關於阿基米德的英語閱讀

❶ 用英語寫我對阿基米德的看法

Archimedes of Syracuse (Greek: Ἀρχιμήδης; c. 287 BC – c. 212 BC) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity. Among his advances in physics are the foundations of hydrostatics, statics and an explanation of the principle of the lever. He is credited with designing innovative machines, including siege engines and the screw pump that bears his name. Modern experiments have tested claims that Archimedes designed machines capable of lifting attacking ships out of the water and setting ships on fire using an array of mirrors.[1]

Archimedes is generally considered to be the greatest mathematician of antiquity and one of the greatest of all time.[2][3] He used the method of exhaustion to calculate the area under the arc of a parabola with the summation of an infinite series, and gave a remarkably accurate approximation of pi.[4] He also defined the spiral bearing his name, formulae for the volumes of surfaces of revolution and an ingenious system for expressing very large numbers.

Archimedes died ring the Siege of Syracuse when he was killed by a Roman soldier despite orders that he should not be harmed. Cicero describes visiting the tomb of Archimedes, which was surmounted by a sphere inscribed within a cylinder. Archimedes had proven that the sphere has two thirds of the volume and surface area of the cylinder (including the bases of the latter), and regarded this as the greatest of his mathematical achievements.

Unlike his inventions, the mathematical writings of Archimedes were little known in antiquity. Mathematicians from Alexandria read and quoted him, but the first comprehensive compilation was not made until c. 530 AD by Isidore of Miletus, while commentaries on the works of Archimedes written by Eutocius in the sixth century AD opened them to wider readership for the first time. The relatively few copies of Archimedes' written work that survived through the Middle Ages were an influential source of ideas for scientists ring the Renaissance,[5] while the discovery in 1906 of previously unknown works by Archimedes in the Archimedes Palimpsest has provided new insights into how he obtained mathematical results.[6]

❷ 用英語介紹阿基米德（最簡單的）

找到一個PDF文件，阿基米德發現密度的故事，就是國王讓他看皇冠是不是純金的那個故事。文章的用詞很簡單，設計也不錯，你要是要的話，可以用Q聯系我

❸ 阿基米德閱讀答案

句中的「堡壘」指解決科學上的難題、攻克科學上的難關. 「掛彩」在句中版指在探索科學奧秘、傳權播科學真理的過程中會遇到挫折、失敗,甚至會遭到傷害.比喻 只有勇往直前才能奪取勝利 2. 詩句原意差不多是這個意思：春天蠶就開始吐絲,直到它死了才會停；蠟燭直到完全變成了灰燼燭淚才會干.原本寓意是強烈的思念之情.本文是指為科學,為真理,不懼危險,不懼犧牲,堅韌不拔的奉獻精神

❹ 阿基米德 閱讀

LZ小學3年級？咋還問這種題

❺ 關於阿基米德

敘古拉國王艾希羅交給金匠一塊黃金，讓他做一頂王冠。王冠做成後，國王拿在手裡覺得有點輕。他懷疑金匠摻了假，可是金匠以腦袋擔保說沒有，並當面拿秤來稱，結果與原來的金塊一樣重。國王還是有些懷疑，可他又拿不出證據，於是把阿基米德叫來，要他來解決這個難題。
回家後，阿基米德閉門謝客，冥思苦想，但百思不得其解。
一天，他的夫人逼他洗澡。當他跳入池中時，水從池中溢了出來。阿基米德聽到那嘩嘩嘩的流水聲，靈感一下子冒了出來。他從池中跳出來，連衣服都沒穿，就沖到街上，高喊著："優勒加！優勒加！（意為發現了）"。夫人這回可真著急了，嘴裡嘟囔著"真瘋了，真瘋了"，便隨後追了出去。街上的人不知發生了什麼事，也都跟在後面追著看。
原來，阿基米德由澡盆溢水找到了解決王冠問題的辦法：相同質量的相同物質泡在水裡，溢出的水的體積應該相同。如果把王冠放到水了，溢出的水的體積應該與相同質量的金塊的體積相同，否則王冠里肯定摻有假。
阿基為德跑到王宮後立即找來一盆水，又找來同樣重量的一塊黃金，一塊白銀，分兩次泡進盆里，白銀溢出的水比黃金溢出的幾乎要多一倍，然後他又把王冠和金塊分別泡進水盆里，王冠溢出的水比金塊多，顯然王冠的質量不等於金塊的質量，王冠里肯定摻了假。在鐵的事實面前，金匠不得不低頭承認，王冠里確實摻了白銀。煩人的王冠之謎終於解開了。

❻ 阿基米德的簡介(英文加中文翻譯)

Archimedes is a great ancient Greek philosopher, encyclopedic scientist, mathematician, physicist, mechanist, founder of static mechanics and hydrostatics, and enjoys the reputation of "father of mechanics".

Archimedes, together with Gauss and Newton, are the three major mathematicians in the world.

阿基米德，偉大的古希臘哲學家、網路式科學家、數學家、物理學家、力學家，靜態力學和流體靜力學的奠基人，並且享有「力學之父」的美稱，阿基米德和高斯、牛頓並列為世界三大數學家。

(6)關於阿基米德的英語閱讀擴展閱讀

阿基米德確立了靜力學和流體靜力學的基本原理。給出許多求幾何圖形重心，包括由一拋物線和其網平行弦線所圍成圖形的重心的方法。阿基米德證明物體在液體中所受浮力等於它所排開液體的重量，這一結果後被稱為阿基米德原理。

他還給出正拋物旋轉體浮在液體中平衡穩定的判據。阿基米德發明的機械有引水用的水螺旋，能牽動滿載大船的杠桿滑輪機械，能說明日食，月食現象的地球-月球-太陽運行模型。

但他認為機械發明比純數學低級，因而沒寫這方面的著作。阿基米德還採用不斷分割法求橢球體、旋轉拋物體等的體積，這種方法已具有積分計算的雛形。

❼ 阿基米德英語介紹

In 287 BC, Archimedes was born in Syracuse in Sicily (now in Siracusa, Italy). He was born in the aristocracy, and Syracuse's Joseph Wang farmers have relatives, family is very rich. Archimedes's father is a mathematician and astronomer, knowledgeable, modest man. His 11-year-old, and with the relationship between the royal family, were sent to the ancient Greek city of Alexandria Cultural Center to learn.
Alexandria at the mouth of the Nile is at the time of the trade and cultural centers. There are magnificent museums, libraries, and a large pool of talent, the people of the world as "intellectual capital." Archimedes in the learning and living here for many years, talked to a lot of close contacts between scholars. During his study of mathematics, astronomy and mechanics have a strong interest. In his study of astronomy, invented by water-driven instrument of the planet and used it to simulate the sun, moon and planets of the solar eclipse and the operation and performance of the moon phenomenon. To address the Nile river water used for irrigation of the land problem, which invented the spiral-shaped cylinder pumping, later called "Archimedes spiral."
In 240 BC, Archimedes and Syria back to the Gulag, when the king He agricultural adviser to the king to help resolve the practice of proction, military technology and daily life in a variety of scientific and technical issues.
In 212 BC, the Roman army fell to Syracuse, is concentrating on the issue of the scientific study of Archimedes, unfortunately, was Rome's arrogant soldier killed, 75-year-old throughout the year. Archimedes's body was buried in Sicily, inscribed on the tombstone of a cylinder cut the ball inside the graphics to mark his outstanding contribution to the geometry.

Archimedes is the ancient Greek great mathematicians, Mechanics .Approximately 287 B.C. are born to Sicily narrates ancient pulls, 212B.C. died at with the place.

Archimedes long ago followed Euclid in then cultural center Alexanderthe student study, about his biography not detailed record, butactually widely spread about his many stories. He will haveestablished the law of lever, and called "for me a pivot, I will movethe Earth"; Had discovered hydrostatics basic principle - Archimedes'Principle, and uses for to distinguish the imperial crown the genuineand fake; Once had designed many wars machineries, resists enemy'sattack... ...

The posterity gives the very high appraisal to Archimedes, often himand Newton, Gauss and is called throughout history contributes thebiggest mathematician

公元前212年，阿基米德誕生於西西里島的敘拉古(今義大利錫拉庫薩)。他出生於貴族，與敘拉古的赫農王有親戚關系，家庭十分富有。阿基米德的父親是天文學家兼數學家，學識淵博，為人謙遜。他十一歲時，藉助與王室的關系，被送到古希臘文化中心亞歷山大里亞城去學習。
亞歷山大里亞位於尼羅河口，是當時文化貿易的中心之一。這里有雄偉的博物館、圖書館，而且人才薈萃，被世人譽為「智慧之都」。阿基米德在這里學習和生活了許多年，曾跟很多學者密切交往。他在學習期間對數學、力學和天文學有濃厚的興趣。在他學習天文學時，發明了用水利推動的星球儀，並用它模擬太陽、行星和月亮的運行及表演日食和月食現象。為解決用尼羅河水灌溉土地的難題，它發明了圓筒狀的螺旋揚水器，後人稱它為「阿基米德螺旋」。
公元前240年，阿基米德回敘古拉，當了赫農王的顧問，幫助國王解決生產實踐、軍事技術和日常生活中的各種科學技術問題。
公元前287年，古羅馬軍隊攻陷敘拉古，正在聚精會神研究科學問題的阿基米德，不幸被蠻橫的羅馬士兵殺死，終年七十五歲。阿基米德的遺體葬在西西里島，墓碑上刻著一個圓柱內切球的圖形，以紀念他在幾何學上的卓越貢獻。

❽ 阿基米德 閱讀 答案

相傳敘拉古赫農王讓工匠替他做了一頂純金的王冠。但是在做好後，國王疑心工匠做的金冠並非全金，但這頂金冠確與當初交給金匠的純金一樣重。工匠到底有沒有私吞黃金呢？既想檢驗真假，
阿基米德發現浮力又不能破壞王冠，這個問題不僅難倒了國王，也使諸大臣們面面相覷。經一大臣建議，國王請來阿基米德檢驗。最初，阿基米德也是冥思苦想而卻無計可施。一天，他在家洗澡，當他坐進澡盆里時，看到水往外溢，同時感到身體被輕輕托起。他突然悟到可以用測定固體在水中排水量的辦法，來確定金冠的比重。他興奮地跳出澡盆，連衣服都顧不得穿上就跑了出去，大聲喊著「尤里卡！尤里卡！」（Eureka，意思是「找到了」。Greek：ερηκα）
他經過了進一步的實驗以後，便來到了王宮，他把王冠和同等重量的純金放在盛滿水的兩個盆里，比較兩盆溢出來的水，發現放王冠的盆里溢出來的水比另一盆多。這就說明王冠的體積比相同重量的純金的體積大，密度不相同，所以證明了王冠里摻進了其他金屬。

❾ 阿基米德的小故事英文的加翻譯，急急急！！！

(287-212 B.C.).Archimedes of whole life diligence good learn, with concentration 1 dedicate a body at science, be loyal to a motherland and be subjected to respect of people with speak favorably.Archimedes once detection lever laws with is assign name to with his name of Archimedes' laws.Combine make use of these laws a design variety machine, behavior people, contribute efforts to the motherland.Concerning he usually of detailed circumstance, have already can't research.But concerning his invention creation with protect the story of motherland, spread up to now.

The establishment of lever laws

People since remote antiquity meeting usage lever, and know skillfully usage lever.At Egypt build pyramid of time, the slaves make use of lever to pry heavy piece of stone upwards. The shipbuilding worker use lever to on a ship install a mast.People use to draw water a boom to take water from the inside of the well, etc..But, why can the lever make this?Archimedes detection lever laws previous, is no one can explanation of.At that time, the philosopher have insist to say at the time of speaking of this problem, this BE"evil".Archimedes but deny is what"evil".He know, various phenomenon in the nature, total have nature of reason to explanation.The leverage also has its reason of the nature, his decision it explanation come out.Archimedes process again and again observation, experiment and calculation, finally establishment lever of balance laws.Be, "dint arm and dint(weight) become reverse ratio."In other words, be:The small weight is a big weight of how much cent it a heavy, long the dint arm should be short dint arm of how much times long.The establishment of Archimedes after the lever laws, predict to say, as long as can obtain appropriate lever length, any weight can raise with the pimping strength.It is said that that he once said so of the Hao speech strong language:

"Give me a fulcrum, I to raise the Earth for the ability!"

The Xu after pulling the king in thou hear say to Archimedes:"By dint of the Zeus(the Zeus be the king of many absolute being in Greece myth, supervisor's day, thunder, electricity and rain) take an oath, you say of the matter is really strange, Archimedes!"Archimedes to king explanation the characteristic of lever after, the king say:"Arrive where find a fulcrum, raise the Earth?"

"So of the fulcrum have no."The answer of Archimedes say.

"So call the person believe the divine power of mechanics impossible?" The king say.

"Not, not, you misunderstood, his majesty, I can give you enumerate don't of example."Archimedes say.

The king say:"You bragged too much!You and substitute my push similar and heavy thing, see the words that you speak how."The king is have the problem of a difficulty at that time, be him for Wang2 Zao4 in Egypt 1 very big of ship.The ship after build goodly mobilized Xu to pull the person of the whole city in thou, can not also push it to enter water.Archimedes say:"All right, I substitute you to push this ship."

Archimedes after leave the king make use of the son of lever and pulley reason, design, manufacturing a set of skillful of machine.After readying to everything all, Archimedes invite a king to watch argosy enter water.He hand over to the king a bitter end of heavy rope, let the king lightly pull once.Immediately, that argosy slowly move to move, successfully slippery descended Shui-li, king and big ministers to see so of miracle, good the elephant see play magic similar, astonishment not already!Hence, king letter Archimedes, and to whole country send out an announcement:"From now on and regardless Archimedes speak what, all want to believe him ……"

Measure the hard nut to crack of royal crown

In ordinary people's eyes, Archimedes be a "eccentric".The words which use historian Pu Lu tower gram in the Rome say:"His elephant is an inside the person of evil doctrine, for all of the body of meal and oneself nonchalance."Sometimes, the rice put to call him have a meal on the table, he good the elephant heard, still in the ash of the brazier painting his several sketch.His wife always watch him.Like he use the time that the oil wipe a body, then foolish sit useful oil to draw a case, but forget at the oneself body is make what matter of.His wife is more afraid to send him to arrive to take a shower in bathhouse, this joke is because of king of a new coronation but cause of.

King fore soon call a craftsman create a gold royal crown for him.The king gave craftsman he the gold of the amount for need.The handicraft of craftsman is very brilliant, make of royal crown choiceness interesting and novel, and weight heel at the beginning the gold give by king be similar and heavy.But, someone say toward the king:"Craftsman manufacturing royal crown, privately destroyed one part gold, same heavy silver Chan go in."King after listen to, also the doubt get up, seek Archimedes, his viewpoint measurement, Chan in the gold royal crown have no Chan silver, whether craftsman pocketted gold or not.This time, can Archimedes difficult live.He returned to a home bitterness to think a bitterness to think for a long time, also didn't figure out a way, everyday rice full, feel sleep not good, also don't take a shower, elephant write evil and similar.

One day, king parties person to urge him to make collective report into the temple.His wife see him too soiled, force him take a shower.He at the bathhouse take a shower of time, the brain inside still want to measure the hard nut to crack of royal crown.Suddenly, his attention arrive, be the his body sink in the bathtub of time, have a part water is from the bathtub side overflow.In the meantime, he feel to be deep more into water, his consider more light.Hence, he immediately jump a bathtub, forgot to wear clothes, run to in the street go of the crowd.Part run, part call:"I figured out to come, I figure out come, the way which solve royal crown find out!"

He enter after the imperial palace and say to the king:"Please allow me to do first an experiment, then can pair of result report give you."The approval of the king.Archimedes will with the royal crown similar and heavy gold, a cake of silver and royal crown, put one by one in water basin respectively, see water quantity that the gold bullion eject ratio silver piece the amount of water for eject be little, but the royal crown eject of water the quantity eject than the gold bullion of water quantity many.

Archimedes say to the king:"Royal crown Chan silver!"The king saw experiment and have no a lane understand, let Archimedes give explanation once.Archimedes say:"The wood of one kilogram with the iron of one kilogram comparison, the physical volume of wood be big.If put them into water respectively, the physical volume big wood eject of water quantity, eject than the physical volume small iron of water quantity many.I use this truth on the gold, silver and the royal crown.Because the density of gold be big, but the density of silver be small, so same heavy gold and silver, inevitable is the physical volume of silver big at the physical volume of gold.With same heavy gold bullion and silver piece put into water, so the gold bullion eject of water quantity ratio silver piece of the amount of water be little.The experiment that is just enunciation, the royal crown eject of water quantity ratio gold bullion many, elucidation royal crown of density ratio gold bullion of the density be small, this certificate the royal crown don't use pure gold manufacturing."Archimedes orderly relate and make king letter.Experiment result certificate, that craftsman pocketted gold.

Archimedes' this experiment is the embryo of "hydrostatics".But he don't stay around this up, continue the thorough research float the problem of body.Result detection natural science in of an importance principle-Archimedes' laws.Namely:Immerse object in a kind of liquid China Times, row open of liquid physical volume, equal an object a physical volume for dip into;The maintenance float the buoyancy of body, heel float a body row to open of the weight of the liquid equal.

A spectacular sight that is on the war history

213 B.C., the troops of Rome be lead by the Ma Er Kai road to pull a thou into the nation Xu of make Archimedes.At this time, year already 75-year-old Archimedes, also immediately spare no effort oneself of havings then can, help motherland, stroke enemy.

The Rome commander-in-chief Ma Er Kai road, continue to capture Xu to pull a thou of two city after, more extremely conceited arrogance.He think that as long as use prepare of five dayses time, can offend to sink the city that the national capital Xu pull a thou.But he exactly thoughted of, be because have an old man Archimedes of hair white of passion motherland, break his whole plan.

The be apart from now 2,190 year agos of fight, is be called by the historians:A spectacular sight that is on the war history!

The Ma Er Kai road lead tall ship, from aquatic take the offensive Xu to pull a thou.The soldier of one of his battleship material bow and arrow, sling and light Biao gun, pull Xu thou of the guarder rushed through city go to, then pass on the battleship of offend city machine, make the soldier blunt to pull into the Xu thou.But, Archimedes did full of preparation.When the enemy's fleet be close of time, Archimedes start those huge long ranges of his manufacturing to project machine.The long range project a machine ability pair of more than 200 kilograms of piece of stone, project more than 1,000 rices far.(equal to 18 centuries the artillery range of the big gun)These huge piece of stone, elephant hail ground the dozen is on the battleship, dozen the Ma Er Kai road fluster, the ship sink a soldier dead, one panic.The Ma Er Kai road have to in a great hurry withdraw the battleship for leave to walk.

The Ma Er Kai road again nighttime of decision take the offensive.He think Archimedes in nighttime see not far, etc. fleet arrive city bottom he those huge long ranges project machine to use not top.But, be the Ma Er Kai road take the offensive for nighttime of time, again poured big mildewed.The machine of the short artillery range of Archimedes started, these machines constantly threw a short Biao gun, piece of stone, make the another troops in Rome encounter heavy stroke, even the Ma Er Kai road also almost die.

The Ma Er Kai road is unwilling to give up to capture the scheme that the Xu pull a thou.He still keep pressing troops and forcing his engineers and continue to contest with Archimedes.The result is all bite on granite.Sometimes, Rome take to have blunt battleship of offend the city machine to go to Xu to pull thou of city bottom, defend city open a kind of the machine which hang "long mouth" to move, a cake of piece the rock drop down from the Qing in"long mouth", not but offend city machine dozen smash, and also hit one of battleships pulpy, make the soldier of Rome sink into place of doom.Sometimes return to let go of a kind of cleek from the city, this kind of cleek manipulate with the machine very vivid, the cleek ability hook the ship's bow of Rome naval vessel, then pull a naval vessel and make naval vessel to part turn over to pour, button up into Shui-li.

The Ma Er Kai road made to the utmost various take the offensive means, is all broken by Archimedes' invention.The Rome troops become timid as a mouse, on seeing stretch out a cordage from the over the wall, flee ignominiously to try very hard to escape, and yell:"Archimedes used a kind of machine again to teased us!"

The Ma Er Kai road end had no way, have to pull the city of the thou the Xu round and round to surround and wildly the diagram trap a town people dead.His this kind of way, make Archimedes also incapable is a dint.The Rome troops had been besieging for eight months, the end multiplied by Xu to pull the ancients to spend joyfully festival, but the Shu go in from a deserted city gate sneak attack at the opportunity for guard against and just pull Xu thou offend to sink.

When the Rome troops be blunt to go into the city of time, the Ma Er Kai road once issued order and don't kill this great of physicist.But that time, Archimedes just at his laboratory inside painting his sketch.After soldier is blunt to enter, the feet stepped a voice to trouble him.This kind of trouble, make him surprised to wake up and indignantly shout a way:"Feed!You broke my picture and hurry up to leave!"Result, his excited and bitter provocation soldier in the Rome, Archimedes then die in knife bottom.

Although great physicist Archimedes died in an accident, , he does to the mankind on science of contribute, can't estimate!
二千一百九十年前，在古希臘西西里島的敘拉古國，出現一位偉大的物理學家。他叫阿基米德（公元前287——212年）。阿基米德的一生勤奮好學，專心一志地獻身於科學，忠於祖國，受到人們的尊敬與贊揚。阿基米德曾發現杠桿定律和以他的名字命名的阿基米德定律。並利用這些定律設計了多種機械，為人民、為祖國服務。關於他生平的詳細情況，已無法考證。但關於他發明創造和保衛祖國的故事，卻流傳至今。

杠桿定律的確立

人們從遠古時代起就會使用杠桿，並且懂得巧妙地運用杠桿。在埃及造金字塔的時候，奴隸們就利用杠桿把沉重的石塊往上撬。 造船工人用杠桿在船上架設桅桿。人們用汲水吊桿從井裡取水，等等。但是，杠桿為什麼能做到這一點呢？在阿基米德發現杠桿定律之前，是沒有人能夠解釋的。當時，有的哲學家在談到這個問題的時候，一口咬定說，這是「魔性」。阿基米德卻不承認是什麼「魔性」。他懂得，自然界里的種種現象，總有自然的原因來解釋。杠桿作用也有它自然的原因，他決心把它解釋出來。阿基米德經過反復地觀察、實驗和計算，終於確立了杠桿的平衡定律。就是，「力臂和力（重量）成反比例。」換句話說，就是：小重量是大重量的多少分之一重，長力臂就應當是短力臂的多少倍長。阿基米德確立了杠桿定律後，就推斷說，只要能夠取得適當的杠桿長度，任何重量都可以用很小的力量舉起來。據說他曾經說過這樣的豪言壯語：

「給我一個支點、我就能舉起地球！」

敘拉古國王聽說後，對阿基米德說：「憑著宙斯（宙斯是希臘神話中的眾神之王，主管天、雷、電和雨）起誓，你說的事真是稀奇古怪，阿基米德！」阿基米德向國王解釋了杠桿的特性以後，國王說：「到哪裡去找一個支點，把地球舉起來呢？」

「這樣的支點是沒有的。」阿基米德回答說。

「那麼，要叫人相信力學的神力就不可能了？」 國王說。

「不，不，你誤會了，陛下，我能夠給你舉出別的例子。」阿基米德說。

國王說：「你太吹牛了！你且替我推動一樣重的東西，看你講的話怎樣。」當時國王正有一個困難的問題，就是他替埃及王造了一艘很大的船。船造好後，動員了敘拉古全城的人，也沒法把它推下水。阿基米德說：「好吧，我替你來推這一隻船吧。」

阿基米德離開國王後，就利用杠桿和滑輪的子理，設計、製造了一套巧妙的機械。把一切都准備好後，阿基米德請國王來觀看大船下水。他把一根粗繩的末端交給國王，讓國王輕輕拉一下。頓時，那艘大船慢慢移動起來，順利地滑下了水裡，國王和大臣們看到 這樣的奇跡，好象看耍魔術一樣，驚奇不已！於是，國王信服了阿基米德，並向全國發出布告：「從此以後，無論阿基米德講什麼，都要相信他……」

稱量皇冠的難題

在一般人看來，阿基米德是個「怪人」。用羅馬歷史學家普魯塔克的話說：「他象是一個中了邪術的人，對於飯食和自己的身體全不關心。」有時候，飯擺在桌子上叫他吃飯，他好象沒聽見，仍舊在火盆的灰里畫他的幾何圖形。他的妻子，要時時看守他。譬如他用油擦身的時候，便呆坐著用油在自己身上畫圖案，而忘記原來是作什麼事的了。他的妻子更怕送他到浴堂里去洗澡，這個笑話是因為國王的一個新冠冕而引起的。

國王在前不久，叫一個工匠替他打造一頂金皇冠。國王給了工匠他所需要的數量的黃金。工匠的手藝非常高明，製做的皇冠精巧別致，而且重量跟當初國王所給的黃金一樣重。可是，有人向國王報告說：「工匠製造皇冠時，私下吞沒了一部分黃金，把同樣重的銀子摻了進去。」國王聽後，也懷疑起來，就把阿基米德找來，要他想法測定，金皇冠里摻沒摻銀子，工匠是否私吞黃金了。這次，可把阿基米德難住了。他回到家裡苦思苦想了好久，也沒有想出辦法，每天飯吃不下，覺睡不好，也不洗澡，象著了魔一樣。

有一天，國王派人來催他進宮匯報。他妻子看他太臟了，就逼他去洗澡。他在澡堂洗澡的時候，腦子里還想著稱量皇冠的難題。突然，他注意到，當他的身體在浴盆里沉下去的時候，就有一部分水從浴盆邊溢出來。同時，他覺得入水愈深，則他的體量愈輕。於是，他立刻跳出浴盆，忘了穿衣服，就跑到人群的街上去了。一邊跑，一邊叫：「我想出來了，我想出來了，解決皇冠的辦法找到啦！」

他進皇宮後，對國王說：「請允許我先做一個實驗，才能把結果報告給你。」國王同意了。阿基米德將與皇冠一樣重的金子、一塊銀子和皇冠，分別一一放在水盆里，看金塊排出的水量比銀塊排出的水量少，而皇冠排出的水量比金塊排出的水量多。

阿基米德對國王說：「皇冠摻了銀子！」國王看了實驗，沒有弄明白，讓阿基米德給解釋一下。阿基米德說：「一公斤的木頭和一公斤的鐵比較，木頭的體積大。如果分別把它們放入水中，體積大的木頭排出的水量，比體積小的鐵排出的水量多。我把這個道理用在金子、銀子和皇冠上。因為金子的密度大，而銀子的密度小，因此同樣重的金子和銀子，必然是銀子的體積大於金子的體積。所 以同樣重的金塊和銀塊放入水中，那麼金塊排出的水量就比銀塊的水量少。剛才的實驗表明，皇冠排出的水量比金塊多，說明皇冠的密度比金塊的密度小，這就證明皇冠不是用純金製造的。」阿基米德有條理的講述，使國王信服了。實驗結果證明，那個工匠私吞了黃金。

阿基米德的這個實驗，就是「靜水力學」的胚胎。但他並不停留在這一點上，繼續深入研究浮體的問題。結果發現了自然科學中的一個重要原理——阿基米德定律。即：把物體浸在一種液體中時，所排開的液體體積，等於物體所浸入的體積；維持浮體的浮力， 跟浮體所排開的液體的重量相等。

戰爭史上的一個奇觀

公元前213年，羅馬的軍隊由瑪爾凱路率領進犯阿基米德的國家敘拉古。這時，年已七十五歲的阿基米德，也立刻竭盡自己的所有才能，幫助祖國，打擊敵人。

羅馬統帥瑪爾凱路，接連攻下敘拉古的兩座城後，更加狂妄自大。他認為，只要用五天的准備時間，就可以攻陷國都敘拉古城。但他恰恰沒有想到，就是因為有一位熱愛祖國的白發蒼蒼的老人阿基米德，就把他的一切計劃打破了。

這場距今二千一百九十年前的戰斗，被歷史學家們稱為：戰爭史上的一個奇觀！

瑪爾凱路率領著船隊，從水上進攻敘拉古。他的每隻戰艦上的士兵都裝備著弓箭、投石器和輕鏢槍，要把敘拉古的守衛者趕下城去，然後通過架在戰艦上的攻城機，讓士兵沖進敘拉古。可是，阿基米德做了充分的准備。當敵人的艦隊接近的時候，阿基米德就開動他製造的那些巨大的遠程投射機器。遠程投射機器能把二百多公斤的石塊，投射一千多米遠（相當於18世紀大炮的射程）。這些巨大的石塊，象冰雹似地打在戰艦上，打得瑪爾凱路手忙腳亂，船沉兵死，一片驚慌。瑪爾凱路只得急急忙忙把剩下的戰艦撤走。

瑪爾凱路又決定夜間進攻。他以為夜間阿基米德看不遠，等艦隊到了城下他那些巨大的遠程投射機器就用不上了。可是，當瑪爾凱路夜間進攻的時候，又倒了大霉。阿基米德短射程的機器開動了，這些機器不斷地投擲出短鏢槍、石塊，使羅馬軍隊又一次遭到沉重打擊，連瑪爾凱路也差一點喪命。

瑪爾凱路不甘心放棄佔領敘拉古的企圖。他還是催促軍隊和強迫他的工程師們，繼續同阿基米德較量。結果，都是徒勞。有時，羅馬把帶有攻城機的戰艦沖到敘拉古的城下，守城者就把一種掛著「長嘴」的機器開動起來，一塊塊石頭從「長嘴」里傾落下來，不 但把攻城機打得粉碎，而且也把戰艦砸個稀爛，使羅馬的士兵陷入絕境。有時，還從城上放下一種鐵鉤，這種鐵鉤用機器操縱著十分靈活，鐵鉤能鉤住羅馬兵船的船頭，然後把兵船拉起來，使兵船向一邊翻倒，扣進水裡。

瑪爾凱路使盡了各種進攻手段，都被阿基米德的發明打破了。羅馬軍隊變得膽小如鼠，一看見從牆頭上伸出條繩子，就抱頭鼠竄拚命逃跑，並叫喊著：「阿基米德又使出一種機器來作弄我們了！」

瑪爾凱路最後沒有辦法了，只得把敘拉古城團團圍住，妄圖把城裡的人困死。他的這種辦法，使得阿基米德也無能為力了。羅馬 軍隊一直圍困了八個月，最後乘敘拉古人歡度節日，而疏於防範的機會，從一個冷僻的城門偷襲進去，才把敘拉古攻陷。

當羅馬軍隊沖進城的時候，瑪爾凱路曾下令不要殺害這位偉大的物理學家。可是那時，阿基米德正在他的實驗室里畫他的圖形。士兵沖進後，腳踏聲驚擾了他。這種驚擾，使他驚醒過來，憤怒地喊道：「喂！你弄壞了我的圖畫，趕快跑開些！」結果，他的憤慨激怒了羅馬士兵，阿基米德便死於刀下。

偉大的物理學家阿基米德雖然遇難了，但是，他在科學上給人類做出的貢獻，是無法估量的！

❿ 英語朗讀短文阿基米德和金王冠

敘古拉國王艾希羅交給金匠一塊黃金，讓他做一頂王冠。王冠做成後，國王拿在手裡覺得有點輕。他懷疑金匠摻了假，可是金匠以腦袋擔保說沒有，並當面拿秤來稱，結果與原來的金塊一樣重。國王還是有些懷疑，可他又拿不出證據，於是把阿基米德叫來，要他來解決這個難題。

回家後，阿基米德閉門謝客，冥思苦想，但百思不得其解。

一天，他的夫人逼他洗澡。當他跳入池中時，水從池中溢了出來。阿基米德聽到那嘩嘩嘩的流水聲，靈感一下子冒了出來。他從池中跳出來，連衣服都沒穿，就沖到街上，高喊著："優勒加！優勒加！（意為發現了）"。夫人這回可真著急了，嘴裡嘟囔著"真瘋了，真瘋了"，便隨後追了出去。街上的人不知發生了什麼事，也都跟在後面追著看。

原來，阿基米德由澡盆溢水找到了解決王冠問題的辦法：相同質量的相同物質泡在水裡，溢出的水的體積應該相同。如果把王冠放到水了，溢出的水的體積應該與相同質量的金塊的體積相同，否則王冠里肯定摻有假。

阿基為德跑到王宮後立即找來一盆水，又找來同樣重量的一塊黃金，一塊白銀，分兩次泡進盆里，白銀溢出的水比黃金溢出的幾乎要多一倍，然後他又把王冠和金塊分別泡進水盆里，王冠溢出的水比金塊多，顯然王冠的質量不等於金塊的質量，王冠里肯定摻了假。在鐵的事實面前，金匠不得不低頭承認，王冠里確實摻了白銀。煩人的王冠之謎終於解開了。