible! ---- 好可怕!
Hot! ---- 好辣!
Hurray!/Hurrah! ---- 萬歲!
Hush! ---- (肅靜)噓!
Hurry! ---- 快點!
Imagine! ---- 想想看!
Impossible! ---- 不可能吧!
Impressive! ---- 很感人,永生難忘!
Incredible! ---- 不可思議!
Indeed? ---- 真的?
Jesus! ---- 天啊!
Liar! ---- 你撒謊!
Listen! ---- 聽著!
Lousy! ---- 差勁!
Marverllous! ---- 棒極了!
Now! ---- 現在就做!
Objection! ---- 我抗議!
Outrageous! ---- 不得了!
Pardon! ---- 請再說一遍!
Peekaboo! ---- 躲貓貓!
Perfect! ---- 很完美!
Please! ---- 拜託了!
Present! ---- 到(有)!(用於點名時)
Probably! ---- 很可能!
Rats! ---- 差勁
㈡ 英語常用口語單詞有哪些
1. I see. 我明白了。
2. I quit! 我不幹了!
3. Let go! 放手!
4. Me too. 我也是。
5. My god! 天哪!
6. No way! 不行!
7. Come on. 來吧(趕快)
8. Hold on. 等一等。
9. I agree。 我同意。
10. Not bad. 還不錯。
11. Not yet. 還沒。
12. See you. 再見。
13. Shut up! 閉嘴!
14. So long. 再見。
15. Why not? 好呀! (為什麼不呢?)
16. Allow me. 讓我來。
17. Be quiet! 安靜點!
18. Cheer up! 振作起來!
19. Good job! 做得好!
20. Have fun! 玩得開心!
21. How much? 多少錢?
22. I'm full. 我飽了。
23. I'm home. 我回來了。
24. I'm lost. 我迷路了。
25. My treat. 我請客。
26. So do I. 我也一樣。
27. This way。 這邊請。
28. After you. 您先。
29. Bless you! 祝福你!
30. Follow me. 跟我來。
31. Forget it! 休想! (算了!)
32. Good luck! 祝好運!
33. I decline! 我拒絕!
34. I promise. 我保證。
35. Of course! 當然了!
36. Slow down! 慢點!
37. Take care! 保重!
38. They hurt. (傷口)疼。
39. Try again. 再試試。
40. Watch out! 當心。
41. What's up? 有什麼事嗎?
42. Be careful! 注意!
43. Bottoms up! 乾杯(見底)!
44. Don't move! 不許動!
45. Guess what? 猜猜看?
46. I doubt it 我懷疑。
47. I think so. 我也這么想。
48. I'm single. 我是單身貴族。
49. Keep it up! 堅持下去!
50. Let me see.讓我想想。
1. absolutely not. 絕對不是。
2. are you coming with me? 你跟我一起去嗎?
3. are you sure? 你能肯定嗎?
4. as soon as possible. 盡快。
5. believe me. 相信我。
6. buy it . 買下來!
7. call me tomorrow. 明天打電話給我。
8. can you speak slowly? 請您說得慢些好嗎?
9. come with me. 跟我來。
10. congratulations. 恭喜恭喜。
11. do it right! 把它做對。
12. do you mean it ? 你是當真的嗎?
13. do you see him often? 你經常見到他嗎?
14. do you see it? = do you understand? 你明白了嗎?
15. do you want it? 你要嗎?
16. do you want something? 你想要些什麼?
17. don』t do it . 不要做。
18. don』t exaggerate. 不要誇張。
19. don』t tell me that. 不要告訴我。
20. give me a hand . 幫我一下。
21. go right ahead. 一直往前走。
22. have a good trip. 祝旅途愉快。
23. have a nice day. 祝你一天過得愉快。
24. have you finished? 你做完了嗎?
25. he doesn』t have time. 他沒空。
26. he is on his way. 他現在已經在路上了。
27. how are you doing? 你好嗎?
28. how long are you staying ? 你要呆多久?
29. i am crazy about her. 我對她著迷了。
30. i am wasting my time . 我在浪費時間。
31. i can do it . 我能做。
32. i can』t believe it . 我簡直不能相信。
33. i can』t wait . 我不能再等了。
34. i don』t have time . 我沒時間了。
35. i don』t know anybody. 我一個人都不認識。
36. i don』t like it . 我不喜歡。
37. i don』t think so . 我認為不是。
38. i feel much better. 我感覺好多了。
39. i found it . 我找到了。
40. i hope so . 我希望如此。
41. i knew it . 我早知道了。
42. i noticed that. 我注意到了。
43. i see. 我明白了。
44. i speak english well. 我英語說得很好。
45. i think so . 我認為是這樣的。
46. i want to speak with him. 我想跟他說話。
47. i won. 我贏了。
48. i would like a cup of coffee, please. 請給我一杯咖啡。
49. i』m hungry. 我餓死了。
50. i』m leaving. 我要走了。
51. i』m sorry. 對不起。
52. i』m used to it . 我習慣了。
53. i』ll miss you. 我會想念你的。
54. i』ll try. 我試試看。
55. i』m bored. 我很無聊。
56. i』m busy. 我很忙。
57. i』m having fun. 我玩得很開心。
58. i』m ready. 我准備好了。
59. i』ve got it . 我明白了。
60. i』ve had it . 我受夠了。
61. it』s incredible! 真是難以置信!
62. is it far? 很遠嗎?
63. it doesn』t matter. 沒關系。
64. it smells good. 聞起來很香。
65. it』s about time . 是時候了。
66. it』s all right. 沒關系。
67. it』s easy. 很容易。
68. it』s good. 很好。
69. it』s near here. 離這很近。
70. it』s nothing. 沒什麼。
71. it』s time to go . 該走了。
72. it』s different. 那是不同的。
73. it』s funny. 很滑稽。
74. it』s impossible. 那是不可能的。
75. it』s not bad. 還行。
76. it』s not difficult. 不難.
77. it』s not worth it . 不值得。
78. it』s obvious. 很明顯。
79. it』s the same thing. 還是一樣的。
80. it』s your turn. 輪到你了。
81. let me see . 讓我想想。
82. let me know . 告訴我。
83. me too. 我也一樣。
84. not yet. 還沒有。
85. relax! 放鬆。
86. see you tomorrow. 明天見。
87. she is my best friend . 她是我最好的朋友。
88. she is so smart. 她真聰明。
89. show me . 指給我看。
90. tell me . 告訴我。
91. thank you very much. 多謝。
92. that happens. 這樣的事情經常發生。
93. that』s enough. 夠了。
94. that』s interesting. 很有趣。
95. that』s right. 對了。
96. that』s true. 這是真的。
97. there are too many people here. 這里人很多。
98. they like each other. 他們互相傾慕。
99. think about it . 考慮一下。
100. too bad! 太糟糕啦!
101. wait for me . 等等我。
102. what did you say? 你說什麼?
103. what do you think? 你認為怎樣?
104. what is he talking about? 他在說些什麼?
105. what terrible weather! 多壞的天氣。
106. what』s going on/ happening / the problem? 怎麼啦?
107. what』s the date today?今天幾號?
108. where are you going ? 你去哪裡?
109. where is he? 他在哪裡?
110. you are impatient. 你太性急了。
111. you look tired. 你看上去很累。
112. you surprise me. 你讓我大吃一驚。
113. you』re crazy. 你瘋了。
114. you』re welcome. 別客氣。
115. you』re always right. 你總是對的。
116. you』re in a bad mood. 你的心情不好。
117. you』re lying. 你在撒謊。
118. you』re wrong. 你錯了。
㈢ 「文明」的英語單詞是什麼 我要用的
文明 civilization 這個是名詞.
㈣ 說話文明用英語怎麼說
在日常對話口語中可以直接和對方說 "Watch your words."
或者"Language."
例如Sam和Jack正在說話,Sam說了一句帶回臟字的話,那麼Jack就可以對答Sam說
"Hi,watch your words!"
或者
"Hi,language!"
㈤ 用至少40個英語單詞描寫文明,禮貌的規則
Our nation takes pride in having a fine tradition of civility and respect and politeness. This and other negative pictures are running against such a tradition and do a lot harm to society. Not only the rule of law and order but also normal life can be affected and damaged. And worse still, young children might regard these people as examples and follow suit. And this moral loss is far-reaching and irrevocable
㈥ 英語文明禮貌用語
英語禮貌用語表達
http://www.51Test.net2003-9-21來源:洪恩在線
語言是人類傳遞信息和表情達意的工具。為了在聽話者和說話者之間建立起一座更
順暢的交流的橋梁,為了建立良好的個人形象,為了避免交流中尷尬或沖突的出現,人們要
使用禮貌用語。英語中一些常見的單詞,如:thanks,hello,hi,sorry等,均屬於最簡單
的禮貌用語。交談時對方因感冒而打噴嚏,對方會說:"Excuse me",而你會說:"God bles
s you!"。來到商店,售貨員會禮貌地問一句:"Can I help you, please?"。這些都是語言
禮貌原則的體現。
人們表達禮貌的方式多種多樣,比如:1. I thought you were needing me, Mr.
Singer.(用過去時表示禮貌); 2. May I come in, please?(用情態動詞表示禮貌);
3. Every piece of luggage has to be examined through.(用被動式表示禮貌);等等。
本文主要談的內容是關於英語中選擇合適的語言來表達禮貌的問題。
如果談論一個坐輪椅的人(在漢語中我們說殘疾人,而不是殘廢人),我們最好說a
challenged person,而不是a disabled person。形容老年人最好用senior people, 不要
用old people。也就是說,在英語使用過程中,應該盡量避免暗含性別、種族、身體、年齡
等偏見或歧視的語言。如:
例句一:Ms. Edward is a very large woman and moves around with difficulty but sh
e sparkles with intelligence and wit.。 在當代,如果人們因為種族或宗教原因對別人
表示不敬,就會被看作是「政治上的錯誤(politically incorrect)」,但是對體態豐滿者
的不敬和偏見卻並不是這樣。上句話中的but一詞暗示了說話者的偏見,即:肥胖者通常是笨
拙和愚蠢的。這明顯是一種對他人的冒犯,所以這句話可以改為:Ms. Edward, a very lar
ge woman who moves around with difficulty, sparkles with intelligence and wit.。
例句二:Her study looks at some of the special challenges faced by deaf people w
ho are married to normal partners.。使用normal作為與殘疾人相對的詞來形容健全的人
,實際上暗示身有殘疾的人abnormal。我們雖然可以說normal/abnormal hearing, vision
,body movement,etc.,但是normal和abnormal形容人則不甚合適。 這句話可以改為:He
r study looks at some of the special challenges faced by deaf people who are mar
ried to hearing partners.。
例句三:The islanders are a friendly and cheerful people, with a natural gift f
or music and dance that their Western visitors may well envy.。。每一個民族和文化
都傾向於給別的文化定型(如:parsimonious Dutch,hot-blooded Italians,dour Swiss
,conservative Canadians,等等),就算不考慮其中的偏見成分,這種定型沒有看到構成
整體的每個個體的特點。friendly and cheerful 實際上走向了種族主義的對立極端---過
分的討好。natural gift則太強調先天因素,暗含對後天努力的否定,對個體具體表現的忽
視。可以改為:Visitors to the island are made to feel welcome, and are urged to
take in some of the many music and dance performances that are a strong part of
the local culture.。
例句四:The rowdiest of the patrons were hauled off in the paddy wagon, and the
rest soon dispersed.。現在我們肯定不會說「That's awfully white of you」或者「Don
't try to jew me down」之類的暗含種族主義的言論,但是我們很少有人知道paddy在這里
暗含對愛爾蘭人的貶義。這類的例子還有:gyp(to swindle or cheat, from gypsy),I
ndian giver(to give only to take back),還有welsh或welch(break a promise or r
efuse to pay a debt)。英國人把梅毒叫作the French pox,而法國人則稱之為the Engli
sh pox。這句話可以改為:The rowdiest of the patrons were hauled off in the polic
e van, and the rest soon dispersed.。
還有一類禮貌涉及性別問題,這也是本文將要特別談到的問題。英語語言趨向於把
男性作為標准:絕大部分詞根是男性(陽性),而女性(陰性)則需要加詞綴具體說明。對
於力圖避免這類歧視的人來說,英語中最具挑戰性的部分是人稱代詞。從傳統語法角度來講
,使用he或him來指代未明性別者是可以的,但是現在越來越多的人把這看作是性別歧視。可
是英語中本來是沒有一個代詞專指代男性和女性集合中的任何一個的(有人發明了「shim」
,不過似乎沒有得到大眾的認可),所以為了避免性別歧視,人們只好寫作he/she,s/he或
把they用作一個單數代詞。he/she或s/he寫起來或聽起來很不順,而they作單數又不符合語
法,人們這么寫或這么說只是為了顯示自己不會使用陽性代詞來指代所有的人(包括女性)
。當然在口語中,象"Someone left this fan letter for you, but they didn't sign it
"這樣的句子聽起來是很自然的,也不會產生歧義,但是在書面語中語法規則要嚴格得多,所
以they一般只指第三人稱復數。如下面一句話就很不合適,並容易產生歧義:
Response to the new version of the program has been favorable; one custome
r, for example, said that they doubled their proctivity within the first three
weeks.。
另外,不定代詞each,every,anybody等本身是單數,所以按語法規定不能於they結
合,所以下面兩句話都是語法錯誤的:
Each student must hand in their own lab report.
Every guest was given a name tag when they arrived.
同時,我們也可以用he or she(him or her;his or hers),不過要注意一點:盡
量避免在一句話中重復使用he or she,否則就會顯得很邋遢。
當談話涉及到的對象不止是一個人時,用復數人稱代詞指代就顯得更加簡潔准確。比
如:
We asked each participant to speak openly about his feelings.
We asked all participants to speak openly about their feelings.(更好)
某些情況下,我們還可以用one來代替he(one有時也可以用來代替第一、二人稱)。
使用one時,通常說話者和聽話者屬於相同的集團,或者有著相同的特點,共同的利益。因此
,從某種意義上說,one傳達了「you or I」的意思。比如:As a writer, one could work
it into a book addressing other writers.( Is one making oneself clear?)。再比如
在一篇以phisicians為對象的文章中,與其說:Clinical judgment involves the phisici
an making use of his experience, as well as his knowledge of the particular pati
ent.,不如說:Clinical judgment involves making use of one's experience, as well
as one's knowledge of the particular patient。不過要注意一點:one也不可以過度使
用,否則顯得「stuffy」。
在某些可以和讀者進行直接交流的文體中,比如在手冊、說明書中,我們可以使用yo
u來代替第三人稱。如:
The reader should familiarize himself with these terms before proceeding.
Familiarize yourself with these terms before proceeding.(更好)
為了完全避免性別歧視,我們可以使用被動語態。比如與其說:The advantage to m
aking surgeon responsible for acquiring the research data is that he often acqui
res it in any case for clinical purposes.,不如說:The advantage to making surge
on responsible for acquiring the research data is that this information is often
required in any case for clinical purposes.。但是有時使用被動語態會使句子顯得笨
拙,或產生歧義,所以被動語態要慎重使用。
最後,我們還可以在主動句中避免使用代詞,一般情況下,這也是最簡便的方式。比
如:
A psychiatrist may ethically obtain research data from his patients, but h
is main objective must remain that of attending to their needs.
A psychiatrist may ethically obtain research data from patients, but must n
ot lose sight of the main objective of attending to their needs.(更好)
The bashful writer is reluctant to come right out and state his position f
irmly.
The bashful writer is reluctant to come right out and state a firm positio
n.(更好)
有時不用代詞很難准確的表情達意,這時應該優先考慮表意的准確性。
英語禮貌用語表達涉及到人們日常生活的方方面面,是一個龐大復雜的系統,本文只
就其中的一兩點問題進行了比較膚淺的探討。為了更加深入的了解英語禮貌用語表達,我們
必須深入的了解整個的英語文化,它的歷史,並在具體的語言實踐中去認識和掌握它。
㈦ 文明用語的英語單詞
1.hello!
你好
2.good
morning!
早上好
3.thank
you!
謝謝
4.you
are
welcome!
不用謝
5.excuse
me!
打擾一下
6.sorry。內
對不起容
7.welcome
to
...
歡迎您來...
8.could
you
follow
me,
please?
請您跟我來。
9.can
i
help
you?=what
can
i
do
for
you?
我能幫助您嗎?
10.you
first,
please!
您先請!
11.it』s
my
pleasure.
我很樂意
12.sorry
to
trouble
you.
對不起,麻煩您了
13.hope
you
could
help
me.
希望您能幫助我
14.how
can
i
get
to
...?
請問去...怎麼走?
15.here
we
are,
sir.
先生,我們到了。
16.it』s
my
pleasure.
我很樂意。
雖然不多,希望對你有幫助。
㈧ 跪求10句英語文明禮貌用語。
1. Have a nice day~系列:類似的比如have a nice weekend, have a nice vacation, have a nice evening, have a nice dinner .... 口語非常常用
2. After you. 讓別人先走的,比如進電梯啥的。多用於口語。
3. I hope this email/mail/letter finds you well.啟信佳。一般信件第一句。
4. Best wishes! 此致,信件最後一句
5. Please forward my kind regards to your family/XX. 祝福帶給別人
6. Please feel free to contact me if there is anything I can do for you.有我能幫上忙,請隨時和我聯系。
7. Thank you for ..... I sincerely appreciate your effort/help on this matter.
8. It is my great honor to meet/help you. 或者it is my great honor to have this opportunity to talk with you.此系列的,見到您/幫助您/有機會和您說話很榮幸。
9. I am so sorry for your loss. 或者I am so sorry to know that ... 就是聽到別人不幸的消息表示遺憾和同情
10. I apologize for doing something... 做了某事而道歉
11. Look forward to seeing you.希望見到您
12. Please take my opinion into your kind consideration.請考慮一下我的意見。
13. May x rest in peace... X去時了,希望它/他/她走的安詳。。。最好這句用不到。。。
㈨ 英語文明短語
語言是人類傳遞信息和表情達意的工具。為了在聽話者和說話者之間建立起一座更
順暢的交流的橋梁,為了建立良好的個人形象,為了避免交流中尷尬或沖突的出現,人們要
使用禮貌用語。英語中一些常見的單詞,如:thanks,hello,hi,sorry等,均屬於最簡單
的禮貌用語。交談時對方因感冒而打噴嚏,對方會說:"Excuse me",而你會說:"God bles
s you!"。來到商店,售貨員會禮貌地問一句:"Can I help you, please?"。這些都是語言
禮貌原則的體現。
人們表達禮貌的方式多種多樣,比如:1. I thought you were needing me, Mr.
Singer.(用過去時表示禮貌); 2. May I come in, please?(用情態動詞表示禮貌);
3. Every piece of luggage has to be examined through.(用被動式表示禮貌);等等。
本文主要談的內容是關於英語中選擇合適的語言來表達禮貌的問題。
如果談論一個坐輪椅的人(在漢語中我們說殘疾人,而不是殘廢人),我們最好說a
challenged person,而不是a disabled person。形容老年人最好用senior people, 不要
用old people。也就是說,在英語使用過程中,應該盡量避免暗含性別、種族、身體、年齡
等偏見或歧視的語言。如:
例句一:Ms. Edward is a very large woman and moves around with difficulty but sh
e sparkles with intelligence and wit.。 在當代,如果人們因為種族或宗教原因對別人
表示不敬,就會被看作是「政治上的錯誤(politically incorrect)」,但是對體態豐滿者
的不敬和偏見卻並不是這樣。上句話中的but一詞暗示了說話者的偏見,即:肥胖者通常是笨
拙和愚蠢的。這明顯是一種對他人的冒犯,所以這句話可以改為:Ms. Edward, a very lar
ge woman who moves around with difficulty, sparkles with intelligence and wit.。
例句二:Her study looks at some of the special challenges faced by deaf people w
ho are married to normal partners.。使用normal作為與殘疾人相對的詞來形容健全的人
,實際上暗示身有殘疾的人abnormal。我們雖然可以說normal/abnormal hearing, vision
,body movement,etc.,但是normal和abnormal形容人則不甚合適。 這句話可以改為:He
r study looks at some of the special challenges faced by deaf people who are mar
ried to hearing partners.。
例句三:The islanders are a friendly and cheerful people, with a natural gift f
or music and dance that their Western visitors may well envy.。。每一個民族和文化
都傾向於給別的文化定型(如:parsimonious Dutch,hot-blooded Italians,dour Swiss
,conservative Canadians,等等),就算不考慮其中的偏見成分,這種定型沒有看到構成
整體的每個個體的特點。friendly and cheerful 實際上走向了種族主義的對立極端---過
分的討好。natural gift則太強調先天因素,暗含對後天努力的否定,對個體具體表現的忽
視。可以改為:Visitors to the island are made to feel welcome, and are urged to
take in some of the many music and dance performances that are a strong part of
the local culture.。
例句四:The rowdiest of the patrons were hauled off in the paddy wagon, and the
rest soon dispersed.。現在我們肯定不會說「That's awfully white of you」或者「Don
't try to jew me down」之類的暗含種族主義的言論,但是我們很少有人知道paddy在這里
暗含對愛爾蘭人的貶義。這類的例子還有:gyp(to swindle or cheat, from gypsy),I
ndian giver(to give only to take back),還有welsh或welch(break a promise or r
efuse to pay a debt)。英國人把梅毒叫作the French pox,而法國人則稱之為the Engli
sh pox。這句話可以改為:The rowdiest of the patrons were hauled off in the polic
e van, and the rest soon dispersed.。
還有一類禮貌涉及性別問題,這也是本文將要特別談到的問題。英語語言趨向於把
男性作為標准:絕大部分詞根是男性(陽性),而女性(陰性)則需要加詞綴具體說明。對
於力圖避免這類歧視的人來說,英語中最具挑戰性的部分是人稱代詞。從傳統語法角度來講
,使用he或him來指代未明性別者是可以的,但是現在越來越多的人把這看作是性別歧視。可
是英語中本來是沒有一個代詞專指代男性和女性集合中的任何一個的(有人發明了「shim」
,不過似乎沒有得到大眾的認可),所以為了避免性別歧視,人們只好寫作he/she,s/he或
把they用作一個單數代詞。he/she或s/he寫起來或聽起來很不順,而they作單數又不符合語
法,人們這么寫或這么說只是為了顯示自己不會使用陽性代詞來指代所有的人(包括女性)
。當然在口語中,象"Someone left this fan letter for you, but they didn't sign it
"這樣的句子聽起來是很自然的,也不會產生歧義,但是在書面語中語法規則要嚴格得多,所
以they一般只指第三人稱復數。如下面一句話就很不合適,並容易產生歧義:
Response to the new version of the program has been favorable; one custome
r, for example, said that they doubled their proctivity within the first three
weeks.。
另外,不定代詞each,every,anybody等本身是單數,所以按語法規定不能於they結
合,所以下面兩句話都是語法錯誤的:
Each student must hand in their own lab report.
Every guest was given a name tag when they arrived.
同時,我們也可以用he or she(him or her;his or hers),不過要注意一點:盡
量避免在一句話中重復使用he or she,否則就會顯得很邋遢。
當談話涉及到的對象不止是一個人時,用復數人稱代詞指代就顯得更加簡潔准確。比
如:
We asked each participant to speak openly about his feelings.
We asked all participants to speak openly about their feelings.(更好)
某些情況下,我們還可以用one來代替he(one有時也可以用來代替第一、二人稱)。
使用one時,通常說話者和聽話者屬於相同的集團,或者有著相同的特點,共同的利益。因此
,從某種意義上說,one傳達了「you or I」的意思。比如:As a writer, one could work
it into a book addressing other writers.( Is one making oneself clear?)。再比如
在一篇以phisicians為對象的文章中,與其說:Clinical judgment involves the phisici
an making use of his experience, as well as his knowledge of the particular pati
ent.,不如說:Clinical judgment involves making use of one's experience, as well
as one's knowledge of the particular patient。不過要注意一點:one也不可以過度使
用,否則顯得「stuffy」。
在某些可以和讀者進行直接交流的文體中,比如在手冊、說明書中,我們可以使用yo
u來代替第三人稱。如:
The reader should familiarize himself with these terms before proceeding.
Familiarize yourself with these terms before proceeding.(更好)
為了完全避免性別歧視,我們可以使用被動語態。比如與其說:The advantage to m
aking surgeon responsible for acquiring the research data is that he often acqui
res it in any case for clinical purposes.,不如說:The advantage to making surge
on responsible for acquiring the research data is that this information is often
required in any case for clinical purposes.。但是有時使用被動語態會使句子顯得笨
拙,或產生歧義,所以被動語態要慎重使用。
最後,我們還可以在主動句中避免使用代詞,一般情況下,這也是最簡便的方式。比
如:
A psychiatrist may ethically obtain research data from his patients, but h
is main objective must remain that of attending to their needs.
A psychiatrist may ethically obtain research data from patients, but must n
ot lose sight of the main objective of attending to their needs.(更好)
The bashful writer is reluctant to come right out and state his position f
irmly.
The bashful writer is reluctant to come right out and state a firm positio
n.(更好)
有時不用代詞很難准確的表情達意,這時應該優先考慮表意的准確性。
英語禮貌用語表達涉及到人們日常生活的方方面面,是一個龐大復雜的系統,本文只
就其中的一兩點問題進行了比較膚淺的探討。為了更加深入的了解英語禮貌用語表達,我們
必須深入的了解整個的英語文化,它的歷史,並在具體的語言實踐中去認識和掌握它。
來自:google
㈩ 「文明」的英語單詞是什麼
civilization
culture
civilized