❶ 有關英語閱讀策略的的文獻綜述
文獻綜述是對某一方面的專題搜集大量情報資料後經綜合分析而寫成的一種學術論文， 它是科學文獻的一種。
格式與寫法
文獻綜述的格式與一般研究性論文的格式有所不同。這是因為研究性的論文注重研究的方法和結果，特別是陽性結果，而文獻綜述要求向讀者介紹與主題有關的詳細資料、動態、進展、展望以及對以上方面的評述。因此文獻綜述的格式相對多樣，但總的來說，一般都包含以下四部分：即前言、主題、總結和參考文獻。撰寫文獻綜述時可按這四部分擬寫提綱，在根據提綱進行撰寫工。
前言部分，主要是說明寫作的目的，介紹有關的概念及定義以及綜述的范圍，扼要說明有關主題的現狀或爭論焦點，使讀者對全文要敘述的問題有一個初步的輪廓。
主題部分，是綜述的主體，其寫法多樣，沒有固定的格式。可按年代順序綜述，也可按不同的問題進行綜述，還可按不同的觀點進行比較綜述，不管用那一種格式綜述，都要將所搜集到的文獻資料歸納、整理及分析比較，闡明有關主題的歷史背景、現狀和發展方向，以及對這些問題的評述，主題部分應特別注意代表性強、具有科學性和創造性的文獻引用和評述。
總結部分，與研究性論文的小結有些類似，將全文主題進行扼要總結，對所綜述的主題有研究的作者，最好能提出自己的見解。 參考文獻雖然放在文末，但卻是文獻綜述的重要組成部分。因為它不僅表示對被引用文獻作者的尊重及引用文獻的依據，而且為讀者深入探討有關問題提供了文獻查找線索。因此，應認真對待。參考文獻的編排應條目清楚，查找方便，內容准確無誤。關於參考文獻的使用方法，錄著項目及格式與研究論文相同，不再重復。
❷ 求英語文獻綜述閱讀教程PDF以及翻譯，謝謝
去web of science可以找到很多英文文獻
❸ 淺析如何提高英語閱讀理解能力的參考文獻
好問題。
需要多少呢？
Tan譚力海, L.-H. (n/a). The Different Brain Networks Involved in Reading Chinese and English. Paper presented at the Chinese-English Dual-Language Symposium. http://allanguagesymposium.wikispaces.com/file/view/19_TanLihai_.pdf
Koda, K. (2012). Development of Second Language Reading Skills: Cross-Linguistic Perspectives. In S. M. Gass & A. Mackey (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition (pp. 303-318). Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge.
Goodman, K. S., Wang, S., Iventosch, M. S., & Goodman, Y. (Eds.). (2012). Reading in Asian Languages: Making Sense of Written Texts in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. New York, NY: Routledge.
Grabe, W., & Stoller, F. L. (2011-02). Teaching and Researching Reading (2nd ed.). Harlow, England; New York, NY: Longman/Pearson.
Bernhardt, E. B. (2011). Understanding Advanced Second-Language Reading. New York, NY: Routledge.
夠不夠？
❹ 初中英語課外閱讀 必讀書目
適合初中生閱讀的英文書籍推薦
各位讀友大家好，此文檔由網路收集而回來，歡迎您下載，謝答謝
閱讀英語課外讀物，是提高英語閱讀理解水平的有效途徑，本文根據各年級學生的英語水平和學習特點，推薦了一些適合他們閱讀的英語書籍，讓他們在浩如煙海的英語書籍中，找到適合自己的精神食糧。
第一級：300生詞量，適合小學、初一學生，共8本
1、《愛情與金錢》
2、《蘇格蘭瑪麗女王》
3、《在月亮下面》
4、《潘德爾的巫師》
5、《歌劇院的幽靈》
6、《猴爪》
7、《象人》
8、《世界上最冷的地方》
第二級：600生詞量，適合初一學生，8本
1、《威廉·莎士比亞》
2、《一個國王的愛情故事》
L3、《亡靈島》
4、《哈克貝利·費恩歷險記》
5、《魯賓孫漂流記》
6、《愛麗絲漫遊奇境記》
7、《格林·蓋布爾斯來的安妮》
8、《五個孩子和沙精》
第三級：1000生詞量，適合初二學生，分上冊7本，下冊8本
上冊
1、《弗蘭肯斯坦》
2、《野性的呼喚》
3、《秘密花園》
4、《曾達的囚徒》
5、《愛麗絲鏡中世界奇遇記
❺ 初中英語閱讀理解參考文獻有哪些
背好單詞就行了！
❻ 求初中英語閱讀文章 （原文+翻譯）
1．Learning：A Lifelong Career【學習：一生的事業】
As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty.
Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What's worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career.
學習之於心靈，就像食物之於身體一樣。攝取了適量的營養食物，我們的身體得以生長而肌肉得以發達。同樣地，我們應該日復一日不斷地學習以保持我們敏銳的心智能力，並擴充我們的智力容量。不斷的學習提供我們用不盡的燃料，來驅使我們磨利我們的推理、分析和判斷的能力。持續的學習是在信息時代中跟時代並駕齊驅的最穩當的方法，也是在變動的世代中成功的可靠保證。
一旦學習停止，單調貧乏的生活就開始了。視學校為汲取知識的唯一場所是種常見的謬誤。相反地，學習應該是一種無終止的歷程，從生到死。由於世界一直快速地在變動，只要學習停頓數日就將使人落後。更糟的是，蟄伏在我們潛意識深處的獸性本能就會復活，削弱我們追求高貴理想的意志，弱化我們掃除成功障礙的決心，而且扼殺我們凈化我們人格的慾望。缺少學習將不可避免地導致心靈的停滯，甚至更糟地，使其僵化。因此，為了保持心理年輕，我們必須將學習當作一生的事業。
2．heavy shoolwork【課業繁重】
In my opinion, the schoolwork now being assigned to high school students is too heavy. While it is true that students need to study, they need other things as well if they are to grow into healthy and well-rounded alts. High should be allowed more time for play. Plying is not wasting time, as some think. It gives them physical exercise, and also exercise their imagination. Which tends to be stifled by too much study. Finally, the pressure put on high school students by excessive schoolwork can cause serious stress, which is unhealthy physically and mentally. I do not advocate the elimination of schoolwork. I do think, however, that a rection of the current heavy load would be beneficial to students and to the society as a whole.
我認為目前高中生的課業實在太重了，雖然說學生的確應當念書，但是要想長大成為健全的人，他門還需要一些其它的東西，所以應該給高中生較多從事娛樂的時間。娛樂並不如某些人所想的，是在浪費時間，它可以讓學生鍛煉身體，發揮被繁重課業扼殺的想像力。此外，繁重的課業加諸在高中生身上的壓力可能引起嚴重的情緒緊張，這對身心都有害。我並非主張廢除學校課業，但是我認為減輕目前繁重的課業對於學生和整個社會都是有益的。
3．Time【時間】
Lost time is never found again. This is something which I learned very clearly last semester. I spent so much time fooling around that my grades began to suffer. I finally realized that something had to be done. It was time for a change.
Now I have a new plan for using my time wisely. I have set my alarm clock ahead half an hour. This will give me a head start on the day. I have also decided to keep a log of what I do and when I do it. Looking back on what I』ve done will give me some ideas on how to reorganize my time.
時光一去不復返，這是我上學期清楚學到的教訓。我浪費很多時間四處游盪，以致於我的成績開始退步。最後我終於了解到我必須有所作為；該是痛改前非的時候了。
現在我有一個明智運用時間的新方法。我已將鬧鍾早撥半小時，這將使我這一天的作息提前開始。我也決定將我所做的一切及做這些事的時間記錄下來。回顧我所做的事情會啟發我如何重新安排我的時間。
4．Work and Play【工作與娛樂】
Work and play do not contradict each other; in fact, they complement each other. As the saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a ll boy." A life burdened with work leads you nowhere, for you would get tired and bored with your daily routine work. On the other hand, proper recreation will relieve the tension and discomfort of our monotonous life because it offers you various ways to let out your pent-up emotions.
What I usually do to relax after school is jogging and seeing movies. Usually I don't spare time for exercise, but I value the physical ecation class at school. Jogging several rounds in the field certainly relieves the day's pressure. On weekends, I'll catch the morning movie for my visual enjoyment. I feel revived and energetic for another week's work-load.
工作與娛樂並不互相沖突，事實上，它們之間的關系還相輔相成。有句格言說：「整日工作而沒有休閑娛樂，會令人變得沉悶乏味。」被工作重擔壓得喘不過氣來的生活，將使你一事無成，因為你將對一成不變的例行公事感到厭煩。由另一方面來說，適度的娛樂活動能提供各種管道，來渲泄你被壓抑的情緒，減輕單調生活中的緊張與不悅。
放學之後，我最常做的休閑活動，便是慢跑與看電影。通常我並不特地撥出時間來做運動，但是我很重視學校的體育課。在操場上慢跑幾圈，無疑地可以減輕一天的壓力。在周末時，我都去看早場電影，享受視覺饗宴。如此一來，我將有如再生般的充沛活力，去面對下一星期的工作量。
5．My first Job【我的第一份工作】
My first job was at a cramming school. It was three years ago when I just graated from junior high school and finished the entrance examination. since I had nothing to do that summer, I decided to find a job, tasting the joy of independence.
I was responsible for answering the telephone and taking the message. I worked eight hours a day, six days a week. The work was not difficult nor heavy to me and I guess I did well. The most delighted thing was perhaps that I could spend the money I earned all by myself.
我的第一份工作是在一家補習班做事。那是三年前我剛從國中畢業，考完聯考時的事了。既然我那整個夏天都閑著沒事，倒不如找份差事，嘗嘗獨立賺錢的快樂。
我負責接聽電話且紀錄留言的工作。我一天工作八小時，一星期工作六天。那份工作對我而言既不困難亦不沉重，所以我想我還滿稱職的。而最令人快樂的事大概莫過於花全部由自己賺來的錢了！
6．My Favorite Sports【我最喜愛的運動】
Sports help everyone to keep healthy, happy, and efficient. So I pay special attention to games, especially table-tennis. Table tennis is my favorite game. I play it almost every day.
Table-tennis is an ideal game us because it brings the whole body into action. It strengthens our muscles, expands our lungs, promotes the circulation of the blood, and causes a healthy action of the skin. Besides, it is very amusing and does not cost us much money. Table-tennis is very moderate; it is not so rough as football. It is an indoor game and can be played even on rainy days. Thus, it is my favorite kind of exercise.
運動能幫助每一個人保持健康、快樂和有效率。所以我特別重視運動，特別是撞球，撞球是我最喜歡的運動。我幾乎每天玩。
撞球對我們而言，是一項理想的運動，因為它可以使我們全身運動，它可以增強我們的肌肉，擴張我們的肺部，促進血液循環，並且使肌膚產生健康作用，此外，它很有趣而且所費不多。撞球是相當溫和適中的，它不像足球那麼粗野。它是一種室內運動，甚至在下雨天也能玩。因此，撞球是我最喜愛的一種運動。
7.經過一周的相處，我發現您是一個可愛而風趣的女士。上您的課時我總感覺時間飛逝。不過我還是不太習慣。不同於我們初中的學習方式的是，您總是在課堂上說口語。有時，我會發現您說的很難理解由於很快的語速、很多的生詞。這使我感覺聽課會很困難。對此我有一些建議。我希望您可以在最初的這段時間內，對您所用的生詞多作解釋。這將對我有很大幫助。謝謝。
希望我們能成為好朋友。我相信，以後聽您的課時我們將十分自信與快樂。
I found that you are a lovely and humourous lady after getting along with you for a week. Time flies when I am in your class. However I am not used to your way of teaching. you always speak English in the class, which is different from the way in middle school. Sometimes I found it's difficult to follow you because your fast speed of speach and many new words. Therefore, I have some suggestions. I hope you could explain more about the new words you often use ring this period of time. I think it will be a great help for me. Thanks.
I hope that we can be good friends. I believe that we will be more self-confident and happier in your class.
8.A Story About Zhou Enlai
When Zhou Enlai was a little boy,he always worked hard.He kept on write one hundred Chinese characters every day.
But one day,many friends of his mather's came to his house.ZhouEnlai was helping his mather with housework in the day.He had no time to write.
At night,he was very tired and wanted very much to sleep.But he still thought he should finish writing the Chinese characters before he went to bed.
When seeing this,his mother made the bed quickly and said,"Do it tomorrow!"
"No, mother,today's work must be done today."
Zhou Enlai went to the kitchen,put his head into the clod water .Then he took out some paper and a writing brush.
His mother adivised him to sleep again.But he said,"Mum,go to bed yourself.I must fisish writing one hundred Chinese characters today,for I can't leave today's work over till tomorrow."
After Zhou Enlai finished writing,he weng to bed at ease.
翻譯：一篇關於周恩來
當周恩來是個小男孩的時候,他總是工作很努力。他不停地寫100漢字每一天。
但是有一天,很多朋友他的媽媽來到了他家。ZhouEnlai幫他媽媽做家務在路上行駛。他沒有時間再寫了。
晚上,他非常疲倦,很想睡覺。但他仍然認為他應該寫完漢字在睡覺前。
當看到這一幕,他的母親整理床鋪迅速,說:「明天再做!」
「不,媽媽,今天的工作必須做的今天。」
周恩來走到廚房,把他的頭撞到了寒冷的水然後他拿出一些紙和毛筆。
他的母親adivised他又睡著了。但耶穌對他們說:「媽媽,去睡覺吧你自己。我必須fisish寫100漢字今天,我不能把今天的工作拖到明天去做。」
周恩來寫完後,他嘛呢嘛呢嗡啊上床自在。
9. The government and people of China have always admired the purposes and principles of the Olympic spirit and supported the efforts made by the Olympics in promoting world peace. The Chinese government and people are doing our utmost in preparation for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. It is our hope to make it a grand gathering that will carry forward the Olympic spirit, promote world peace and enhance the friendship among people of the world, so that the Olympic spirit will flourish once again, this time in China, an oriental country with an ancient civilization.
中國人民一向贊賞奧林匹克精神的宗旨和原則，支持奧林匹克運動為促進世界和平所做的努力。中國政府和中國人民正全力以赴，做好2008年北京奧運會的籌備工作，力爭把2008年奧運會辦成一次弘揚奧林匹克精神、促進世界和平、增進各國人民友誼的盛會，讓奧林匹克精神在中國這一東方文明古國再次得到發揚。
10.How to Study English Well? 怎樣學好英語？
We all know that English is very useful. Many people in the world speak English. So more and more people in China study it.
How to study English well? I think we must have a good way to study English. If you want to learn English well, listening, speaking, reading and writing are important. You should listen to tapes every day. You should often speak English with your teachers and friends. You should read English every morning. And, you had better keep a diary every day. In this way, you can study English well.
我們都知道英語很有用，世界上有許多人講英語。所以中國也有越來越多的人學英語。
怎樣把英語學好？我想我們必須有一個好的學習英語的方法。如果你想學好英語，聽、說、讀、寫很重要。你應該每天聽磁帶，你應該經常同老師和朋友們講英語，你應該每天早晨讀英語，而且你最好每天記一篇日記。用這種方法，你就能學好英語。
❼ 有沒有適合初中生閱讀的英語材料
初中英語材料回的答
http://www.okwise.com/esite/ENG-ALL.htm
http://www.okwise.com/esite/eng-book/engbook-class.htm
❽ 適合初中生的英語閱讀材料有哪些
小書蟲系列的比較不錯,還分了適合初一、初二、初三讀的.基本上都是名著的簡略版,句子比較美,還可以提高詞彙量.對閱讀和寫作都比較有幫助.
❾ 初中英語閱讀理解資料
A
Ben Franklin once wrote, 「 to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.」 People would suppose that Ben also meant students, but schools start before 8 am which means most students have to wake up around 6;30. this makes it challenging for teenagers to sleep the nine hours that the National Sleep Foundation (NSF) suggests. If teens ________________, their overall health would improve. Schools should move their strting times to 8;30 am or later.
It is nomal for teens to go to sleep late: only 15% of teens fall asleep before 10:45 pm; 5% hit the sack around 10:45 pm and the other 80% go to sleep after 11 pm. And many teens have sleeping problems.
What』s more, doctors say that lack of sleep is the top health problem. If true, why can』t something be done to help the students get more sleep? Studies show how that teens who sleep nine and a half hours have less despression, are late for class less often, and have fewer health problems.
Another benefit of starting school later is that students』 gradees would improve. It is easy to see that more sleep=smart students=students paying more attention in class=better grades. This has been proven in studies of schools all over the USA that have changed tjeir starting times. It is important for teens to get enough sleep so that they will remain in excellent build and earn super grades. Government and teachers would also benefit from a later starting time.
Depression 抑鬱症 benefit 名詞，動詞 益處，獲益，受益
寫出本文的題目（10詞以內）
____________________________________________________________________________
在文中找出與下句意義最為接近的句子，並寫出來。
Enough sleep will benefit students not only in their health but also in their grades.
____________________________________________________________________________
用合適的詞或者短語填空，補全句子。（10詞以內）
____________________________________________________________________________
翻譯劃線句子。
____________________________________________________________________________
If you want your school to change the starting time, write at least 2 reasons.
_____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
B
1不同的國家有不同的禮儀。We』d better find out their customs so that they will not think us ill-mannered. Here are some examples of the things that a person with good ecation does or does not do.
If you visit a Chiinese family, you should 2________________ the door first. When the door opens, you should not move before the host says, 「 Come in, please.」 3 After you enter the room, you can』t be seated before the host asks you to. When a cup of tea is put on the table in front of you or sent to your hands, you should say 「thank you.」 And receive it with two hands, not one hand, or they will think you are impolite. Before entering a house in Japan, 4 taking off your shoes is good manners. In Europen countries, even though the shoes became very dirty, this is not done. In a Malay house, a visitor never finishes his food on the plate, instead, he leaves a little to show that he has enough. In England, a visitor alaways finshes the food or drink to show that he has enjoyed it. This will make the host pleased.
1將劃線句子1 翻譯為英語。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2在橫線上填入一個合適的片語。
3 寫出劃線句子3漢語意思。
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4寫出劃線句子4的同義句
_______________________________________________________________________________
5回答問題：
If we have dinner in an England family, what should we do to make the host pleased?
_______________________________________________________________________________
C
It would be hard for a family to live on 300 yuan a month, wouldn』t it?
That』s 1 ________________ Li Hua』s family have to live on for a whole year. The world is now trying to help people like Li Hua』s family to live better.
From Tuesday until today, about 2,000 government leaders and scientists met in Shanghai to talk about stopping poverty around the world.
2 _____________________
Most of those people live in African countries like Sierra Leone and Somalia. These countries often have wars and lots of diseases. Now, more than 1 billion people in the world live in poverty(貧困). 3 The UN said that by 2015, that number should be cut in half.
To help China』s poor people, the World Bank has given more than 37 million yuan to help China build railways and schoolsand stop river pollution and deserts.
Many families in China』s countryside, like LI Hua』s in Chongqing, are very poor. Li Hua, 13, lives with her mother, two grandparents and a sixteen –year-old brother in Chongqing. Her father is dead. 4 她的家人靠種莊稼為生。5 They have no TV, no electric fan and no telephone.
1 選擇正確的片語填入該處：
A how many B how often C how long D how much
2 選擇正確的句子填入該處：
A .According to the United Nations, the poorest people in the world live on less than 8.5 yuan a day.
B. According to the United Nations, most countries in the world are doing something to stop pollution.
3 將劃線句子翻譯為漢語
______________________________________________________________________________
4 劃線句子翻譯為英語
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5 寫出劃線句子的同義句
______________________________________________________________________________
D
Father』s Day is a very new festival in British compared with Mother』s Day, which has been a very popular festival in the UK for a long time.
Father』s Day started in America. Once there was a man called William Smith, whose wife died and he had to raise six children by himself. His daughter, Sonaro, thought when she grew up what her father had done for them. So she thought that there should be a Father』s Day festival. Later, the tradition waas born, falling on the third Sunday every June.
Britain took the idea of Father』s Day from the USA and it has been popular since then.
What do British people do for Father』s Day?
Well, most people would buy their fathers a card. 4 The card would have a nice message in it saying what a great Dad their father is. Some people do buy presents as well.
Popular gifts for Dads are probably ties, chocolates or socks because these are things that Dads can always use even if they don』t want them.
Some families might do things together to celebrate it, like __________________________ .
As a special treat, British people might give their Dad a abit of rest---make him a cup of tea, or even wash his car to make him feel really relaxed.
1寫出本文的題目（5詞以內）
____________________________________________________________________________
2在文中找出與下句意義最為接近的句子，並寫出來。
The Americans first had father』s Day in the world.
____________________________________________________________________________
3用合適的詞或者短語填空，補全句子。（5詞以內）
____________________________________________________________________________
4 翻譯劃線句子。
____________________________________________________________________________
5 用英語回答問題
What will you do on Father』s Day? Why?
_____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
E
As you study, don』t forget to review your notes and any special information from your notebooks. Pay more attention to anything the teacher seemed to stress in class.
Usually many teachers tell students ahead of time what the form of an exam will be. This can help you plan how to study. For example, if you know you are going to have choice questions on World War II, you should ____________________ facts and details. On the other hand, if the exam has understanding questions, you will think about which topic it should be and then go over your note, books, and other reference books to consider how to answer the questions on the topic.
When trying to remember dates, names or other real information, keep in mind that it usually takes a tries to remember something correctly. That is one reason why it is good idea to start studying well before a test. Use special memory ways that the teacher may have suggested or the ones that you invent yourself. Read the passage several times if you need to, and write down some important words and phrases that can help you remember the main idea of the passage.
Some people find it helpful to teach what they are studying aloud to aonther student or study with a partner. Another studying method is making cards that show some of imoportant facts. Then you can use them to review for a test.
寫出本文的題目（10詞以內）
____________________________________________________________________________
在文中找出與下句意義最為接近的句子，並寫出來。
Teaching what you are studying to others or studying with a partner is helpful for some people.
____________________________________________________________________________
用合適的詞或者短語填空，補全句子。（5詞以內）
___________________________________________________________________________
翻譯劃線句子。
____________________________________________________________________________
用英語回答問題：
In your opinion what is the best way of studying for a test?
_____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
F
One day a wealthy man took his young son on a ttrip to the country with the purpose of showing him _______________. They spent a day and a night on the farm of a very poor family. When they got back from their trip the father asked his son, 「How was the trip?」
「Very Good, Dad」
「Did you see how poor some people are?」 the father asked.
「 Yes!」
「 And what did you learn?」
The son answered, 「 I saw that we have a dog at home, and they have four. We have a pool that reaches to the middle of the garden; they have a lake that has no end. We have expensive lamps in the garden while they have the stars.」
When the son ended, his father was too puzzled to say anything. His son added, 「 Thanks, Dad, for showing me how poor we are!」
Isn』t it true that it all denpends on the way you look at things? If you have love, friends, family, health, good sense of humour and a positive attitude toward the life, you have everything. You can』t buy any of these things. You can have all the material things, but if you are poor in spirit, you have nothing.
寫出本文的題目（5詞以內）
____________________________________________________________________________
在文中找出與下句意義最為接近的句子，並寫出來。
Great wealth will not bring you happiness, unless you are rich in spirit, too.
____________________________________________________________________________
用合適的詞或者短語填空，補全句子。（5詞以內）
___________________________________________________________________________
翻譯劃線句子。
____________________________________________________________________________
用英語回答問題
What are your opinions about being rich?
_____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
❿ 如何提高學生英語的閱讀能力的論文 參考文獻
閱讀一直是英語教學中的一個重要環節。從句子到段落，從段落到文章的理解都要通過仔細閱讀來完成。培養學生閱讀理解能力一直是英語教學的目標之一。下面就如何培養中學生閱讀理解能力提出個人的看法：
一、提高學習興趣
俗話說：興趣是最好的老師。只有引起學生濃厚的興趣，才能取得良好的學習效果。
在教學開始時，我給每個學生起一個英文名,學生們很好奇，也很樂意自己擁有了新名字。無論是課上還是課下我都叫他們的英文名。在教學過程中，我認真研讀教材，精心設計語言情景，通過學唱英文歌曲、競猜、搶答、表演等形式組織好課堂教學，有時自編的小品都取材於班內真人真事，讓本人表演。我還專門成立了一個編劇小組，讓他們積累素材。課堂教學的多樣性，充分滿足了學生的好奇心理，寓教於樂，學生不會生厭，讓他們參與其中，充分發揮學生學習的主動性。
二、擴大詞彙量
詞彙量的大小直接影響學生的理解和閱讀速度。擴大詞彙量是提高閱讀能力的重要前提。所以，對於每個英語學習者，都要熟練掌握一定量的詞，才能更好地進行閱讀。詞彙量的獲得，首先是課本上的必須掌握。在記單詞時不要單獨記生詞，那樣很容易忘，最好把它放在句子或文章中一起記憶。把單詞同整句話一起記，不僅記住了單詞的意思，也記住了它的用法。其次，廣泛閱讀是擴大詞彙量的一種非常有效的手段。在泛讀時不要求對內容完全掌握，能看懂、能接受信息、進行簡單總結，能就所讀內容進行問答就行。廣泛閱讀可以是老師向學生指定閱讀材料，然後統一檢查、提問。也可以是學生自己閱讀，老師不可以撒手不管，放任自流，在讀物選擇方面老師應給予指導，作到有布置、有指導、有檢查。可以讓學生們通過比賽看書多少、難易程度、詞彙量的大小來激發讀書的樂趣。
三、養成良好閱讀習慣
良好的閱讀習慣是提高閱讀能力的前提，不同的閱讀方法會產生不同的結果。良好的閱讀習慣應該是：1. 不要出聲讀或指讀，要默讀。出聲讀和指讀都會分散注意力，限制閱讀速度。默讀可以集中大腦，邊讀邊想，可設問、可推測。2. 不要逐字逐句地讀，要以意群或句子為單位。逐字逐句地閱讀過多地把注意力放在單詞上，不僅影響閱讀速度，而且不容易抓住文章的中心大意。3. 不要重復閱讀，這樣影響理解力的集中，減慢閱讀速度，因此會挫傷學生的閱讀興趣。要調用自己的全部知識和智慧，一口氣越障礙看到底。4. 不要一見生詞就查字典，要養成根據上下文猜測生詞詞義的習慣，在不影響理解全文的地方，要捨得放過難點，只有這樣，才能保持閱讀興趣。5. 不要邊讀邊譯，這樣影響速度，不能促進理解。應該直接用英語思維、記關鍵詞、抓主旨。
四、重視閱讀技能的培養
讀書需要多種能力，需要語言能力、記憶能力、語言技能、理解能力及閱讀技能。
閱讀能力也是閱讀方法，閱讀目的不同需要不同的方法，閱讀材料不同需要不同的方法，不同類的書需要不同的方法。培根在「論讀書」一文中對閱讀技能、方法作過論述：「書有可淺嘗者，有可吞食者，少數則須咀嚼消化。換言之，有隻須讀其部分者，有隻需大體涉獵者，少數則須全讀，讀時須全神貫注，孜孜不倦。書也可請人代讀，取其所作摘要，但只限題材較次或價值不高者，否則書經提煉猶如水經蒸餾，淡而無味矣。」
「只須讀其部分者」是有目的，有選擇的閱讀，可通過巡查與略讀來完成；「有可吞食者」，即「只須大體涉獵者」，指快速吞食，可大體略讀、查閱；「少數則須咀嚼消化」，即「少數則須全讀」，需要進行反復閱讀、精讀、研讀。
掌握一定的技能之後，還要多練，做到熟能生巧，真正提高閱讀能力。
下面分別介紹一些閱讀技能。
（一）尋找主題句
每篇文章都是一個有機的整體，一個段落只有一個主題思想，每個段落都有一個句子表達這個段落的主題思想，這個句子叫做主題句。大多數主題句出現在段首，有些主題句出現在段尾，也有少部分的主題句出現在該段中間。但一般文章的寫作都是遵循把重要信息放在第一句這種原則。所以「首行」讀法對於學生讀自己太熟悉的題材的文章時尤為適用，這樣可以幫助讀者先在頭腦里樹立整篇文章的內容框架，然後再補充框架，仔細閱讀。
(二)首末段落與各段首句讀法
每篇文章或章節的首段和末段具有特殊的重要意義，作者會在首段里陳述他的寫作意圖，也可能會在末段里對整個章節做出總結。因此，應十分重視首末段落。同時，還要重視各段的第一句，因為往往首段後的各個段落是對首段的展開。再有，重視各段首句可以彌補有時首段陳述不詳的缺陷，解決末段綜述性話語里的疑難問題。
（三）搜尋式閱讀，即跳讀
跳讀的目的是要從文章中查閱到所需要的某些特定的信息。要採取豎視視向閱讀。即眼睛不橫向視讀，要豎向閱讀，對於每行的東西只讀關鍵詞，非關鍵詞不用注意。對關鍵詞也是一掃而過，因為豎視視向閱讀或者掃視關鍵詞都是在掌握主旨大意後，對其他部分的閱讀，速度必須快。關鍵詞是指主語、謂語、賓語；文章標題、引號部分、粗體字、黑體字、大寫字、斜體字、劃線部分；承接語、過渡詞；代詞、動詞、形容詞。
（四）正確判斷和推理
在讀完文章、了解文章大意後，還要向自己提出更高的要求，那就是根據作者使用的語言，敘述的事實、引用例證、人物的對話及動作、心理活動的描寫等推斷出作者寫這篇文章的意圖是什麼，他想要說明什麼問題，表達什麼觀點及持有什麼樣的態度。這是一個通過表面文字推測文章深層結構含義的判斷、推理過程，它能推動學生積極地思考，培養較高的理解能力、准確的判斷能力和果斷的推理能力，這些能力的獲得有利於學生順利地閱讀文章、理解文章，提高閱讀效率。
總之，英語學習是一個循序漸進的過程，閱讀能力的培養非一日之力，閱讀者需要長期地、認真地積累語言知識、擴大詞彙量、博覽群書，鍛煉自己的分析能力，提高認識能力；培養理解能力，加強記憶、判斷、推理等能力，必須正確掌握、使用語法知識，學習一定的閱讀技能，掌握閱讀辦法。