A. 急求讀書改變人生的英文例子,就名人故事
1.馬克思
經常有針對性地閱讀。每逢書中他自認為重要和有參考價值的地方,版都加以摘要,並做筆權記。馬克思的一生雖然顛沛流離,經濟經常陷入困境,生活十分艱難。但他依然克服各種困難,堅持讀書和科研。
2.著名數學家華羅庚有一種奇特的讀書方法。他拿起一本書,不是從頭至尾一句一字地讀,而是先對著書名思考片刻,然後閉目靜思:設想這樣一個題目,如果要讓自己來寫應該怎樣寫……想完後再打開書,如果作者寫的和他的思路一樣,他就不再讀了。一本需要十天半月才能讀完的書,他一兩夜就讀完了
B. 高中英語閱讀表達典型例題(我要典型題附有答案的)
1. It is _______ outside. Let』s put on our raincoats and go out, Tom.
A. cold B. hot C. sunny D. rainy
【解析】此題易誤為A。因為這里有個put on短語,如果不注意raincoats這個詞那就很可能草率地選擇A。raincoats是「雨衣」的意思,而不是一般的衣服,那麼不是因為外面「冷」,而是因為「下雨」才穿「雨衣」。正確答案為D。
2. —_______ do you _______ about spring?
—The flowers and the green trees.
A. How, like B. How, think C. What, think D. What, like
【解析】此題陷阱選項為A或B或C。這是由於忽略語境造成的。由答語The flowers and the green trees. 可知,所問的是「你喜歡春天的什麼?」而不是「你覺得春天怎麼樣?」。正確答案為D。
3. —What』s your sister like?
—_______.
A. She is a worker B. She likes pears
C. She is very thin D. She is like her father
【解析】此題陷阱選項為B或D。有很多考生一看題干中的like一詞就會想當然地選擇B或D。其實,問句的意思是「你姐姐長得怎麼樣?」因此,正確答案為C。What』s … like? 這個句型常常用來詢問某人的長相或某事的情況(包括天氣情況)。
4. —It』s too hot. Would you mind _______ the door?
—_______. Please do it now.
A. to open, OK B. opening, Certainly not
C. opening, Of course D. to open, Good idea
【解析】此題陷阱選項為A。一方面是由於不了解mind的用法,另一方面的由於忽略造成的。mind後面接動詞時要用其ing形式。由答語中的Please do it now. 可知「不介意」。正確答案為B。
5. —If you have any trouble, be sure to call me.
—_______.
A. I am glad to hear that B. I will. thank you very much.
C. I have no trouble D. I will think it over
【解析】此題陷阱選項為A或D。由於受漢語思維的影響很容易選擇A或D。其實,問句意為「如果你有麻煩,一定要打電話給我」,這是一個表示請求的句子,對於別人的請求要麼拒絕要麼接受,而不能含糊其辭。正確答案為C。
典型形容詞和副詞考題分析
1. We should keep _______ in the reading-room.
A. quite B. quietly
C. quiet D.quickly
【解析】此題容易誤選A或B。選A是由於不細心,把quite當成是quiet,草率做題造成的;選B是由於把keep誤認為是一般的實義動詞,修飾實義動詞當然得用副詞。其實,這里的keep連系動詞,後面要接形容詞作表語。正確答案為C。
2. The light in the room wasn』t _______for me to read.
A. enough bright B. brightly enough
C. enough brightly D. bright enough
【解析】此題容易誤選A或B。選A的人是受的漢語思維的影響,enough bright翻譯過來正好是「足夠明亮」的意思,其實這並不符合英語的習慣,在英語中當enough修飾形容詞或副詞時一定要後置;選B的人沒有注意所缺的成分是表語,作表語時應該用形容詞而不用副詞。正確答案為D。
3. She is _______of the two.
A. the cleverest B. the cleverer
C. the clever D. cleverest
【解析】此題容易誤選A。這是由於思維定勢引起的。因為最高級的比較范圍往往用of短語引出,那麼一些考生一看到of一詞就毫不猶豫地選擇了A項。其實,由這里的two可知,兩者中的比較只能用比較級,而且指特定的兩者中「較……的那一個」時,比較級前往往要用定冠詞the。因此正確答案為B。
4. —How far is the factory from here?
—It』s about 4 kilometres _______.
A. far B. long
C. away D. near
【解析】此題容易誤選A。這是由於受到漢語思維的影響,因為譯成漢語正好是「大約4公里遠」。其實,問距離時可以用How far is …. ?,但是far不能與表示具體的距離連用,此時應該用away。因此,正確答案為C。
5. —Do you have enough men to carry these chairs?
—No. I think we need _______ men.
A. another B. other two
C. more two D. two more
【解析】此題容易誤選A或B或C。選A的同學是由於草率做題造成的,因為這里空格後面是個復數名詞,而不是單數可數名詞,因此不能選A。選B或C的同學是由於漢語思維的影響引起的,漢語中說「另外兩個」,但是英語中要說other two或two more,這與漢語的習慣不一樣。正確答案為D。
其實,another後面也可以接一些表示時間、距離、金錢、重量等的復數名詞。如:
If you give us another twenty minutes (= twenty more minutes), we will finish the work. 如果你再給我們二十分鍾,我們就可以完成這項工作。
6. He is taller than _______ girl in his class.
A. any B. other
C. any other D. another
【解析】此題容易誤選C。這是由於思維定勢引起的。平時大家都熟悉這樣的句子China is larger than any other country in Asia. Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. 於是than any other這個結構在同學們的頭腦中已經根根深蒂固了。其實,到底要不要other, 關鍵是看主語是否也在比較的范圍之內;如果在范圍之內,就必須用other, 以此來避免與自身進行比較;如果不在范圍之內,則不能用other, 因為沒有必要把自身排除。這里主語he不屬於girl in his class之列,不能用other, 因此正確為A。
7. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _______ voice.
A. the best B. a best
C. the better D. a better
【解析】此題容易誤選A。這是由於思維定勢引起的,許多同學認為最高級前加了定冠詞the肯定沒錯。其實,這是一個暗含比較級,它省略了一些我們很清楚的東西,句子的完整形式應為:I have never heard a better voice than her voice. 因此正確答案為D。
8. _______ fathers made them have piano lessons.
A. Peter and Ann』s B. Peter』s and Ann』s
C. Peter』s and Ann D. Peter and Ann
【解析】此題容易誤選A或C。錯誤的原因是由於受思維定勢的影響。平時考生們做多了「This is Lucy and Lily』s bedroom. 」這樣的題,那麼一看到這樣的題就想到只是在後面一個單詞後面用所有格。其實,到底用一個所有格,還是用兩個所有格,取決於它們所修飾的名詞:如果所修飾的名詞是單數可數名詞,就只在後面一個名詞後面用所有格;如果所修飾的名詞是復數可數名詞,就兩個名詞都用所有格。正確答案為B。
9. There are a lot _______ people today than yesterday.
A. of B. / C. most D. more
【解析】此題容易誤選A。有不少考生因受「 a lot of +名詞」這一思維定勢的影響,一看到a lot,就選擇了A。其實,該句中的a lot是用來修飾形容詞的比較級more的,than引導的是比較狀語從句。正確答案為D。
3. 「Excuse me, are you _______? 」
「No, we are _______. 」
A. American, Englishman B. American, Germans
C. American, Germen D. Englishman, Americans
【解析】先從詞性來看,American 和 German 既可以用作名詞也可以用作形容詞,用作名詞時,其復數形式分別為Americans 和 Germans;選項中的Englishman只能用作名詞,其復數形式是Englishmen。
先看第一空:如果單從Excuse me, are you _______?來看,要是填Englishman,就應該在其前加不定冠詞,即說成Excuse me, are you an Englishman? 但是,根據答語中的 we are…可知,問句中的you 其實是指「你」,而是指「你們」,所以如果用Englishman,就應換成 Englishmen 才對。由此可排除選項D。
再看第二空:由於German的復數是Germans,不是Germen,由此可確定C錯誤;再根據we are…可知,其後若用名詞Englishman,必須要用復數Englishmen,而不能是單數,所以排除A。
所以此題答數為B
10. A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _______ second.
A. / B. the C. a D. an
【解析】此題容易誤選B。這是由於思維定勢引起的,很多同學認為這里的second是序數詞,前面應該用定冠詞the修飾。其實,second是「秒」的意思。正確答案為C。
11. _______ India and China are of _______ same continent.
A. /; the B. The ; the C. /; / D. /; a
【解析】此題容易誤選D。這是由於受漢語思維的影響造成的,因為譯成漢語時這句話的意思是「印度和中國在同一個大洲」,漢語里說「同一個」,在英語中要說「the same」,這就是此題的陷阱所在。正確答案為A
12—You』re very ______, aren』t you? —Yes. Our team has won the game.
A. happy B. worried C. sad D. afraid
解答此題時你若只看問句,填任何一個答案都是正確的,當看到答句中的has won the match才知道只有答案A正確。
13—Your spoken English is much better! —______.
A. Oh, no B. You』re right C. thank you D. Not at all
當被別人稱贊時,謙虛的中國人常說「不,哪裡哪裡」或「不,還差得遠咧」等等,若按這種思維,很容易錯選答案A或D;而西方人卻是向對方表示感謝,所以答案是C。
14I hear someone _______at the door. Please go and see who _______ is.
A. knock, he B. knocking, he C. knock, it D. knocking, it
【解析】此題容易誤選A或B。這是由於漢語思維的影響引起的。大家都知道hear sb. do sth. 意為「聽見某人做某事」,hear sb. doing sth. 意為「聽見某人正在做某事」,這樣一來很多人就會選擇A或B,因為後面「去看看他是誰」從漢語的角度來看是沒有錯的。其實,在英語中常常用it來指代身份(姓名、職業等)不詳的人。有人敲門時我們常常用英語問「Who is it?」正確答案為D。
15. Lucy and I are classmates. We _______ in Class One.
A. all are B. are all C. both are D. are both
【解析】此題容易誤選A或C。這里受到漢語思維的影響引起的,譯成漢語正好是「我們都在一班」。表示兩者都要用both,both一般放在be動詞、情態動詞或助動詞之後,行為動詞之前。正確答案為D。
16. There is _______ egg at home. Will you please get _______ for me, please?
A. no, some B. not, some C. not any, any D. not an, any
【解析】此題容易誤選C或D。這是由於死記語法條文引起的。因為大家都知道some一般用於肯定句中,而any一般用於疑問句或否定句中,這樣一來A和B首先就給排除了。其實,在表示請求或建議的疑問句,如Would you like…? / What would you like…? / Could you/ I …? / What about…? / How about…? / Would/ will you please…?等等疑問句中習慣上要用some而不用any。又因為no可以直接修飾名詞,而not必須加上a/an或any之後才可以接名詞。因此正確答案為A。
17. —A latest English newspaper, please!
—Only one left. Would you like to have _______, sir?
A. one B. this C. that D. it
【解析】此題容易誤選A。這是由於忽略語境和思維定勢造成的。這里是在詢問是否有報紙賣,很多同學認為這里最後一句話的意思是「先生,你是否想要一份」。其實,由上文中的Only one left. 可知,只剩下一份報紙了,這暗示了購買者別無選擇,只能買「它」了。正確答案為D。
18. —Don』t make any noise in the living room! My baby is sleeping.
—_______.
A. Sorry, I won』t B. It doesn』t matter
C. Excuse me, I』m wrong D. Certainly, I won』t
【解析】此題容易誤選 C 或 D。一方面可能由於不知道 Excuse me. 與 Sorry. 的區別,而誤選為C;另一方面可能由於不理解這一語境而誤選為D。這里聽話者是做錯了事情,做錯的事情首先應該說 Sorry 表示歉意,然後現表示不會再那樣做了。正確答案為A。
19. —I haven』t seen Jack for three days, is he ill?
—_______. His mother told me that he was in hospital.
A. I am afraid so B. I hope not
C. I don』t expect D. I am afraid not
【解析】此題容易誤選B或D。一般來說我們不希望別人生病,如果不注意語境的話,就很可能誤選為B或D。由下文His mother told me that he was in hospital. 可知Jack可能生病了。I am afraid so. 意為「恐怕是這樣的」,常用來表示一種不太肯定的語氣。正確答案為A
20. —Excuse me. May I use your computer?
—_______. It』s broken.
A. Sure B. Yes, here you are
C. With pleasure D. I』m afraid not
【解析】此題易犯草率答題的錯誤而誤選A或B。對於別人的請求大多數要用肯定回答,如果沒有下文的It』s broken. 選擇A或B那肯定是正確的。由下文的It』s broken. 可知,這里應該拒絕對方的請求,故正確答案為D。這里I』m afraid not. 意為「恐怕不行」。
21. —Can I get you something to drink, Mr Smith?
—_______. I am thirsty.
A. Here you are B. No, thank you
C. You』re welcome D. Yes, please
【解析】此題容易誤選B。因為當對方問自己是否需要某物時可以說Yes, please. 表示接受,也可以說No, thank you. 表示拒絕。如果不注意看下文的I』m thirsty. 就很可能誤選為B。正確答案為D。
22. —Your sweater is very beautiful, Joan!
—_______.
A. thank you all the same B. Not at all
C. Just so-so D. thank you
【解析】此題容易誤選B或C。在漢語中受到別人的表揚或贊美時往往感到不好意思,要謙虛一番,受漢語思維的影響就很容易選擇B或C。在英語中受到表揚或贊美時往往要欣然接受,向對方表示謝意。如果草率做題此題也很可能會誤選為A。正確答案為D。
23. —What do you do? —_______.
A. I am thirteen B. I work hard
C. I』m fine D. I』m a student
【解析】此題容易誤選B。What do you do? 所問的不是經常「做什麼」,而是在詢問對方的「職業」,它相當於What』s your job? 因此正確答案為D。
注意:以下句型的意思:What is he? (用來詢問職業)他是干什麼的?What does he do? (= What』s his job? ) (用來詢問職業) What is he like? (用來詢問長相或人品) 他長得怎麼樣?/他是怎樣一個人? How is he? (用來詢問身體狀況)他身體怎麼樣?How old is he? (用來詢問年齡) 他多大了?
24. —Andy isn』t going out this evening, is she?
—_______. She has to stay at home to look after her sick mother.
A. Yes, she is B. No, she isn』t
C. Yes, she isn』t D. No, she is
【解析】此題容易誤選C。答語應譯作「是,她不出去」才對,因此受到漢語思維的影響此題就很可能選C,但是這不符合英語的習慣。其實,否定的疑問句回答與肯定的疑問句的回答方式是一樣的,答案肯定的就用「Yes, + 肯定的省略句」;答案是否定的就用「No, +否定的省略句」。只不過否定疑問句的答語中Yes要譯作「不」,No要譯作「是的」,這一點與漢語有點錯位。例如:你是一名學生,假如有人這樣問你:Are you a student? / Aren』t you a student? / You are a student, aren』t you? / You aren』t a student, are you? 那麼你的回答都應該是「Yes, I am.」。只不過應注意在回答第2和第4個問句時Yes要譯作「不」。
25. —Hello. May I speak to Mr. Wang?
—Who』s calling, please.
—_______.
A. I』m Mr. Wang B. Mr. Wang is here
C. This is Mr. Wang speaking D. Mr. Wang is calling
【解析】此題容易誤選A或B或D。這是受的漢語思維的影響,因為漢語中在電話時常常說「我是某人」時,但是英語中不說「I am… / … is here. 」而習慣上說「This is … (speaking). / Speaking. 」正確答案為C。
26. —I fell and hurt my leg just not.
—_______.
A. Be careful B. It doesn』t matter
C. I』m sorry to hear that D. Nothing serious
【解析】此題容易誤選A或B或D。這里也很容易受到漢語思維的影響,因為平時對方告訴我們說他或她摔倒了,我們總會對他或她進行安慰說一些「小心點」,「沒關系」等等之類的話。而在英語中聽到對方訴說一些不幸的事情時往往要說「I』m sorry to hear that. / Bad luck!」之類的話表示同情或安慰,這一點與漢語的習慣不一樣。正確答案為C。
27. —_______.
—thank you very much. I will.
A. Congratulations! B. Best wishes to you
C. Please say hello to your family. D. What a good wish to your family!
【解析】此題容易誤選A或B。因為A和B兩項都可以用thank you very much. 來回答,如果不注意後面的I will. ,那麼選擇A或B的可能性是非常大的。正確答案為C。Please say hello to your family. 意為「請代我向你的家人問好」。
28 Is there ______ food in the fridge?I』m hungry.
A. some B. any C. something D. anything
本題是考查不定代詞的用法,從題幹上可知C、D不作定語,應考慮A、B兩個選項,這時就需要領會附加成分I』m hungry. 的含義,它的意思是「我餓了。」,言下之意希望冰箱里有食物,即希望肯定回答,故選A。
29 ______ have you been to Xi』an?
—Twice. (from www.zkenglish.com)
A. How soon B. How m any times
C. How often D. How long
本題主要是對疑問詞的考查,由於A用於將來時態,D用於表段時間,本題只有在B、C中選擇了。有的同學一見Twice就會選C,本題的關鍵也確實在Twice這個附加成分上,仔細分析Twice,它表示「兩次」,並不是多久兩次,故選B。
30 There are a lot ____ people today than yesterday.
A. of B. most C. / D. more
有的同學一看此題,就會認為選A,因為是固定搭配a lot of。如果我們仔細分析一下題干可知,此句有一連詞than引導的比較狀語從句,這是個比較結構,排除A、C項,B是最高級應排除,故答案理所當然應選D。本題的考查點應是副詞a lot修飾比較級m ore,意為「多得多」。
31 Shanghai is larger than ____ city in New Zealand.
A. any other B. other C. all other D. any
此題是考查比較級句型,很多考生就容易誤選A,因為「比較級+than any other +名詞」這一比較模式在學生的思維中已成定式,印象很深。可是紐西蘭這個國家與上海所在國家(中國)不是同一地理范圍,上海不是與本國的城市相比,而是與它國的城市相比,不必排除「自身」這個比較對象。不必加other一詞。故本題選D。
32 —Would you like some more fish?
—______, I』m full.
A. Yes, please B. No, thanks
C. No, I won』t have it D. Yes, I won』t to
本題考查英語的口語表達習慣,在西方國家,想接受或拒絕對方盛情時用「Yes,please.」或「No,thanks.」,由題意應選B。而很多學生受母語「我想要」或「不想」的影響,易誤選C。
33 —You are a beautiful girl. —_____.
A. No,I am not beautiful B. thank you
C. Not at all D. I』m not so beautiful as you.
本題應選B。根據英美人士的習慣,當別人誇獎或贊美你時,你不應過分謙虛,而應該表示感謝以示禮貌和自信(盡管明知自己在此方面不行),千萬別受母語影響,說一些自謙的話而選A或C。
34I will ring you up when I ____ Wuhan tomorrow.
A. will reach B. reached C. reaches D. reach
本題考查的是動詞時態,有些同學一見從句後有tom orrow,就選A,實際上在我們學習語法知識時有這樣一條「如果主句是一般將來時態、情態動詞加動詞原形、祈使句時,由if引導的條件狀語從句和when,until,be-fore,after,as soon as引導的時間狀語從句用一般現在時代替一般將來時」。所以本題應選D。
35 He told m e that the sun ____ in the east.
A. rose B. had risen C. rises D. have risen
本題是考查動詞的時態,有些同學認為當主句是過去式時,賓語從句應是與過去有關的各種時態,很容易選B。如果我們仔細分析一下that引導的賓語從句,就可知「太陽從東方升起」應是一種自然現象。我們都知道表述客觀真理、自然現象和客觀規律時,不受其他條件影響一律用一般現在時,故本題應選C。
36 The People』s Republic of China was founded.
A. on October 1, 1949 B. 1949, on October 1
C. in October 1, 1949 D. 1949, in October 1
(2) Which is ____, the moon or the earth?
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
顯而易見,題1涉及歷史知識「中華人民共和國建立於1949年10月1日」,根據這一歷史知識應選A。題2涉及的是天文知識「地球與月亮哪個大」,兩者相比用比較級,故本題選B。
37. 熟記語法知識,注意習慣用法
近年來,有的中考題淡化了語法知識考查,但記牢最基本的語法知識仍有利於我們理解題意和答題。
The farm ers are all busy ____ apples.
A. pick B. to pick C. picking D. to picking
根據語法知識,be busy的習慣用法是be busy後接動詞-ing形式。故本題應選C。像這樣的固定用法還有enjoy doing sth, keep(sb /sth )doing sth, finish doing sth, can』t help doing sth, feel like doing sth, m ind doing sth, prerfer doing sth to doing sth 等等。
C. 如何閱讀英文案例
如何閱讀英文案例
第一部分
案例通常由下列幾個部分組成。
一、 案例名稱(Case Name);例如,Marbury v.
Madison(馬伯里訴麥迪遜),v. is short for versus, 是「訴」的意思。
二、 判決法院(Court
rendering the opinion);例如:New Jersey Supreme Court(新澤西最高法院)。
三、
卷宗號;案號(Citation);例如,93 N. J324, 461 A.2d
138(1983),這說明該案出自《新澤西匯編》第93卷,第324頁,以及《大西洋匯編》第二輯第138頁,該案判決於1983年。此處,A是Atlantic
Reporter的縮寫。像這種指明兩個或兩個以上出處的卷宗號叫做:「平行卷宗號」,其英語表達為「parallel citation」,意思是「An
additional reference to a case that has been reported in ore than one
reporter.」廣義上卷宗號包括上述:一、案例名稱;二、判決法院。
四、 主審法官姓名(Justice wrote the opinion)
五、 判決書(Opinion: stating the issue raised, describing the parties and facts,
discussing the relevant law, and rendering
judgment.)判決書是整個案例的主體部分,其中包括法律爭議(Issue)、雙方當事人情況、事實經過、判決採用的相關法律以及判決結果。
判決書的閱讀過程之中,要注意以下幾點:1、主審法官的意見用現在時態;前審法院的意見用過去時態。2、主審法官的意見是法院意見。3、除法院意見外還有兩種意見,他們被稱為「反對意見」(dissenting
opinion or dissent)與「配合意見」(concurring opinion)。Dissenting opinion: opinion
offered by a judge disagreeing with the majority panel of judges』 conclusion;
「反對意見」指不同意大多數法官判決結論之某一法官的意見;Concurring opinion: opinion written by a judge
agreeing with the majority』s conclusion but not its reasoning.
「配合意見」是指同意大多數法官的意見,但是不同意判決結論的推理之某一法官的意見。
六、 法庭投票(Votes of the
court)例如在第七名大法官審理的情況下,有幾名法官的意見是「維持原判」(affirmance),有幾名法官的意見是「撤銷原判、發回重審」(reversal
and remandment)。
D. 舉一個例子英語任務型閱讀
給你兩個例子 請採納 祝好!
任務型閱讀中的題型主要包括原詞重現,固定搭配,詞性轉換,提煉概括四大類,四種題型難度指數依次上升,
任務型閱讀的做題順序應為四步走:
第一步:觀察題干,預測所填詞的詞性;
第二步:根據定位詞快速定位到原文;
第三步:理解定位詞出現原句之意 ;
第四步:填出答案所需之詞。
(1) 「原詞重現」
原詞重現題是四大題型中最容易得分的。學生要善於迅速定位,將准確答案鎖定。
第75題 :Conscientious employees at the lower levels give outstanding ______.
首先觀察題干,題干中outstanding 是形容詞。我們在做題時要善於預測:形容詞後通常跟名詞,所以此處應該填的是一個名詞,且單復均可。這時我們就可以對應到原文第二段第三行It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization,剛好我們發現了定位詞outstanding,另外根據搭配,確定空內應填名詞,所以此題填performance(s)。
第77題:Possible _____with conscientiousness
此題中空格出現在形容詞possible 後,此處應該是一個名詞,且為名詞復數,因為題目方框中列舉的例子不止1點。然後繼續找回原文。文章第五段第一句,But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems。可見答案為problems. 這是個段落標題題。做這樣的題目的解題思路是,重讀段首和段末。主旨常在轉折後面,果然,在but 後,problems 作為段落主題詞出現了。
第78題:Employers』 evaluations of the work of conscientious people can be _____ .
同樣先觀察題干,題干中can be 後面所填詞應該為一個形容詞。然後此題只需要定位到文中第四段的第三行: Their reputation for dependability influences managers』 evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.因此此處應該是:higher(subjective/unfair/unjust/prejudiced).
第80題:Conscientiousness can ____ creativity, especially in professions calling for imagination.
此題空格在情態動詞can 和名詞 creativity 之間,應該填動詞,且為動詞原形,然後迅速定位原文。定位到原文的最後一段第一行,When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity.可知答案可以為discourage.
(2) 固定搭配
第71題:Conscientious people are very ____ with themselves.
此處考察be ….with 的固定搭配。定位原文第一段第一句:The everyday signs of conscientiousness (認真盡責)—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-discipline…,self-discipline就是自律,對自己嚴格要求,be strict with,所以此處的答案應該為strict 。
(3) 詞性轉換
詞性轉化題在任務型閱讀中屬於中等題,要求學生具有非常扎實的語法基本功,高考任務型閱讀中常見的詞性轉化方式有:
1.名詞和動詞之間的相互轉換
2.名詞、動詞和形容詞之間的相互轉換(如:第72題)
3.動詞及其分詞(現在分詞和過去分詞)之間的相互轉換,(如:第74題)
第72題 :Conscientious people are very ______to others.
預測 : 填形容詞,並且有可能是考 be … to sb. 這樣一個固定搭配。
定位原文:根據 very, others, 以及72空是第二道題定位到第一段they follow rules, help out and are concerned about the people they work with. 因為the people they work with 和other people 是一種明顯的同意替換。
理解句意:他們遵守規矩,幫助別人,關心同事。所以對於別人來說,認真的人應該是熱心幫助人的或者是對別人很好的。
填預測所需答案:熱心幫助人或者是對別人很好的形容詞是 helpful (有動詞help轉換而來)或 good 。
第74題:Conscientious keeps an organization ______ smoothly.
預測:填V-ing 形式,為什麼呢?根據keep sth/sb. doing, 這一個短語,且smoothly是副詞,副詞應修飾動詞。
定位原文:根據keep, organization, smoothly 定位到 第一段第三句話: The everyday signs of conscientiousness (認真盡責)—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一絲不苟的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should.
理解句意:第一段第三句話理解出來是他們使得事情運營得很好,74空應該是認真的人使得機構運營得很好。該空填運營得的動詞,用run (operate/ go/function/work )
填預測所需答案:把以上動詞變成ing 之後是running(operating/ going/functioning/working )
(4)提煉概括
提煉概括一般屬於難題,高考畢竟是選拔性的考試,這兩種題型的設置則容易使我們區分不同層次的考生,今年的任務型閱讀中有兩題要求考生有比較強的語言敏感度,俗稱語感。學生的語感以及句子/段落意群的概括能力需不斷夯實 。
第73題:____ of conscientiousness
這是個段落標題題,與第77題:Possible _____with conscientiousness相對應。可以定位到原文第二自然段第一行Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field,意思是認真是在任何領域取得成功的關鍵,可見conscientiousness 是非常重要的,起著關鍵的作用,可以填important, significant 這類的詞。在填此空時需要注意下詞性,____of conscientiousness,這里需要一個名詞,所以應該填 Roles/ Importance/ Significance.
第76題: Conscientious employees are less likely to be ____ .
此處的空格在be之後,應該填一個形容詞或動詞的被動形式。可以定位到原文第三段第二行,Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (緩沖) against the threat of job loss in today』s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. 和For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.,意思是認真的人在持續變化的市場中,不容易失業,最受重視,能夠保住現在的工作,因此認真的員工被炒魷魚的機會很少,得知此處應該填被解僱的,失業的。應該填fired(dismissed/jobless). 這道題稍微有點難度,需要根據定位詞找到原文所在句子,根據句意理解填寫本空。
第79題: Conscientious people without social skills tent to have ____ relationship with their fellow workers .
此題空格在動詞have 和名詞 relationship之間,應該填形容詞,然後迅速定位原文。定位到原文的第五段最後一句:Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.可知沒有社交技巧,只知道認真工作的人,和他們的同事的關系會不大好。因此,本空應該填damaged/poor(tense/bad).
總之,此篇任務型閱讀Quiet conscientiousness 為議論文體裁,探討認真負責對工作的利與弊的影響。文章段落清晰,全文分六段,第1段總領引出工作認真負責之人的特點,下面5段分開論述其利弊。標準的總分結構,而且題目提供的板塊框架清晰易懂,但是題目還是有一定難度的。
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示例1
請認真閱讀下列短文,並根據所讀內容在文章後表格中的空格里填入最恰當的單詞。
Traveling on the Information Superhighway
In the early 1990s, few people outside of governments and universities had ever heard the term Internet. The World Wide Web was in its infancy(初期). Back then if you said to someone, 「Send me an e-mail with directions to your house,」 all you would have received is a puzzled look. Technology has come a long way since those days. Today, the Internet connects millions of computers around the globe, making a worldwide exchange of information possible.
The Internet is often called the 「information superhighway」. That』s because vast amounts of information travel over it. If you searched the word grasshopper, for instance, you would have thousands of sites to look at. Some sites would give information on these insects. Other sites would be companies with 「grasshopper」 in their names. Still other sites might want to sell you books about grasshoppers.
In addition to information, the Internet also offers one of the greatest inventions in communication: electronic mail, or e-mail for short. E-mail is the brainchild of a shrewd(精明的)man named Ray Tomlinson. He developed the program and sent himself the first e-mail in 1971. He isn』t sure, but he thinks his first message was QWERTYUIOP (the top row of letters on a keyboard ). As a result of Tomlinson』s invention of e-mail, the way in which the world communicates has changed.
Thanks to e-mail, you can communicate with a student in London and find out how his weather experiment is going. E-mail has also changed the speed with which we exchange information. In minutes, you can contact another person who shares your love of kites or stamps. Your aunt and uncle can send you pictures of their new puppy without ever leaving their home. If you are sick and cannot attend school, your teacher can e-mail you the assignments you have missed. You can even send e-mail to a grasshopper expert and ask questions for a research paper.
However, there is one big disadvantage when you use e-mail. Unlike a letter you send through the mail, e-mail is NOT private. It can be reviewed by anyone with access to your receiver』s computer. Your receiver could also forward it to other people -- so be careful. Do not say anything in an e-mail that you wouldn』t say in front of a crowd!
Type 1
The Internet
The Internet offers information to us.
The Internet enables us to(1)_____
in a new way.
Thanks to (3)____ , we can keep in touch with others wherever we are.
We can
(2) information throughout the world, because the Internet can connect millions of computers.
It has also enabled us to exchange information at
(5) speed than traditional communicative methods. Within a short time, it lets us (6) another person who has interest in (7)___. Besides, it helps us to send information without leaving home.
The Internet is often called the 「information superhighway 」, because vast amounts of information travel over it.
It has changed the (4)
of talking. Through it, we can talk with our students in London about the weather experiment.
(8) the disadvantage, we should be (9)___when using it, because it may not be (10)___ if someone has access to our receivers』 computer.
【參考答案】
1. communicate 2. exchange 3. e-mail
4. way 5. higher 6. contact 7. common 8. Despite 9. careful 10. private