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高考閱讀真題英語中英國文化

發布時間:2021-02-26 12:35:07

❶ 高考閱讀理解或高中英語閱讀理解帶有全文翻譯的書有哪些

高考閱讀理解:王長喜英語四級考試書——標准英語閱讀全文翻譯100篇,每篇文章都有全文翻譯,後面的結構分析也很詳細,你可以買本看看,四級英語比高中的英語詞彙量大,如果看得話,可以增加你的詞彙量,當然,是高考超綱的看起來會比較吃力。

高中英語閱讀理解帶有全文翻譯:新概念英語第四冊吧,比較經典的書,幾十年了。針對閱讀理解,建議還是提高自己的閱讀能力,我是速讀協會會員,給你推薦一個提高閱讀能的工具:

1、閱讀能力是一個籠統的概念,閱讀包含閱讀速度、閱讀理解力、整理歸納分析能力等,語文、英語閱讀在閱讀速度、歸納提取重點兩個方面表現得更明顯。

2、培養閱讀能力,首先要掌握科學高效的閱讀方法,也就是練習快速閱讀(速讀),其次養成閱讀的習慣,多讀多練。

閱讀能力是需要從小培養的,快速閱讀是一種科學、高效的讀書方法,它激活我們的「眼、腦」潛能,培養我們直接把視覺器官感知的文字元號轉換成意義,消除頭腦中潛在的發音現象,越過由發聲到理解意義的過程,形成眼腦直映式的閱讀方式。

最終實現閱讀提速、整體感知、理解記憶的飛躍。具體練習可以參考:《精英特速讀記憶訓練網站》,《精英特快速閱讀記憶訓練》是我們協會認可的,安裝軟體即可進行試用訓練,我自己練習過的,用正式軟體堅持每天練習一個多小時,15-30個小時,閱讀速度差不多能提高5-10倍的。

提高閱讀能力,培養讀書興趣,讓閱讀成為習慣,對於提高自己的認知和思考不無裨益。

3、如果是正在考試或者正在忙著備考的學生,特別閱讀記憶差的,我建議學習一下精英特,精英特速讀也是我們協會認可的。


(1)高考閱讀真題英語中英國文化擴展閱讀:

高考過後,「一條草魚」刷了屏。事出2017年高考浙江省語文卷,其中有一道現代文閱讀題,講的是一碗草魚湯的美味。

因為題目之難,有人戲稱,枉費在朋友圈轉發了那麼多條「好運錦鯉」,沒想到敗給了一條草魚。更火上澆油的,是文章原作者鞏高峰現身,稱「標准答案沒出來,我怎麼知道我想表達什麼」。

閱讀理解題,原作者竟然「理解不了」?這種極富視覺沖擊力和諷刺意味的事件,幾乎每年都會成為熱炒話題。作家周國平日前甚至出書,題目就是《試卷中的周國平》,表達了對閱讀題出題方式的不滿。鞏高峰之所以一夜變「網紅」,正是因為這種「反諷」。

有人認為,這是高考命題不合理的典型例證:作者本人都不知道「想表達什麼」,考生怎麼會知道?這樣的考題,能檢測出真實的語文水平嗎?

然而事實真的如此嗎?我們不妨釐清兩個概念,「寫作」和「命題」。很多時候,「寫作」是一種渾然天成的狀態,作家縱然會「設計」,但往往受筆下人物、事件牽引,水到渠成,如果邊寫邊想「這段用兩種修辭」「下段用一組疊詞」,恐怕難入佳境;

「命題」恰恰相反,對命題者來說,如何用一篇文本,最大程度地考查學生語文素養,是其終極目的,在這個過程中,有分析、解讀、升華等「化驗其成分」的過程,再正常不過。

矛盾就在這個過程中產生。「畫美人者」和「解剖美人者」,心境畢竟不同,要求前者干後者的活兒,不可能沒有別扭感和沖突感,更可能「當時就這么寫的,沒細想為什麼」。

其實說到底,很多作家寫作時,憑借扎實功底和深厚積淀,很多時候「此中有真意,欲辨已忘言」,但對考生而言,必須說出個一二三來。

原作者不會閱讀題,看似矛盾,實不矛盾,因為兩者目的不同,結果自然可能會有出入。正如鞏高峰表示:「小說我寫完了,跟我就沒關系了,誰愛怎麼解讀都是可以的,老師拿去出題當然也是可以的。」

分解剖析名篇佳作,進行閱讀理解,是語文教學的重要方式。學語文如同學體操、武術,一開始要進行動作分解,經過反復練習才會變成本能;也如學書法、音樂,都要經過臨摹、背誦、模仿的階段,等到了一定水平,自然會厚積薄發。

正如中小學生寫作文時,允許想像、虛構某些場景、情節,抒寫積極正面的思想感情,這不必解讀為「撒謊作文」,對閱讀理解題「答案」的把握也是如此。

古往今來許多大師、大家,誰一開始不是從學習別人起步的呢?作為一名中學生,被老師用閱讀理解題的方式「扶一程」,很有必要。等到掌握了各種技巧,具備了一定素養,自然不必尋尋覓覓「作者想表達什麼」,而能自成一家之言。

從這個意義上說,我們不妨對「原作者做不對閱讀題」現象多點理解和寬容。閱讀理解命題最難的一點,是文章向來仁者見仁、智者見智,「一千個人心中有一千個哈姆雷特」。

但考題就是要提煉出共識部分,讓「一千個考生心中只有一個或幾個哈姆雷特」,否則就要扣分,爭議的焦點就在於此。難道問題就無解了嗎?不盡然。

語文教學中,閱讀理解不可或缺,考試也必不可少,但要想達到真實檢測考生語文素養的目的,題目不妨靈活一點,少點「標准答案」,允許「言之不同」,只要說得在理,就能得分。

這樣,無論是對培養學生的閱讀能力還是發散思維能力,抑或是增強考試的科學性、准確性,有百利而無一害。

當前,高考改革正在穩步推進,但「宏觀層面」居多,對「微觀層面」的改革尚需發力,閱讀理解考試改革不妨先行一步。

❷ 哪裡有歷年高考英語閱讀理解真題及其譯文下載

網上有很多昂,歷年高考真題,歷年高考模擬題還有高考作文。 推薦績優堂的,有試卷,有app,網站也有提供下載的,而且試題後面還有視頻詳解。

❸ 為什麼中國的高考英語試卷題好多英國人美國人都看不懂語法不會做 憑什麼要我們必須會 為什麼連美國

先問是不是,再問為什麼。你怎麼知道英國人美國人都看不懂,都不會做?
參考拂菻坊(英國人)做中國英語題的視頻,謠言已破。可以在Bilibili視頻站上找到。在視頻中拂菻坊和其他英國人一起做了些中國英語試題,均表示語法詞彙類試題(選擇、完型之類)非常容易,只是閱讀題有難度(大概由於出題思路是中式的?),和中國人正好相反。
雖然中國的應試教育使得外語學習脫離實際,但這不是不學外語的理由。
你可以把你所學的東西理解為基礎,不學走路,怎麼學跳舞?當然你用走路的姿態去跳舞,自然會顯得很逗比就是。如果你對學校教的這種不實用的英語感到不爽,那就好好學啊,學好了再標榜自己學的東西比學校教的渣渣玩意不知道高到哪裡去了,這樣面子有了,氣出了,B格也高了。
希望你不是以此為借口給自己不學英語的理由。

❹ 高考英語閱讀選題目題如何做

一、考點聚焦
1、題型特點
閱讀是理解和吸收書面信息的能力。《中學英語教學大綱》規定,中學生應側重培養閱讀理解能力。
閱讀材料的選取原則為:
(1)閱讀量不少於1000個單詞。近三年超過2000字篇數為5篇,讀速要求為44.2,44.6和46.3wpm。
(2)題材多樣化,包括科普、社會、文化、政治、史地、經濟、新聞報道乃至廣告說明。
(3)體裁避免單一化,包括記敘文、說明文、應用文等。
2、試題要求
(1)掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意,以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實和細節。
(2)既理解具體的事實,也理解抽象的概念。
(3)既理解字面意思,也理解深層含義,包括作者的態度、意圖等。
(4)既理解某句、某段的意義也理解全篇的邏輯關系,並據此進行推理和判斷。
(5)能根據材料所提供的信息,結合中學生應有的常識正確判斷生詞的含義。
3、基本能力
(1)能迅速看準每句的結構,抓住主句的主語、謂語、賓語。
(2)有一定的詞彙量和辨詞能力。
(3)能靈活運用所學語法知識,根據句中的某個詞迅速斷定真假、語態和時態等。
(4)對英美文化背景知識有一定了解。
(5)有良好的思維能力,能邊看邊加工所得到的信息,從而作出正確分析、判斷和綜合。
(6)有平時大量閱讀作基礎,有一定的語感和相當的閱讀速度。

二、應試技巧點撥
1、四個步驟
(1)速讀短文,了解短文的主旨大意,辨別文體,掌握結構。
(2)看題。了解考查內容,帶著問題讀材料,尋找答案。
(3)復讀。對所選答案有針對性地尋找支撐論點的關鍵信息。
(4)核查。注意各題的答案應邏輯一致,不能自相矛盾。盡可能找到(從文中)根據,確保正確無誤。
2、四個善於
(1)關於審題,找出文中依據。
(2)善於尋找線索。
(3)善於抓主題句,解決概括題。
(4)善於篩選、比較、衡量、綜合文章的有用信息。
3、三個避免
(1)只見樹木不見林。
(2)難題耗時太多。
(3)閱讀方式不當。

三、精典範例
例1 (NMET 2001)
Shanghai: Car rentals(出租)are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads. Business people, foreigners and families alike are making good use of the growing instry.

The first car rental firm opened in Shanghai in 1992 and now 12 car rental players are in the game, with more than 11,500 cars in their books.

The largest player—Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are big favorite.

Firms can attract enough customers for 70 percent of their cars every month. This figure shoots up ring holiday seasons like National Day, Labor Day and New Year's Day, with some recording 100 percent rental.

The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees(白領雇員),who can afford the new service, said Zhuang Yu, marketing manager of Shanghai Angel car Rental Co.
( )1. The words "deluxe sedans","minivans"and "station wagons"used in the text refer to ___________.
A.cars in the making B.car rental firms
C.cars for rent D.car makers
( )2. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
A. 70% of the cars can be rented out on holiday.
B. 70% of the customers are while-collar employees.
C. More firms are open for service ring holiday seasons.
D. Some firms rent out all their cars ring holiday seasons.
( )3. Shanghai's car rental instry is growing so fast mainly e to ___________.
A. better cars supplied by procers.
B. fast service offered by car rental firms.
C. the increasing number of white-collar emplioyees.
D. people's growing interest in travelling ring holidays.
解析:
1.C。上文提到:"Shanghai Bashi旅遊車租賃中心"提供了廣泛豐富的選擇,可判斷選擇的內容為可供租賃的車型。故選C。
2.D。文中提到的數據70%為"每月汽車租出量",故A、B都不正確。"This figure shoots up ring holiday seasons …, with some recording 100 percent rental"判斷出D項陳述正確的,即"一些公司在節假日里能夠把汽車全部租出去。"
3.C。文章最後一段引用"汽車租賃中心市場經理"(Zhuang Yu)的話解釋了上海汽車租賃行車迅猛發展的原因根源於"the growing population of white-collar employees"。故選C。

例2:(2004年全國卷II)
Rome had the Forum. London has Speaker's Corner. Now always–on– the-go New Yorkers have Liz and Bill.

Liz and Bill, two college graates in their early 20s, have spent a whole year trying to have thousands of people talk to them in subway stations and on busy street corners. Just talk.

Using a 2-foot-tall sign that says,"Talk to Me."they attract conversatio- nalists, who one evening included a mental patient, and men in business suits.

They don't collect money. They don't push religion(宗教). So what's the point?

"To see what happens, said Liz."We simply enjoy life with open communication(交流)."
Shortly after the September 11,2001 attacks, they decided to walk from New York City to Washington, a 270-mile trip. They found they loved talking to people along the way and wanted to continue talking with strangers after their return.

"It started as a crazy idea,"Liz said."We were so curious about all the strangers walking by with their life stories. People will talk to us about anything: their jobs, their clothes, their childhood experiences, anything."

Denise wanted to talk about an exam she was about to take. She had stopped by for the second time in two days, to let the two listeners know how it went.

Marcia had lost her husband to a serious disease."That was very heavy on my mind,"Marcia said."To be able to talk about it to total strangers was very good,"she explained.

To celebrate a year of talking, the two held a get-together in a city park for all the people they had met over the past year. A few hundred people showed up, as well as some television cameramen and reporters.

They may plan more parties or try to attract more people to join their informal talks. Some publishers have expressed interest in a book, something they say they'll consider.
1. What did Liz and Bill start doing after September 2001?
A. Chatting with people. B. Setting up street signs
C. Telling stories to strangers D. Organizing a speaker's corner
2. What they have been doing can be described as .
A. pointless B. normal C. crazy D. successful
3. Why are Denise and Marcia mentioned in the text?
A. They knew Liz and Bill very well.
B. They happened to meet the writer of the text.
C. They organized the get-together in the city park.
D. They are examples of those who talked to Liz and Bill.
4. What will Liz and Bill do in the future?
A. Go in for publishing. B. Do more television programs.
C. Continue what they are doing. D. Spend more time reading books.
5. How do they like they idea of writing a book?
A. They have decided to wait a year or two
B. They will think about it carefully
C. They agreed immediately
D. They find it hard to do that
解析:
1.A。本篇講述了兩個大學畢業生與陌生人交談,傾聽人們向他們傾述的互惠的活動。文章從聯想開始,簡介Liz and Bill(這是兩個人的名字,又是交談與傾聽活動的名稱)做什麼,怎樣開始的,效果如何,未來打算等,其中等六段和第七段是插敘(從shortly after…到…experiences, anything.),講述的就是兩個年輕人怎樣開始這一活動的。故選A項;開始與人聊天。
2.D。Liz and Bill活動很成功。從倒數第二段可知:為慶祝該活動一周所舉辦的聚會,有許多人參加,記者和攝影師都來了,說明很成功。
3.D。Liz和Bill同許多人談生活,傾聽過許多人跟他們談心,Denise和Marcia是其中的兩人。提到他們來做例子。
4.C。最後一段的前一句說明他們還想吸引更多的人來加入這一活動,與他們聊天。故選C。
5.B。本題問Liz和Bill怎麼看待寫本書這回事,全篇最後一句可知,但本句結構較復雜。something是代詞,是a book的同位語,"they'll consider"是定語從句,"they say"起到插入語的作用。全句可譯為:有些出版商表達了給Liz和Bill 出本書的興趣,Liz和Bill說他們會考慮這件事。consider一詞可解釋為think about carefully,"something"指出書寫書。故選B。

例3:
My first reaction was annoyance. It was Friday afternoon, and I was within an hour of finishing my work for the week. As I was leaving, a nurse brought me one more patient message. The statement read: "Mrs.Jones called to say that she has had blurred vision(視覺模糊)ever since her medical test this morning."I smiled. Suddenly our tests were causing eye problems.

This week my patients had questioned everything. My patient with high blood pressure had stopped coming to her treatment on the advice of an Internet chat room. A woman who had a mental problem was substituting(用……代替)St . John's word for her medication. Now Mrs. Jones was imagining problems. I rolled my eyes.

My second reaction was worry. As I looked through her record, I tried to figure out why she would have blurred vision, but nothing in her record explained the new problem. She's probably just anxious, I thought. Still, she wouldn't have called if she had been all right. I picked up the phone.

What I next felt can only be described as delight. Before I made the call, the nurse ran in: Mrs. Jones called. Her vision is fine. Turns out she picked up the wrong glasses when she left the office. The X-raytechnician has been having the same problem. I let out a laugh. Mrs. Jones had been right. Her vision had been blurred. Now we know why.

Finally I felt shame. I came to realize what Mrs. Jones had taught me. I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. Instead, my medical training had clouded mine. Now I me for my help. They pay me to listen, diagnose(診斷),treat and talk. That suggests trust; I must remember that, and trust them too.

1.The writer smiled while reading the patient message because he knew .
A. Mrs. Jones would ask for more tests
B. the patient was being unreasonable
C. the nurse was joking with him
D. Mrs. Jones would call him
2. What had caused Mrs . Jones' eye problem?
A. Wrong glasses B. Medical checkup.
C. Her own imagination D. Chatting on the Internet
3.The underlined words"clouded her judgment"in the last paragraph probably mean .
A. made her less trustful toward the doctor
B. put her in control of her own feelings
C. made her less able to think clearly
D. put her in a dangerous situation
解析:
1.B。本篇講一個醫生要結束一周的工作時幾分鍾內的心理歷程。一周來,病人們不斷懷疑或不信任自己,其中一個病人Mrs.Jones也來電話說上午看完病後眼睛看不清東西,醫生先是煩躁,進而擔心焦慮是否真的有問題或病人只是在想像,再而是高興——Mrs.Jones只是戴錯了眼鏡,自己的診斷治療沒問題。最後是慚愧,病人還是信任自己的,自己也必須信任病人。文章第二段活用了許多過去完成時,說明這些事先發生,許多病人開始沒道理地懷疑自己,現在又輪到Mrs.Jones。所以醫生知道這位病人有些沒理性。
2.A。第四段的前幾句說明了Mrs.Jones視力正常,(下班)離開辦公室時拿錯了眼鏡。
3.C。畫線部分中cloud作動詞用,是用雲擋住的意思,整體畫線部分應是"影響了她的判斷力,使她不能正常思考",本題可用代入法解決。

例4:
It's not the flashiest car in the world. Not even close. But the 1971 Volkswagen named Helios can do something most cars can't : run on solar energy—energy from the sun's light and head!
Joshua Bechtold, 14,and the other students at the Riverside School in Lyndonville, Vermont, worked They named their car after Helios, the sun god in Greek mythology(神話)。
The 4-year-old Tour de Sol encourages the use of "green",or environmen- tally friendly, cars to help rece pollution and save enengy. It's not a race. Cars are judged on fuel efficiency(耗油量)rather than speed. In the week-long event, 44 cars took the 350-mile tour from Waterbury, Connecticut, to Lake George, New York. Of the 23 student cars, Helios was the only one built by middle school students.

A teacher drove Helios, but the children talked with people wherever they stopped along the road."That was my favorite part,"says Anna Browne,15."We explained how the car runs."

Due in part to old, inefficient batteries(電池),Helios finished fourth—out of four—in its kind, the sun-powered class."We were there for the fun of it,"Anna says,"We're proud of Helios,"says Ariel Gleicher, 14."It's a car that's good for the environment."

1. What is special about the car Helios in the text?
A. It was built by middle school students
B. It has an attractive design
C. It was made in 1971
D. It won the fourth prize
2. How many sun-powered cars took part in the race?
A. 1 B. 4 C. 23 D. 44
3. What would be the best title for the text?
A. The Making of Helios
B. 1999 American Tour de Sol
C. Sun-powered Gars on the Road
D. Use of Green Cars in Connecticut
4. The students felt proud of Helios because .
A. it could run as far as 350 miles
B. it was favored by many children
C. it had high-quality batteries
D. it was driven by clean energy
解析:
1.A。從第一段"run on solar energy"和第二段"Joshua Bechtold,14, and the other students…worked many months to get Helois ready."可知本車利用太陽能,並且由學生製做。
2.B。從最後一段"Helois finished fourth-out of four-in its kind, the sun-powered class"可知,四輛同類車參賽,Helois得第四名。
3.C。全文講述Helois這類太陽能車。本文不止講Helois的製作,排除A。本文講Helois參賽前後的事,不以賽事為主,排除B。環保汽車的使用不止在Connectinut, 排除D。
4.D。學生們對此車感到自豪是因為該車環保,而非車速或小孩子喜歡,且它的電池舊而效率低,排除其他各項。

例5:
The other day, my friend Jane was invited to a 40th birthday party. The time printed on the invitation was 7:30 pm. Jane went off with her husband, expecting a merry evening of wine, food, and song.

By 9:45,everybody was having great fun, but no food had appeared. Jane and David were restless. Other guests began whispering that they, too, were starving. But no one wanted to leave, just in case some food was about to appear. By 11:00, there was still no food, and everyone was completely off their heads. Jane and David left hungry and angry.

Their experience suggests that the words on the printed invitations need to be made clearer. Everyone reads and understands the invitations differently. Most of us would agree that 6:30—8:30pm means drinks only, go out to dinner afterwards; 8:00pm or 8:30pm means possible dinner, but 9:30pm and any time thereafter means no food, eat beforehand, roll up late.

But this is not always the case. If asked to a students' party at 6:30pm, it is normal for guests not to appear before midnight, if at all, and no one cares. Being the first to arrive—looking eager—is social death. When my mother asked to a party for 6:30, she likes to be there, if not on time, then no later than seven. My age group (late thirties)falls somewhere between the two, but because we still think we're young. We're probably closer to student-time than grown-up time.

The accepted custom at present is confusing(混亂的),sometimes annoying, and it often means you may go home hungry, but it does lend every part that precious element(成分)of surprise.
1. The underlined words"off their heads"probably mean .
A. tired B. crazy C. curious D. hopeless
2. Jane and David's story is used to show that .
A. party-goers usually get hungry at parties
B. party invitations can be confusing
C. people should ask for food at parties
D. birthday parties for middle-aged people are ll
3. For some young people, arriving on time for a students' party will probably be considered .
A. very difficult B. particularly thoughtful
C. friendly and polite D. socially unacceptable
4. According to the writer, people in their late thirties .
A. are likely to arrive late for a party
B. care little about the party time
C. haven't really grown up yet
D. like surprises at parties
5. What is the general idea of the text? .
A. It's safe to arrive late just when food is served
B. It's wise to eat something before going to a party
C. It's important to follow social rules of party-going
D. It's necessary to read invitations carefully
解析:
1.B。參加晚會的人沒吃晚飯,到晚11點,人們餓瘋了。
2.B。開頭的故事做為例子,說明邀請信函令人迷茫,人們無法把握該如何去做。
3.D。第四段前幾句說明,年輕的學生赴晚會遲到很正常。急切地第一個趕到的人太少見了。
4.A。第四段最後提及三十多歲的人參加晚會的時間接近學生的時間,故可能遲到。
5.C。全文可知,不同年齡段的人到達晚會的時間不同,對晚會時間理解不同,不遵從社會習慣,便會出現餓肚子等現象。所以,按社會習俗參加晚會極為重要。

例6:
Cannes will rock to the sound of a cancan dance this year when Moulin Rouge by the Australian director Baz Luhrmann opens the French film festival

(電影節)in May. The musical stars Nicole Kidman as a singer, and John Leguizamo as the artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautree. It will be competing for the palme d'Or, the festival's top prize. The festival runs to May 21.

The American actor Tommy Lee Jones, 54, has married his longtime girlfriend, Dawn Maria Laurel, 36, in a private wedding in San Antonio."It wasn't a big to-do,"said Fred Biery, a U.S. District Judge who performed the service. He refused to discuss things further."These are very private people,"he said.
Loretta Lynn is being treated for a very bad cold in Tennessee and will miss several appearances. The country singer, 65, was admitted to a hospital near her home in Hurricane Mills."She is in good condition, but the doctors are watching her closely,"a spokeswoman said.

The French-Algerian singer Enrico Macias was named a United Nations peace messenger. Enrico joins eight other people who act as goodwill envoys(使者)for the United Nations, among them are the writer Elie Wiesel and the basketball player Magie Johnson.
1. We can learn from the text that Henri de Toulouse-Lantree is .
A. a figure in a film B. a dancer in a show
C. a country singer D. a prize winner
2. We know from the text that .
A. Moulin Rouge won the top prize in a film festival
B. Loretta Lynn is under the doctor's care
C. eight people serve as the UN goodwill enjoys
D. Fred Biery was Tommy Lee Jones' assistant
3. This text most probably appears in .
A. a book on film stars B. a film review in a magazine
C. a newspaper D. a notice
解析:
1.A。第一段"…and John Leguizamo as the artist Hentti de You-louse- Lautree."可知,as前省略了will act, as前的人是一個演員,其後的人是電影中的角色。
2.B。第四段"She (Loretta Lynn)is in good condition, but the doctors are watching her closely"可知答案。Moulin Rough(一部影片)即將參加電影節,尚未獲獎,排除A。Enrico Macias同其他八人一道,共九人,排除C。Fred Biery是一個法官,故排除D。
3.C。全文四小段文章均是關於影視娛樂圈的事,應該是從報紙的休閑娛樂欄目中選取的文章。

來自www.jxue.com/mid

❺ 高考英語閱讀理解怎麼做

課堂要求:培養分析篇章結構的能力
信息的整體輸入是讓學生通過觀看課文錄像,整體感知閱讀材料,領略文章大意當然也不能忽略句子水平上的教學。語篇與句子之間存在著有機的聯系,語篇水平上的教學與句子水平的教學應該結合進行,這樣才能有利於閱讀能力的提高。
1.字面理解層(Literal comprehension Level):這一層是指讀者僅僅理解文章的字面意義,辨認和回想文章大意、細節、事件發生的順序、人物特徵和因果關系等。
2、推論理解層(inferential comprehension):這是讀者根據文章的結構,從字里行間推測詞義、文章大意、事件發生順序、細節和人物特徵的過程。
3、評論理解層(evaluative comprehension level):這是讀者憑借自己的閱讀經驗和語言能力、分析、評價文章的優劣的過程。如評估信息的確切性,事件發生的可能性以及證明事實的可信性等。
上述閱讀理解的三大層次有助於我們認識它們在閱讀過程中相互間的關系和作用。字面理解層主要依靠語法能力或語言能力完成;推論理解層主要依靠閱讀技巧和語言能力來完成;而評價理解層則是讀者與作者的觀點融合的過程。
掌握基本的英語詞彙和語法結構的語言知識和一定的語言文化背景知識 ,是培養和提高閱讀能力的前提.
解決途徑:閱讀各類英語讀物可以幫助擴大詞彙量加深對英語的認識、了解英語國家的文化
閱讀要求:閱讀不應以解題為目的,但讀者應該帶著問題去談;閱讀的過程中不要查閱詞典,遇到生詞時應該盡力推斷其含義,如果推斷不出,且詞生詞為不可不知的關鍵詞,則讀完文章後統一解決並背誦下來必要時還得復習同一詞在其它句、文中的用法,通過接近聯想,對比聯想語言點,成為知識鏈,進而形成知識的網路。運用關鍵詞對文學材料的主要內容和結構進行改寫或復述。學生可以以閱讀評價標准來衡量自己是否做到了這幾點:
When and where does the story take place?
Who are the people in the story?
What are the problems?
What does the main character want to do?
What happens?
How does it end?
應拿出難度適中的一些文章「精讀」,從詞句到段到整個語篇進行仔細推敲,在閱讀的基礎上擴大詞彙量。
利用課前5分鍾,堅持每天一篇閱讀訓練
多讀、多背、多用,注意分析積累,是提高英語閱讀能力的惟一途徑。
考試中的閱讀技巧
掌握每種類型題目解題的方法,理順思路,這樣才能有利於他們在訓練中及時反饋,提高解題的針對性,真正提高解題的能力。
學習和了解文章的結構
閱讀理解文章的體裁主要有三類:敘述文、說明文和議論文。下面我們結合2000年12月份的大學英語四級考試真題來具體說明如何利用文章的結構特點來達到閱讀的目的。
文章的寫作方式上來看,一般都以記敘文和說明文為主。記敘文可分為傳記類和故事類。
初級記敘類:通過時間線索與文中提及的事件連接起來
通過上述活動,既能幫助學生迅速抓住文章的主要內容,又有幫助他們記憶文章中的一些細節,還可以減輕他們復述課文的難度,而且還能學到傳紀類文章的寫作方法。
1、敘述文
敘述文一般以講述個人生活經歷為主,對於經歷的陳述通常由一定的時間概念貫穿其中,或順序或倒序。但是四級考試中一般不出現單純的敘述文,因為單純的敘述文比較簡單、易懂。所以四級考試中的敘述文大多是夾敘夾議的文章。這類文章的基本結構模式是:
1) 用一段概括性的話引入要敘述的經歷(話題)
2) 敘述先前的經歷(舉例1)及其感悟或發現
3) 敘述接下來的經歷(舉例2)及其感悟或發現
4) 做出總結或結論
只要理解了這類文章的結構特點解答問題就相當簡單,因為這類文章後的閱讀理解試題大多是和文章的內容先後順序一致的細節題。
說明文的一般結構模式和敘述文的結構模式有相通之處即:提出問題(或以一個事例引出問題)---- (專家)發現直接原因----- 分析深層原因-----得出結論或找到出路。
知道了類似的文章結構特點,就可以據此來進行考題預測。就能判斷出幾個問題中肯定有一個要問原因,還有可能要出現推斷題。
2.議論文
我們大家最容易辨認出來的議論文模式是主張---反主張模式。在這一模式中,作者首先提出一種普遍認可的觀點或某些人認可的主張或觀點,然後進行澄清,說明自己的主張或觀點,或者說提出反主張或真實情況。
議論文的這種結構特點決定了它的主要題型是作者觀點態度題,文章主旨題以及推理判斷題。只要發現了這種結構特點,解答問題的主要任務就變成了到段落內找答案, 基本上不存在任何困難。
通過研究以上的文章結構特點,我們不難發現,在四級考試閱讀理解中無論任何體裁的文章都遵循著這樣一個共同的模式:提出話題(觀點或事例)---- 用事例分析原因(或批駁觀點)------得出結論。 對文章結構特點的把握有助於讀者更加自覺地關注文章的開始和結尾,分清觀點和事例,從而在四級考試的閱讀理解中准確定位,快速答題。
3.細讀題目
細讀題目,審視它們針對什麼提出問題。文章較短,可以先讀文章,後看思考題。若文章較長,為了能迅速抓住要點,也可先瀏覽思考題,然後帶著問題去讀文章,這樣,對文章的印象更深,能加深理解要點.
4.確定中心思想
在確定文章的中心思想時,要求學生重視閱讀文章的首句和末句,但也有一些文章,中心思想常常貫穿在全文中,因此要求學生綜觀全文對段落的內容要融會貫通,對文章有個透徹的理解。
我們應當把標題默念一兩遍,想像文章的內容和走向,這樣有利於對文章的理解,提高做題的效率。
(1)找出主題句,了解英語段落的組成
說明文和議論文的段落一般都有主題句,而且大多位於每段的開頭(少數情況位於段落末尾或中間)
一個完整的段落總是表達一個中心內容或主題,其通常可以用一句話來概括,即主題句。在說明文或議論文中,段落通常有四部分組成:主題句,整個段落的核心;發展句,對中心意思作進一步說明或描述,是整個段落的主體;過渡句,起承上啟下的作用;結論句,對內容進行歸納,起強調主題作用。
抓住每句的關鍵詞,特別是謂語動詞,抓住了謂語動詞(包括其賓語和附屬成分),也就抓住了句子的脈絡,也就能迅速地理解整個句子;另外,要注意識別代詞,如it,this,they,those,one等,根據上下文判斷其指代內容;注意識別省略成分,明確省略內容;注意識別邏輯用語(如:at first,for example, then等),從而准確理解全文的篇章結構;注意識別語法過渡詞(如:already,ago,often等)、語氣轉折詞(如:but,while,yet等)及時態等把握文脈
6.正確對待生詞
閱讀文章時,理解詞義是基礎。遇到忘記或根本不認識的單詞或一時看不懂的語言點,不要馬上停下來,應先做個記號放置一邊,繼續讀下去,通過上下文或構詞法大膽猜測生詞的含義,通過分析語法結構推敲語句的語義,以加快閱讀速度,提高閱讀理解的能力。
1).根據語境,猜詞悟義
但如果課內課文同一個生詞在閱讀中多次出現,則可求助於字典。
猜詞悟義不僅應用於課外閱讀,而且可用於課文教學。讓學生先讀課文,再學生詞,有利於閱讀能力的培養。
2).根據構詞法
3).運用歸納法(敏特)
利用語境,分析句子結構的關系,結合常識來推測詞的意義,如同位語關系、反義關系、因果關系等,對文章句子理解的基礎上猜測詞義,加強閱讀理解的能力鞏固掌握所學語法知識。語法是語言的組織規律,是關於詞形變化和組詞成句的規則。熟練掌握和運用語法知識,如時態、語態、語氣,從句等
4).定義法
文中常用解釋性詞語引出生詞含義,如to be,to be called, to call, that is,mean,in other words 等。有時也以同位語,定語從句的形式出現,或用破折號、括弧來表示。
5).對比法。
在 but, however, yet, otherwise, though這些表示轉折意義的連詞出現的句子中,其前後的次有明顯的對比關系。根據已知的內容,通過這種對比關系,就很容易猜出生詞的意義了。
6).生活常識法
7).因果猜測法。
Because, since, as連接原因狀語從句,so, so…that, such…that連接結果狀語從句,通過前因後果的對比,依據已知部分,往往能猜出生詞的意義。
8).and, or等詞連接的兩個詞、片語或短語在句中是屬於同意范疇的,作用也相同,因此可以推出其中新單詞的意義。
9).例證法。
根據列舉的事例可以新單詞的意義。例如:I have a toothache. I need to go to the dentist.從toothache不難猜出dentist 為「牙科醫生」。
10).注意連詞
連詞是閱讀中必須注意的一個重要方面。首先,它反映了句與句各層次意思之間的邏輯關系,如時間、因果、條件、讓步等等。其次,它顯示了文章思路的發展和段落組織的不同方法。
11).標點符號(如破折號、冒號都表示解釋和說明)
12).利用同義詞、反義詞進行猜測:
一些常見的標志詞語有or, like , similarly等,例如:Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious.史密斯先生很健談,他的妻子也同樣好說。
很顯然,similarly是個語境線索,他暗示loquacious意為love to talk。而一些反義詞是揭示事物的不同點,形成鮮明的對比,以增強表達效果。常見的反義詞語境線索有:yet, but, unlike, however, although, while, not…but…,instead of…,on the other hand, on the contrary, by contrast, rather than等。
例如:a:Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.書面語言是穩定的,而口頭語言則經常變化。
b:If you agree, write「yes」,if you dissent, write 「no」,顯然前者表示肯定,後者表示否定;由此推知dissent 是 agree的反義詞,即「不贊成」。
13).聯繫上、下文,結合常識進行推斷.
掌握具體事實和重要細節,變章確定了要表達的中心思想後,還必須通過許多細節的信息來進一步解釋或表達主題,體現中心思想,掌握這些細節是歸納概括文章中心思想的基礎,對於理解全文的作用是不容忽視的,閱讀文章時,要求學生養成辯動和記憶具體事實、重要細節的習慣,這些具體事實、重要細節是主題句的擴展、補充說明或例證,是用來支持說明中心思想的重要觀點.
14)邏輯推理
邏輯推理是深層理解的主要方法。根據文章提供的信息和自己已有的知識,理解並歸納出作者的立場、觀點、感情和寫作目的。通過提高邏輯分析能力以及培養語篇宏觀語境的推斷能力和想像力,從而提高閱讀理解能力。邏輯推理,挖掘深層內涵利用平常積累的詞語的辨析和感情色彩
7.按意群閱讀
按意群閱讀是提高閱讀速度的關鍵。將文章劃分為多個意群,從語篇的整體著眼,提高學生對整篇文章的概括力。如名詞有復數形式,有所有格形式,動詞有現在分詞、過去時和過去分詞。形容詞有比較級和最高級形式。一些詞有其固定的用法,如介詞後面要跟名詞或代詞作賓語,冠詞後面是名詞,情態動詞後面接動詞原形,連詞前後詞性和句式要保持一致。掌握了這些特點,一方面鞏固了基礎知識,閱讀時就可以以句子為單位,分清意群之間的關系,達到整體理解整體閱讀,從而提高閱讀速度和准確率。
8.閱讀應避免的問題:a.慢讀b.指讀c.聲讀d心讀
克服心讀的有效方法就是有意識地控制閱讀時間,讓學生將閱讀速度加快到超過最快的講話速度,使學生沒有時間去念每個單詞的音。
f.回視
一要先做一些較為簡單的閱讀材料,使他們覺得難度適中,樹立讀懂的信心。二要使學生不斷地自我提醒,克服這一壞習慣。
g.心譯
認識到閱讀英語時用英語思維模式(英語→英語)理解所閱讀內容的重要性,並在平時閱讀中自覺去克服方可奏效。
h.過多地依賴工具書
克服這一習慣的方法是讓學生學會猜測,掌握猜詞的技巧,利用上下文意思、構詞法、同義、反義、定義、解釋等技巧得到詞的意思。
9.細讀文章
細讀文章,掌握具體事實和重要細節內容。特別注意文中的人名、年齡、時間、地點、日期、年代、數字等。出題人有時故意在不同人的不同事件上做文章,有時故意將時間地點顛倒,把數字搞混等。因此,要有意留心這些細節,可邊讀邊用鉛筆作些標記,要逐步養成辨認和記憶重要細節的閱讀習慣。
10.熱身活動
在考前的一周,對學生進行考前熱身活動,幫助他們培養耐力,克服焦慮情緒。

❻ 高考英語的閱讀題材一般傾向哪方面

多練習閱讀理解和完形題,少做單選題;
高考非常強調語篇意識,即使是單項選擇題,讀不懂題干也不可能作對題目。「得閱讀者得天下」一句話概括了高考英語取得高分的秘密。掌握英語高分的竅門在於閱讀與語意的理解。英語的本質是客觀、精確。英語和語文不同,非常講究邏輯思維,可以說是一門純「理科」式的語言學科。記住,學好並考好英語的前提是:客觀和精確。
平時多累積,多應用,少鑽研琢磨,避免鑽牛角尖。
平時在各種閱讀中,多多發掘好的句式、用法,摘抄下來。在寫作時,若能用上一兩個好的詞語、好句子,無疑會增色不少。
總而言之,構建知識網路,夯實基礎;熟悉各類題型,掌握技巧是高考必勝的法寶!

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