2012英語一閱讀text4

① 急求：大學英語綜合教程1 第三單元和第四單元的text b 電子書

下面是第三單元和第四單元的text b 電子書，如果其它單元的或其它冊的也要的話可以給我留言，將下面的粘貼到記事本裡面就可以保存為TXT文本了。

How To Make Sense Out Of Science
David H. Levy
1 New Drugs Kill Cancer
如何理解科學

大衛•H•利維

新葯滅癌
2 Devastation by El Ni?o — a Warning
厄爾•尼諾現象將帶來毀滅 —— 一則警告
3 6:30 p.m. October 26, 2028: Could This Be the Deadline for the Apocalypse?
2028年10月26日下午6:30：世界末日的最後期限？
4 When these headlines appeared this year, their stories became the subjects of conversations around the world — talks spiced with optimism and confusion. Imagine the hopes raised in the millions battling cancer. Did the news mean these people never had to worry about cancer again? Or that we all had to worry about a catastrophe from outer space or, more immediately, from El Ni?o?
這些標題於今年見諸報端時，這類新聞便成為全世界的話題 —— 既摻有樂觀又帶來混亂的話題。想像一下這些新聞為成千上萬與癌症抗爭的人們所帶來的希望。這些新聞是否意味著這些人再也不用為癌症擔憂呢？還是說我們所有的人都得為來自外層空間的大禍，或者更近一點，為厄爾•尼諾現象造成的災難而憂心忡忡呢？。
5 Unfortunately, science doesn't work that way. It rarely arrives at final answers. People battling cancer or victims of El Ni?o may find this frustrating, but the truth is that Nature does not yield her secrets easily. Science is done step by step. First an idea is formed. Then this is tested by an experiment. The outcome, one hopes, results in an increase in knowledge. 不幸的是，科學並非這般運作。科學極少提供最終的答案。與癌症搏鬥的人們或厄爾•尼諾現象的受害者也許會覺得這太令人沮喪，但事實是，大自然並不輕易袒露其奧秘。科學研究是一步一步進行的，首先要有一個構想，然後用實驗檢驗這個構想，人們希望其結果能成為知識的一種積累。
6 Science is not a set of unquestionable results but a way of understanding the world around us. Its real work is slow. (1) The scientific method, as many of us learned in school, is a graal process that begins with a purpose or a problem or question to be answered. It includes a list of materials, a procere to follow, a set of observations to make and, finally, conclusions to reach. In medicine, when a new drug is proposed that might cure or control a disease, it is first tested on a large random group of people, and their reactions are then compared with those of another random group not given the drug. All reactions in both groups are carefully recorded and compared, and the drug is evaluated. All of this takes time — and patience.
科學並非一組無可置疑的結果，而是認識我們周圍世界的一種方法。其實際進程是緩慢的。(1) 正如我們很多人在學校里所學的那樣，科學方法是一個漸進的過程，這個過程始於某個目的，或某個有待解決或回答的問題。這包括一組材料，一套必須遵循的操作步驟，一系列有待進行的觀察，最後是有待得出的結論。醫學上，有人提出一種新葯可能醫治或控制某種疾病時，先是在隨意挑選的大量人群中進行試驗，然後將這部分人群的用葯反應與另一組隨意挑選的未用此葯的人群的情況進行比較。兩組人群的種種反應被一一記錄，仔細比較，從而對新葯的療效作出鑒定。所有這些過程需要時間 —— 以及耐心。
7 It's the result of course, that makes the best news — not the years of quiet work that characterize the bulk of scientific inquiry. After an experiment is concluded or an observation is made, the result continues to be examined critically. When it is submitted for publication, it goes to a group of the scientist's colleagues, who review the work. If the work is important enough, just before the report is published in a professional journal or read at a conference, a press release is issued and an announcement is made to the world.
成為新聞熱點的當然是結果，而非長年默默無聞的努力，而長年默默無聞的努力正是絕大多數科學探索的特點。在實驗有了結論，或觀察結束之後，其結果仍將受到嚴格的檢測。結果送交發表時，會由一組科學家的同行審閱。如果成果相當重要，那在專業雜志上發表或會議上宣讀該實驗報告之前，將會舉行新聞發布會，向世人宣布。
8 The world may think that the announcement signifies the end of the process, but it doesn't. A publication is really a challenge: "Here is my result. Prove me wrong!" (2) Other researchers will try to repeat the experiment, and the more often it works, the better the chances that the result is sound. Einstein was right when he said: "No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right; a single experiment can at any time prove me wrong."
世人也許會認為宣布結果標志整個過程的結束，其實不然。發表成果實際上是種挑戰：「本人所作結論在此。請證其謬！」(2) 別的研究人員會試圖重復這一實驗，實驗成功的次數越多，其結果就越有可能是可靠的。愛因斯坦說得對：「再多的實驗也永遠不能證明我正確，而一項實驗隨時就能證明我錯誤。」
9 In August 1996, NASA announced the discovery in Antarctica of a meteorite from Mars that might contain evidence of ancient life on another world. (3)As President Clinton said that day, the possibility that life existed on Mars billions of years ago was potentially one of the great discoveries of our time.
1996年8月，美國國家航天和航空局宣布在南極洲發現了一顆來自火星的隕石，其中可能包含著其他星球存在古老生命的證據。(3) 正如柯林頓總統那天所說，發現億萬年前火星上可能存在生命這件事, 有可能是我們時代最偉大的發現之一。
10 After the excitement wore down and initial papers were published, other researchers began looking at samples from the same meteorite. (4) Some concluded that the "evidence of life" was mostly contamination from Antarctic ice or that there was nothing organic at all in the rock.
當興奮和激動慢慢平息，首批論文發表之後，其他研究人員開始研究取自同一顆隕石的樣本。(4) 有些人得出結論說，這些「生命的證據」大多來自南極冰的污染，或者說那塊石頭里根本就沒有有機物。

Ben Carson: Man of Miracles
Christopher Phillips
1 Ben Carson looked out at Detroit's Southwestern High School class of 1988. It was graation day. At 36, Carson was a leading brain surgeon, performing delicate and lifesaving operations. But 19 years before, he had graated from this same inner-city school. He remembered it all — the depressing surroundings of one of Detroit's toughest, poorest neighborhoods. And he knew the sense of hopelessness and despair that many of these 260 students were feeling about the future.
本•卡森：一個創造奇跡的人

克里斯托弗•菲利普斯

本•卡森望著底特律市西南高中1988屆的畢業班學生。那天是畢業典禮日。卡森36歲，是一位傑出的腦外科醫生，施行需要小心處理的挽救生命的手術。然而，19年前，他就畢業於這同一所市中心貧民區的學校。他一切記憶猶新 —— 記得這是底特律市一個最貧窮的也是暴力犯罪最嚴重的街坊，記得那種壓抑的環境。他知道這260名學生當中的許多人對未來有一種絕望感。
2 (1) For weeks he had worried over how to convince the graates that they, too, could succeed against seemingly impossible odds, that they could move mountains. Now, standing to deliver the main address, he held up his hands. "See these?"he asked the students. "I didn't always use them for surgery. When I was a little younger than you are, I often waved a knife with them to threaten people. And I even tried to kill somebody."
(1) 幾個星期以來，他一直苦苦思索，如何才能讓這些畢業生相信，他們也能克服似乎難以戰勝的困難獲取成功，他們也能創造奇跡。此刻，他正起身作貴賓演講，他舉起了雙手。「看到嗎？」他問學生，「我過去並非總是用我的手作外科手術。在我比你們還年輕一點的時候，常常兩手揮舞小刀恐嚇別人。我甚至曾經試圖殺人。」
3 The students stared in disbelief.
學生們難以置信地瞪大了眼睛。
4 Ben and his older brother, Curtis, grew up in a crowded apartment building near the school. Their mother, Sonya, who had married at age 13 and divorced when Ben was eight, worked at two and sometimes three low-paying jobs at a time. She wanted a better life for her two sons and showered them with encouragement. However, both boys started badly in school, especially Ben.
本和哥哥柯蒂斯就在這所學校附近一幢擁擠的公寓大樓里長大。母親索妮婭13歲結婚，在本8歲時離了婚。她同時干兩份，有時甚至三份低報酬的活兒。她想讓兩個兒子過上好日子，拚命地鼓勵他倆。但兩個孩子剛上學時都學得一團糟，尤其是本。
5 Sonya recognized that Ben was bright. He just didn't seem motivated. "From now on,"she announced one afternoon, "you can watch only two TV shows a week. You have to read at least two books every week and give me reports so I know you really read them." 索妮婭知道本很聰明。他只不過是缺乏動力。「從現在開始，」有天下午她說道，「你們一星期只能看兩次電視。每星期你們至少得讀兩本書，要給我寫讀書報告，我好知道你們真的是讀了。」
6 At first Ben hated reading. Then, graally, he discovered a new world of possibility. (2) Before long he was reading more books than his determined mother required, and he couldn't wait to share them with her.
起初，本痛恨讀書。後來，漸漸地，他發現了一個充滿機會的嶄新世界。(2) 沒多久，他的閱讀便超出了意志堅定的母親所規定的數目，他迫不及待地與母親分享閱讀的快樂。
7 His mother studied the book reports closely. "That's a fine job, Bennie," she would tell her beaming son. What she didn't tell Ben or Curtis was that, with only a third-grade ecation, she couldn't read.
母親認真審閱讀書報告。「寫得不錯，本尼，」她會對滿面笑容的兒子說。她沒有告訴本或柯蒂斯的是，她只上過三年學，根本不會讀書。

8 "Mom," Ben announced one day, "When I grow up, I want to be a doctor."
「媽媽，」一天本說道，「等我長大了，我要當醫生。」
9 Sonya Carson smiled, knowing Ben must have just read a book on doctors. "You can be anything you want to be," she assured him.
索妮婭•卡森微微一笑，知道本準是剛讀了一本有關醫生的書。「心想事成，」 她深信不疑地對他說。
10 With a goal now, young Ben soared from the bottom of his class toward the top. His teachers were astonished. There was one thing, however, that Ben couldn't seem to conquer: his violent temper. (3) He boiled with anger — anger at his departed father, anger at the hardships his mother faced, anger at all the wasted lives he saw around him.
有了目標，年輕的本的功課從全班最差躍升至榜首。他的老師都非常驚訝。但是有一件事，本似乎不能克服，那就是他的火爆脾氣。(3) 他滿腔憤怒 —— 對死去的父親憤怒，對母親承受的艱辛憤怒，對自己所目睹的身邊所有荒廢的人生憤怒。
11 Then one afternoon, walking home from school, 14-year-old Ben started arguing with a friend. Pulling a camping knife, Ben thrust at the boy. The steel blade struck the youngster's metal belt buckle, and the blade snapped. Ben's friend fled.
一天下午，在放學回家的路上，14歲的本跟一個朋友爭了起來。本拔出一把野營用小刀朝那個男孩捅去。鋼制刀身扎在男孩的金屬帶扣上喀嚓一聲折斷了。本的朋友逃走了。
12 Ben stood stone-still. "I almost killed someone!" he said quietly. There and then he made a decision. If he was ever going to fulfill his dream of becoming a doctor and save others, he was first going to have to cure himself. Never again would he let his anger run away with him.
本站在那兒，呆住了。「我差點兒殺了人！」他默默地說。他當機立斷。如果真的還想要實現自己的醫生夢，救死扶傷，他首先必須醫治好自己的惡習。他決不再讓自己的脾氣失控。
13 In 1969 Ben graated third in his class from Southwestern High and received a full scholarship to Yale. After Yale he obtained grants to study at the University of Michigan Medical School. This was the start of a career that was to lead him, at age 33, to be appointed senior brain surgeon at Johns Hopkins hospital. From around the world, other surgeons came to seek his counsel.
1969年，本以全班第三名的成績從西南高中畢業，並獲得耶魯大學全額獎學金。耶魯本科畢業後，他獲得獎學金去密歇根大學醫學院學習。這是他職業生涯的起點，並使他在33歲時便被任命為約翰斯•霍普金斯醫院高級腦外科醫師。來自世界各地的外科醫生都來向他咨詢。
14 In April 1987 a German doctor arrived with the records of Siamese twins, newborns Patrick and Benjamin Binder. The boys had separate brains, but at the back of the heads, where they were joined, they shared blood vessels. Their mother refused to sacrifice either child to save the other. Surgeons knew of no other way to proceed. In many cases, when Siamese twins are separated at the back of the head, one child survives and the other either dies or suffers severe mental injury.
1987年4月，一位德國醫生帶著連體雙胎、新生嬰兒帕特里克和本傑明•拜恩德的病歷前來找本。兩個男嬰有各自的大腦，但在連接兩人的後腦部，兩人共用血管。孿生嬰兒的母親拒絕犧牲一個孩子挽救另一個孩子。醫生們束手無策。在許多病例中，連體雙胎在後腦部分割時，一個孩子存活，另一個則無法存活，或者將遭受嚴重腦力損傷。
15 Carson came up with a plan to give both twins the best chance of survival: stop their hearts, drain their blood supply completely and restore circulation only after the two were safely separated.
卡森提出了一個使兩個孩子都有最佳存活機會的方案：停止兩人心臟搏動，完全停止供血，直到兩人被安全分離後再恢復血液循環。
16 The entire operation took 22 hours and required a 70-person team. After the twins' hearts were stopped and their blood drained, Carson had only one hour to separate the damaged blood vessels. He worked smoothly and quickly, easing his instruments deep into the brains of the two infants. Twenty minutes after stopping the twins' circulation, he made the final cut. Now, working with his team, he had 40 minutes to reconstruct the blood vessels that had been cut open and close Patrick's head. Another team would do the same for Benjamin.
整個手術花了22小時，投入了一個70人的醫療組。停止了兩個嬰兒的心臟搏動和供血後，卡森只有一個小時的時間來分離業已損傷的血管。他嫻熟快速地施行手術，將各種手術器械輕輕地切入兩個嬰兒的大腦深處。供血停止後二十分鍾，他動了最後一刀。隨後，他與醫療組合作，將用四十分鍾時間重建被切開的血管，縫合帕特里克的頭。另一組醫務人員將對本傑明施行同樣的手術。
17 Just within the hour limit, the babies were fully separated, and the operating tables were wheeled apart.
就在一小時時限將到之時，兩個孩子被完全分離，兩張手術台被分別推開。
18 Tired but happy, Dr. Carson went out to the waiting room. "Which one of your children would you like to see first?" he asked their mother.
疲倦不堪卻又滿心歡喜的卡森醫生來到等候室。「你想先看哪個孩子呢？」他問孩子的母親。
19 The students of Detroit's Southwestern High sat silently as Ben Carson described his life's journey from an angry street fighter to an internationally distinguished brain surgeon. "It's important that you know there are many ways to go," Dr. Carson told them. "Becoming a brain surgeon is perfectly possible. But you don't have to be a surgeon. There are opportunities everywhere. You just have to be willing to take advantage of them. (4) Think big! Nobody was born to be a failure. If you feel you're going to succeed — and work your tail off — you will succeed!"
底特律市西南高中的學生們靜坐著，聽本•卡森講述自己從一個憤怒的街頭打手成長為國際知名的腦外科醫生的人生旅程。「重要的是要明白人生的道路多種多樣，」卡森醫生告誡他們道。「成為一位腦外科醫生是完全可能的。但你並不一定要當外科醫生。機會無處不在。但你得要肯去利用。(4) 要有雄心壯志！沒有人生來就是失敗者。如果你覺得自己會成功 —— 於是發奮努力 —— 你就會成功！」
20 Pausing, Ben Carson turned to his mother who was sitting in the front row.
本•卡森停頓片刻，朝坐在前排的母親望去。
21 "I'd like to thank my mother," Carson said in closing, "for all the success I've had."
「我要為我取得的所有成功感謝我的母親，」卡森最後說。
22 Southwestern High's entire graating class stood and clapped for a solid five minutes. Tears welled in Ben Carson's eyes.
西南高中畢業班學生全體起立，鼓掌足足持續了五分鍾。淚水從本•卡森的雙眸湧出。
23 Afterward, Sonya Carson embraced her son fondly. "It's really true, Bennie," she said. "You can be anything you want to be. And you've done it!"
後來，索妮婭•卡森深情地摟住兒子。「真的沒錯，本尼，」她說。「心想事成。你已經做成了！」
11 Was this a failure of science, as some news reports trumpeted?
這是某些新聞報道所鼓噪的科學的失敗嗎？
12 No! It was a good example of the scientific method working the way it is supposed to. Scientists spend years on research, announce their findings, and these findings are examined by other scientists. That's how we learn. Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two. It's a process filled with disappointments and reverses, but somehow we keep moving ahead.
不！這正是科學研究以其應有的方式進行的一個範例。科學家經過多年研究發布成果，其成果再由其他科學家加以檢驗。我們就是這樣增進知識的。正如爬山，我們費力爬上三英尺，又掉下去兩英尺。這是個充滿失望與挫折的過程，但不管怎樣，我們一直往前邁進。

② 2013年英語一閱讀text4是不是太難了點兒

2013年英復語一閱讀text4確實是非常難制了。

每年考試過後8月份或9月份公布成績並頒發成績單，根據教育部規定四六級考試不設置及格線，四級425分（含425分）以上可以報考六級，所以大家普遍認為四六級的合格線為425分。

英語四六級的分數是排位分，沒有總分。報名時間CET全國英語四六級考試的考試時間為：每年6月份、12月份（每年時間略有不同）。

2019年1月15日，中國教育部考試中心與英國文化教育協會在京聯合發布雅思、普思考試與中國英語能力等級量表對接研究結果。雅思聽力得5分，即達到中國英語能力等級量表四級水平。

③ 新概念英語2 試卷text4的答案

1 He missed the train because he did not hurry.
2 Although he ran fast, he failed to win the race.
3 I was so tired that I went to sleep immediately.
4 My neighbour, who went to Tokyo for a holiday, could not return home because he did not have enough money.
5 Finding the door unlocked, I went into the kitchen.
6 I bought a picture which was very valuable.
7 He walked quietly down the corridor so that no one would hear him.
8 They cleared the ground to build a house.

One day, a workman who was digging in a field accidentally struck a 6, 000-volt electricity cable with his spade. Although he was thrown twenty feet, he was unhurt. However, that night the neighbouring town was in darkness and no one knew what had happened

a I'd(would)prefer…'t understand…doesn't matter…does that word mean…don't know…is bringing
b got…decided…began…wrote…included…paid…rang…was not surprised…led…hid…was embarrassed
c lookd…arrived…have been waiting…said…answered…Were…went…said…got…weren't…came…said…waited…didn't come…have you been doing…asked…have just been… answered
d came… was used… used to hide… would often bury/often buried…(would)fail/failed… went…was examining… showed… was… g… found
e is setting out/will set out…will send…receive…receive/have received…will try…locate/have located…will fire…will carry…will pour…will be sent
f will soon be sending up…will be taking…will grab…will soon be sending…will tell…will have sent
g (had)discovered…appeared…had taken…died…happened…claimed…had died…had been searching…had been found

h was taking…had been asked…having been instructed…must have been pleased…be stopped…could be heard… were both thrown
i
1 He told me to keep quiet.
2 He suggested(that) I should send him a telegram(or He suggested sending him…).
3 He insisted(that) I should ask him about it(or He insisted on my asking him…).
4 He told me not to worry about it.

1 I wonder if he can wait a few minutes longe.
2 I wonder when he will arrive.
3 I wonder if he has passed his examination.
4 I wonder where he is.

1 had listened
2 had written
3 would have had
1 meeting…running…pretending…meeting…coming…preventing…following…meeting…doing… coming…speaking D

1 should/ought to come
2 had to do
3 should have/ought to have come
4 should have/ought to have asked

1 He is having a new house built.
2 She will have a new dress made.
3 I had my hair cut yesterday.
4 We must have this tree cut down.

1 I did not manage to get into town this morning.
2 They did not manage to find the boy who had run away.
3 He did not manage to find a new job.
4 I did not manage to translate the passage into English.

breakfast… the children… school…(the) market… The children… school… work… the house. some tarts for tea… a short time… butter and flour… sticky pastry… the telephone… the receiver…two sticky fingers…the voice…the receiver…a mess…pastry…the telephone…the doorknobs…the kitchen…the door bell…the dead…the postman…a registered lette

of…deal…most…most…oldest…many…Many…more…few…than…lot of…deal… from…less

1 in…at…in…in
2 at…out of
3 to…in…with…in…in

1 with 2 at 3 of 4 for5 to 6 for 7 of 8 to
Special difficulties

1 loose 4 hard 7 used to 10 pick 13 let 16 amused
2 rise 5 won 8 dropped 11 grown 14 part 17 checking
3 laid 6 quiet 9 at 12 invented 15 reason 18 advise

If you promise not to mention it to anyone else, I'll tell you a secret.
Have you said your prayers tonight, Johnny?
He told me a lie.
She said nothing to me or to anyone else.
I always tell the children a story before they go to bed.
『Are they really coming tonight?』-『Of course. They said so. 』

1 Our school dining room is very large.
2 He told us a ghost story.
3 She gave me a birthday present.
4 We stopped at a village pub.
5 The party leader made a speech.

④ 求助 關於考研英語一真題2013年text4

Text 4
a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Aministration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the federal government and the states.
An arizona.United States,the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enfour federal immigrations law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to "establish a uniform Rule of Anturalization" and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.Arizona had attempted to fashion state police that ran to the existing federal ones.
Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun .On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately "occupied the field " and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powers
However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That』s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.
Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.
The 8-0 objection to President Obama tures on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as 「a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power」. The White House argued tha Arizona』s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.
Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government,and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status,it could.It could.It never did so.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes,no state should be allowed to do so either.Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.
36. Three provisions of Arizona』s plan were overturned because they
[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.
[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.
[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.
[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.
37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?
[A] Federal officers』 ty to withhold immigrants』information.
[B] States』 independence from federal immigration law.
[C] States』 legitimate role in immigration enforcement.
[D] Congress』s intervention in immigration enforcement.
38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts
[A] violated the Constitution.
[B] undermined the states』 interests.
[C] supported the federal statute.
[D] stood in favor of the states.
39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement
[A] outweighs that held by the states.
[B] is dependent on the states』 support.
[C] is established by federal statutes.
[D] rarely goes against state laws.
40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.
[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.
[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.
[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.

⑤ 考研英語2012text4文章的一個疑問

是 getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones

⑥ 大學英語綜合教程4 里Unit 1-Unit 7 text A中的重點句子的翻譯。。。

對不起，真的找不到那些書了，不過你可以去其他網址看看，比如滬江

⑦ 能把英語泛讀教程第四冊的第十單元text 1課文翻譯發我下不上海外語教育出版社出版的,跪求啊，謝謝啦

樓主您好。

您要的英語泛讀教程第四冊的第十單元text 1課文翻譯如下：

屍檢和弦樂
安尼塔·昆茨
是什麼最終導致了莫扎特的早逝？他死了數百年後，在馬里蘭州召開了一次不同尋常的臨床病理學會議，以診斷這位天才的死因，會上，費思· 菲茨傑拉德教授提出了其獨到的診斷意見。這次會議如何不同尋常？菲茨傑拉德教授又是如何進行屍檢的？下面的文章將會澄清這些疑團。

在馬里蘭州立大學戴威基大廳里的磚鋪地面上，一位著名的醫學教授正准備進行一次最為不同尋常的屍檢。雖然兩百多年來，這座前後座椅間坡度很大的帶圓頂的圓形劇場舉辦了各種醫學講座及演示，今天提供的 內容卻不同一般，因為根本見不到死者的遺體。屍解結束時，一個弦樂四重奏樂隊將奉獻十八世紀的音樂節目。這兒正在舉行的是該校第六次歷史臨床病理學年會。每年，該大學的醫學院會邀請一位醫生就一些歷史人物——從艾德加·愛倫·坡到亞歷山大大帝——所患的神秘疾病作出診斷。今年的病人是一位三十五歲的男性，患病兩周後死於維也納。他的遺體被安葬在一個普通的墓地里，但他那才華橫溢的音樂至今仍在世界各地的音樂廳中回盪。
費思·菲茨傑拉德是內科醫生，加利福尼亞大學戴維斯醫學院教授。她首先提出：「當一些傑出人物死於普通疾病時，我們就會感到不安。」她的開場白給那些急於解釋隨後的研究的人提了個醒。當事人當時正處於創作的顛峰期，且那一陣健康狀況很好，突然一病不起，發高燒、頭疼、盜汗、手腳浮腫。幾天之內，浮腫就擴散到了身體各處——也就是我們所說的全身性水腫。這位受害者卧病在床，胸部和腹部還出了疹子。病了一周時間之後，他訴說全身疼痛，遭受了陣陣嘔吐和痢疾的折磨。他神智仍一直清醒和警覺，但到1791年12月4日晚，出現譫妄症狀，陷入昏迷，午夜過後便病逝。
費思·菲茨傑拉德解釋說，圍繞著這一特殊病歷的爭議，是因為死者名人身份：沃爾夫岡·阿馬戴烏斯·莫扎特的去世「一點兒都不會神秘至今，如果那個十二月的晚上死去的是沃爾夫岡·阿馬戴烏斯·穆勒的話。」此後，被名人效應左右的醫生們歸結了一百多種使莫扎特死亡的病因。菲茨傑拉德指出，「這些[診斷]的每一種，爭論時的熱情要遠大於對數據的關注。」「當然，莫扎特死於梅毒，死因怎麼說都行——因為每個偉人都死於梅毒。」
曾給生病的作曲家看病的醫生們同樣也幫不上什麼忙。他們的救助方法就是放血或用冷敷布降溫。當時沒有對屍體進行屍檢。康奈爾大學音樂理論家尼爾·扎斯羅簡述了莫扎特生平，據他所說，莫扎特死亡與安葬時，兩座教堂載明的死因都是「嚴重的粟疹熱」，在當時這是對出現籽狀疹癥候群的一種通用描述。報紙上登載的關於其死亡的診斷則有聲有色，不懷好意，認為是一種有毒的性病，還有心臟浮腫——這在十八世紀用來指體液瀦留及嚴重水腫。

甚至一些在莫扎特小時侯給他檢查過身體、頗有學識的人士，對他最終的死因也形成自己的看法。扎斯羅說，「他們認為，每個個體生來就存儲有限的生命要素，當這種生命要素以他們認為的在年輕的莫扎特體內的強度消耗時，這種要素就可能提前耗盡，導致早逝。」

就這樣，過多的想像以及時間的流逝，使悲劇演變成一個亟待解決的醫學之謎。對於該醫學院副院長菲利普·邁考威艾克來說，這正是他所感興趣的材料。六年前，他在一本馬里蘭州的歷史雜志上讀到一篇關於艾德加·愛倫·坡臨終情況的敘述，然後便發起組織了這個會議。他雇了一個演員扮演坡，還邀請他的同事邁克爾·本尼特斯重新審查這位作家的病史。 用選自坡所著的故事《黑貓》中的一段獨白，恰如其分地最終得出診斷結果：死於狂犬病。死於狂犬病的說法吸引了相當多的注意力，以致成為電視益智問答節目《危險》中的一個問題。

從那以後，參加會議的人探討過亞歷山大大帝、貝多芬以及雅典軍事和政治領袖培里克利斯的死因。到目前為止，邁考威艾克的醫學同行們所作出的診斷 ，要是不算平庸的話 ，也是比較常見的——這使得會議不僅有趣，而且對於與會的受訓醫生來說也很實用。醫學博士保羅·薩赫戴夫正在傳染病研究領域接受最後一年培訓，他說，給歷史人物會診過程中體現一種 徹底性，而當前臨床實踐有時就缺乏這一點。「一旦你過了見習期及住院實習期，你就容易不假思索地作出一些診斷，而不仔細考慮所有的可能性。」

薩赫戴夫說，通過沒有現代科技幫助的一個病例考察另一種醫療工作，也具有啟發性。在莫扎特這個例子中，最顯著的病症——全身水腫一般有三個成因：肝臟疾病、腎臟疾病以及充血性心力衰竭。沒有現代的實驗技術，菲茨傑拉德必須運用演繹推理。她第一步是排除肝臟疾病，因為並沒有出現黃疸症狀。
一些醫學史家曾暗示是腎臟疾病，因為莫扎特的耳朵有些畸形。耳朵和腎臟幾乎在人類胚胎階段同時發育；因此，畸形的耳朵也可以表明腎臟有問題。但是菲茨傑拉德說，莫扎特並沒有腎臟機能不良的病史。而且，嚴重的腎臟病在發病過程中產生譫妄症狀時間要早。

因此，最後菲茨傑拉德轉向了充血性心力衰竭。如果心臟不能泵壓足夠的血液通過腎臟以排出存在於體液中的鹽分，也可能會導致全身水腫。用戴威基大廳配備的聽診器，在場的任何一位聽眾都會很容易確診心臟疾病。「不幸的是，」菲茨傑拉德說，「在莫扎特死後二十五六年 才發明聽診檢查。而且也沒有記錄表明，他的醫生曾經把耳朵貼在胸部聽心跳。如果我真得面對一個出疹、發燒、盜汗、浮腫的傢伙，我大概也不會想要把耳朵靠在他的胸部。」
但是，菲茨傑拉德注意到，據說在莫扎特去世時，維也納正遭受一場流行性風濕熱的侵擾。風濕熱的形成是由於某種細菌入侵誘發免疫系統產生抗體。抗體襲擊細菌，但它們也可能會襲擊體質虛弱的寄主的心臟、皮膚、關節和大腦。菲茨傑拉德指出，這種反會引發產生在莫扎特身上的其它病症，也會導致充血性心力衰竭。風濕熱對神經系統造成的後果舞蹈病，可以用來解釋莫扎特臨終時的譫妄症狀，也可以解釋其令人困惑的性格變化——在去世前幾天， 這種變化導致他把自己最寵愛的金絲雀從病房中趕了出去。

她說：「人們可以說那場流行病對他的死因並不重要，那隻是巧合而已。但我認為，要是對此不加以考慮，則有些自大。」菲茨傑拉德運用奧卡姆剃刀原則——即對某一現象最簡單的解釋可能性最大——作出了診斷：由風濕熱引起的充血性心力衰竭。
聽眾們顯得平靜，而且深感滿意，就好象沉浸在對一位亡友的頌揚之中。人們分發著三明治，弦樂四重奏樂隊正在做演出准備，當第一個音符奏響的時候，沃爾夫岡·阿馬戴烏斯·莫扎特又重獲生命。

希望能幫到您。
望採納，謝謝！

⑧ 誰有2015年考研英語一的閱讀理解text1-4的翻譯~~請賜給我吧~~

你買本真題書就行了，上面都有，雖然我今年考得，但是我都忘啦

⑨ 2010年考研英語TEXT4中.有一個句子是這樣的:and , unless banks carry toxic assets at price that attrac

翻譯：除非銀行以吸引買家的價格出售有毒資產。
我找了下原文，專發現有句比較接近的，America』s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive.（除非銀行把資屬產的價格定在買家感興趣的價位，否則美國買完有毒資產的計劃難以施行。）
而carry原意可為攜帶；運載；傳送，我認為在這里可以引申為出售。