㈠ 08年考研英語閱讀理解第三篇翻譯
08年考研英語閱讀理解第三篇翻譯：
在世紀60年代早期，Wilt Chamberlain是美國國家籃球協會中僅有的身高超過7英尺的三個人之一。可是如果他參加了上個賽季的話，他就變成了42分之一了。這些年來在較大的職業體育運動中的運動員的身體狀況發生了很大的改變，而他們的經理人也更願意調整隊員的運動服來適應隊員們更大，更高的身材。
雖然體育界的這種趨勢可能蒙蔽了一個沒有被承認的現實：美國人基本上停止生長了。雖然現在人們比140年前高了2英寸，特別是那些出生在已移民美國很多代的那些人，但是明顯的，在二十世紀60年代早期，已經到達了他們的身高的極限。他們已經不可能再長得更高了。「在這個基因和環境的條件下，現在整體的人們已經長到我們能夠達到的范圍了，」Wright州大學的人類學家William Cameron Chumlea說道。拿NBA球員來說，他們身高的增加主要由於從世界各地招募到了球員。
身高的增長一般在20歲以後就停止了，而發育是需要能量和營養的，其中的蛋白質用來供給組織的生長。在20世紀初，營養不良和兒童疾病妨礙了整體的發育。但是當飲食和健康的促進，兒童和青少年平均每20年都增長了大概1.5英寸，這就是長高的趨勢。根據疾病防治中心，從1960年開始，人們的平均身高，男性5英尺9英寸，女性5英尺4英寸，就沒有怎麼改變了。
總的說來，避免太高的身高是有很多優點的。在生產時，較大的嬰兒通過產道是有更多的問題的。而且，就算人類已經直立行走已經幾百萬年了，我們的腳和背部繼續對抗著巨大的壓力，這些壓力來源於雙足直立的姿勢和巨大的肢體。「有一些限制是個體器官的基因結構導致的。」西北大學的人類學家William Leonard說道。
基因的最大化可以改變，但是不要期待它會馬上就能發生。Mass州的Natick的軍隊研究中心的高級人類學家Claire C. Gordon確信百分之九十的入伍新兵不需要更換新的制服和工作站。她說，不像那些籃球制服，軍隊的制服長度很長時間都沒有改變了。如果你需要在不遠的將來預測人類的身高而去設計一款新的設備，Gordon說基本上，「你都能夠使用現在的數據並且覺得非常地自信。」
Text 3
In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.
The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today』s people – especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations – apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren』t likely to get any taller. 「In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we』ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,」 says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.
Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients – notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height – 5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women – hasn』t really changed since 1960.
Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. 「There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the indivial organism,」 says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.
Genetic maximums can change, but don』t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, 「you could use today』s data and feel fairly confident.」
㈡ 誰有01年到08年考研英語真題閱讀理解的翻譯
http://www.docin.com/p-152299190.html 這個抄網站里都有，可惜只能在線看，下載要錢的吧！
㈢ 08年考研英語翻譯的問題
1、compensating advantage這里是相對於前面的difficulty而言的，因為困難，所以後面版有「彌補性」或權「補償性」的優勢，而advantage後面的of引導了介詞短語可以看作是它的定語形式，是對advantage的補充性說明，翻譯的時候並不需要直接把of譯出來，用一個分句形式把of結構體現出來即可。
2.如果一定要翻出「for which reason」的話，可以譯為「因為這一原因」，which指代的是前面的"his power....was very limited"；
3.as well founded the charge理解的時候可以還原為"the charge made by...is not well founded"，意為「站不住腳的」，「沒有根據的」；
4.the common run of men可以看作是個固定短語，表示「普通人」、「尋常人」之意，superior to也算是個固定搭配關系，表示「優於……」，「比……優越」，與起相反的是"inferior to"
希望以上對你有所幫助。
㈣ 為什麼考研英語的閱讀理解的中文翻譯那麼晦澀難懂
考研復英語閱讀部分的內容專業性很強制，都是些科技類科研類的，詞彙也都是比較生僻，平時不容易 接觸的，所以這就是為什麼考研英語比較難，不是生活化的內容，通常都是一些專刊，文獻，科技類的一些文摘之類的文章，平時可以多做這方面的閱讀練習，掌握考研詞彙。
㈤ 考研英語閱讀及翻譯題的來源
一、年考研英語文章出處 摘選自《2011年考研英語大逆轉》
1.完形填空 紐約時報（The New York Times） The Cost of Smarts
www.nytimes.com/2008/05/07/opinion/07wed4.html
2.閱讀第一篇 紐約時報（The New York Times） Can You Become a Creature of New Habits？
www.nytimes.com/2008/05/07/opinion/07wed4.html
3.閱讀第二篇 科學美國人（Scientific American） Who』』s Your Daddy？ The Answer May Be at the Drugstore
www.sciam.com/article.cfm？id=who-is-your-daddy-the-answer-may-be-at-the-drugstore
4.閱讀第三篇 麥肯錫季刊（The Mckinsey Quarterly） Ecating global workers
www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Ecating_global_workers_1375
5..新題型
encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761561730_6/Culture.html
二、2010年考研英語閱讀及翻譯題的來源
2010年知識運用試題來源：
考研英語完型填空部分，使用了2009年6月6日 Economist 《經濟學人》雜志上的一篇文章，文章主要內容，是對社會學上一個經典的理論：霍桑效應的批判和反思。文章難度適中。命題專家在出題的時候也進行了一定程度的改寫。
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_569c4e040100dmkj.html questioning the Hawthorne effect 或Light work; Questioning the Hawthorne effect，June 6, 2009
2010年考研英語閱讀真題出處：
第二篇閱讀文章
http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/08_09/b4073068471067.htm
第三篇閱讀文章：
Harvard_Business_Review200702，標題是：The Accidental Influentials
第四篇閱讀文章
Accounting rules are under attack. Standard-setters should defend them. Politicians and banks should back off. Economist Staff - The Economist《經濟學人》雜志，April 10, 2009
新題型試題的來源：
http://jobfunctions.bnet.com/abstract.aspx?docid=104383，A Wholesale Shift in European Groceries
2010年翻譯真題出處：
原文選自李奧帕德的《沙郡歲月：李奧帕德的自然沉思》，本書是環保生態的經典著作，中譯本由吳美真翻譯，中國社會科學出版社出版。
給2011年參加考研的學生的幾點建議：
1．打好基礎，從文章的改寫情況和考試命題趨勢來看，考研對於大綱詞彙要求還是很嚴格的，所以在准備考試之初就要背好單詞，突破單詞關。
2．選擇較新的輔導材料和語言素材，從最近幾年的考試來看，考研閱讀理解部分的文章和 考題的風格緊扣時代的節奏，主題很鮮明突出。因此選擇合適的考研閱讀素材來加強閱讀顯得非常重要。
三、2010年1月MBA翻譯題的來源：摘選自《決勝MBA英語高級篇》
原文是來自一份雜志，叫「experience life」，出題人做了部分改動，原文和改動的文章如下：
Sustainability has become something of a buzzword（出題人把這個單詞改為popular word） these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having enred a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.
Ning, director of LOHAS (Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability), the Boulder, Colo.–based information clearinghouse on sustainable living, recalls spending a tumultuous（出題人把這個詞改為了confusing） year in the late 』90s selling insurance. He』d been through the dot-com boom and bust（出題人似乎把這個詞改為burst了） and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.
It didn』t go well. 「It was a really bad move because that』s not my passion,」 says Ning, whose ambivalence about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. 「I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would pull alongside of the highway and vomit, or wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, 『Just wait, you』ll turn the corner, give it some time.』」
Ning stuck it out for a year because he simply didn』t know what else to do, but felt his happiness and health suffer as a result. He eventually quit and stumbled upon LOHAS in a help-wanted ad for a data analyst. 「I didn』t know what LOHAS was,」 he says, 「but it sounded kinda neat.」 It turned out to be a better fit than he could have ever imagined.
At the time, the LOHAS organization did little more than host a small annual conference in Boulder. It was a forum where progressive-minded companies could gather to compare notes on how to reach a values-driven segment of consumers — the LOHAS market — who seemed attracted to procts and services that mirrored their interest in health, environmental stewardship, social justice, personal development and sustainable living.
In contrast with his disastrous foray into the insurance business, Ning』s new job felt like coming home. Growing up in the foothills of the Rockies outside of Denver, he』d developed a love of the outdoors and a respect for the earth, while his parents provided a model of social activism — the family traveled widely, and at one point his parents created and operated a nonprofit that offered microcredit loans to small businesses in Vietnam and Guatemala. He has three adopted sisters from Vietnam and Korea. He studied international relations and Chinese at Colorado University and slipped easily into the Boulder lifestyle — commuting by bike, eating organics, buying local and the rest — though he stopped short of the patchouli-and-dreadlocks phase embraced by many of his peers. (He opted instead for the university』s ski team and, after graating, wound up coaching the Japanese development team ring the Nagano Olympics in 1998.)
From his ground-level job, Ning moved quickly up the ranks in the organization, becoming its executive director in 2006. 「When I got the job, LOHAS was a sleepy conference in Boulder,」 says Ning. Today, the forum is booming, the organization is expanding and the market is evolving. Ning has more than grown into the position he stumbled on in the want ads. 「I don』t consider this a job. It is really more of a calling.」
Ning, 41, coordinates the conference and oversees the organization』s annual journal and Web site (www.lohas.com), while compiling research on trends and opportunities for businesses. He also travels the country promoting — and explaining — the LOHAS concept and the burgeoning market it represents.
First identified by sociologist Paul Ray in the mid-1990s as 「cultural creatives,」 the U.S. market segment that embraces LOHAS today has grown to about 41 million consumers, or roughly 19 percent of American alts. But those LOHAS consumers are powerfully influencing the attitudes and behaviors of others (witness the rise of interest in yoga, all-natural procts, simplicity and hybrid vehicles). Which is why LOHAS-related procts now generate an estimated $209 billion annually.
「Over the last two years a green tidal wave has come over us,」 says Ning. Riding that wave, says Ning, is not about jumping on a trend bandwagon. It』s connecting with — and acting on — a set of shared, instrinsic values. 「People know what is authentic. You can』t preach this lifestyle and not live it,」 he says. He and his wife, Jenifer, live in a solar-powered home, raise organic vegetables in their backyard and drive a car that gets 48 miles to the gallon. He even buys carbon offsets to negate the global warming impact of his cell phone.
Ning emphasizes that there are many different ways of 「living LOHAS.」 Ultimately, it』s really about finding a way of life that makes sense and feels good — now and for the long haul. 「People are looking internally,」 he says, 「asking themselves, 『What really makes me happy?』 Is it the fact that I can go out and buy that giant flat-screen TV, or is it that I can have a quiet evening with my family just hanging out and playing a game of Scrabble?」
For Ning, it』s a no-brainer. He』ll take Scrabble every time.
㈥ 考研英語閱讀，2008年，text1，第一句的語法結構怎麼翻譯
答：屬因果句,現在分詞adding to作連接詞：
主語：her increased"opportunities" for stress
謂語：are
賓語：a women's increased dose of stress chemicals
試譯：在壓力環境下女性身體中會分專泌某屬種化學物質【個人推斷這種化學物質應該指的是女性激素】,而女性遭受壓力的機會越多,該物質的合成速度也越快.
㈦ 考研英語閱讀，2008年，text2，第四句，makes heavy reading怎麼翻譯
makes heavy reading 動賓結構
出版商讀這篇報告時一定會內心沉重，所以很難讀下去，他們的這種讀法就是「heavy reading」，意思是報告讓他們心裡很難受。