1. 三篇初二英語閱讀理解文章
選擇
December 25 is Christmas Day(聖誕節). Christmas is an important holiday in many countries. On Christmas Day, most families get together for a big dinner. They give presents to each other and visit friends. The Christmas tree is an important part of the Christmas holiday. Most families buy trees. The families decorate(裝飾) the tree together. Parents usually tell their children that Father Christmas comes ring the night and brings presents to good children. Of course, Father Christmas isn』t real. The parents of the children are really 「Father Christmas」. They put the presents under the tree or into their children』s stocking(長統襪) after the children go to sleep.
( )41. When is Christmas Day? __________.
A. November 25 B. December 25 C. December 24 D. December 26
( )42. What do most families in America do on Christmas Day? __________.
A. They only have a big dinner together
B. They have a big dinner, exchange (交換) presents and visit friends
C. They just visit friends and exchange presents
D. They exchange presents only
( )43. Who is really 「Father Christmas」? ___________.
A. Their parents B. Their father
C. Their mother D. Father Christmas
( )44. When Christmas Day is coming, the parents __________.
A. usually tell their children that Father Christmas isn』t real
B. tell their children that Father Christmas comes ring the night and brings presents to good children
C.sometimes tell their children that Father Christmas comes ring the day
D.often tell their children that Father Christmas gives presents to poor children
( )45. When did parents put the presents into their children』s stocking? __________.
A. Before the children go to sleep B. After the children go to sleep
C. December 26 D. At midnight of December 25
41. B 42. B 43. A. 44. B 45. B
回答問題
Every day people throw away mountains of(大量的)rubbish.Have you thought where it all goes and what happens to it?
Most of it goes into "landfills".We do not kown exactly where all these landfills are.And in fact,they are in most of our suburbs,close to where we live.
It may be hard to believe, but most of the cities in China are surrounded by rubbish.But putting the rubbish in landfills takes up too much space.
Another way to get rid of rubbish is to burn it.But this pollutes the air around us.The third way is recycling.This is becoming more popular.Plus,it is much better for our environment.
Q:
1.Every day people throw away mountains of (rubbish).
2.The word "landfills" means (垃圾場).
3.Where we can find the landfills (in most of our suburbs).
4.Another way to get rid of rubbish is to (burn it).
5.The third way is (recycling).
判斷
Xiao Ming is a middle school student.He is a good boy,and he studies very hard.But his family is very poor,because his mather got ill a few years ago,and his father has no job.He makes money by carrying goods for other people.Life is very hard for them,and sometimes Xiao Ming can't afford the school things.
When his teacher knew this,she called on her students to raise money for him. She asked them to bring theri saving-money to Xiao Ming and help him.All the student are ind and friendly.They are very glad to do it.Xiao Ming is so thankful that he studies harder than before
( )1:Xiao Ming is a good middle school girl.
( )2:His father lost his job.
( )3:His teacher called on his classmates toraise money for him.
( )4:He can afford the school things easily.
( )5:All of the students are very glad to help Xiao Ming
1 f
2 t
3 t
4 f
5 t
自己整理一下吧 裡面有答案了
2. 如何提高中學英語閱讀理解能力 畢業論文
英語閱讀的抄基礎是單詞，要多記多襲背，記憶單詞的方法有很多種，可以在閱讀中記憶單詞，這樣既不乏味也記得牢。
提高英語閱讀理解能力，最好能做到每天至少練習一篇。英語閱讀理解能力簡單的說就是：通過快速的閱讀文章、材料，快速的提取段落、文章的脈絡和重點，促進整理歸納分析，提高做題效率。快速閱讀是一種高效的閱讀方法，其原理在於激活「眼、腦」的潛能，培養和提高閱讀速度、整體感知、歸納理解、注意力集中等方面的能力，對應於閱讀理解方面的幫助很大。快速閱讀的練習可以參考《精英特全腦速讀記憶》。掌握快速閱讀後，可以快速的對文章的關鍵信息進行提取，提高做題效率和准確性，同時可節約大量的時間，做到游刃有餘。
做英語閱讀理解的時候要注意：閱讀時不要逐字逐句的翻譯，也不要一句話反復閱讀，即閱讀時碰到一時不理解的句子就一遍一遍地沉浸在閱讀那個句子當中，反復琢磨。其實完全沒有必要，因為要選對答案並不意味著對原文的每個句子都要讀懂，抓住一些重點句子就夠了，正確的做法是，以理解整個段落和整篇文章為主，在涵蓋出題點的句子上用心捉摸。
3. 誰幫我找10篇適合初中生閱讀的英語文章
1
A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present．On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office，a street urchin was walking around the shining car．「 this your car，Paul？」he asked．
Paul answered，「Yes，my brother gave it to me for Christmas.」 The boy was surprised．「You mean your brother gave it to you and it didn't cost you nothing？Boy，I wish…」 He hesitated．
Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for．He was going to wish he had a brother like that. But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly.
「I wish,」 the boy went on，「that I could be a brother like that.」 Paul looked at the boy in surprise, then he said again, 「Would you like to take a ride in my car？」
「Oh yes，I'd love that．」
After a short ride，the boy turned and with his eyes shining，said，「Paul，would you mind driving in front of my house？」
Paul smiled a little．He thought he knew what the boy wanted．He wanted to show his neighbours that he could ride home in a big car. But Paul was wrong again. 「Will you stop where those two steps are？」 the boy asked．
He ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled brother. He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car.
「There she is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn't cost him a cent. And some day I'm going to give you one just like it…then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas windows that I've been trying to tell you about.」
Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed older brother climbed in beside him and the three of them began an unforgettable holiday ride.
註：urchin 頑童 hesitate 猶豫 neighbour 鄰居 crippled 殘疾 cent 美分
1．The street urchin was very surprised when ________．
A．Paul received an expensive car
B．Paul told him about the car
C．he saw the shining car
D．he was walking around the car
2．From the story we can see the urchin ________．
A．wished to give his brother a car
B．wanted Paul』s brother to give him a car
C．wished he could have a brother like Paul's
D．wished Paul could be a brother like that
3．The urchin asked Paul to stop his car in front of his house ________．
A．to show his neighbours the big car
B．to show he had a rich friend
C．to let his brother ride in the car
D．to tell his brother about his wish
4．We can infer（推斷）from the story that ________．
A．Paul couldn't understand the urchin
B．the urchin had a deep love for his brother
C．the urchin wished to have a rich brother
D．the urchin's wish came true in the end
5．The best name of the name story is _________．
A．A Christmas Present
B．A Street Urchin
C．A Brother Like That
D．An Unforgettable Holiday Ride
KEY: 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C
2
「Cool」is a word with many meanings．Its old meaning is used to express a temperature that is a little bit cold．As the world has changed，the word has had many different meaning．
「Cool」can be used to express feelings of interest in almost anything．
When you see a famous car in the street，maybe you will say，「It's cool．」You may think，「He's so cool，」when you see your favourite footballer．
We all maximize（擴大） the meaning of「cool」．You can use it instead of many words such as 「new」 or 「surprising」．Here's an interesting story we can use to show the way the word is used．A teacher asked her students to write about the waterfall（瀑布）they had visited．On one student's paper was Just the one sentence，「It's so cool．Maybe he thought it was the best way to show what he saw and felt．
But the story also shows a scarcity（缺乏）of words．Without 「cool」，some people have no words to show the same meaning．So it is quite important to keep some credibility（可信性）．Can you think of many other words that make your life as colourful as the word 「cool」？ I can．And I think they are also very cool．
1．We know that the word "cool" has had ________.
A．only one meaning B．no meanings
C．many different meanings D．the same meaning
2．In the passage，the word「express」means「________」.
A．see B．show C．know D．feel
3．If you are _______ something，you may say，「It』s cool.」
A．interested in B．angry about
C．afraid of D．unhappy with
4．The writer takes an example to show he is ________ the way the word is used．
A．pleased with B．strange to
C．worried about D．careful with
5．In the passage，the writer suggests（暗示）that the word 「cool」________．
A．can be used instead of many words
B．usually means something interesting
C．can make your life colourful
D．may not be as cool as it seems
KEY: 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D
3
The students were having their chemistry（化學）class. Miss Li was telling the children what water was like. After that, she asked her students, 「What's water?」No one spoke for a few minutes．Miss Li asked again，「Why don't you answer my question？Didn't I tell you what water is like？」
Just then a boy put up his hand and said，「Miss Li，you told us that water has no colour and no smell．But where to find such kind of water？The water in the river behind my house is always black and it has a bad smell．」Most of the children agreed With him．
「I'm sorry，children．」said the teacher，「Our water is getting dirtier and dirtier．That's a problem．
1．The students were having their _______ class．
A．English B．Chinese C．chemistry D．maths
2．Miss Li was telling the children what ______ was like．
A．water B．air C．earth D．weather
3．A boy said，「The water in the river behind my house is always _______．」
A．white B．black C．clean D．clear
4．Most of the children _______ the boy．
A．agreed with B．wrote to
C．heard from D．sent for
5．The water in the river has colour and smell because it is getting _______．
A．more and more B．less and less
C．cleaner and cleaner D．dirtier and dirtier
KEY: 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．D
4
In 1620, about half the USA was covered by forests． Today the forests have almost gone． A lot of good land has gone with them, leaving only sand． China doesn't want to the USA's example． We're planting more and more trees． We've built the " Great Green Wall" of trees across northern part of our country．The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometres long, and between 400 and 1,700 kilometres wide． It will stop the wind from blowing the earth away． It will stop the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south． More "Great Green Walls" are needed． Trees must be grown all over the world． Great Green Walls will make the world better．
根據短文內容，選擇正確答案。
1．In 1620, about ______ the USA was covered by forests．
A．a third B．half C．two thirds D．a fourth
2．A lot of good land has gone with ______．
A．sand B．water C．wind D．forests
3．The Great Green Wall in China is ______ long．
A．7,000 kilometers B．1,700 kilometers
C．7,000 meters D．400 kilometers
4．Trees must be grown in ______.
A．China B．the USA
C．some countries D．every part of the world
5．______ will make the world better．
A．The Great Wall B．Tall buildings
C．Great Green Walls D．Flowers and grass
KEY: 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．C
5
The English people like take-away food． The most popular food is fish and chips．They usually go to a fish and chip shop．They put the food in paper bags, and take it home, or to their work place． At lunch time, many people eat take-away food in the park． Chinese takeaways are also very popular in England． People in the USA and Australia like Chinese take-away food, too． But the most popular food in the USA is fried chicken．
根據短文內容判斷正（T）誤（F）。
1．People in England like fish and chips．
2．Fish and chips are the most popular food in China．
3．The English people often go to a fish and chip shop．
4．They put the food in paper bags．
5．They take the food only to their work place．
6．They never eat take-away food in the park．
7．Chinese takeaways are popular in England．
8．People in Australia don't like Chinese take-away food．
9．The most popular food in Australia is fried chicken．
10． Fried chicken is the most popular food in the USA．
根據短文內容，用Ⅱ欄中適當的詞語完成Ⅰ欄的內容。
Ⅰ
11．Fish and chips are
12．The English people go to a fish and chip shop
13．People eat take-away food
14．People take the food home
15．The American people also like
Ⅱ
A．in the park at lunch time．
B．Chinese take-away food．
C．the most popular take-away food in England．
D．or to their work place
E．to buy take-away food．
KEY:
1．T 2．F 3．T 4．T 5．F 6．F 7．T 8．F 9．F 10．T
11．C 12．E 13．A 14．D 15．B
6
Once Einstein gave a lecture in many places in America． His driver always listened to him and knew the lecture so well that he was sure be could give it himself． So Einstein agreed that the driver gave the lecture him．
As nobody knew Einstein there, the driver gave the lecture for Einstein that evening． At first he was a bit afraid, but Einstein's smile made him feel better． He gave a good lecture and the people were quite pleased．
Then the driver started to leave and Einstein followed him without a word． When they got to the door, a man asked the driver a difficult question．
The driver said that the question was very easy, and told the man to ask his driver behind to answer it．
根據短文內容填空，每空限填一詞。
Einstein gave the (1) ______ lecture again and again． His driver (2) ______ to his lecture so many times (3) ______ he wanted to give it (4) ______． When Einstein knew it, he let the driver (5) ______ the lecture for him that night． The driver gave a (6) ______ lecture and the great scientist was quite pleased．
When they were (7) ______ the lecture room, a man asked the driver a question． To show (8) ______ easy the question was, the driver asked Einstein who followed him (9) ______ to answer it (10) ______ of him．
KEY:
1．same 2．listened 3．that 4．himself 5．give
6．good 7．leaving 8．how 9．quietly(behind) 10．instead
7
Fei Xiang, whose English name is Kris phillips, is a Chinese American. He is nearly two meters tall, with blue eyes, looking like an Asian. Though he was born in Taiwan, he grew up speaking Chinese to his mother and English to his father and students at Stanford University in California. Later he returned from abroad to Taiwan and become a singer.
In 1986, Fei Xiang visited the mainland（中國大陸）and turned into a pop star there. He was well know among the young people and his songs were widely accepted, such as 「Five in the Winter」, 「Clouds of My Homeland」and so on.
He left the mainland for New York four years later. There he worked as a lowly member. He lived a quiet life in New York, for only a few people know his name. Now phillips is panning to end his six—year stay in the USA and return to the mainland and his recording career（生涯）. His new project is to introce
（介紹）the mainland to the music of the Broadway stage（白老匯戲劇藝術）, including（包括）the song 「Maria」 from 「West Side Story」.
1. Kris phillip』s mother is _________and his father is________.
A. Chinese, American B. Chinese, Chinese C. American, Chinese D. English, American
2 .Mr Kris phillips became famous as big pop star________.
A. in the United Stares B. in the place where he was born C. in the mainland D. at Stanford University
3. What』s the order in which phillips did the following things?
a.made a decision to return to PRC(中國)
b.learned Chinese from his mother and English from his father
c.was widely welcomed by the young people
d.worked as a lowly member
A. b e c d a B. e b d c a C. d e b a c D. c a b e d
4. Fei Xiang is best known China for_______.
A.his plan to interoce the mainland to the music of Broad way stage
B.「West side story」 C. his perfoemace(演出) D. his special nationlity(國籍)
5. Which of the following is true?
A.Fei Xiang』s parents are both teachers. B. Fei Xiang lived in the mainland for four years.
C. Fei Xing is regarded as a big pop star both in America and China.
D. Fei Xiang returned to the mainland in 1896.
KEY: DBACB
8
A friend of mine was fond of drawing horse. He drew the horses very well,but he always began the tail. Now it is the Western rule to begin at the head of the horse, that is why I was surprised. It struck me that it could not really make any difference whether the artist begins at the head or the tail or the belly（肚子） or the foot of the horse, if he really knows his business. And most great artists who really know their business do not follow other people's rule.They make their own rules. Every one of them does his work in a way peculiar(奇特的) to himself; and the peculiarity means only that he finds it more easy
to work in that way.
Now the very same thing is true to literature(文學). And the question, "How shall I begin?" only means that you want to begin at the head instead of beginning at the tail or somewhere else. That is, you are not yet experienced(有經驗的) enough to trust to your own powers. When you become more experienced you will
never ask the question, and I think that you will often begin at the tail --that is to say, you will write the end of the story before you have even thought of the beginning.
1. A friend of the writer's drew the horses ____.
A. very well
B. in the way of western rule
C. in the way of his own rule
D. all of the above
2. The writer was surprised because ____.
A. the artist began to draw at the head of the horse
B. the artist began to draw at the tail of the horse
C. the artist made his own rule
D. the artist did not follow other people's rule
3. You are not yet experienced because ____.
A. you don't know where to begin
B. you want to begin at the head instead of beginning at the tail
C. you always asked question
D. you do not trust to your own powers
4. When you become more experienced you will ____.
A. never ask question
B. often begin at the tail
C. should write the end of the story
D. should think of the beginning
5. The topic of the passage is ______.
A. How to draw a horse
B. How to write a story
C. How to make your own rules
D. Trust to your own powers
Key: CDDCD
4. 初中英語優秀教學論文淺談如何提高初中學生的英語閱讀
一、盡早抓起，循序漸進，持之以恆
學生英語閱讀能力的培養和提高並非一朝一夕所能達到，而是需要經過師生長期堅持不懈的努力，方能一點一點的提高。那種你認為讓學生在初一、初二打好英語基礎知識的底子，等初三再突擊閱讀能力的訓練之方法是不可取的。因此，在學生進入初中階段後，教師就需要制定周密的計劃，有條不紊，堅持不懈的對學生的閱讀能力進行長期的系統的訓練。經過這樣長期的堅持訓練，學生的閱讀量會日益擴大，隨著閱讀量的不斷加大，學生的閱讀能力也就自然而然的得到了培養和提高。
二、合理安排教學步驟，有層次地引導學生閱讀
1.引導學生快速閱讀，捕捉大意，擴大閱讀視幅面，培養他們良好的閱讀習慣，訓練閱讀速度，提高概述能力。
2.指導學生精讀全文，把握信息，然後有效指導學生學習語言知識，培養他們理解、掌握和應用語言知識的能力。
3.引導學生充分利用課本，強化課文整體理解教學，課文是最好的閱讀材料，須充分利用。教師在組織學生學習課文時，應把課文當作一個整體來組織教學。這種教學方法能提高學生的英語學習興趣，調動學生的學習積極性。當然，除此之外，採取一定的方法來培養學生的閱讀能力是必要的。如：在安排學生預習課文時可讓學生找出重點段落的中心句或用英語來說出這部分的意思來，這樣經過長期不懈的訓練，就可逐步培養和提高學生的英語閱讀能力
5. 初中英語完型閱讀的文章及它翻譯，盡快，短一點的，10篇，盡快，不行給英文先
買一本練習冊不就行了嘛
都帶翻譯的，
還很短，
放心
6. 如何提高中學生英語閱讀能力 論文
閱讀理解是高中英語教學的側重點。其目的是不僅要讓學生學會語言知識，獲取文章提供版的信息，領權悟文章的內涵，更重要的是要使學生掌握閱讀的方法和技能，成為獨立閱讀能力的人。同時中學英語教學大綱也指出：「中學英語教學的目的，是對中學生進行聽、說、讀、寫的基本訓練，培養學生口頭的和書面的初步運用英語的能力，側重培養閱讀能力。
7. 如何培養初中生的英語閱讀能力英語教學論文
首要的任務是來要擺正自師生以往不平等的關系，創設寬松和諧的教學氛圍。特別在中學，由於中學生的心理發展還極不成熟，教師的言行對學生的影響會產生很大的正向作用，所以在課堂上，教師不能擺著「師尊」的「架子」，語言應該友善親切，態度應該和藹可親，一改自上而下的傳授方式，無論是講授知識還是與學生交談，輔導學生時，都應充分尊重和熱愛學生的一切需要，努力成為學生學習的引路人。
8. 初中英語閱讀短篇文章
1.Once Einstein gave a lecture in many places in America． His driver always listened to him and knew the lecture so well that he was sure be could give it himself． So Einstein agreed that the driver gave the lecture him．
As nobody knew Einstein there, the driver gave the lecture for Einstein that evening． At first he was a bit afraid, but Einstein's smile made him feel better． He gave a good lecture and the people were quite pleased．
Then the driver started to leave and Einstein followed him without a word． When they got to the door, a man asked the driver a difficult question．
The driver said that the question was very easy, and told the man to ask his driver behind to answer it．
2.Ali,who was working a long way from home wanted to send a letter to his wife,but he could neither read nor write, and he had to work all day,so he could only look for somebody to write his letter late atnight .At last he found the house of a letter writer whose name was Nasreddin.
Nasreddin was already in bed."It is late,"he said. "What do you want?" "I want you to write a letter to my wife , "said Ali , Nasreddin wasnot pleased. He thought for a few seconds and then said, "Has theletter got to go far?" "What does that matter?" answered Ali.
"Well, my writing is so strange that only I can read it, and if I have to travel a long way to read your letter to your wife, it will cost you a lot of money." Ali went away quickly.
Multiple choice 。
3.An old man died and left his son a lot of money. But the son was a foolish young man,and he quickly spent all the money, so that soon hehad nothing left.Of course ,when that happened, all his friends lefthim.When he was quite poor and alone, he went to see Nasreddin, who was a kind, clever old man and often helped people when they had troubles.
"My money has finished and my friends have gone,"said the young man. "What will happen to me now?"
"Don't worry , young man,"answered Nasreddin."Everything will soon be all right again.Wait ,and you will soon feel much happier."
The young man was very glad."Am I going to get rich again then? " heasked Nasreddin.
"No, I didn't mean that," said the old man."I meant that you would soon get used to being poor and to having no friends."
Multiple choice .
4.The English people like take-away food． The most popular food is fish and chips．They usually go to a fish and chip shop．They put the food in paper bags, and take it home, or to their work place． At lunch time, many people eat take-away food in the park． Chinese takeaways are also very popular in England． People in the USA and Australia like Chinese take-away food, too． But the most popular food in the USA is fried chicken．
5.The Komodo lizard is the world's largest lizard(蜥蜴). It was not discovered until this century and was named only in 1921. It was formerly found on three Indonesian islands: Komodo, Rintja and Flores. By the 1930's, in spite of government protection, the population of this great lizard had been reced to a few hundred. It was, however, still found on the three main islands and there were still lizards of over 4 metres in length. By 1963, after a period of only fifty years since its discovery, the entire population was based on Komodo. It is now unusual to see one as long as 3 metres. The lizard's normal food consists mainly of wild goats and pigs, animals which the islanders also hunt. This, of course, means that the lizard often gets too little to eat. It will certainly die out soon its hunting and breeding(繁殖) grounds are protected more effectively.
6.At the Barber's Shop(理發店)
Jack went to a barber's shop and had his hair cut, but when he came out, he
was not happy with the result(結果). When his friend Bob saw him, he laughed
and said, "What has happened to your hair,Jack?"
Jack said, "I tried a new barber's shop today, because I wasn't quite satisfied
with my old one, but this one seems even worse."
Bob agreed(同意). "Yes, I think you're right, Jack. Now I'll tell you what
to do when you go into a barber's shop next time: look at all the barber's hair,
find out whose hair looks worst, and then go straight to him."
"Why shall I go to him?" Jack asked. "But that would be foolish!"
"Oh, no, it wouldn't," answered Bob. "Who cut that man's hair? Just think
it. He couldn't cut it himself, could he? Another of the barbers cut it. So
you know he can't be the worst barber."
7.Mr Perkin's New Car
Mr Perkin stood at the bus-stop and watched the cars go by. Many of the cars
were new Beta 400s, and most of them were yellow. Mr Perkin always wore the
same clothes as other men, ate the same food as other people, and did the same
things after work, and at the end of the week, Mr Perkin did not like to be
different.
The following week, Mr Perkin bought a new, bright yellow Beta 400s. He was
satisfied with it, and drove to work in it the very next day. He was even more
satisfied with his new car, when he saw all the other Beta 400s, in front, behind,
and on both sides of him.
Mr Perkin parked(停車) his car in a big car-park(停車場) near his office,
and walked the rest of the way. But when he came back at five o'clock, there
were so many bright yellow Beta 400s in the car-park that he did not know which
car was his. He tried his key in some of the cars, but people passing by gave
him a look he didn't like. So he stopped.
Poor Mr Perkin had to wait nearly two hours until his was the only yellow
Beta 400s in the car-park.
8.A long time ago people thought that the sun went round the earth. In some
countries people even said that the sun was a god(神). They thought the god
drove across the sky each day on a golden horse. Now we know the earth goes
round the sun. It takes the earth a year to go all way round the sun. Today
men even know how far it is for the earth to go round the sun. They tell us
that the earth travels over a thousand miles a minute on its journey round the
sun.\$
The sun is really a star. It is much bigger than the earth and it is very
hot. Some people have been to the moon but we know that no one can ever go to
the sun. It is far too hot for people to live anywhere near it. The sun is three
hundred thousand times heavier than the earth and more than million times larger.\$
9.The Farmer, His Horse, and His son
Once there was an old farmer, with a horse which was almost as old as himself.
He set out one morning with his son to sell the horse before it died. Father
and son walked, because the farmer did not want the horse to be too tired.
They met two men on the road who said, "Why are you walking, farmer? You have
a horse, It's a long way to market(市場). "The farmer know that this was true,
so he rode on the horse, while his son walked.
Then they met two old women, "What are you doing up there, farmer? Can't you
see how tired boy is?" So the farmer got down, and his son rode instead.\$
Next, three old men stopped them, one said, "Why are you walking, farmer?
Get up, It's too hot for an old man like you to walk today," So the farmer got
up behind his son, and they rode on.
Some time later, a young woman passed them, "Why aren't you walking?" she
asked, "It isn't far to the market. Give your poor horse a rest."
So the farmer, and his son, got down once again. It is a fact that you cannot
please all the people all the time.
10.I Want to Be a Dustman
Tom was ten years old, and he was a very lazy boy, He didn't like doing any
work. He had to go to school of course, but he didn't study hard there and tried
to do as little work as possible. His father and mother were both doctors and they
hoped that their son would become one, too, when he grew up. But one day Tom
said to his mother, "When I finish school, I want to be a stman."
"A stman?" his mother asked, she was very surprised. "That's not a very
pleasant job, why do you
9. 初中英語教學論文 《新目標英語》用什麼模式進行閱讀教學
[摘要]：本文探討初中《新目標英語》英語進行閱讀課堂教學的可行模式。從國外的閱讀理論模式縱觀初中《新目標英語》英語閱讀課堂教學的模式，結合實踐，歸納出適合初中《新目標英語》英語閱讀課堂教學的可行模式及基本結構、教學策略。
[關鍵詞]：新目標英語、閱讀教學、教學模式、教學策略。
《新目標英語》中每個單元分Section A 和 Section B兩部分， Section A是一個單元的基本內容，Section B是一個單元知識的擴展和綜合語言運用。在平時的閱讀課教學中，有的教師在Section A的教學中強調基本詞彙、語法項目的掌握與記憶，Section B部分也是操練目標語，進行詞彙的擴展，所以B部分再出現一篇閱讀文章往往就被忽視了；有的教師則是把閱讀教學定位於核對3a所設置問題的答案，完成3b的練習、3c的寫作；而有的教師教學模式單一，使學生很難形成綜合語言運用的能力，同時也阻斷了創造性思維的路徑。因此，研究《新目標英語》採用何種閱讀教學模式，對使用《新目標英語》教材地區提高教學水平有著極其重要的作用。
一、國外閱讀理論的主要模式。
國外閱讀理論的主要模式是指Gough, Goodman及Rumelhart等提出的三個模式，即「自下由上」（bottom-up）模式，「自上而下」(top-down)模式和「相互作用」（interactive reading）模式和圖示政論。
1 、「自下而上」模式理論。「自下而上」模式又稱為信息加工模式。閱讀是由低級的單詞解碼到最終獲取信息的過程。閱讀是讀者從辨認字母開始，到組成單詞、片語、句子、語段等，逐級由語言、詞素等最基本的單位聚合而成，向整體意義發輾的過程。 閱讀教學的合理順序是先教字母、詞，然後過渡到培養高級閱讀水平的閱讀技巧。依據這一理論，教師在進行閱讀教學時，主要是通過教單詞、片語，幫助學生掃清語言上的障礙。但人們發現，盡管有些文章不存在任何語言障礙，但要理解文章的整體或是作者的意圖卻很難。
2、「自上而下」模式理論。該閱讀模式又稱語言心理模式，形成於20世紀60年代末至70年代初期。K.S.Goodman F Smith提出了另一種閱讀理解模式，「自上而下」模式。該理論認為：閱讀並非是一個精確知覺的系列加工過程，而是一個以讀者先驗知識為基礎的取樣、預期、檢驗和證實的「由內而外」的循環過程。他認為閱讀乃是一種心理語言學的猜謎游戲，它包括了思想和語言之間的相互作用。有效的閱讀並非精確地辨認所有的文字成分的結果，而是選擇那些對於產生有效的猜測來說是必要的，而且是最少的，最有效的線索的技能。與自下而上模式相反，該模式強調運用對有關主題的了解及上下文所提供的語境來猜測整體意義。但是如果不具備識別詞彙和句法結構的基本能力，僅*這一模式，是談不上真正理解文章的。「自上而下」的閱讀模式強調讀者是閱讀的中心，過分誇大了讀者在閱讀中的主觀預測、推理等作用，忽視了構成閱讀基礎德自下而上的「讀」的解碼過程，忽視了篇章在傳遞信息過程中的重要性。
3、交互作用模式理論。該理論包容了「自下而上」的閱讀模式和「目上而下」的閱讀棋式這兩種視角，更能體現閱讀的本質，因此優於上述兩種模式，是一種更有效、更理想的閱讀模式。這是人工智慧學家D.E.Rumelhart於1977年提出了第三種閱讀模式，即「相互作用」模式。該模式強調閱讀理解既是語言文字的處理過程，又是讀者已有背景知識的運用和處理過程，即把閱讀過程描寫為雙向的，即有效的閱讀是將「自下而上」與「自上而下」的緊密聯系，使讀者在大腦里的知識與文字材料之間達到最佳的相互作用。
4、圖示政論。圖示理論認為，任何篇章，無論是口頭的還是書面的，其本身並不承載任何意義，而是向讀者提供該如何從他們先前獲得的知識中檢索和構建意義的指示。讀者先前獲得的知識叫做讀者的背景知識，先前獲得的知識結構叫做圖式。根據這種理論，我們的知識不是靜態的，而是不斷重新組織的結構，在信息的認知加工過程中重新入到已有的圖式中去。圖式閱讀理論充分揭示了閱讀的木質，認為讀者理解一篇語言材料的過程就是讀者頭腦中的圖式與語言材料所提供的信息之間相互作用的過程。越來越多的研究表明，在閱讀教學中，只有對這種交互作用的兩方面予以足夠重視，才能在培養學生閱讀能力的過程中收到事半功倍的效果。
二、閱讀理論對英語閱讀教學的啟示。
1、培養學生合理運用多種閱讀策略的能力。閱讀材料具有多樣性，它們具有不同的閱讀難度。這就要求我