⑴ 求20篇短篇初中英語閱讀理解題
（A）
In the world ,soccer of football is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years.
To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup ,children from different countries and more than 60 children from Japanese schools came together and spent three weekends drawing a big picture called 「Dream(夢幻) World Cups 」in Japan .The children drew animals, flowers and people playing soccer under a bule bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags(旗幟)of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea.The picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama .Some football teams will have games there.
Are you a football fan(迷)？The World Cup makeds more and more people interested in football Teenagers(青少年)like playing and watching football .Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favourite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as children in Japan.
1. If a country wants to take part in the World Cup ,she must have______.
A. Many football fans B. a very good team C. many football player D. a big playground
2. The next World Cup will be held in_______.
A. 2006 B. 2007 C. 2005 D. 2004
3. From the passage ,in the picture children drew many things except_________.
A. people playing football B. pictures of some football stars C. a sunny sky D. flowers
4. In 「Dream World Cup」,the children drew the flags of some countries______. </P< p>
A. to show their love for their owe country
B. to tell the people their stories
C. to show their good wishes for the football teams
D. to show their new ideas about football
5.Many teenagers owe the pictures of some football stars because______.
A. they are interested in football B. they are football fans
C. they think their favourite players are great D. all of A,B and C
（B）
In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artis .So he invented a very simple camera (照相機).He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of hia garden .That was the first photo.
The next important date in the history of photography (攝影術) was in 1837. That year, Daguere, another Frenchman ,took a picture of his reading room .He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly ,even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.
Soon, other people began to use Daguerre』s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world .people took picture of famous buildings, cities and mountains.
In about 1840, photography was developed .Then photographers could take picture of people and moving things .That was not simple .The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them ,for example, some in the United States worked so hard.
Mathew Brady was a famous American photographers. He took many picture of gread people .The picture were unusual beause they were very lifelike(栩栩如生的)
Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century .Some photod were nor just cooies of the real world .They showed and feelings,like other kinds of art.
6. The first photo taken by Niepce was a picturte of ____________
A. his business B. his house C. his garden D. his window
7. The Daguerrotype was____________. </P< p>
A. a Frenchman B. a kind of picture C. a kind of camera D. a photographer
8. If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840j, he had to__________.
A. watch lots of films B. buy an expensive camera
C. stop in most cities D. take many films and something else with him.
9. Mathew Brady______________.
A. was very lifelike B. was famous for his unusual pictures
C. was quite strong D. took many pictures of moving people
10. This passage tells us_____________.
A. how photography was developed B. how to show your ideas and feelings in pictures
C. how to take pictures in the world D. how to use different cameras
（C）
Americans with small families own a small car or a large one. If both parents are working, they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van(住房汽車)
A small car can hold(容納)four persons and a large car can hold six persons but it is very crowded(擁擠). A van hold seven persons easily, so a family three children could ask their grandparents to go on a holiday travel They could all travel together.
Mr.Hagen and his wife had a third child last year. This made them sell a second car and bus a van. Their children sixth and seventh seat are used to put other things, for a family of five must carry many suitcases(衣箱)when they travel. When they arrive at their grandparents』 home , the suitcases are brought into the two seats can then carry the grandparents.
Americans call vans motor homes. A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family are traveling to the mountains or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or weeks. All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life when they are traveling together. That is why motor homes have become very popular. In America there are many parks for motor homes.
11. From the passage, a van is also called ____________.
A. a motor car B. a motor home C. a motorbike D. a big truck
12. Before Mr. Hagen and his wife bought a van, they__________.
A. sold their old house B. moved to their grandparents』 house
C. built a new place for a van D. sold their second car
13. A motor home is usually owned by a family with__________.
A. a baby B. much money C. more than two children D. interest in vans
14. Americans usually use motor homer____________.
A. to travel with all the family members of holiday
B. to do some shopping with all the family members
C. to visit their grandparents at weekends
D. to drive their children to school every day
15. Motor homes have become popular because___________.
A. they can take people to another city when people are free
B. they can let families have a happier life when they go out for their holidays
C. some people think motor homes are cheap
D. big families can put more things in motor homes
（D）
Surtsey was born in 1963.Scientists saw the birth of this island. It began at 7.30 a.m. on 14th November. A fishing boat was near Iceland. The boat moved under the captain's（船長）feet. He noticed a strange smell. He saw some black smoke. A volcano（火山）was breaking out. Red-hot rocks, fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom（底部）of the sea. The island grew quickly. It was 10 meters high the next day and 60 meters high on 18th November. Scientists flew there to watch. It was exciting. Smoke and fire were still rushing up. Pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falling into the sea. The sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky. Surtsey grew and grew. Then it stopped in June 1967.It was 175 meters high and 2 kilometers long. And life was already coming to Surtsey. Plants grew. Birds came. Some scientists built a house. They want to learn about this young island. A new island is like a new world.
16. Surtsey is ______.
A. an island not far from Iceland B. a new volcano
C. a fishing boat D. a place in Iceland
17. Scientists flew there ______.
A. to watch the birth of the island B. to save the fishing boat
C. to learn about the island D. to build a house
18. When did scientist fly there to watch?
A. Before the volcano broke out. B. As soon as the volcano broke out.
C. About four days after the volcano broke out. D. After the volcano stopped rushing up.
19. Put the following sentences in correct order.
a. The captain found the boat was moving. b. A new island appeared in the sea.
c. Fire, smoke and rocks were seen rushing up. d. A fishing boat was near Iceland.
e. The island grew quickly.
A. d-a-c-b-e B. a-b-c-d-e C .a-b-e-c-d D. b-e-d-a-c
20. The best title of this article is ________.
A. A new island B. The birth of an island
C. A new world D. Scientists discovered Surtsey
(E)
On Nov.18th,1908,three men went up in a balloon（氣球）.They started early in London. The headman was Augusta Gaudron, and the other two men were Tannar and Maitland. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way.
Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope（繩子）,and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So they were able to change its weight（重量）.It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.
After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and the air was very cold. The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the men's basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. The men tried to throw out some more sand; but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.
At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so they climbed to get away from the snow. They rose to 5,100 metres! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometers from London!
21. Three men flew in balloon ________.
A. for nearly 1,800 kilometers B. to another city
C. to visit Poland D. more than a century ago
22. The metal box was used for ________.
A. carrying the bags of sand『 』 B. keeping drinking-water
C. carrying ropes of the basket D. changing weight
23. When the balloon went up higher, ________.
A. the temperature of the balloon began to fall B. They saw the sun go down
C. They made a hole in the basket with their knives
D. They could see a black hole on the ground
24. The balloon landed ________.
A. in London B. on the sea C. on a lake D. in a foreign country
25. Which of the following is NOT true?________
A. The three men started their journey before the sun rose.
B. The balloon began to go up when they threw bags of sand out of the basket.
C. When they pulled the box into the basket, the balloon began to climb up.
D. The three men had to land because they felt cold.
答案：
1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6． C 7．B 8．D 9．B 10． A 11．B 12．D 13． C 14．A 15． B 16.A 17.A 18.C 19.A 20.B 21.A 22.D 23.A 24.D 25.B
1
Ali,who was working a long way from home wanted to send a letter to his wife,but he could neither read nor write, and he had to work all day,so he could only look for somebody to write his letter late atnight .At last he found the house of a letter writer whose name was Nasreddin.
Nasreddin was already in bed."It is late,"he said. "What do you want?" "I want you to write a letter to my wife , "said Ali , Nasreddin wasnot pleased. He thought for a few seconds and then said, "Has theletter got to go far?" "What does that matter?" answered Ali.
"Well, my writing is so strange that only I can read it, and if I have to travel a long way to read your letter to your wife, it will cost you a lot of money." Ali went away quickly.
Multiple choice
( ) 1. Ali wanted to____to his wife.
A.get something B.have a letter written
C.bring a flower D. say good-bye
( ) 2. At last he found the house of_____.
A.a writer B.a seller C.an old man D.a letter-writer
( ) 3.When Ali told what he wanted to do Nasreddin was______.
A.not pleased B.pleased C.excited D.angry
( ) 4.Nasreddin said that his writing was_____.
A.easy for anyone to read B.strange for anyone to read
C. too strange for anyone to write D.difficult for anyone to read
( ) 5. This story tells us______.
A.not to ask anybody for help B.not to trouble others at night
C.not to ask for help without money D.not to trust others
2
An old man died and left his son a lot of money. But the son was a foolish young man,and he quickly spent all the money, so that soon hehad nothing left.Of course ,when that happened, all his friends lefthim.When he was quite poor and alone, he went to see Nasreddin, who was a kind, clever old man and often helped people when they had troubles.
"My money has finished and my friends have gone,"said the young man. "What will happen to me now?"
"Don't worry , young man,"answered Nasreddin."Everything will soon be all right again.Wait ,and you will soon feel much happier."
The young man was very glad."Am I going to get rich again then? " heasked Nasreddin.
"No, I didn't mean that," said the old man."I meant that you would soon get used to being poor and to having no friends."
Multiple choice
( )1.An old man died and left his son_______.
A.nothing B.some gold C. much money D.only a house
( ) 2. When the son was________, he went to see Nasreddin.
A.short of money B.quite poor and sick
C.in trouble D. quite poor and alone
( ) 3.The young man was very glad because Nasreddin said that________.
A.he would become rich again B. he would soon feel much happier
C.he would become clever D. he would have more friends
( ) 4.Nasreddin meant the young man______.
A.would get rich again B. would get used to having nothing
C.would get used to being in trouble D.would get out of poorness
( ) 5.What this story tells us is________.
A.that money is everything B.that money makes the mare go
C.to save each penny D. that misfortune tests the sincerity of friends
3.
A man was travelling abroad in a small red car.One day he left thecar and went shopping.When he came back, its roof was badly damaged.
Some boys told him that an elephant had damaged it. The man did not believe them,but they took him to a circus which was near there. Theowner of the elephant said,"I am very sorry!My elephant has a big, round,red chair.He thought that your car was his chair, and he sat on it!"
Then he gave the man a letter, in which he said that he was sorry andthat he would pay for all the damage.
When the man got back to his own country,the customs officers wouldnot believe his story.They said,"You sold your new car while you wereabroad and bought this old one!"
It was only when the man showed them the letter from the circus man that believed him.
Multiple choice
( )1.A man was travelling abroad_______.
A.in a big bus B.in a green jeep C.in a red car D.in a red taxi
( ) 2.The car was damaged because________.
A.there was a traffic accident B.the circus man broke it
C. it rushed into a shop D.the elephant sat on it
( ) 3.The circus man said that_______.
A.he would pay for part of the damage B.he would pay for all of the
damage C.he wouldn't pay for the damage D.he would buy a new car
( ) 4. When the man got back to his country,the customs officers______.
A. would check his new car B.only checked his car
C. searched him D. wouldn't believe what he had said,
( ) 5.It was only________that made the officers believe him.
A.the letter from the circus man B. a newspaper from the country
C.the certificate of his D.the letter from the government
4.
Nasreddin was cutting a branch off a tree in his garden.While he wassawing,another man passed in the street.He stopped and said,"Excuse me,
but if you continue to saw that brancd like that, you will fall downwith it."He said this because Nasreddin was sitting on the branch andcutting it at a place between himself and the trunk of the tree.
Nasreddin said nothing.He thought,"This is some foolish person whohas no work to do and goes about telling other people what to do andwhat not to do."
The man continued on his way. Of course, after a few minutes.The branch fell and Nasreddin fellwith it.
"My God!"he cried."That man knows the future !"and he ran after himto ask how long he was going to live.But the man had gone.
Multiple choice
( )1.One day Nasreddin was cutting a branch_______a tree in his garden.
A.on B.in C.at D.off
( )2.While Nasreddin was sawing,another man_______.
A.told him to stop working B.told him he would fall down
C. would borrow something from him D.would help him saw that branch
( ) 3. After the man went away,Nasreddin thought that________.
A. that was a silly fellow B..that was a wise person
C.that was a proud person D.that fellow cheated him
( ) 4.What happened to Nasreddin after a few minutes?
A.The brancd fell .B.Nasreddin fell down to the ground.
C.Nasreddin was hurt himself. D..Both A and B.
( ) 5.This story is about ________.
A.a foolish man B. a wise man
C.cutting a tree D.the necessity of taking good advice
5.
It was half-past eight in the morning. The telephone bell rang andMary went to answer it.
"It's me-Peter."
"Hullo, who's that?"she asked.
Peter was a friend of Mary's eight-year-old brother,Johnny.
"Oh hullo,Peter.What do you want?"said Mary.
"Can I speak to johnny?"
"No,"said Mary,"you can't speak to him now.He is busy. He is gettingready for school.He is eating his breakfast.Grandmother is combing hishair.Sister is under the table,putting his shoes on. Mother is gettinghis books and putting them in his school bag.Goodbye,I've got to go now. I have to hold the door open.The school bus is coming .
Mtiple choice
( )1.Who went to answer it when the teltphone bell rang?
A.Johnny's sister B.Peter C,Johnny D.Johnny's mother
( )2.Whom did Peter want to speak to?
A.Mary's brother B.Mary's sister C.Mary's grandmother D.Johnny's mother
( )3.Johnny couldn't speak to Peter because Johnny _______.
A. was combing his hair B.was putting his shoes on
C.was getting his books D. was busy eating his hreakfast
( )4.How do you say to a stranger who is answering your telephone?
A.Who are you?B.Anything to say? C.Who is it? D.Please
( )5.From this story we know that Johnny was_____.
A. a lazy B.a clever boy C.a busy boy D.a hungry boy
⑵ 初中的所有名著題。
1．《水滸傳》中「智取生辰綱」的組織領導者是______。「景陽岡打虎」、「醉打蔣門神」等說的這位英雄是______________。「花和尚倒拔垂楊柳，豹子頭誤入白虎堂」中「豹子頭」指的是________。
2．《西遊記》全書共分三大部分：前7回寫_________的故事，是全書的精華部分，表現孫悟空的反抗精神；8—12回寫_______的來歷、魏徵斬蛇、唐太宗人冥府，交待取經的緣起；第13—100回寫_____________________________________。
3．《四游記》的作者運用了__________手法描繪了一個奇妙的神話世界，花果山水簾洞洞口的對聯是「_________________，_______________________」。
4．有人對《西遊記》總結道：「陽光燦爛___________，百變猴頭____________憨厚老成________，阿彌陀佛是___________。漫漫西天取經路，除妖斗魔顯真功。若問是誰譜此畫，淮安才子吳承恩。」
5．下麗的對聯各是哪部章回小說的目錄?請在括弧里寫出這部小說的名稱。
①及時雨神行太保，黑旋風展浪里白條。《___________》
②八卦爐中逃大聖，五行山下定心猿。《____________》
6．在《水滸傳》中，綽號為「智多星」的人是_________，也被稱為「賽諸葛」。他與一夥好漢在「黃泥岡上巧施功」，幹了一件大事是___________。
7．梁山一百單八將中第一個出場的是______，他的綽號是_______。
8．《水滸傳》的作者_________，朝代_______，它是我國第一部_________小說。
9．《水滸傳》中冒充李逵攔路打劫，後被李逵一刀打翻在地的人是_________。
10. 補全回目：
(1)史大郎夜走華陰縣，_________拳打鎮關西
(2)梁山泊_________落草，汴京城_________賣刀
11．孫悟空的第一個師傅是_________。他的兵器原是大禹治水的_________，又喚_________。大鬧天宮後被如來佛祖壓在_________。後皈依佛門，唐僧為他取名_________。
12．《水滸》主要人物有及時雨_________，行者_________，花和尚_________，黑旋風_________。
13．《水滸》中身懷絕技的三位英雄：善盜的是鼓上蚤_______，善射的是小李廣_______，善行的是神行太保_______。
14．冰心原名_______，詩集《繁星》《春水》是人們公認的小詩最高成就，被茅盾稱為「_______」、「_______」。
15．《繁星》、《春水》詩集表現了_______，童真、_______三大主題，這三大主題構築了冰心的思想內核：「_______」。
16．祥子是老舍的長篇代表作《__________》中的一個人物形象。這部作品描寫來自農村的淳樸健壯的祥子，到北平謀生創業，_______次買車又_______次失去，並終於墮落到生活的谷底的故事。_______是這部小說的基本線索，與祥子有著密切關系的女主人公是_______。
17．《童年》刻畫了許多性格鮮明的人物形象，比如：勇敢正直的_______，善良樂觀的______________，自私殘暴的_______，貪婪惡毒的______________，以及快樂的「小茨岡」和執著的「好事情」。
18．《童年》中塑造的_______的形象是俄國千百萬勞動者走向革命，走向新生活的具有普遍意義的藝術典型。《童年》也成功塑造了外祖母的形象，她是俄羅斯乃至世界文學史中最光輝、最有人性，同時也是最富藝術魅力的形象之一。她的名字是_______，具有_______、_______、_______、_______等勞動人民的優秀品質。
19．《童年》最基本的主題之一是阿廖沙的成長。_______是作者創作這部作品的第一主題。
20．人們提出「在新時代要做保爾還是比爾」的新命題。人們和比爾•蓋茨相提並論的保爾，就是蘇聯作家奧斯特洛夫斯基《______________》中的主人公_______。
21．保爾以自己的畢生精力，實踐了自己的生活原則：「人最寶貴的東西是生命，生命屬於人只有一次。人的一生應該這樣度過：_______，______________，______________；這樣，在臨死的時候他就能夠說，我的整個生命和全部的精力，都獻給了世界上最壯麗的事業_______為人類的解放而斗爭。」這是保爾戰斗一生的真實寫照，也是他革命樂觀主義的深刻概括。
22．有這么一個真實故事：1704年蘇格蘭水於塞爾柯克在海上與船長爭吵，被船長遺棄在荒島上，四年後被救回英國。這一故事引起轟動，也引起作家們的關注。其中一位叫_______的作家據此事創作了一部小說《______________》。小說的主人公是魯濱孫，在荒島上生活了_______年，他把被救的土人取名為「_______」，後來，這一土人成為他的忠實的僕人和朋友。
23．英國作家_______寫的《格列佛游記》通過格列佛在_______、_______、_______、_______的奇遇，反映了18世紀前半期英國的社會現實。
24．千百萬人熟知的「雅虎」網站，又名「Yahoo」，在《格列佛游記》的第四卷「______________」中提到的怪物「雅虎」，現已成為網際網路世界最令人熟悉的名詞之一。
25．法國作家羅曼•羅蘭的《名人傳》包括了《貝多芬傳》、《_______》、《_______》三部傳記。其中，_______(人名)飽受耳聾折磨。
26．根據下面畫線句子的特點，再仿寫兩個句子。
課外閱讀是提高語文水平的重要途徑，可以使我們獲得很多有益的啟示，充實我們的生活。讀《三國演義》，我們可以領略到諸葛亮舌戰群儒的風采；讀《鋼鐵是怎樣煉成的》，我們能領悟到人生的真諦和生命的意義；_____________________；_____________________。
簡答題：
27．《朝花夕拾》原名《_______》，是魯迅的回憶性散文集，請簡介一下其中一篇(課內學過的除外)的主要內容。
28．名著往往是「經過時間檢驗和沉澱」的「磨腦子」的書。請從下列名著中任選一部，簡要地寫出你熟悉的一個情節，並說說你對這一情節的體驗和感悟。
30．分別簡述沙僧、豬八戒的性格 31．《水滸傳》中三位女將是誰？她們的綽號是什麼
32．請用簡練的語言說出《水滸傳》中英雄好漢們性格上的共同特徵。
33．列舉《西遊記》唐僧師徒四人取經路上經歷的磨難，舉四個即可。
34．《西遊記》中的玉皇大帝具有怎樣的性格特點?作者塑造這一形象的目的何在?
35．簡析《水滸傳》中宋江的性格特點。
36．你知道《鋼鐵是怎樣煉成的》題目的含義嗎?
37．我們生活在當今這樣的一個年代，可以從保爾身上汲取到什麼精神?
填空題：
1．晁蓋 武松 林沖
2．大鬧天宮 唐僧唐僧師徒取經途中歷經81難和師徒終成正果，帶經回東土大唐 3．浪漫主義 花果山福地 水簾洞洞天 4．豬八戒 孫悟空 沙和尚 唐僧 5．《水滸傳》《西遊記》 6．吳用 智取生辰綱(花石綱) 7． 史進 九紋龍 8． 施耐庵 元末朗初章回體長篇白話 9．李鬼 10．(1)魯提轄(2)林沖 ，楊志 11． 菩提祖師 定海神針 如意金箍棒五行山 孫行者 12． 宋江 武松 魯智深 李逵13．時遷花榮戴宗 14．謝婉瑩繁星格春水體15． 母愛 自然 愛的哲學 16．《駱駝樣子》 三三 樣子與車虎妞 17．「我」(阿廖沙) 外祖母外祖父 舅舅們 18．阿廖沙 伊凡諾夫娜 勤勞善良 樂觀 智慧 19．鞭撻俄國國民的小市民習氣 20．《鋼鐵是怎樣煉成的》 侏爾•柯察金21．當他回首往事的時候，不因虛度年華而悔恨，也不因碌碌無為而羞愧 22．丹尼爾•笛福 《魯濱孫漂流記》28年 星期五 23． 斯威夫特 小人國大人國 巫人國 慧駟國 24．「智馬國游記」25．《米開朗基羅傳》 《托爾斯泰傳》 ：貝多芬26．示例：讀《西遊記》，我們能學到孫悟空的疾惡如仇；讀《紅樓夢》，我們能體會到封建社會大家庭衰落的必然性；讀《格列佛游記》，我們了解了當時英國統治階級的腐朽與罪惡；讀《童年》，我們體：會到當時俄羅斯下層人民生活的苦難；讀《水滸》，我們感受到什麼是義薄雲天。
簡答題：
27．《舊事重提》示例：《二十四孝圖》主要內容：童年時代的「我」和「我」的夥伴實在沒有什麼好畫冊可看。「我」擁有的最早一本畫圖本子只是《二十四孝圖》。其中最使「我」不解，甚至於發生反感的，是「老萊娛親」和「郭巨埋兒」兩件事。 28．開放性題目，能簡要寫出一個情節，寫出與情節有關的體驗和感悟，並言之成理即可。29．魯濱孫四次航海。第一次出海他幾乎被淹死；第三次出海，又被海盜擄去，逃出後在巴西發了財。但他仍不死心，經別人提議，再次出航，結果滯留海島，在孤島上生活了28年。30．沙僧：忠厚誠懇，任勞任怨，正直無私，一心一意保唐僧西行，謹守佛門戒律。八戒：性情憨直，好懶讒滑，常懷退縮之心，善奉承諂媚。31．(1)扈三娘 一丈青(2)孫二娘母夜叉(3)顧大嫂母大蟲 32．愛打抱不平，重友情，講義氣。33．黑松林遇黃袍老怪；黃風嶺遭黃毛貂鼠精暗算；牛魔王之子紅孩兒搶走唐僧；平頂山蓮花洞太上老君煉丹童變成妖精等。34．昏庸無能，不辨忠愚。對封建統治者進行嘲諷，對黑暗社會進行尖銳諷刺和批判。35．仗義疏財，濟弱扶貧，精神練達，但有濃重的正統觀念和忠君思想。36．奧斯特洛夫斯基在解釋這部作品的標題時說：「鋼是在烈火里燒、高度冷卻中煉成的，因此它很堅固。我們這一代人也是在斗爭中和艱苦考驗中鍛煉出來，並學會了在生活中不灰心喪氣。」37．保爾身上體現出他敢於向命運挑戰的性格，有一種自強不息、奮發向上的精神，保爾崇高的革命思想、高尚的道德情操、忘我的獻身精神、堅強的斗爭意志、樂觀的生活態度以及明確的人生目標都是我們學習的榜樣。
名著與常識
【考查要點】
了解課本涉及的重要作家作品和文學常識；了解詩歌、散文、小說、戲劇等文學樣式。
閱讀一定數量的文學名著。
【知識疏理】
文學常識也是中考積累與運用的必考內容。從內容上說它包括以下四個方面：1．作家的生活年代、朝代（外國作家的國別）；2．重要作家的作品及出處；3．作品中的主要人物與性格；4．與課本相關的內容，包括詩文內容、寫作目的。
文學常識的復習，要以基本篇目所涉及的古今中外重要作家、作品為主，可將眾多的作家、作品按古代、現當代、外國三個方面分類整理，再列出表格，將作家姓名（字型大小）、朝代、作品、出處、作家簡介甚或作品中的主要人物、名句都網路進去，力求全面。另外復習時可與「詩文背誦默寫」部分結合起來。
【試題特點】
《語文課程標准》中明確規定了7—9年級的學生要每學年閱讀兩三部名著，並列出了學生必讀的中外名著目錄。在總目標中也強調：「認識中華文化的豐厚博大，吸取民族文化的智慧。」因此，中外名著走進中考已經成為許多省市中考語文試題的顯著特色之一。2004年中考對名著的考查在以往的基礎上又邁出了一大步。
從題型上看，文學常識題既有客觀型的選擇題，也有主觀型的填寫表述題。
【解題導引】
例1．語文課開展「走近名著」活動，請接著甲同學的發言，也講述一個你熟悉的名著中的故事。
（要求：說出書名、人名和有關情節，在敘述中至少運用一個成語或名言、警句、格言。）
同學甲：《水滸傳》中，嫉惡如仇的魯提轄聽了金氏父女的哭訴，毅然出手，三拳打死了鎮關西，解救了金氏父女。他真不愧是一位見義勇為的英雄。
你的講述： 。中考涉及中外文學名著的試題大多是主觀題，例如：《西遊記》中「大鬧五庄觀，推倒人參果樹」的是 。（2003河南省題）成語「萬事俱備，只欠東風」是根據《三國演義》 （戰役）中「周瑜定計火攻曹操」的故事演化而來的。（2003年寧波市題）而這一道名著閱讀題在上述主觀題的基礎上已向開放性試題方向發展。「巧婦難為無米之炊」，要想准確做出答案必須先要細致地閱讀原著，否則怎能講出故事的情節呢？本題不設標准答案，內容正確，符合要求即可給分。但必須作品名稱正確，內容敘述符合原著，而且成語、名言、警句或格言運用要恰當正確。
例2．對對聯。
上聯：足智多謀，孔明巧借箭。
下聯： ， 。
對聯根植於生活的土壤，同時又頗具文學韻味，再加之與文學名著連在一起，更能讓學生感受到中國傳統文化的深厚底蘊。解題時要注意以下幾點：⑴字數須相等；⑵詞性須相對（一般情況下，寬對也可）；⑶搭配須得當。答案示例：①藝高膽大，悟空勇斗魔；②義蓋去天，關羽私放曹；③多愁善感，黛玉悲葬花。如果不細致地閱讀原著，不熟悉原著的內容，沒有靈活運用語文的實踐能力，很難對出下聯。
例3．⑴讀一定數量的課外文學名著，是語文學習的基本要求。但讀書除了積累知識外，更重要的是學會思考。初中三年，你一定在老師的指導下讀了不少課外好書。下面請你做一個簡要的讀書札記。
書名： 。
作者： 。
印象最深的人物： 。
該人物形象給你的人生啟示： 。
這道題給我們提供了廣闊的思維空間，也就是形式上更具開放性、靈活性。只要你能認真地閱讀名著，並能透過作品的文字表象，對作品的形象、情感、語言加以領悟，能從作品中獲得對自然、社會、人生的有益啟示，答好此題就輕而易舉了。
此試題還暗示我們，讀名著不能只追求淺層次的理解，要追求深層次的閱讀，可採用下列方式加深對作品的理解。如：寫讀書筆記，即將你讀書的獨特感受及時記入筆記；也可以通過讀書報告會、辯論會等方式與同學之間進行交流；還可嘗試著對名著進行再創作等。
【常見失誤】
文學常識題最大的失誤是一些同學沒讀過或沒認真閱讀文學名著，造成不知如何答題或答題牽強附會。
⑶ 一些初中英語閱讀讀物中的優美句子，不要太短，也不要太長。
我的世界不允許你的消失,不管結局是否完美.
No matter the ending is perfect or not, you cannot disappear from my world.
愛情是一個精心設計的謊言
Love is a carefully designed lie.
承諾常常很像蝴蝶,美麗的飛盤旋然後不見
Promises are often like the butterfly, which disappear after beautiful hover.
凋謝是真實的 盛開只是一種過去
Fading is true while flowering is past
為什麼幸福總是擦肩而過,偶爾想你的時候….就讓….回憶來陪我.
Why I have never catched the happiness? Whenever I want you ,I will be accompanyed by the memory of...★Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain. 智力投資絕不會白花。
★Nothing down, nothing up. ;無下則無上。/不經歷風雨，怎麼見彩虹;
★A good book is your best friend. ;好書如摯友Asking costs nothing. 問人不費分文
★Ask me no questions and I will tell you no lies你不問我，我就不會說謊話
★The tongue is boneless but it breaks bones. ;舌無骨卻折斷骨;
★Constant dropping wears the stone. 滴水穿石。Experience is the mother of wisdom.經驗是智慧之母。;Every man is his own worst enemy.一個人最大的敵人就是他自己。
★Saying and doing are two different things. 說和做是迥然不同的兩回事。
★Self-distrust is the cause of most of our failures.; 我們絕大多數的失敗都是因為缺乏自信之故。
★A good name is easier lost than won.;譽失之易，而得之難very profession proces its own best.行行出狀元 today must borrow nothing of tomorrow. 今曰事今曰畢。
★A friend in need is a friend indeed.患難朋友才是真正的朋友。 Actions speak louder than words.事實勝於雄辯All is not gold that glitters.閃光的不一定都是金子An idle youth， a needy age.少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲Bitter pills may have wholesome effects.良葯苦口Do wrong once and you"ll never hear the end of it.一失足成千古恨 Every cloud has a silver lining.守得雲開見月明Every man has his fault.人孰無過First come， first served.捷足先登Haste makes waste.欲速則不達
★Knowledge is power.知識就是力量Let bygones be bygone.既往不究
★Look before you leap.三思而後行Man proposes， God disposes.謀事在人，成事在天
★Money talks.金錢萬能No gains without pains.吃得苦中苦方為人上人
★A journey of thousand miles begins with a single step. 千里之行，始於足下
⑷ 初中常考的名著課外閱讀的題目有哪些
水滸傳主要考主要內容和兩個任務及時間，4大名著考作者．把那些中學課外名著記下作者，考試這幾分名著分千萬不要丟！
⑸ 初中名著閱讀題集錦
駱駝祥子中
造成小說主人公悲慘結局的根本原因是
⑹ 初中英語閱讀短篇文章
1.Once Einstein gave a lecture in many places in America． His driver always listened to him and knew the lecture so well that he was sure be could give it himself． So Einstein agreed that the driver gave the lecture him．
As nobody knew Einstein there, the driver gave the lecture for Einstein that evening． At first he was a bit afraid, but Einstein's smile made him feel better． He gave a good lecture and the people were quite pleased．
Then the driver started to leave and Einstein followed him without a word． When they got to the door, a man asked the driver a difficult question．
The driver said that the question was very easy, and told the man to ask his driver behind to answer it．
2.Ali,who was working a long way from home wanted to send a letter to his wife,but he could neither read nor write, and he had to work all day,so he could only look for somebody to write his letter late atnight .At last he found the house of a letter writer whose name was Nasreddin.
Nasreddin was already in bed."It is late,"he said. "What do you want?" "I want you to write a letter to my wife , "said Ali , Nasreddin wasnot pleased. He thought for a few seconds and then said, "Has theletter got to go far?" "What does that matter?" answered Ali.
"Well, my writing is so strange that only I can read it, and if I have to travel a long way to read your letter to your wife, it will cost you a lot of money." Ali went away quickly.
Multiple choice 。
3.An old man died and left his son a lot of money. But the son was a foolish young man,and he quickly spent all the money, so that soon hehad nothing left.Of course ,when that happened, all his friends lefthim.When he was quite poor and alone, he went to see Nasreddin, who was a kind, clever old man and often helped people when they had troubles.
"My money has finished and my friends have gone,"said the young man. "What will happen to me now?"
"Don't worry , young man,"answered Nasreddin."Everything will soon be all right again.Wait ,and you will soon feel much happier."
The young man was very glad."Am I going to get rich again then? " heasked Nasreddin.
"No, I didn't mean that," said the old man."I meant that you would soon get used to being poor and to having no friends."
Multiple choice .
4.The English people like take-away food． The most popular food is fish and chips．They usually go to a fish and chip shop．They put the food in paper bags, and take it home, or to their work place． At lunch time, many people eat take-away food in the park． Chinese takeaways are also very popular in England． People in the USA and Australia like Chinese take-away food, too． But the most popular food in the USA is fried chicken．
5.The Komodo lizard is the world's largest lizard(蜥蜴). It was not discovered until this century and was named only in 1921. It was formerly found on three Indonesian islands: Komodo, Rintja and Flores. By the 1930's, in spite of government protection, the population of this great lizard had been reced to a few hundred. It was, however, still found on the three main islands and there were still lizards of over 4 metres in length. By 1963, after a period of only fifty years since its discovery, the entire population was based on Komodo. It is now unusual to see one as long as 3 metres. The lizard's normal food consists mainly of wild goats and pigs, animals which the islanders also hunt. This, of course, means that the lizard often gets too little to eat. It will certainly die out soon its hunting and breeding(繁殖) grounds are protected more effectively.
6.At the Barber's Shop(理發店)
Jack went to a barber's shop and had his hair cut, but when he came out, he
was not happy with the result(結果). When his friend Bob saw him, he laughed
and said, "What has happened to your hair,Jack?"
Jack said, "I tried a new barber's shop today, because I wasn't quite satisfied
with my old one, but this one seems even worse."
Bob agreed(同意). "Yes, I think you're right, Jack. Now I'll tell you what
to do when you go into a barber's shop next time: look at all the barber's hair,
find out whose hair looks worst, and then go straight to him."
"Why shall I go to him?" Jack asked. "But that would be foolish!"
"Oh, no, it wouldn't," answered Bob. "Who cut that man's hair? Just think
it. He couldn't cut it himself, could he? Another of the barbers cut it. So
you know he can't be the worst barber."
7.Mr Perkin's New Car
Mr Perkin stood at the bus-stop and watched the cars go by. Many of the cars
were new Beta 400s, and most of them were yellow. Mr Perkin always wore the
same clothes as other men, ate the same food as other people, and did the same
things after work, and at the end of the week, Mr Perkin did not like to be
different.
The following week, Mr Perkin bought a new, bright yellow Beta 400s. He was
satisfied with it, and drove to work in it the very next day. He was even more
satisfied with his new car, when he saw all the other Beta 400s, in front, behind,
and on both sides of him.
Mr Perkin parked(停車) his car in a big car-park(停車場) near his office,
and walked the rest of the way. But when he came back at five o'clock, there
were so many bright yellow Beta 400s in the car-park that he did not know which
car was his. He tried his key in some of the cars, but people passing by gave
him a look he didn't like. So he stopped.
Poor Mr Perkin had to wait nearly two hours until his was the only yellow
Beta 400s in the car-park.
8.A long time ago people thought that the sun went round the earth. In some
countries people even said that the sun was a god(神). They thought the god
drove across the sky each day on a golden horse. Now we know the earth goes
round the sun. It takes the earth a year to go all way round the sun. Today
men even know how far it is for the earth to go round the sun. They tell us
that the earth travels over a thousand miles a minute on its journey round the
sun.\$
The sun is really a star. It is much bigger than the earth and it is very
hot. Some people have been to the moon but we know that no one can ever go to
the sun. It is far too hot for people to live anywhere near it. The sun is three
hundred thousand times heavier than the earth and more than million times larger.\$
9.The Farmer, His Horse, and His son
Once there was an old farmer, with a horse which was almost as old as himself.
He set out one morning with his son to sell the horse before it died. Father
and son walked, because the farmer did not want the horse to be too tired.
They met two men on the road who said, "Why are you walking, farmer? You have
a horse, It's a long way to market(市場). "The farmer know that this was true,
so he rode on the horse, while his son walked.
Then they met two old women, "What are you doing up there, farmer? Can't you
see how tired boy is?" So the farmer got down, and his son rode instead.\$
Next, three old men stopped them, one said, "Why are you walking, farmer?
Get up, It's too hot for an old man like you to walk today," So the farmer got
up behind his son, and they rode on.
Some time later, a young woman passed them, "Why aren't you walking?" she
asked, "It isn't far to the market. Give your poor horse a rest."
So the farmer, and his son, got down once again. It is a fact that you cannot
please all the people all the time.
10.I Want to Be a Dustman
Tom was ten years old, and he was a very lazy boy, He didn't like doing any
work. He had to go to school of course, but he didn't study hard there and tried
to do as little work as possible. His father and mother were both doctors and they
hoped that their son would become one, too, when he grew up. But one day Tom
said to his mother, "When I finish school, I want to be a stman."
"A stman?" his mother asked, she was very surprised. "That's not a very
pleasant job, why do you
⑺ 初中英語閱讀、完型題各10篇，短點的
part one完形填空One day a crow found 1 . She picked it up in her mouth and 2 a tall tree. She was 3 to eat the meat when a fox saw her. He came and stood under the tree and said, 「 4 beautiful you are!」The crow was very glad 5 hear that.Then the fox spoke again, 「I can see your beautiful face, but I』ve not heard your voice. Why 6 you sing a song?」The crow was very happy. She 7 her month and 8 sing. When she opened her mouth, she 9 the meat. The fox picked up the meat at once and went away 10 it.1. A. meat B. a few meat C. a piece of meat2. A. flew to B. fly to C. flew3. A. only B. about C. just4. A. What B. How a C. How5.A. to B. for C. about6. A. not B. don』t C. didn』t 7.A.turned on B. opened C. closed8. A. started B. began C. began to9.A. dropped B. droped C. fell10. A. bring B. to C. with閱讀理解 A.判斷正誤The first Olympics(奧林匹克運動會) took place at Olympia(奧林匹亞) in Greece in 776 BC(公元前), almost 3000 years ago. Many different sports, such as boxing(拳擊), running, and throwing the discus(鐵餅), were played there, though(盡管) there were fewer sports than in the modem Olympics. People from all over Greece came and watched the Games at the foot of the Mount Olympus(奧林匹斯山), and even those at war stopped fighting and went on with the games.In April 6, 1896 the first new Olympics were held in Greece. Only 50,000 people watched the Games, but the rest of the world soon become enthusiastic(熱心的) about them and from 1900 the Games were held every four years in a different country.判斷正誤：（）１．There are much more sports in the modem Olympics.（）２．The first Olympic games were held 776 years ago.（）３．If there was war the game stopped at the time.（）４．The first new Olympics were held in 1896.（）５．From the story we know the Olympic Games were held every four years since 1900 in Greece. B.根據第1個字母，填入正確的詞：Mr. and Mrs. Jones don』t often go out in the evening, b last Saturday, Mrs. Jones s to her husband, 「There is a good film tonight (今晚). Can we go and see it?」 Mr. Jones was quite happy about it, s they went and both of them liked the film very much. They came out of the cinema at 11 o』clock, got into their car and began to drive h .It was quite dark (黑). Then Mrs. Jones said to Mr. Jones, 「Look! A woman is running a the road very fast, and a man is running after h . Can you see them?」 Mr. Jones, 「Yes, I can.」 He drove the car slowly near the woman and said to her. 「Can weh you?」「No, thank you,」 the woman said, but she did not stop r . 「My husband and I a run home after the cinema, and the l one must do all the housework.」完形填空 1. C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C閱讀理解A: 1.T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F B: 1.but 2.said 3.so 4.home 5.along 6.her 7.help 8.running 9.always 10.last part two. part 2 完型填空: A professor told his students to go into the city slums(貧民窟)to study the life of 200 boys. He asked them to 1 reports about each boy』s life and future. Every one of the students wrote, 「He doesn』t have any hope.」 Twenty-five years 2, another professor read about the earlier study. He told his students to 3 what had happened to the boys. They tried very hard and found that 176 of the boys had become successful 4 doctors, teacher and scientists. The professor was very 5 and decided to study it further. Luckily, all the men were living near the place and he was able to ask each one, 「 What made you 6 ?」 Each one answered ,」There was a teacher.」 The teacher was 7 living there, so the professor found her and asked the old woman 8 she had used to pull those boys 9 the slum, and change them into successful people . The teacher』s 10 began to shine and said with a sweet smile, 「It』s really very easy. I loved those boys.」( )1. A. read B. study C. write D. take ( )2. A. later B. after C. ago D. before( )3..A search B. find out C. look for D. see( )4. A. for B. with C. as D. like( )5.A glad B. angry C. surprised D. worried( )6. A. wonderful B. successful C. rich D. popular( )7. A. already B. yet C. even D. still( )8. A. what B. who C. which D. when( )9. A. out B. into C. away D. out of ( )10. A. face B. eyes C. hair D. mouth A lot of students are having all kinds of sports on the sports field. A ball game is going on right now 1 Class 3 and Class 4. Can you 2 me which team is winning? Do you see many people over there'? Some students of Class 1 are practicing the 3 jump. One of them is the best high jumper in the school. He practices 4 every day. He wants to 5 the school record at the sports meeting next spring. Not far away, some girls are getting ready 6 a race. Now on the corner of the field, you can see another group of students. Their teacher is telling them 7 to throw discus. We students love sports. Sports 8 to keep people healthy. They help people to live happily, and 9 games on the sports field, it can 10 people become good friends.( ) 1. A. in B. between C. among D. by( ) 2. A. tell B. speak C. say D. talk( ) 3. A. long B. far C. high D. tall( ) 4. A. hard B. fast C. quietly D. quickly( ) 5. A. do B. take C. work D. break( ) 6. A, to B. for C. with D. at( ) 7. A. what B. that C. which D. how( ) 8. A. want B. hope C. help D. wish( ) 9. A. in B. before C. after D. when( ) 10. A. make B. enjoy C. get D. bringABaseball (棒球) Match Mr Jenkins works in a middle school. There he teaches his students English. He works hard and is very busy. After supper, when his family watch TV, he always reads some newspapers in his room. At times Robert comes in and asks him to tell him a story. He likes his little son and does all what the boy wants. One Sunday Mrs Jenkins was doing some housework and Mr Jenkins was reading a newspaper. Robert came in but he didn't say anything. A bout ten minutes later the boy showed a newspaper to him and called out, "There will be a base ball match tonight, Dad!" Mr Jenkins was surprised. He said to himself, "The boy is only three years old. How can he read the newspaper?" He held up the newspaper and began to look for the news. But he couldn't find it. At last the boy showed him an exclamation mark on the newspaper.( ) 1. Mr Jenkins is a ______. A. doctor B. teacher C. driver D. farmer( ) 2. Mr Jenkins always reads newspapers after supper because ______. A. he's very busy at school B. he works hard at school B. he wants to teach his son D. he wishes his family to listen to him( ) 3. "An exclamation mark" in the story means ____.A．逗號 B．冒號 C．句號D．感嘆號( ) 4. Robert found ______ and called out. A. a baseball match B. a piece of good news C. a today's newspaper D. an exclamation mark( ) 5. Mr Jenkins thought ______, so he was surprised. A. there was a baseball match B. his son bought a newspaper for him C. his little son learned to read D. his little son learned to writeB Tom was going home at five yesterday. He got on a bus. A mother with her little boy was sitting nearby. Suddenly the boy cried. His mother tried her best to make the boy stop crying But the boy would not do so. At last Tom said angrily, "Oh, how that boy cried! Why do you give him what he want?" "I would if I could." Answered the mother quietly. "But he w your cap."( ) 1. What time was Tom going home yesterday? A. At four B. At five C. At six D. At seven( ) 2. Who was sitting near Tom on the bus? A. An old man with his little girl B. A young woman C. A woman with her little boy D. A young man( ) 3. The mother tried her best to make the boy ______. A. wake up B. go to sleep C. not talk much D. stop crying( ) 4. When the boy cried, Tom ______ A. was very angry B. was very hungry C. was very happy D. did not hear this( ) 5. Why was the boy crying? A. Because he wanted something to eat. B. Because he wanted to get off the bus. C. Because he wanted to go home. D. Because he wanted Tom's cap
⑻ 初中常考的名著課外閱讀的題目有哪些
11．幸福的家庭是相同的，不幸的家庭各有各的不同。 (《安娜．卡列尼娜》)
12．唉回，奴隸般的義大利，你答哀痛之逆旅，你這暴風雨中沒有舵手的孤舟，你不再是各省的主婦，而是妓院! (《神曲》)
13．將感情埋藏得太深有時是件壞事。如果一個女人掩飾了對自己所愛的男子的感情，她也許就失去了得到他的機會。 (《傲慢與偏見》)
14．鍾聲又鳴響了……一聲又一聲，靜謐而安詳，即使在女人做新娘的那個好月份里，鍾聲里也總帶有秋天的味道。 (《喧囂與騷動》)
15．一個人並不是生來要被打敗的，你盡可以把他消滅掉，可就是打不敗他。 (《老人與海》)
16．當然，行是行的，這固然很好，可是千萬別鬧出什麼亂子來啊。 (《套中人》)
17．麵包!麵包!我們要麵包! (《萌芽》)
18．我從沒有愛過這世界，它對我也一樣。 (《拜倫詩選》)
19．愛情應該給人一種自由感，而不是囚禁感。 (《兒子與情人》)
20．暴風雨將要在那一天，甚至把一些槲樹吹倒，一些教堂的高塔要倒塌，一些宮殿也將要動搖! (《海涅詩選》)