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關於英語閱讀方面的論文

發布時間:2021-03-01 15:32:02

❶ 如何提高英語閱讀能力本科論文

我們在大量的閱讀過抄程中必定會遇到一些生詞,而如何處理這些生詞是一個不可忽視的問題。如果一遇到生詞就停下來查字典,那麼,不僅會影響閱讀的速度,還會挫傷閱讀的積極性。所以我們必須掌握一些猜詞技巧。一般可以從上下文的同義詞、反義詞獲知詞義;也可以從語境中猜出詞義。可以根據因果關系,同義線索等猜詞。

❷ 如何在閱讀實踐中提高英語閱讀能力畢業論文6000字

要成稿的話,不現實,要模板的話,網路文庫很多的,如果是找人幫忙的話,我就可以的,當然還有很多地方都可壹騰論文網可以找到你想要的。

❸ 關於提高英語閱讀的英語文章(急!!!)

In spite of 「endless talk of difference,」American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is 「the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption 「launched by the 19th——century department stores that offered 「vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite. 「these were stores 「anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act. 「The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today』s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent .In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation–language, home ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that 「a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English『well』or『very well』after ten years of residence. 「The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. 「By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families. 「Hence the description of America as a「graveyard」for languages. By 1996 foreign–born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a homeownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics 「have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S–born whites and blacks. 「By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian–American women are married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet 「some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation』s assimilative power.」
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America『s turbulent past, today』s social inces hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.

1.The word 「homogenizing」(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means
[A] identifying
[B] associating
[C] assimilating
[D] monopolizing

2. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century
[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture.
[B] became intimate shops for common consumers.
[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.
[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption

3.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.
[A] are resistant to homogenization.
[B] exert a great influence on American culture.
[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture.
[D] constitute the majority of the population.

4. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
[A] To prove their popularity around the world.
[B] To reveal the public『s fear of immigrants.
[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.
[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.

5.In the author』s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is
[A] rewarding.
[B] successful.
[C] fruitless.
[D] harmful.

重點詞彙:
homogenize: vt.cause to become equal or homogeneous as by mixing;均質化,使(某物)成分均勻
【形】 homogeneous a. 由同類部分組成的
【名】 homogeneity n. 同種,同質
【構詞】詞頭:homo- 同、相同 如 homophone n. 同音異形詞; homosexual a. 同性戀的

democratize: vt. become (more) democratic; of nations 使民主化
【例】democratize the administration of an organization 使一組織的管理民主化
【名】 democracy n. 民主、民主政治,民主制度; democrat n. 民主主義者;(Democrat指美國民主黨黨員或其擁護者) democratization n. 民主化
【形】democratic a. 民主的,民主政治的;民主作風的,平等的
discourse: n. lengthy or serious treatment of a subject in speech or writing 論文、演講 vi. talk、preach or lecture about sth(usu at length)(通常長篇大論的)論說、宣揚或講授某事物
【例】The speaker discoursed knowledgeably on a variety of subjects 演講者頭頭是道的論述了一系列問題。
intimate: a. having or being a very closely or friendly relationship 親密的,私人的,秘密的; private and personal 私人的,個人的;
vt make sth known to sb exp discreetly or indirectly 將某事透露給某人,(尤其指謹慎的或間接的)暗示、示意
【例】She has intimated to us that she no longer wishes to be considered for the post 她已向我們透露希望不再考慮讓她擔任該職。
【習】be/get on intimate terms with sb (漸漸)熟悉某人並關系密切
【名】intimation n. 示意、暗示
cater: v. provide food or services,esp. at social functions 備辦食物或服務(尤其指社交方面);投合,迎合
【用法】 ~ for sb/sth 由某人/某事物提供、迎合 (即主語必須是被用來迎合sb/sth的那個東西)
~ to sth 滿足某種需要或要求(即主語必須是發起迎合動作的主體)
【例】TV must cater for many different tastes 電視節目必須迎合各種人的愛好。
Newspapers catering to people』s love of scandal 迎合人們愛看丑聞消息的報紙
【名】catering n. 承辦酒席(的行為或行業) caterer n. 承辦酒席的人
elevate: v. lift up,raise to a higher place or rank 舉起,提拔 ; make the mind or morals better or more ecated 使思想或道德更好,更有修養
【例】 He has been elevated to the peerage 他已升為貴族 The teacher hoped to elevate the minds of her young pupils by reading them religious stories. 教師希望給小學生讀宗教故事來提高他們的修養.
【形】elevated a. 好的,高尚的 elevating a. 提高思想道德的,引人向上的
【名】elevation n. 提高、被提高,高度(尤指海拔),建築物正視圖
unprecedented: a. 空前的
【例】Science and technology have come to pervade every aspect of our lives and, as a result, society is changing at a speed which is quite unprecedented. 科學和技術已經開始滲透了我們生活的各個領域;結果,社會正以空前的速度改變著
resistant: a. relating to or conferring immunity (to disease or infection)抵抗的,反抗的
【例】This new type of infection is resistant to antibiotics. 這種新的傳染病對抗菌素有抗葯性。
【名】resistance n. 抵抗,對抗

❹ 如何提高英語閱讀能力 論文

一、查閱法。
查閱法是一種查尋式閱讀,它是從閱讀材料中有目的,有選擇地迅速查找某一具體事實或特定信息的技能,其要求是快速,准確。即沒有必要通讀全文,只要能快速找到想索取的有關內容就算完成了閱讀任務。
在考試中,學生做閱讀理解題時,這一方法就可以應用,即學生先把文章後面的問題讀一遍,看清每個題干是什麼意思,然後,帶著這些問題去讀文章,這樣,就有明確的目標,沒有必要每個詞,每個句子都要弄清楚,而僅能回答問題即可。總之,這一方法要求學生在不連貫的、跳躍式的閱讀中能夠迅速掌握所需信息。
二、猜測詞義
有些學生在閱讀時,一遇到新詞就不知所措,總是去查字典以求得正確解釋,結果影響了閱讀速度,從而達不到閱讀的目的,也使閱讀量大打折扣。
閱讀中的生詞大致可分兩類:一類是基本上不影響對文章理解的生詞;另一類是對文章理解直接相關的生詞。對於第一類生詞,既使我們不知它的確切含義,仍可較為准確地理解原文,因此完全可以跳過去不予理會。閱讀時,應切記的一點是:不要試圖弄清文章中每一個詞的確切含義,否則既影響速度,又影響理解。
至於與文章理解直接相關的生詞,我們可以採用以下方法推測詞義。
1、利用上下文來猜測詞義,例如:
The Biggest in the word
Peter dozed off while his teacher was talking.
Teacher: Peter!Tell us,what is the biggest in the world?
Peter: Well,well ....eyelids.
Teacher: What?Eyelids?
Peter:Yes,sir Because as soon as I shut my eyes ,the eyelids cover everything of the world .
該短文中,「eyelids 」一詞根據上文中的「shut eyes」檔住眼睛的東西,猜出是「眼皮」之意。
2、通過原文中提供的例子來理解詞義。
例如:suffxes: such as _ ing 、 _ed 、 _s 、_ful and _less, may cause spelling changes when added to words .
句中給出了「suffixes 」的幾個例子,_ing、 _ed、 _s 、_ful ,這些都有是常見的單詞後綴。通過這些例子,我們便可知道「suffixes」的意思是「後綴」。
3、運用對比法猜測詞義
對比法常用的詞或片語有:but ,while ,however,yet ,otherwise...通過使用這些詞,我們可以對生詞進行對比猜詞義。如:
( 1) The paint on the cottage had peeled in a few places,otherwise they looked well kept。
句中的「peel」可從「otherwise」後面對比猜出是「脫落」之意。
( 2 ) Jack was thin while his wife was really obese句中的「obese」通過while 與 thin對比那意思為「胖」
通過定義或同位語來理解詞義
如:(1)Meterologists,people who study weather and weather patterns still have difficulty predictly the weather.該句中「 people who study weather and weather pattern」作為「meterologists」的同位語,其實是對「meterologists」的解釋和說明。由此可判斷,「meterloogists 」的意思是「氣象學家」。
(2)Acrophobia,or fear of height,can make life difficult for tight rope walker who suffer from it.
這個句子中「fear of height」是對「acrophobia」的解釋是「恐高症」之意.
三、根據構詞法猜測詞義
有時,我們在閱讀中會遇到 一些似曾相識的詞。這些詞大多是由熟悉的單詞派生或合成的。遇到 這類詞不必去查字典,我們可利用構詞法知識推測其詞義,掌握了這一技巧,就會在很大程度上減少生詞的數量。
英語可以通過三種形式構成新詞,即轉換、派生、合成。
1、轉換:一個單詞或片語由某一種詞類轉化為另一種詞類,叫轉換。轉換後的詞義與轉換前有密切的關系,例如:
(1 )The sick and wounded were to be taken good care of by the nurses.
(2) These clothes are intended for the old .
以上兩個句子中的劃線部分是由形容詞加定冠詞轉化而來的名詞,表示一類的概念指具有某種特點的一類人,不是指個別人。(1)句中的「the sick and wounded 」意為「傷病員」(2)句中的「the old 」意為「老年人。」
2、派生:在一個單詞前或後加上一個詞綴,變成一個新詞,這種方法叫派生。
詞綴有前綴,後綴兩種,通過加前後綴派生的新詞,在意思上與原來的詞相關。但前綴改變詞義,例如:happy(高興的)—unhappy(不高興的 )、 like(喜歡的) —unlike(不喜歡的) 、 regular(規則的)—irregular(無規則的) 。後綴改變詞類,例如:kind(adj和藹的)—kindness(n和藹);、 help (n ) — helpful (adj),由名詞轉化為形容詞或由形容詞轉化為名詞。由此可見懂得前後綴的基本作用和意義,便於我們閱讀的進行。
3、合成:將兩個或兩個以上的詞合成一個新詞,這種構詞法叫作合成。合成的詞義也很容易從每個詞原來的詞義中推測出來。
例如:You can buy such things as toilet soap toothbrushes and toothpaste.
句中的「toothbrush and toothpaste 」是合成詞,分別由tooth(牙齒)+brush(刷子);tooth(牙齒)+paste(糊膏)構成;由此可猜出「toothbrush」為「牙刷」,「toothpaste」為「牙膏」之意。
四、理解句義的技巧。培養學生抓句子中的關鍵詞,領會句子大意,以及分意群理解,明確全句大意等。
例如:Edisson planted vegetables/ in his garden/ and sold them to buy / what he needed for his lab .此句共有十七個詞有些學生往往看一個詞想一個詞,逐詞注視,閱讀速度既慢而且不易掌握全句的意思。如按上面的斜線處停頓時,則全句只要「注視」四次即可。閱讀速度可以提高幾倍而對句子的理解也要完整得多。
五 、對意思含糊的段落的處理
由於詞的意思不明,而造成段落的意思模糊不清,這是閱讀中常遇到的。解決這一問題較好的辦法是反復閱讀。一般地說,多次閱讀的過程是逐漸加深理解的過程。往往開頭難但看了幾遍之後,就能逐步明白其意義了。有些難懂的句子,根據上下文,仍可以猜出它的意思。一篇短文,如果我們能看懂百分之七十五以上的意思容許有百分之二十五左右的誤差,這是正常的現象,例如下面一段:
The two largest islands of Great British Isles are the Great British and Ireland .There are three regions in Great Britain.They are England ,Scotland and Walse.
此段中「regions」一詞未學過,但通過上下文中所提供的線索以及學過的地理知識,不難猜出它的詞義是「地區,行政區」。

❺ 怎樣提高英語閱讀(論文)800字左右

1 初期,語言學家就發現男女兩性在英語使用方面存在著明顯的不同。0 年代以後,人們對男女在句法、音位以及在用詞上等言語模式的性別差異及其形成原因進行了大量研究,並提出男性支配、性別角色社會化和相稱語域種具有代表性的理論,為英語教學奠定了理論基礎。但對男女兩性在英語使用上的差別,如果只停留在言語模式差異及原因的探討上,不僅在理論上具有局限性,也影響理論研究在英語教學中推廣應用的實際效果。本文依據性別角色理論,從語言思維、專業興趣、成就動機、自我意識和社會認知個方面,對英語學習的性別角色差異心理特徵和行為表現進行分析闡述,以便拓展英語教師的教學視野,有的放矢,因材施教,提高學生的英語學習成績。二、男女在認識能力方面的性別角色差異認識過程是人腦對信息的接受、編碼、貯存、提取和使用的過程,由感知系統、記憶系統、控制系統和反應系統所組成。感知系統接受由環境提供的信息,即首先把刺激的基本特徵抽取出來加以組合;記憶系統是對輸入信息的編碼、貯存和提取活動;控制系統決定目標的先後順序,監督當前目標的執行;反應系統則控制信息的輸出。英語學習比學習本民族語言難度要大,要求學習者具備相應的認識品質,包括感知力、注意力、記憶力、思維力和想像力等,才能順利高效地完成學習任務。大腦的單側化研究表明,大腦左右兩半球的功能是不一樣的,大腦左半球司語言思維,被稱之為言語優勢半球,右半球司空間識別,被稱之為非言語優勢半球,左右兩半球在功能上的差異,導致男女在語言思維和空間識別能力方面存在著差異,女性大腦左半球較發達,在語言思維方面較優勢,男性大腦右半球較發達,在空間識別方面較優勢。男女大腦左右兩半球在功能上的差異,直接影響男女的語言思維,而語言思維直接影響男女的認識過程。從性別角色的社會化過程看,社會對男女用腦習慣的期待,往往受男女生理差異所左右,並進一步強化了男女在認識過程上的差別,使女性在英語學習中的感知力、注意力、記憶力、思維力和想像力等綜合認識能力明顯優於男性。如在感知覺方面,女性對語音差異的辨別力明顯優於男性。在記憶力方面,女性對詞彙和語法規則等以形象記憶和機械記憶為主。在思維能力方面,女性比男性更偏向於形象思維,在需要語文功底和文化底蘊的寫、譯方面成績較好。在想像力方面,女性比男性更善於通過表象的加工、改造和重新組合,進行聽、說、讀、寫、譯。此外,教學實踐表明,女性在英語學習中的注意力也比男性穩定和集中,學習成績普遍高於男性。作為英語教育工作者,應針對男女在認識方面存在的性別角色差異,充分發揮女性學習英語的優勢,進行重點強化和培養。同時,針對男性學習語言的天賦不如女性的事實,如注重音標、詞彙、語法 項英語語言基礎知識的訓練,教師在對音標發音技巧進行講解和示範的基礎上,要督促他們通過各種途徑,不斷加大口頭模仿實踐的頻率和強度;在記憶英語單詞和語法規則時,要幫助他們充分理解課文的材料內容,運用有關經驗進行有效的理解識記。三、男女在專業興趣方面的性別角色差異興趣是力求認識、探究某種事物的心理傾向,學習興趣是指學習者力求獲得某種知識時的情緒意向。興趣是受社會歷史條件制約的,個人所處的時代不同,社會地位不同,對他所感興趣的客觀事物的評介也有所不同。男女在認識能力傾向方面表現出來的性別角色差異,塑造著個體性別角色觀念和性別社會化方向,而性別角色觀念對男女專業和職業傾向具有重要影響。國內外社會心理學工作者圍繞適合男人和女人的職業各有哪些做了許多調查研究,研究結果比較雷同。多數人主張男性適合擔任工程技術人員、科研人員、管理人員、公務員、法官、律師、軍人、警官、經理、外交官等職業;而女性則適合擔任公務員、教師、醫生、記者、翻譯、律師、導游、空姐、設計師、營業員、服務員、保育員、紡織工、秘書、護士、縫紉師、辦事員和廣播員等職業。這些調查結果也得到社會實踐的證明,男性取得成就的傳統領域往往是與語言無關的領域,諸如工程技術、科學研究、計算機網路、金融、企業、海關及外企等,女性取得成就的傳統領域往往是與語言密切相關的領域,諸如藝術、教育、法律、服務及設計等領域。學生在選擇專業和職業時,往往以性別適合性為准則,女生對語文、法律、外語和歷史等人文學科較感興趣。根據各高校專業選擇的統計結果,在專業興趣方面存在著明顯的性別角色差異,大學英語專業女生比例遠遠高於男生,英語教師的比例也是女性多於男性。大量研究表明,學習英語的興趣與學習英語的成績是呈正相關的,如果對英語學習不感興趣,不可能取得良好的學習成績。由於女生選擇英語專業是源於對英語的熱愛,因此,濃厚的學習興趣,使她們在英語學習中比男生更具主動性、持久性和穩定性,英語成績也遠遠超過男生。而男生一般對數理化更感興趣,很多男生不是自己主動選擇英語專業的,而是在理科考學無望或為滿足父母的心願,而做出的無奈選擇。因此,入學後,他們對英語學習普遍缺乏興趣,甚至出現因心理疲倦而逃課的現象。我們知道,興趣是多種多樣的,依據興趣是由事物本身還是由事物結果所引起分直接興趣和間接興趣;依據興趣效能分積極興趣和消極興趣;依據興趣持續時間分短暫興趣和穩定興趣。由於興趣是在社會生活實踐過程中形成的,也隨著生活實踐的變化而改變,因此,興趣是可以培養的。為了提高男生的學習英語成績,可以從培養他們的間接興趣入手,根據男生興趣廣泛、知識淵博、涉獵領域廣泛、在「讀」的方面強於女生的優勢,結合我國高等學校英語教綱對學生各級閱讀速度的具體要求,在各級統考的基礎上,舉行形式多樣的閱讀理解競賽,通過間接興趣的培養,使男生在成功的體驗中,喚起學習英語的內驅力,不斷提高他們學習英語的求知慾,使之取得良好的學習效果。
四、男女在成就動機方面的性別角色差異成就動機是一種想要做好事情的社會動機,它與個人對自己的高要求、高標准有關,與個人的高抱負水平有關。一個有強烈成就感的人,就有決心要做好一件難度很大的工作,這么做並不是要爭取地位,而僅僅是想要做好這件事情。他們希望得到外界客觀的、公正的評介,並不過分重視個人的名利。心理學家普遍認為,男女在成就動機方面存在著性別角色差異,男性成就動機的強度和水平普遍高於女性。這種差別影響職業理想的導向,在專業選擇和英語學習中都可以反映出來。調查表明,男生選擇英語專業時,一般受遠景性動機所支配,是在客觀評介自己能力傾向的基礎上,做出實事求是的選擇,而且,具有較高的抱負水平,特別注重英語的實用性,把英語專業選擇和職業理想及自身發展有機地結合起來,主要目的是藉助英語這門外語工具,去謀取與個人職業理想相匹配的工作,以成就一番事業,提高自己的社會地位。女生選擇英語專業時,一般受近景性動機所支配,對英語語言本身有比較濃厚的興趣,英語學習過程本身就能使她們感到滿足,而且抱負水平也較低,更多的是考慮女性具備語言思維方面優勢,學習英語比學習其他專業把握大,不想去冒險,力求平穩,避免失敗,以順利完成學業為目標。在英語學習中,男生表現出較高的獨立性和抱負水平,追求成就的動機高於避免失敗的動機,更能接受那些較復雜的、帶有創造性的困難工作,完成既定任務後,能維持較高的動機水平,不會簡單地重復去做同樣的事,而是不斷嘗試去做更為困難的工作,例如在英語寫作和翻譯中,語匯運用上非常靈活,能不斷嘗試用意思相近的單詞互相替換,特別是在口語表達上,敢於大膽開口,口語的流利性和在外語交際能力方面都表現得比較突出。而女性自信心較低,避免失敗的動機高於追求成就的動機,願意解決較簡單的、非創造性的問題,完成教師布置的作業後,往往以此為抱負水平,反復地去做同樣的工作,以減少對失敗的焦慮,例如,在英語寫作和翻譯中,語匯運用不如男生靈活,一旦遺忘了某個單詞,很少嘗試用意思相近的新詞進行替代,而是刻意地苦思冪想,導致寫譯技能的下降。在口語表達方面,開口比較謹慎,特別注重語言形式和口語的准確性,嚴重影響外語的有效交際。此外,男生由於成就動機強烈,對於他人的要求也高,在諸如英語辯論等小組化集體性課外英語活動中,他們願意選擇與有能力的同學一起合作,以提高工作效率。而女生則更注重自己在小組中的地位,為了能給聽眾留下獨特美好的印象,過於關注自我的裝束、言辭、表情和動作等方面的包裝,甚至在潛意識里希望本組同學的能力都在自己之下。由於許多英語教師頭腦中持有女性能力比男性能力低的性別刻板印象,在英語教學中普遍存在對男女生要求寬嚴不一的現象,在女生和男生的作業量相當的情況下,女生卻有更多機會獲得較高分,在課堂英語糾錯時,教師在批評男生時更多地使用嚴厲的語調,而批評女生的語調相對要委婉得多,對男生當眾糾錯的次數也比女生多。這種寬嚴不一的教育要求,可能會對學生帶來「女不如男」的性別刻板印象,這會對學生學習積極性產生消極的影響,從而降低女生的成就動機。我們知道,英語學習的效果和其他專業學習一樣,取決於能力與動機兩個因素,而且成就動機比能力更重要,因此,教師在英語教學中,應設法改變女生頭腦中所持有的性別角色觀念,對女生和男生要求要一致,給女生和男生布置安排難度和復雜度相似的作業和課外活動,設法改變消除「女不如男」的性別角色觀念和消極影響。根據男女在成就動機方面存在的性別角色差異,更多地注重女生成就動機的培養,應弄清楚推動女生學習英語的主導動機是什麼,是對專業的熱愛,是實現個人抱負,是自卑使然,是為了就業,是為了獲得父母的喜歡,還是盲目進行的選擇等等,以便隨時進行富有針對性的指導,關注女生的獨立思考能力和創新精神的培養,鼓勵她們不滿足於現狀,豐富、充實自己的英語學習內容,積極參與有一定難度的作業和課外學習活動,如在英語閱讀評析中,要鼓勵女生改變傳統的尋求統一、崇尚等級、服從權威的英語學習模式,敢於挑戰權威,獨立地、客觀地、多角度地對問題進行深入思考,對有爭議的問題敢於直抒己見,充分展現個性。培養創新意識,不斷提高獨立性、抱負水平和成就動機的強度。五、男女在自我意識方面的性別角色差異自我意識是自己對於所有屬於自己身心狀況的認識、體驗與控制,包括生理狀況的自我意識,如身高、體重、形態等;心理特徵的自我意識,如興趣愛好、能力、性、氣質等;自己與他人關系的自我意識,如自己與周圍人們相處的關系、自己在集體中的位置與作用等。個人的自我意識是由自我認識、自我體驗與自我控制力 種心理成分所構成的。心理學研究表明,男女在自我意識方面存在性別角色差異。從總體上看,男性比女性對自己的認識評介更客觀,對自己力量充滿信心,在學習和工作中,獨立性較強,心理活動始終處於積極的狀態中,而女性自信心、獨立性和自我肯定意識較差,容易接受他人暗示。男女在自我意識方面存在性別角色差異,在英語學習中也表現得比較明顯,因此,教師在教學中可將「暗示教學法」的 條原則應用於英語教學領域,用某種含蓄間接的方式,通過語言、行為和信譽對學生的心理和行為產生影響,使學生不自覺地按照一定的方式接受教師的教學理念和教學要求。「暗示教學法」的 條原則,一是保持愉快、輕松、集中的心理鬆弛狀態的原則;二是有意識與無意識統一的原則;三是暗示手段相互作用的原則,這些原則和研究對各科教學具有普遍的指導意義,也同樣適用於英語教學。我們在外語教學中發現,暗示對學生的生理、心理與行為的影響效果表現出明顯的性別差異。一般來講,女生由於自信心不足,富於情緒化,社會閱歷較淺,往往容易接受直接暗示,而男生自信心較強,富於理性,社會閱歷較深,往往容易接受間接暗示,外語教師應針對性別角色的差別,靈活運用暗示教學法的 條原則。順便提一下 幾天前幫我指導的ABC天卞英語的助教和我們說過 若要學好英語應該是不費力地;必然具有適合的學習環境以及實習口語對象,最關鍵就是外教水平,歐美人士比東南亞好很多 口語標准才可以,堅決逐日口語溝通,一對一家教式輔導才能夠有很.好.的進步效率!課後還要回放復習錄音文檔 幫助加強記憶~實在是真的無口語交談的人 最好能去聽力室或滬江拿到課外教材練習,多說多練不知不覺的英語水平就培養起來 學習效果是絕對突飛猛進的..在外語教學中,教師要根據女生自信心不足、富於情緒化和容易接受他人直接暗示的心理特點,不斷提高外語教學水平,時刻樹立自己在女生心目中的學術權威地位,贏得她們的信賴遵從,使之產生對教師的親切感和信任感。同時,也可以藉助沙龍、演講和競賽等大型非正式群體活動,給他們提供充分自我表現的學習,滿足她們願意在同學面前獲得教師認同、好評、贊揚和表現自己的需要,提高他們學習外語的自主性和積極性。在此基礎上,通過辦板、專欄、外語角等多種宣傳途徑形式,多次反復地將英語教學的目的、要求、意義和方法直接提供她們,使她們迅速而無懷疑地加以接受,從而提高教學的效果。針對男生獨立性強、富於理性、社會閱歷廣泛,所作所為不願意被他人行為所支配的特點,在英語教學中,教師要盡量少用命令的形式去提出要求,多用間接暗示法,用含蓄的語言,設置具體的教學情境,巧妙含蓄地加以引導。我們知道,外語言語技能的形成都必須以一定的語言材料為基礎,積累語言材料最重要的一個方面是掌握外語詞彙,詞彙在教學中據一定的地位。通常學生在學習外語時一般都感到詞彙很難記,再就是記熟了許多詞,在外語的表達時提取不出來,用時容易出錯,這種詞語貧乏現象在男生身上表現得非常明顯,他們在外語口語表達訓練中,容易出現畏難情緒和厭倦心理,失去學習外語的興趣,教師在計劃表達內容時,不妨將學生的這種不良心態慎重設計到故事主人公身上,也可利用句子的命題內容反映教學者欲表達的思想和意義,以即興含蓄的形式進行暗示性糾錯引導,將事物的意義間接提供於對方,使他們意識不到教師的真正動機,迅速而無懷疑地接受教學內容。在此基礎上,再經常讓他們充當正式群體活動和非正式群體活動中的支配者和組織者,在保持他們獨立性和自尊心的情況下,使其在自然的心理狀態下,理解教師的教學意圖,端正學習態度,服從教學管理和遵守教學秩序,引導他們在愉悅的心境中,不斷提高學習英語的積極性,在讀、聽、說、寫、譯方面,向更高的學習目標發展。六、男女在社會認知方面的性別角色差異社會認知是個人對他人的心理狀態、行為動機和意向做出推測與判斷的過程,是依據認知者的過去經驗及對有關網的分析,而對外來信息進行心理表象和加工的過程。這個過程取決於每個個體先前的期待和判斷時所採用的標准。由於男女的心理活動和實踐經驗不同,他們對外界信息的期待和採用標準的選擇與簡化也存在差異。英語教學離不開教師與學生之間的人際互動。我們都知道「人微言輕,人資言重」的道理,在英語教學的微觀社會情景中,學生對教師的社會認知印象與教師在學生心目中的威信密切相關,並直接影響學生對教師授課的情感接納、聽課態度和教學效果。在英語教學中,常常受第一印象的影響,依據社會心理學研究,男女在社會認知方面存在著明顯的性別角色差異。英語教學實踐證明,學生對教師的認知首先是通過教師的容貌、體態、衣著、儀表和談吐等外在特徵,推測與判斷教師的個性特徵、外語水平和教學能力。男生和女生觀察的角度和注意的方面是不一樣的,男生主要以教師的身段、儀表、教態和教學風為網,對教師進行內在綜合素質做出評判,女生則習慣於從教師的表情、言辭、目光和著裝打扮等外在特徵,對教師做出肯定或否定的評介。因此,英語專業教師要兼顧不同性別學生的社會知覺特徵,全麵塑造與職業角色相匹配的社會風度。例如,在口語教學中,男生特別注重教師口語表達的流利性,女生關注的則是口語表達的准確性,教師就應同時兼顧口語表達的流利性和准確性,才能充分發揮外在職業特質在調動學生學習積極性和提高英語教學效果方面的特殊作用。綜上所述,男女性別不同在英語學習中存在許多性別差異,總的來講,女性比男性更具語言天賦,男性比女性更具成就感和獨立性,作為英語教育工作者,應了解和正視女生學習語言的天賦優於男生的事實,充分發揮男女兩性學習英語的優勢,揚長避短,進行富有針對性的重點強化和培養,使他(她)們的潛能都能得到最大限度的開發。但也不能過分誇大英語學習的性別差異,還要挖掘發現男女兩性共同的心理特徵,進行有目的、有計劃、有系統的教育,圓滿完成我國高等學校英語專業基礎階段英語教綱和大學英語教綱的要求。

❻ 求一篇關於 「如何提高英語閱讀」的英語論文

Reading is one of the four basic skills which learners are required to master if they want to learn a foreign language. English reading can improve reader』s perception so as to give a lot of help to improve listening, speaking and writing. It can increase knowledge, widen their visions, and enhance their interest in English. However, in China, in foreign language learning, many learners seem to have difficulty in reading accurately and efficiently. To help the learner become a more efficient reader, it is crucial to improve their reading ability. This paper clearly states how we should improve reading ability by adopting the following methods: improving language knowledge, enlarging the reader』s schema, forming a good habit of reading, applying reading skills, be confident and active in reading. [Key words] reading ability; language knowledge; reading schema knowledge; reading skills 1. Introction These days the influence of the English language is increasing. Today no matter you like it or not, English is the closet thing to a lingua franca around the globe; English is very widely used for business. Between different countries, most business letters around the world are written in English, and three quarters of the world』s books and newspapers are made in English. Reading is one of the four basic skills which learners are required to master if they want to learn a foreign language. English reading can improve reader』s perception so as to give a lot of help to improve listening, speaking and writing. It can increase knowledge, widen their visions, and enhance their interest in English. So it is clear that it』s very important to do a lot of English reading. But the problem is that many English learners seem to have difficulty in reading accurately and efficiently. Moreover, in various international and domestic examinations, English reading has taken larger and larger part. In this situation, how to improve English reading draws more and more attention. This paper tries to state some points as how to help English reader improve their reading ability. 2. Improve your language knowledge The language knowledge here mainly refers to vocabulary and grammar. Your language knowledge can help you read both fast and with high comprehension. 2.1 Vocabulary The English language has about 750, 000 words, and more new words are coming into use daily. Also, words are constantly being redefined. Each word takes additional meanings as time passes until it has many meanings. It has been proved that the readers with small store of vocabulary will find it very difficult in reading comprehension. How to solve this problem? According to the study of Hatch and Brown,learners' strategies for 1earning vocabulary fall into five essential steps: 1) having sources for encountering new words; 2) getting the forms of the new words; 3) learning the meanings of the words; 4)making a strong memory of the words; and 5) using the words. This word acquisition theory not only manifests the inner rule or vocabulary learning but also reveals the three important aspects of vocabulary learning: word form, word meaning and word use.[1] Therefore, we can build up our vocabulary from the following aspects: Firstly, learn about word formation. You can enlarge your vocabulary by using the rules of word formation, Many words in the English language are made up of word parts called roots, prefixes, and suffixes, like「 sad 」, 「sadly」, 「sadness」, and so on. Therefore, this method is used to help readers get the meaning of an unknown word by analyzing the word structure, which is by dividing words into usable parts such as roots, prefixes and suffixes. If you know a number of commonly used prefixes, roots and suffixes, they will be of use in unlocking the meanings of unknown words that you find in your reading. For example, when you know the word 「courage」, 「 encourage,discourage,courageous」 will not be new to you.[2] Secondly, collect the new words you often meet in reading. That doesn』t mean encouraging you to consult the dictionary whenever you meet a new word in reading. The appropriate way is to try to guess the word meanings from context clues, from the words around it, and then you will graally know the clear meaning of the word after meeting it often. And now, if you look it up in the dictionary, you will have a good memory of it. Thirdly, learn a certain number of new words by heart every day. Young students have good memories. It is possible for you to memorize some words every day without much difficulty. You can choose some words for yourself, which is very helpfu1. When you meet these words in your reading,you will feel easy, 「Aha, I』ve known their meanings. 」 You will feel confident and more interested in reading. 2.2 Grammar Language is composed of words and grammatical structures. The accurate rate of comprehension is based on the mastering degree of the words and grammar. In case of learning a language, for instance, a child or a beginner who learns a foreign language, learns some words first, then begins to get in touch with the regulation of sentence --grammar, then he can use words to make sentences himself. Only by understanding the rules of the game, you can win the game. Sometimes, we find some learners recite a large number of words and they can say the meaning of them as they see them, but when these words are arranged into a sentence, these learners cannot make sense of them. Why? That is because they are not familiar with grammar. Grammar is the skeleton, which proces the variety of different words combinations. We know that if you thread coins with a cord, you can carry away many coins at a time easily; if the coins scatter on the floor, it is hard to pick up every one. Grammar is like the cord to give life to the combination of words and make the expression diversified. It makes us know the approval, interrogatory or surprising tone and the like. Mastering grammar is the basic step to make progress on English reading. More exercises on grammar are all too good and no harm can come of it. Sometimes, in the reading, you will find that comprehension of an entire passage depends on your ability to understand a single sentence. Sentences, which are very long, sentences, which have more than one meaning, or sentences, which contain difficult grammatical patterns often, cause comprehension problems. In this case, readers should keep the following points in mind. (1) If the sentence is long, try to break it up into small parts: The general then added, 「The only reasonable solution to the sort of problems caused by the current unstable political situation is one of diplomacy and economic measures and not the use of military force.」 You should read the sentence like this:」 The only reasonable solution to the sort of problems/caused by the current unstable political situation/is one of the diplomacy and economic measures/and not the use of military force.」 (2) Look for key words that tell you the relationship within a sentence. 「The West had sent armies to capture and hold Jerusalem; instead they themselves fell victim to new ideas and subtle influences,」 「 Instead 」indicates that something happened contrary to expectations. 3. Enlarge your schema about various topics and things 「The importance of reader』s knowledge of the world has been long emphasized in the reading processes. The role of this previously acquired knowledge in language comprehension has been formalized as schema theory.」[3] According to schema theory, comprehending a text is an interactive process between the reader』s background knowledge and the text. The more you already know, the less you need to find out. A good reader does not read passively only for the prepositional meaning of each sentence, but more importantly, he reads for the meaning at the pragmatic level. He can understand not only its surface meaning decided by vocabulary and grammar, but also the real purpose of the writer in using a particular piece of language. He does this by creating an effective discourse between himself and the writer to negotiate meaning. 4. Form a good habit of reading If you are reading for meaning,try to read fast. Some people read very slowly. They think that reading slowly helps them understand better. That is not right. As a mater of fact, the faster you read, the better you understand. The expression「haste makes waste」 does not apply to reading. Remember, nothing hurts concentration more than reading too slowly. Your mind will keep up with your reading speed if you ask it to. By always reading at your top speed, you challenge your understanding and make it easier for your mind to concentrate on the materia1. To improve your reading speed, you must get rid of the following bad habits: a.Point at words or hold a pen or a pencil or ruler under the line while reading; b.Mumble the words to yourself or say the words in your mind,though other people cannot hear you reading; c.Read back from time to time; d.Stop reading at occurrence of the unknown words to look them up in the dictionary.[4] A good reader should develop a correct method of reading. That is to train himself to read attentively ( not to read back) and silently (not to read aloud), sentence by sentence, not word by word. Whenever meeting a new word, try to guess the meaning from the context. Consulting the dictionary from time to time not only affects one』s reading speed and the comprehension of the reading material, but also gets the reader frustrated. 5. Apply various reading skills 5.1 Prediction

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