A. 英語語法中的虛擬語氣，教教我該怎麼掌握
一、虛擬語氣的使用范圍：
虛擬語氣用來表示說話人所說的話並不是事實，而是一種假設、願望、懷疑或推測。該語法主要用於if 條件狀語從句中，也可用於主語從句、表語從句和賓語從句等。
二、虛擬語氣的判斷：
1. if 條件狀語從句中虛擬語氣的判斷。if 條件狀語從句有真實條件句和非真實條件句。假設條件可以實現的句子為真實條件句，反之為非真實條件句，要用虛擬語氣。其形式分為以下三種：
(1) 與過去事實相反的假設。結構為：從句的謂語動詞用「had + 過去分詞」，主句用「should (would, could, might) + have + 過去分詞」。例如：
If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天沒有下大雨，我們就能玩網球了。
(2) 與現在事實相反的假設。結構為：從句的謂語動詞用過去式，系動詞用were，主句的謂語用「should (would, could, might) + 動詞原形」。例如：
If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你，我就娶她為妻。
(3) 與將來事實相反的假設。結構為：從句的謂語動詞用「should (were to) + 動詞原形」，主句用「should
(would, could, might) + 動詞原形」。 例如：
If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你錯過了這次機會，你會難過的。
2. 賓語從句中的虛擬語氣。
(1) wish後接賓語從句中的虛擬語氣：根據從句的意義來判斷。
A: 表示與現在和將來事實相反的願望，從句謂語動詞用過去時態。例如：
I wish they were not so late. 要是他們來得不是這么晚就好了。
B: 表示與過去事實相反的願望，從句謂語動詞用過去完成時態。例如：
I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。
(2) 表示「要求、建議、命令」等動詞後面的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣。用於此結構的動詞有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。從句的謂語動詞用「should + 動詞原形」，其中should 可以省去。例如：
I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我堅持讓他和我們一起去。
注意：當insist 表示「堅持認為」、suggest表示「表明，顯示」時，不用虛擬語氣。例如：
He insisted that she was honest. 他堅持認為她是誠實的。
3. 主語從句中的虛擬語氣。
(1) It be + 形容詞 + that... (should)...。用於該句型的形容詞有：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising等。例如：
It's natural that he should feel hurt. 他感到疼是很正常的。
(2) It be + 過去分詞 ＋ that... (should)...。用於該結構中的過去分詞是表示「建議、請求、命令」等詞的過去分詞。如： desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。例如：
It is desired that the building of the house be completed next month. 真希望這所房子在下個月前就能竣工。
(3) It is time (about time / high time) that... + (過去時或should + 動詞原形)...。例如：
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home. 我該回家了。
(4) 表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣。在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要具體內容解釋的名詞後要使用虛擬語氣，其謂語動詞為：should + 動詞原形，連接從句的that不能省略。例如：
My suggestion is that we should go there at once. 我的建議是我們應該馬上去那兒。
4． 省略形式。有時可以把含有助動詞、情態動詞、be或have的虛擬條件句中的連詞if 省去，而將had, should, were 等詞提到主語之前，即用倒裝結構。這時，如果出現not等否定詞時需放在主語後面。例如：
If she had been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. → Had she been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. 如果她早到五分鍾，她就會看見她的老朋友了。
B. 英語中虛擬語氣的用法
在表示假想的虛假的、與事實相反的或難以實現的情況時用虛擬語氣， 表示主觀願望或某種版強烈情感時，也用權虛擬語氣。即當一個人說話時欲強調其所說的話是基於自己的主觀想法，願望，假想，猜測，懷疑或建議，而不是根據客觀實際，就用虛擬語氣。主要是英語語法的一種表達，與真實語氣相對。
C. 英語中的 虛擬語氣怎麼用
如果你想表達一個虛擬的意思，即非真實的情況那麼就要用虛擬語氣了。現在的英語中專有三種表虛擬的：一種是屬BE型，即用動詞原形，二是WERE型，不管主語是什麼人稱，謂語動詞都是用were，還有一種就是混合情況了，比如說it's time that+clause等clause分句中的謂動就要用一般過去時了。像這種特殊的情況還很多，這就要靠自己的積累了。
D. 英語中的虛擬語氣
耐心地把這看完，你會對虛擬語氣有個透徹的了解。
第一部分：語氣的定義和種類
1 語氣(mood)
語氣是動詞的一種形式，表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態度。
2 語氣的種類
⑴、陳述語氣：表示動作或狀態是現實的、確定的或符合事實的，用於陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。如：
①There are two sides to every question.每個問題都有兩個方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙嗎？
③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老師啊！
⑵、祈使語氣：表示說話人對對方的請求或命令。如：
①Never be late again!再也不要遲到了。
②Don』t forget to turn off the light.別忘了關燈。
⑶、虛擬語氣：表示動作或狀態不是客觀存在的事實，而是說話人的主觀願望、假設或推測等。如：
①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一隻小鳥，我就能在空中飛行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通過考試。
③May you succeed!祝您成功！
虛擬語氣在語法里算得上是個難點。讓我們就從最簡單的開始吧。
第二部分：簡單句中的虛擬語氣
一、情態動詞的過去式用於現在時態時，表示說話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮貌、或委婉的語氣，常用於日常會話中。如：
⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?請你告訴我去郵局的路好嗎？
⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好別熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝願。
1、常用「may+動詞原形」表示祝願，但願，此時may須置於句首（多用於正式文體中）。
⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好運！
⑵、May you be happy!祝你快樂！
⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！
⑷、May you have a good time. 祝願你玩的痛快。
⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝願我們的友情天長地久。
⑹、May you be happy. (注意那個be ) 祝你幸福。
2、用動詞原形。例如：
(1).Long live the people! 人民萬歲！
(2).「God bless you,」said the priest.牧師說：「願上帝保佑你！」
(3).Have a good journey! 祝願你旅途愉快！
三、表示強烈願望。（該類型虛擬語氣謂語僅用動詞原形，第三人稱單數也不加「s」）
(1).God save me．
(2).Heaven help us．
四、表命令
1.命令虛擬語氣只能用在第二人稱(you)，而且通常省略主語(也就是you)。
2.句子尾通常加上感嘆號：！
3.虛擬語氣動詞用一般現在時態(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go
4.否定形式的命令語氣，可用助動詞do，加上not。
(1). Work !
(2). Work harder !
(3). Be more alert ! (虛擬語氣動詞Be)
(4). You go out !
(5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虛擬語氣)
(6). Don't be afraid. (口語中常用don't 代替do not)
五、在一些習慣表達中。如：
(1).You』d better set off now.你最好現在就出發。
(2).I』d rather not tell you the secret.我情願不告訴你這個秘密。
第三部分：名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣
第一節：賓語從句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虛擬語氣
一、在動詞wish後的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
在動詞wish後的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，常省去賓語從句的引導詞that。
一）、對現在情況的虛擬（與現在的事實相反）：
從句用過去式或過去進行式(時間上是同時的)。其句子結構為：賓語從句的謂語be和were(was)，實義動詞用過去式。例：
1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 動詞過去式knew)我希望知道這個答案。(事實上是不知道)
2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但願我的家鄉四季如春。(事實上不可能)
3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但願我是只小鳥。(事實上不可能)
4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,過去虛擬動詞were)(事實上並不在家)
5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,過去虛擬動詞understood)
現在他在中國，他希望能懂得中文。(事實上並不懂)
6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,過去虛擬動詞were)(事實上並不和我們在一起)
二）、對過去情況的虛擬（和過去的事實相反）：
用wish表示對過去事情的遺憾。其句子結構為：賓語從句的謂語用過去完成時，或would, could, might+現在完成時。例：
1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.
我後悔不該浪費這么多時間。(事實上已浪費了)
2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.
他真希望沒有失去機會。(其實已失去)
3. We wished he had spoken to us.
(wished，had + spoken)(事實上他並沒同我們講)
4. I wish you had called earlier.
(wish, had + called)(事實上已遲了)
5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.
(will wish,had + listened)(事實上並不如此)
例題分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept
動詞wish後面接從句，表達不可能實現或與事實相反的情況時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，即用過去式（表示現在發生的動作）或過去完成式（表示過去發生的動作）。本題後半句謂語動詞have用的是過去時had
to get up and come, 所以前面要用過去完成時表示過去發生的動作。所以, 選項A)could have slept是答案
三）、對將來情況的虛擬(表示將來的主觀願望)：
從句動詞"would/should/could/might + 動詞原形"(時間上較後)(請注意：主句和從句的主語不相同)。用wish表示對將來事情的願望。例：
1. I wish it would stop raining.(虛擬動詞would+動詞原形stop)
我希望雨能停止。(事實上雨還在下著呢)
2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)
我希望你安靜一些。(事實上那傢伙還在吵著呢)
3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)
你希望她第二天會到。(事實上她還沒到)
4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)
我希望她會改變主意。(呵呵，女孩子可沒那麼容易就改變主意喔)
5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)
(只是希望我們和他在一起，實際上還沒在一起)
四）、注意：
1.如果將wish改為過去式wished, 其後that 從句中的動詞形式不變。例如：
I wished I hadn't spent so much money.
我要是那時沒有花掉那麼多錢就好了。
2. 如果that 從句中用would , 一般表示對現狀不滿或希望未來有所改變或請求
I wish he would answer my letter.
I wish prices would come down.
I wish you would help me.
I wish you would stop asking silly questions.
二、在表示建議、命令、要求、忠告等動詞的後面的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
由於這些動詞本身隱含說話者的主觀意見，認為某事應該或不應該怎樣，這些詞語後面的「that」從句應用虛擬語氣，且均以「should+動詞原形」表示這種語氣，但事實上「should」常被省略，故此從句中謂語動詞用原形，常用的此類動詞有：
表示「要求」的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg
表示「提議、勸告、建議」的：move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote
表示「決定、命令」的：decide, order
表示「主張」的：maintain, urge
表示「同意、堅持」的：consent, insist
例如：
1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.
2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.
3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, 「The razor and water do the job. 」(當我建議他用刮鬍膏時，他說「剃刀和水就行了」。)
4.He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他費了幾天功夫尋找理論根據，直到我建議拆開看看它是如何轉動的。)
5.One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English
E. 英語虛擬語氣詳解
1、真實條件狀語從句與非真實條件狀語從句
------------------------------------------------------------------------ eg . If he doesn』t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快點，他將錯過巴士。( 真實條件狀語)（不是虛擬語氣） If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空閑的，他會要求我講故事。（真實條件狀語）（不是虛擬語氣） If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我馬上就會去。 （非真實條件狀語從句） If there were no air, people would die. 如果沒有空氣，人就會死亡。（非真實條件狀語從句）
2、用法及動詞形式
1、表示與現在事實相反的情況： if+主語+過去時+其他+主語+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例： 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我會帶把傘。（事實：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就會告訴你。（事實：不知道） 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果沒有水和空氣，地球上就不會有生物。(事實：地球上既有空氣也有水) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我帶錢了，我就會借給你些。（事實：沒帶錢） 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通過考試了。（事實：學習不用功） 2、表示與過去事實相反的情況 if+主語+had done +其他+主語+should/would/could/might+have done+其他 例： 1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒，我就會見到她。（事實：去晚了） 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。（事實：沒有聽我的話） 3、表示對將來情況的主觀推測 ①if+主語+did/should/were to do+sth.+主語+should/would/could/might+do+其他 ② if+主語+did/be(were)+sth.+主語 +should/would/could/might+do+其他 ③if+主語+should+do+sth.+主語 +should/would/could/might+do+其他 例： 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天來這兒的話，我就跟他談談。 （事實：來的可能性很小） 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我們就不能去滑冰了。（事實：不知能否下雪） 3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一來這兒的話，我就會告訴她這件事的始末。 在表示建議、命令、要求等含義的賓語從句，謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣，"should＋動詞原形"構成，should 可省略。 4、 有時，虛擬條件句中，結果主句和條件從句的謂語動作若不是同時發生時，虛擬語氣的形式應作相應的調整。 ①從句的動作與過去事實相反，而主句的動作與現在或現在正在發生的事實不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在學校學習刻苦的話，我現在也會成為一個工程師了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現在就不會來這里了。 ②從句的動作與現在事實相反，而主句的動作與過去事實不符。如： If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的話，我們會已經派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他認識她的話，他肯定會去問候她了。 ③從句的動作與過去發生的情況相反，而主句的動作與現在正在發生的情況相反。如： If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的話，莊家會長得更好。 If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的話，他現在已進了辦公室了。 5、 當虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should, had時，if可以省略，這時條件從句要用倒裝語序，即將were, should, had等詞置於句首，這種多用於書面語。如： Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答應去的話，我們就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在這兒的話，她會同意我們的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些電腦知識的話，我們會已經聘用他來這里工作了。 6、非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數情況下，條件會暗含在短語中，如without…., but for….等 But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的幫助，我們還會在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是沒有你的指導，我不會取得如此大的進步。 We didn』t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我們不知道他的電話號碼，否則我們就會給他打電話。 7、 有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。 ①省略從句 He would have finished it. 他本該完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你應該會通過這次考試了。 ②省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我現在在家裡該多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了該多好啊。、
編輯本段虛擬語氣（Subjective Mood)的其他用法
1、虛擬語氣用在wish 後的賓語從句
a、表示與現在事實相反的願望，謂語動詞用過去式 eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。(事實：我根本比不上你) b、表示與過去事實相反的願望，謂語動詞：had+done(動詞過去分詞） eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原來知道這件事的真相。（事實：原來不知道） c、表示將來難以實現的願望 謂語動詞：should/would + 動詞原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我還能有一次這樣的機會。（事實：很難再有這樣的機會了） (註：if only和as if/as though也有相同用法）
2、虛擬語氣用在目的狀語從句中
1.在for fear that, in case, lest引導的，若用虛擬語氣時，從句謂語為：should + 動詞原形。並且 should不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把門檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進入。 He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出發了以防遲到。 2、在so that, in order that所引導的目的狀語從句中，從句中的謂語為：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 動詞原形。 He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近說話的人以便能挺得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信讀得很仔細以便不漏掉一個單詞。
3、虛擬語氣的其他用法
1、一想要(desire)二寧願(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建議(advise. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中，無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態，從句的謂語動詞都用：「should + 動詞原形」或只用「動詞原形」。 如 He suggested that we (should) take the teacher』s advice He insisted that we (should) take the teacher』s advice He demand that we (should) take the teacher』s advice He ordered that we (should) take the teacher』s advice 註：insist如果翻譯成堅持某種動作才用虛擬語氣翻譯成堅持某種觀點就不用虛擬語氣。 如：He insist he is a student. 他堅持說他是個學生。 這個語句表示的是事實，因此在這個語句中不能使用虛擬語氣。 suggest意為「建議」才用虛擬語氣，意為「暗示」則不用虛擬語氣。 如： His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含著他很擔心。 這個句子本身是事實，因此它就沒有用到虛擬語氣。 ③表情緒.觀點的形容詞或名詞也要用虛擬語氣.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising. funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。 句型：It is.......that 結構後的主語從句，從句的謂語動詞都要用 should+原型 或只用動詞原型。 ④虛擬語氣在方式狀語從句的應用。詳網路之方式狀語從句詞條。 2、 在even if, even though 所引導的讓步狀語從句中，可用虛擬語氣，主句、從句的結構與if所引導的條件從句結構相同。如： Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他親自來也不知該怎麼辦。 Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使華佗在世也救不了他。 3、 在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引導的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結構為： ① may +動詞原形(指現在或將來)。如： We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管發生什麼事，我們都要按時完成。 We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 無論他在哪裡，我們都要找到他。 I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他來的多麼晚，我都會等他。 ② may +完成式(指過去) ，主句結構不限。如： You mustn』t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多麼大的進步，你也不能驕傲 We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯過什麼錯誤，我們必須尊敬他。 4、一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之後的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實不相符的一種願望，故使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為： 表示所發生的時間虛擬語氣結構 過去 had + 過去分詞； 現在 過去時(be 用were ) 將來 過去時(be 用were ) 如：I』d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。 I』d rather you were here now. 我倒想你現在在這兒。 We』d rather you went here tomorrow. 我們倒想你明天去那兒 5、虛擬語氣還可用在定語從句中，表示：「早該做某事了」時，定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結構為：It is (high / about) time that + 主語+ 動詞的過去式/ should + 動詞原形，即從句用虛擬過去式。 如It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我該去學校接我的女兒了。 It is high time you should go to work. 你早該上班了。 6、 簡單句中的虛擬語氣 （1） 說話時，為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌，言語常使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構形式常為：would / could / might / should + 原形動詞。如： Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把門關起來你介意嗎？ You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把這個教訓牢記於心。 I should agree with you. 我應該同意你的觀點。 （2） 表示「祝願」時，常用「may + 主語+ 動詞原形+ 其他」。如： May you have a good journey! 祝你一路順風。 May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永駐。 （3）表示強烈的「願望」、「祝願」時，常用動詞原形。如： Long live the Communist Party of China. 中國共產黨萬歲。 God bless us. 上帝保佑。 （4） 習慣表達中常用的虛擬語氣。 (1) 提出請求或邀請。如： Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上來跟我們聊天好嗎？ Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的單車嗎？ (2) 陳述自己的觀點或看法。如： I should glad to meet you. 見到你我會很高興。 I would try my best to help you. 我會盡力幫助你。 (3) 提出勸告或建議。如： You』d better ask your father first. 你最好先問一問你的父親。 You should make a full investigation of it first. 你應該先全面調查一番。 (4) 提出問題。如： Do you think he could get here on time? 你認為他能按時來嗎？ Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他會告訴我們真相嗎？ (5) 表示對過去情況的責備時，常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為：「情態動詞 + have + 過去分詞」。如： You should have got here earlier. 你應該早就到這里了。 You should have returned it to him. 你應該把他還給他了。引
F. 英語中虛擬語氣的詳解。。。 謝謝
虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀願望或假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類。
虛擬語氣常在表示條件和結果的狀語從句中。在表示與事實相反的虛擬語氣時動詞有三種時態：現在時，過去時，將來時，過去完成時，現在完成時。 在條件句中的應用：條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實條件句，一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設的或實際可能性不大的情況，故採用虛擬語氣。 虛擬語氣
在什麼情況下用虛擬語氣? 在表示虛假的、與事實相反的或難以實現的情況時用虛擬語氣，表示主觀願望或表示某種強烈情感時，也用虛擬語氣。即當一個人說話時欲強調其所說的話是基於自己的主觀想法，而不是根據客觀實際，就用虛擬語氣。
虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法
1、真實條件狀語從句與非真實條件狀語從句
------------------------------------------------------------------------ eg . If he doesn』t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快點，他將錯過巴士。( 真實條件狀語)（不是虛擬語氣） If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空閑的，他會要求我講故事。（真實條件狀語）（不是虛擬語氣） If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我馬上就會去。 （非真實條件狀語從句） If there were no air, people would die. 如果沒有空氣，人就會死亡。（非真實條件狀語從句）
2、用法及動詞形式
1、表示與現在事實相反的情況： if+主語+過去時+其他+主語+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例： 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我會帶把傘。（事實：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就會告訴你。（事實：不知道） 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果沒有水和空氣，地球上就不會有生物。(事實：地球上既有空氣也有水) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我帶錢了，我就會借給你些。（事實：沒帶錢） 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通過考試了。（事實：沒有努力 2、表示與過去事實相反的情況 if+主語+had done +其他+主語+should/would/could/might+have done+其他 例： 1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒，我就會見到她。（事實：去晚了） 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。（事實：沒有聽我的話） 3、表示對將來情況的主觀推測 ①if+主語+were to do+sth.+主語+should/would/could/might+do+其他 ② if+主語+did/be(were)+sth.+主語 +should/would/could/might+do+其他 ③if+主語+should+do+sth.+主語 +should/would/could/might+do+其他 例： 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天來這兒的話，我就跟他談談。 （事實：來的可能性很小） 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我們就不能去滑冰了。（事實：不知能否下雪） 3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一來這兒的話，我就會告訴她這件事的始末。 在表示建議、命令、要求等含義的賓語從句，謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣，"should＋動詞原形"構成，should 可省略。 4、 有時，虛擬條件句中，結果主句和條件從句的謂語動作若不是同時發生時，虛擬語氣的形式應作相應的調整。 ①從句的動作與過去事實相反，而主句的動作與現在或現在正在發生的事實不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在學校學習刻苦的話，我現在也會成為一個工程師了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現在就不會來這里了。 ②從句的動作與現在事實相反，而主句的動作與過去事實不符。如： If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的話，我們會已經派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他認識她的話，他肯定會去問候她了。 ③從句的動作與過去發生的情況相反，而主句的動作與現在正在發生的情況相反。如： If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的話，莊稼會長得更好。 If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他一直努力工作的話，他現在已進了辦公室了。 5、 當虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should, had時，if可以省略，這時條件從句要用倒裝語序，即將were, should, had等詞置於句首，這種多用於書面語。如： Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答應去的話，我們就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在這兒的話，她會同意我們的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些電腦知識的話，我們已經聘用他來這里工作了。 6、非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數情況下，條件會暗含在短語中，如without…., but for….等 But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的幫助，我們還會在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是沒有你的指導，我不會取得如此大的進步。 We didn』t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我們不知道他的電話號碼，否則我們就會給他打電話。 7、 有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。 ①省略從句 He would have finished it. 他本該完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你應該能通過這次考試了。 ②省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我現在在家裡該多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了該多好啊。、
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等等 ，詳見網路「虛擬語氣」
G. 虛擬語氣在考研英語閱讀理解中怎麼理解
虛擬語氣，是指在一些場合里，當說話者談到自己的願望時，主觀想像某些回事有可能發生時，或建答議、要求某些事發生時，而面對卻與實際情況相反的情況，就需要藉助於虛擬語氣來表達他的這些心態。
虛擬從句中最主要的一種就是非真實條件從句，它是用來描述說話人想像的、非真實的情景，這些情景通常是不可能發生的，與客觀實際相反的，或發生可能性極小，只表示說是說話人的一種主觀願望、假想和建議等等。
一是我們知道與現在事實相反，if從句的謂語形式用did or were, 主句的謂語形式為would(should, might, could)+do;
二是與過去事實相反，從句用had done or had been ,主句則為would(should, might, could)+have done/been;
三是與將來事實相反，從句用were to do/should do,主句則用would(should, might, could)+do。
這三種最基本的虛擬語氣，其if從句中謂語動詞表示的動作與主句謂語動詞表示的動作發生的時間是一致的，即同為現在、過去或將來。
可以做做何凱文的 考研英語絕對考場最後六套題
H. 高考英語虛擬語氣用法總結
一.概念: 動詞虛擬語氣表示說話人的願望, 假設, 猜測, 建議, 請求, 意圖, 設想等未能或不可能成為事實的情況, 或者在說話人看來實現可能性很小的情況, 而不表示客觀存在的現實
二.虛擬語氣的表現形式: 通過句中謂語動詞的特殊形式來表現. 這些特殊形式與謂語動詞的某些時態相同, 但它們只表示語氣, 而不表示時態, 但含有一定的時間概念
虛擬語氣的用法
一.虛擬語氣在簡單句中的用法: 謂語動詞用原形或may +動詞原形
1.表示祝願
a. Long live our country.
b. May you succeed.
c. May you be happy all your life.
2.表示命令
a. Everybody leave the room.
二.虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的用法: (使用虛擬語氣的含條件句的復合句稱為真實條件句)
1.表示與現在事實相反的情況時, if從句的謂語用動詞的過去式 (be動詞的過去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的謂語用should / would / could / might +動詞原形 (should多用於第一人稱, would多用於二三人稱, could / might可用於所有人稱)
a. If I had more time, I should study computer better.
b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.
c. If they didn』t take exercises every day, they wouldn』t be so healthy.
d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning.
e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.
2.表示與過去事實相反的情況時, if從句的謂語用had done形式, 主句的謂語用should / would / could / might + have done的形式
a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.
b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday』s exam.
c. If you had taken the teacher』s advice, you would not have failed in the exam.
3.表示與將來事實相反的情況時, if從句的謂語形式是: ①.完全動詞過去式 (be的過去式通常用were); ②.should +動詞原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③種情況都含有出乎意料之外之意; 主句的謂語的形式是: should / would / could / might +動詞原形
a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.
b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.
c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.
d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.
三.虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中用法的幾個變體:
1.條件從句省略if: 在書面語中, 如果條件從句中的謂語中有were, had, should等詞, 可將if省略, 而把were, had, should放在句首
a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early.
b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.
2.省略條件從句或主句, 省略部分的含義仍有所體現. 省略主句時, 表示己不能實現的願望
a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to).
b. I wouldn』t smoke (if I were you).
c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起該多好啊)
d. If you could have seen the wonderful film!
3.主從句時間不一致時, 主從句謂語動詞的形式取決於要表示的具體時間
a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day.
b. If she hadn』t trained so hard, she wouldn』t be able to run so fast.
4.假設的條件不以條件從句, 而以其他方式如介詞短語、從句等表達出來, 這種句子稱為含蓄條件句
a. What would you do with a million dollars?
b. Without music, the world would be a ll place.
c. We could have done better with more money.
d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.
四.虛擬語氣在as if / though從句中的用法:
1.表示與現在事實相反或對相在情況有所懷疑, as if / though從句謂語用過去式
a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.
b. She looked as if she were ill.
2.表示與過去事實相反的情況, as if / though從句謂語用過去完成式
a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.
五.虛擬語氣在含even if / though從句的復合句中的用法:
在此類復合句中, 若表示與事實相反, 可用虛擬語氣形式. 主從句的謂語動詞形式與非真實條件句相同
a. Even if I were rich, I would work.
六.虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法:
如果表示說話人的看法, 想法或意見, 在句型 It is / was + adj. + that從句中, 主語從句中可用虛擬語氣. 主語從句中謂語動詞用should do表示現在或將來情況, 用should have done表示過去情況
a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left.
b. It is important that you should take the doctor』s advice.
c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye.
七.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法:
1.在wish的賓語從句中, 通常表示不可能實現或沒有實現的願望, 常用虛擬語氣
①.wish的賓語從句用過去式, 表示現在或將來沒有實現或不可能實現的願望
a. I wish I knew the result of the match now.
b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.
c. I wish I could help you.
d. I wish I were young.
②.wish的賓語從句用過去完成式, 表示過去沒有實現或不可能實現的願望
a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night.
b. I wish you I had met him yesterday.
③.wish的賓語從句若用would, 則一般表示請求, 對現狀不滿或希望未來有所改變
a. I wish the prices would come down.
b. I wish you would help me.
c. I wish he would be more careful.
d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.
2.在動詞suggest (建議), advise (建議), demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (堅持)後的賓語從句中, 謂語動詞常用( should )+動詞原形的虛擬語氣形式
a. I suggested that we should go there at once.
b. I demand that he should answer me at once.
c. The doctor insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks.
d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.
與名詞suggestion建議 / advice 建議 / demand要求 / request要求 / order命令有關的從句(包括同位語從句和表語從句等)中的謂語也用 ( should ) +動詞原形
a. The black people made a strong demand that the government ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation.
b. Their demand is that the government should take steps to change the unfair situation.
c. I was Bill』s suggestion that everybody should have a map.
d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map.
八.虛擬語氣用在句型: It is time that(該做某事了)中: that從句中的謂語動詞用過去式
a. It is time we got up.
九.虛擬語氣用在if only引導的感嘆句中: 表示但願, 要是就好了, 其中謂語形式與wish的賓語從句相同
a. If only he didn』t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn』t drive so fast.)
b. If only he had taken the doctor』s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor』s advice.)
c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)
十.虛擬語氣用在would rather / prefer後的that從句中: 表示現在或將來情況謂語動詞用過去時形式, 表示過去情況動詞用過去完成時形式
a. I would rather he came next Saturday.
b. I would prefer you had seen the film yesterday.
c. I would rather that he painted the house blue
I. 英語里的虛擬語氣是怎樣的
指我們平常說的說話人說話的口氣。（在英語中，語氣除了指語調以外，最主要的是通過動詞發生變化而表示不同語氣）
英語中的語氣分為三類：
陳述語氣（用於陳述句、疑問句、感嘆句）
祈使語氣（用於祈使句）
虛擬語氣（用於條件狀語從句、賓語從句等）
二、虛擬語氣
1） 虛擬語氣概念
虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀願望或假想，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反。
2） 在條件句中的應用
條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實條件句，一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設的或實際可能性不大的情況，故採用虛擬語氣。
三、虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法
1、真實條件狀語從句與非真實條件狀語從句
eg If he doesn』t hurry up, he will miss the bus. ( 真實條件狀語)
If he was free, he would ask me to tell stories. （真實條件狀語）
If I were you, I would go at once. （非真實條件狀語從句）
If there was no air, people would die. （非真實條件狀語從句）
2、虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法及動詞形式
① 表示與現在事實相反的情況
（條件）從句謂語動詞形式
主句謂語動詞形式
謂語動詞用過去式
（be用were）
should/would/could/might+動詞原形
eg：If I were you, I』d take an umbrella.如果我是你，我會帶把傘。（事實：我不可能是你）
If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就會告訴你。（事實：不知道）
If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果沒有水和空氣，地球上就不會有生物。(事實：地球上既有空氣也有水)
If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我帶錢了，我就會借給你些。（事實：沒帶錢）
If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他在努力些，就能通過考試了。（事實：學習不用功）
②表示與過去事實相反的情況
從句謂語動詞形式
主句謂語動詞形式
Had+過去分詞
Should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞
eg If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒，我就會見到她。（事實：去晚了）
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。（事實：沒有聽我的話）
③表示對將來情況的主觀推測（可能相反或可能性很小）
從句
主語例句
If+主語+
① should+動詞② did
③were to do
(①通常與一個表示時間狀語連用)其 中were to do可能性最小，
should/would/could/might+動詞原形If it rained tomorrow our picnic
would be put off.
萬一那天下雨，我們的郊遊
就推遲。
eg: If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天來這兒的話，我就跟他談談。（事實：來的可能性很小）
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我們就不能去滑冰了。（事實：不知能否下雪）
If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一來這兒的話，我就會告訴她這件事得始末。
四、虛擬語氣的其他用法
①、虛擬語氣用在wish 後的賓語從句
a、表示與現在事實相反的願望，謂語動詞用過去式
eg: I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。(事實：我根本比不上你)
b、表示過去事實相反的願望，謂語動詞：had+v-ed
eg: I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原來知道這件事的真相。（事實：原來不知道）
c、表示將來難以實現的願望
謂語動詞：should/would + 動詞原形
eg: I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我還能有一次這樣的機會。（事實：很難再有這樣的機會了）
②虛擬語氣用在suggest(建議)、insist(堅持)、demand(要求)、order(命令)等動詞後的賓語從句中。
在這種用法中，無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態，從句的謂語動詞都用：「should + 動詞原形」或只用「動詞原形」。
如 He suggested that we (should) take the teacher』s advice
He insisted that we (should) take the teacher』s advice
He demand that we (should) take the teacher』s advice
He ordered that we (should) take the teacher』s advice