Ⅰ 求新編英語聽力教程2 3 4原文及答案
Part 1 listening one
Ever
wish you could do magic tricks, or introce yourself as「magician」 at a
party? Imagine, everybody wants to have fun, but nothings』really
happening, it's time for you to show one of your new tricks. Here, you
can learn how, and without any need for special materials or much
practice.
A trick with a coin, a handkerchief and a friend:
Put
the coin on your palm. Cover the coin with the handkerchief. Ask
several peopleo put their hands beneath the handkerchief and feel the
coin, to make sure that it is still there. Then take the corner of
thehandkerchief and pull it rapidly off your hand.
The coin has gone! How? You must make sure the last friend who feels the coin
knows the trick and removes the coin when he seems to be just feeling it. And nobody knows where it has gone!
A trick with a piece of paper and a pencil:
Tell
your friend that you can communicate your thoughts without speaking to
other people. Write on the piece of paper the w6od Don't 1et your
friends see what you
have written. Say, "Now I will communicate this word into your minds." Pretend to
concentrate. Ask them if they know what is written on the paper. They will say, "No!"
And you say, "Quite correct! I wrOte on the paper!"
A trick with an egg and some salt:
Ask your friends to stand the egg upright on the table. They won't manage to do it.
Say that you can speak to the chicken inside. Say, "Chicken! Can you hear me? Get
ready to balance your egg!"
When
you first get the egg back from your friends, pretend to kiss the egg
at the base. Make the base wet. Then put the base into salt which is in
your other hand. The salt will stick to the egg. Then put the egg on the
table. Twist the egg around a few times as this will arrange the grains
of salt. Then it will stand up. Don't forget to thank the chicken.
Questions:
1、What does the magician ask people to do in the first trick
2. What happens to the coin?
3. How does the magician prove that he can communicate his thoughts to the
audience in the second trick?
4. What is the first step to make the egg stand upright?
5. What else is needed to make the egg stand upright?
Keys: 1.B2.C 3.C 4.A 5. D
理解英文題的技巧:
1、細節題解題技巧
細節題的命題方法很多,如可能是對某個細節用同義結構轉換後進行考查、也可能是將文章中的幾個細節(通常是四個)放在一起要求考生判斷是非(選出正確的一項或選出錯誤的一項)或對幾個細節進行排序等。一個常用的方法就是運用定位法,即根據題干或選項中的線索詞從原文中找到相關的句子,與選項進行比較從而確定答案(此時要特別注意一些常見的同義轉換)。
(1)、關鍵信息定位法。這個主要是細節題,如涉及到數字(日期、時間、價格等),就可以在文章中快速圈出數字,再找出目標數字及相對應的細節作息,還有人物姓名、地點名詞等等,其他的還包括一些提示情節發展,或條綱性關鍵字眼,如First, Next, Finally等等。
(2)、 同義定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同義定位就是指問題所用的關鍵詞和文中的不一致,但屬於同義性質,同義轉換其實是在關鍵間的基礎上拐個彎。
2、推理題解題技巧
推斷題定義:在理解原文字面意思的基礎上,通過對語篇邏輯關系的分析和細節的暗示,做出一定的判斷和推理,從而得到文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。
Ⅱ 新編英語聽力教程2 listen&learn 何其莘主編 聽力原文及答案
樓下的評論真的是醉了… 只是因為老師只報答案單詞確實不知道怎麼寫才來網路上問的 一上來就批判人家不好好讀書這樣的固定思維真的好嗎?
Ⅲ 跪求 新編大學英語4 浙版 課文原文 只要正文原文就可 不要課後閱讀的,謝謝!!!
先說一下,這是翻譯器翻譯的,語句不通順的地方,意思改通順了就可以
有趣的幽默有趣嗎?
唐納德·M·霍夫曼
1在一個有趣的故事中,笑的樂趣是普遍的,可能和語言本身一樣古老。但是,是什麼使一個故事或一個笑話有趣嗎?
2自從我第一次意識到幽默的人喜歡幽默,我就嘗試在拉丁美國和中國這樣的多元文化中解釋和討論幽默。我對有趣的故事做了一些認真的思考。它一直是愛的勞動!
3當我講了個笑話之後,一個班裡有幾個學生會從椅子上摔下來,而其餘的學生看起來好像我剛看了天氣預報嗎?顯然,有些人比別人更敏感。而且,我們認識到,有些人講笑話很好,而其他人卻很難說出一些有趣的東西。大家都聽人說,「我喜歡開玩笑,但我不能很好地講出來,我也永遠不會記住他們」,有些人比其他人有更好的幽默感,就像有些人有更多的音樂才能,數學天才等。一個真正有趣的人有一個笑話,每一次,當一個人被告知,這會觸發一整個字元串的笑話,從該人的記憶銀行。一個缺乏幽默感的人不可能成為一群人中最受歡迎的。這是合理的說,真正的幽默的人不僅是很喜歡,但往往是關注的焦點在任何聚集。
4甚至有些動物有幽默感。我妻子的母親經常拜訪我們,為了延長停留時間。通常她不喜歡狗,但是她愛上了閃電女實驗室我們,和的關系是相互的。即使年輕,閃電會取笑奶奶很有選擇性的攜帶自己的卧室拖鞋走進客廳,奶奶坐在她最喜歡的,舒適的椅子。閃電環繞的只是超越奶奶到奶奶很想讓她把椅子從閃電把拖鞋。當奶奶離開她的椅子,閃電會迅速跳到椅子上,閃爍著她實驗室的微笑閃亮的棕色眼睛,清晰地說,「啊哈,你又上了我的當。
5個典型的笑話或幽默的故事有一三個部分的解剖,很容易辨認。首先是設置(或設置),下一個是身體(或故事線),而這些都是按一拳行(一個意想不到的或令人驚訝的結尾),這將使笑話有趣,如果它包含一些幽默。通常所有的三個部分都存在,並且每一個都必須清楚地呈現。故事或笑話講的人用手勢和語言來幫助觀眾,這有助於。
6幽默,作為一種娛樂形式,可以分析,以便發現什麼使一個有趣的故事或笑話似乎有趣。這里,例如,一些最常見的幽默類型。他們從最明顯的幽默到更微妙的類型。
7「滑稽劇」是最明顯的幽默。它的語言是簡單的,直接的,並經常使其他人或團體的樂趣。一記耳光棒,是站起來的喜劇演員和小丑的技巧。它呼籲所有年齡和所有文化。本世紀,幾乎每一個講英語的喜劇演員都用一種形式或另一種形式的笑話。一個人問另一個,「我昨晚看見你的那位女士是誰?」另一個回答說:「那是沒有女人,這是我的妻子,」幽默的事實是,另一個男人說他的妻子不是一個女人。換句話說,她不是一個精緻的女人。笑話不那麼有趣,因為它是如此經常使用。觀眾事先知道什麼會被說,因為它是經典的幽默,和任何觀眾的價值觀,因為它的熟悉。
8中國「相聲」是一種特殊類型的相聲中兩名中國喜劇演員幽默地談論諸如官僚,家庭問題,或其他個人的話題。在任何地方,從小鄉村到北京最大的劇院,廣播和電視都可以聽到。這顯然是中國人所理解的一種傳統的幽默形式。
9一個單詞的游戲不是很明顯的作為一個巴掌棒,但它是有趣的,因為誤用或誤解的語言。我最喜歡的例子是三位老人坐火車在英國旅行的故事。當火車減速停止第一個人問,「這是溫布利球場?」「不,」第二,「這是星期四。」「我說,」第三個人說。讓我們為一個啤酒停止。「我們知道,老年人往往不清楚聽到的東西,所以星期三的誤解(溫布利)又渴(星期四)進行的第三人的妙語不錯的設置。
10中國著名漫畫家和幽默家丁聰是一個文字游戲大師。在他的一幅有趣的漫畫中,一位老師說:「你怎麼完全抄襲別人的作業?」年輕學生回答道:「我沒有完全復制它。我的名字在這一頁上是不同的。「在另一個經典的丁,一個憤怒的父親問,「告訴我,什麼是一加二?」兒子說:「我不知道,」這個不耐煩的父親接著說:「你,你媽媽,我一共多少,你這個白痴?」兒子驕傲地回答,「三個傻瓜」。這些故事無論是漫畫,笑話的滑稽喜劇演員,或一個相聲隊,他們吸引的人都是有趣的故事,因為他們有一個注意的現實,和意想不到的妙語十分有趣。
11雙關語是一種更微妙的文字游戲。他們使用的是同一個詞的相似的發音詞或其他含義的技術。有些批評家認為雙關語是幽默的最低形式,但我不同意。雙關語需要更加微妙和復雜的語言技能比其他形式的幽默,但即使很小的孩子也能利用的簡單形式。例如,「謎語」或「把戲」的問題往往使用一個雙關語的設置,故事線,或者,更經常,打孔線。雙關語是第一種類型的幽默我學到的,和在5歲左右,我記得聽到下面的謎語。一個人問:「什麼是黑,白,紅的都是?」其他人通常無法解答這個謎語,所以說:「我放棄了。答案是什麼?」的人回答,「報紙」。這是顯而易見的答案如果你知道「紅」的發音是一樣的「讀」英語,但含義顯然是不同的。
12 double-entendres(法語的雙重含義)是其中的詞或短語有雙重含義雙關語的特殊形式。這兩者的含義是非常不同的,一個是相當恰當的,而二是經常的,但不總是,庸俗。我喜歡有點輕微的故事,一位學校老師和一位高中校長,因為一些男孩和女孩在學校操場上接吻。老師對學生們說:「校長和我決定停止在學校操場上接吻。」聽到一些笑聲,她感覺到她的信息不完全清楚,所以她補充道,「我的意思是說,在我們的鼻子底下不會有更多的接吻。」。這一澄清,當然,並沒有糾正的第一個語句和開玩笑的雙重含義變得更加可笑。
13一些幽默大師認為今天太多的幽默是不是很聰明的或復雜的。他們不喜歡的暗示或粗俗的語言使用太頻繁,他們覺得最幽默家是不是很有創意。這是真實的,一些今天的幽默是相當令人震驚的,但我不認為幽默是要歸咎於。幽默是有活力的,它會堅持下去,因為有有趣的事情每天都發生。一些幽默的人看到和聽到這些有趣的事情,並能夠使他們變成有趣,有趣的笑話和故事。
致命的吸引力
1英國謀殺之謎的「女王」,毫無疑問,克里斯蒂阿加莎。雖然作者本人在20年前就去世了,她的78部偵探小說還是非常暢銷。他們已經被翻譯成超過一百種語言,他們已售出超過二十億份。
2克里斯蒂阿加莎的書,無論是在英國和國外的吸引力,是不難理解。每一本書都是巧妙的構造。她使用的是容易辨認的,她幾乎像時鍾一樣的人物情節的發展。但最重要的是,她所有的故事為讀者們設下了一個謎。
3克里斯蒂的作品幾乎都是從一個謀殺案,迫使讀者問,「是誰乾的?」,所有的一切都結束了一個解決方案。讀者的樂趣是隱藏在故事的線索,並試圖達到正確的解決方案之前,作者揭示了它。這一公式吸引了人類本能的好奇心,它的人氣沒有消失的跡象。
4許多的奧秘是由一個克里斯蒂的定期調查解決,如非常自信的比利時偵探波洛,,或看起來無害的小老太太,馬普爾小姐。她還為自己的故事創造了一個特別的故事,這一點像她所熟悉的角色。這是英國的兩場世界大戰之間的緊密聯系的社區居住在安靜的村莊或富裕的城市民間聚集在大國家的房子的周末。
5這個世界被一個嚴格的社會等級所統治。該國的業主,可能是貴族的成員,是在頂部,然後有專業類:醫生,律師和商人。最底層的是普通人,他們通常在書中出現,如僕人,廚師和園丁。當一個謀殺案被犯下的時候,就不需要被調查。
6克里斯蒂阿加莎的世界不是一個真實的世界,這就是為什麼她的書沒有過時的原因之一。這是一個安全和可預測到一個謀殺案打亂了人們的生活世界。必須解決的犯罪,使兇手可以被逮捕,但也,使平靜可以恢復。
7克里斯蒂阿加莎的一生中,英國有謀殺罪的死刑。因此,一旦她的書中的罪行被解決,兇手認定,這就是他或她的終結。沒有鬆散的結束,讀者可以在他或她的床上安靜地睡覺。
8在現實世界中,當然,事情不會發生這樣的。犯罪分子逍遙法外,人們被錯誤定罪有冤假錯案。總之,現實世界是不是一個安全的地方。正是因為這樣的原因,許多讀者都喜歡用一種安全和可預測的結局將他們的頭埋在一個老式的偵探小說里。
9種偵探小說阿加莎克里斯蒂寫的當然是老式的。幾乎沒有當代犯罪作家創作這類書籍。現代的偵探小說更是道德上和心理上的復雜,經常在「誰乾的?」,另一個問題:「犯罪動機小說?」現代作家更感興趣的是理解罪犯的思想,讓一個人去殺人。他們探索了一個比克里斯蒂阿加莎想像的更黑暗的犯罪世界。而不是被安慰,大多數當代犯罪小說使讀者感到不安。
10但英國對美國人所謂的「舒適」的犯罪小說的喜愛卻沒有死。謀殺仍然被認為是娛樂和電視節目是充滿了偵探劇,結束與一個殺人犯,在被逮捕。
11的另一個跡象是如何流行的推理小說已經成為「謀殺之謎的周末」,酒店提供的。客人把那些經典偵探小說中的嫌疑人和周末試圖找出其中誰是「兇手」。或有謀殺的宴會,在哪一組的朋友們聚在一起解決犯罪的晚餐,使用專門准備的信息,他們的性格和他們的下落。如果你的吃飯不被謀殺,有一系列的流行牌游戲和電腦游戲來測試你的檢測能力。
12但對一些人來說,它可以成為一種痴迷。仍有信件寄到「貝克街221B,倫敦」,福爾摩斯的家裡,也許是所有小說里最有名的偵探,要求他幫忙解決各種各樣的謎案。如此多的信件到達大偵探,現在占據了這個地址僱用某人的特殊工作回答他們。
13隻要人類還有好奇心,那麼毫無疑問的偵探小說,以各種不同的形式,將繼續發揮其致命的吸引力。
哇,我願意這樣做嗎
1我16歲時就開始對自己的興趣。我看了一個電視廣告,這兩家人開始在一個雜技圖案中來回折騰罐頭冷凍的橘子汁。
2哇,我願意這樣做嗎!我想像自己在鼓掌觀眾面前表演。
3胖的機會。如果我知道怎麼辦,我很害怕站在觀眾面前的死亡。但後來發生了一個奇怪的巧合,這讓你覺得這是一個祈禱的答案,甚至當你還沒有真正祈禱。幾天後,我的哥哥,傑夫,和我拜訪了一些朋友當一個和我同歲的男孩說,「嗨,你應該看看我的弟弟學會了做。」他帶我到他哥哥的房間,那裡的大男孩正在教傑夫怎麼耍高爾夫球。
4我說:「我也想學。
5在沒有時間我被鉤。雖然我一開始就扔了很多球,但我還是很驚訝地發現,我是多麼容易被抓住。首先,我把一個球從一隻手扔到另一隻手上。然後我試了兩只球,一隻手,讓他們在空中。
6我終於准備好三個球了。模式很簡單:我在我的右手裡拿著兩只高爾夫球,一個在左邊。把球從我的右手中拋向空中,我一直等到它的頂端。然後我把球拋向我的左手,讓兩只球互相傳遞。在那之前,我把我的右手裡的球傳了出來,然後才有一個球落下。我把球拋下,來回地來回地。當我掉了一個,我開始。到了晚上我會在拋球讓10把。
7這是一個挑戰,我必須完美這個技能。第二天我得到了三個網球練習,車庫直到我能在掉球使20把。我用復仇的心。我想和那些傢伙一樣好。
8當我變得更好時,我開始增加一些技巧,把球拋下,這樣,一個越過別人的頂部,或在其他人,或我彈了一個從我的頭或肘部,並仍然保持了模式去。
9有趣的事情是,我以為我在做那些把戲。但有一天在圖書館我發現了一本書,並有所有的技巧,我正在做的!三個球的基本模式是一個級聯,在一個圓圈內拋撒球是一個淋浴,並投擲一個球的頂部是一個半淋浴。
10我買了一套玩一套的球桿,我爸媽給我買了一套一套一套的一套。我為我的家人和幾個朋友表演,但我從來沒有想過自己是一個演員。娛樂意味著在觀眾面前站起來。不可能我不能那樣做。
11,那麼五年後,我21歲的時候,我母親把我叫到一邊,在聖誕節期間的一天說,「丹,你想怎麼做今年的救世軍的晚餐?」在過去的兩年裡,媽媽和她的老闆在年度宴會上幫助了他。
12「還有其他的娛樂方式,」她趕緊補充道。所有你需要做的是站在禮堂的一側,在吃晚飯的時候。」
聖誕節前13天,當人們走進禮堂,我在一個小舞台上,在大廳的一邊。我很緊張,但不知怎的緊張給了我勇氣。我開始做我的把戲,包括一個我最近掌握的:在我背後玩。然後我在俱樂部,和最後一個保齡球和兩個小球。孩子們擠在舞台上,笑著。人們鼓掌。
14我突然覺得我從未體驗過的興奮。我為觀眾表演,他們喜歡它!
15在家裡我一直在練習。我開始玩弄雪茄盒,刀和火把。當一個叔叔給了我他的獨輪車,我學會了騎車和篡改的同時。
16我開始想成為一個專業。我知道我必須做的不僅僅是花樣,我還得說,開玩笑等。這就是書所說的。所以我祈禱。當我下在在我家前面,我加了一些笑話。我希望我的家人能幫助我在公共場合做同樣的事情。
17我的機會很快就來了。要我耍火把一個波利尼西亞主題的時裝秀。我光著腳,赤裸的上身,穿著傻乎乎的短褲,臉上畫著黑色條紋。當我准備繼續,我被交給了一個公告列表。「當你完成你的行為,請讀這些,」儀式的女主人說。太晚了,太晚了。
18是我曾經緊張!我把火把掉了三次!但是我不想讓觀眾知道我有多緊張,我試著讓自己的錯誤看起來像是行為的一部分。我跳舞,在火把的瘋狂,使叢林里的聲音,直到我可以把它們撿起來繼續我的雜耍。人們鼓掌。他們喜歡我的行為。我通過閱讀公告。
19下個月我接到了一個來自當地小學校長的電話。一位老演員曾請病假。我可以填嗎?還包括一個信息嗎?」當然,「我說。
20三個星期後,我就站在一對夫婦的孩子面前。用我的一個例子,我開始我的信息。當我開始耍,我讓小球。我把他們撿起來,然後又把他們扔了。
21我說:「這就是當你開始的時候。但是,隨著節目的進展,我開始做更多的花樣,雜耍,騎獨輪車,躺在我的背上,回到了我的腳,不失一球。
四零五22分鍾後,我結束了對孩子們的最後一句話的表現:「如果你想成功,在玩弄或其他任何東西,你必須繼續努力。你可以做到。只是永遠不會放棄。」
一個音符的力量
1在我的第一份工作作為體育編輯,蒙彼利埃州(俄亥俄州)的領導企業,我沒有得到大量的粉絲郵件,所以我很感興趣的一封信,被扔在我的桌子上一天早晨。
2當我打開它,我讀:「一個很好的一篇寫在老虎。保持良好的工作,「這是由沃爾夫,體育編輯簽署。因為我是一個十幾歲的人(被支付了15美分一列的大總),他的話不能更令人鼓舞。11把信放在我的書桌抽屜里直到它被翻舊了。每當我懷疑自己不是當作家的料時,我會重溫別注和重拾信心。
3後來,當我認識他時,我學會了一個習慣,寫一個快速,令人鼓舞的話,在各行各業的人。當我讓別人感覺自己很好的時候,他對我說,「我也感覺很好。」
4毫不奇怪,他有一個像附近的伊利湖一樣大的朋友。當他去年75歲去世時,這封信的人是受了他的精神提升的人的電話和信件淹沒了。
5多年來,我試著模仿唐和其他朋友的例子,他們有足夠的時間寫上令人振奮的評論,因為我認為他們是重要的。在一個世界上,往往寒冷和反應遲鈍,這樣的筆記帶來溫暖和安慰。我們都需要一個提高的時間,和一些線的贊美已被稱為轉一天,甚至一個生活。
6為什麼,那麼,有那麼幾個樂觀的音符作家?我的猜測是,許多害羞的做法是太自我意識。他們害怕他們會被誤解,聲音感傷或虛偽。此外,寫作需要時間,這是更容易拿起電話。
7電話的缺點,當然是,他們不會持續。一張字條更加重視我們的願望。這是一個記錄,和我們的話可以多讀幾遍,細細品味並珍藏。
8即使記筆記可能需要更長的時間,一些非常忙碌的人,包括喬治。有人說,他把他的成功歸功於他曾經准備好的筆。如何?在他的職業生涯中,他幾乎每一次都接觸到一個親切的回應,一句贊美,一句贊美或是感謝。他的筆記不僅對朋友和同事,而且對隨便的熟人和陌生人都喜歡,如驚訝的人誰得到了溫暖的輕拍在背後的貸款的貸款。
9甚至是最高層的公司管理者,他們大多是受領導風格的影響,其特點是強硬、冷漠和冷漠,他們開始學習這一課,並能獲得好處,使人們得到提升。前福特董事長彼得森-唐納德,誰在很大程度上歸功於在上世紀80年代把公司轉為一個練習,每天寫一個積極的信息。」我只是寫在便箋或信的角落,通過他們,「他說。」你一天中最重要的十分鍾就是那些你花在為你工作的人做些什麼來推動你的工作。
10他說:「我們真正喜歡的人不知道我們對他們的感受。我們常常想,我沒有說什麼,關鍵,為什麼我要說一些積極的?我們忘了,人類需要積極的加強,事實上,我們在它的蓬勃發展!
11寫些什麼來寫上一封信,提起精神和溫暖的心靈?只有願意表達我們的謝意。最成功的實踐者包括我所說的四個「筆記」的筆記。
1 12)他們是真誠的。沒有人想要虛假的贊美。
2 13)他們通常是短的。如果你不能說出你想說的三句話,你可能會緊張
3 14)他們是具體的。贊揚一位業務夥伴告訴他「好」講話太模糊了;「關於沃倫•巴菲特的投資策略」偉大的故事是精確的。
4 15)他們是自發的。這給了他們在讀者心中揮之不去的新鮮和熱情。
16當你要尋找信件寫作材料時,很難是自發的,所以我會在手上放上紙、信封和郵票,即使是我的旅行。花哨的文具是沒有必要的,這是認為,計數。
17那麼,誰在你身邊,你應該得到一個感謝或贊同的說明?一個鄰居,你的圖書館員,親戚,你的市長,你的伴侶,一位老師,你的醫生?你不需要有詩意。如果你需要一個理由,尋找一個里程碑,一個特殊的事件,你的生日,或一個生日或假日。舉例來說,在過去的25年裡,我已經准備了一份年度聖誕老人的信,我經常給你加一個手寫的感謝信。承認在這一年中發生的一些成功或好運似乎特別恰當,考慮到聖誕季節的精神。
18你要贊美你的話。最喜歡的「偉大」,「最聰明」,「漂亮的」讓我們都感覺很好。即使你的贊美是一點點超前的現實,記住,期望是父母的夢想實現。
19今天我有一種溫暖的,免費的信,我以前的老闆和導師,諾爾曼Vincent Peale。他對我的小紙條充滿了令人振奮的短語,它把我送到我的打字機前,寫下我自己的幾封信。我不知道他們會不會讓別人的一天,但他們讓我的。正如我的朋友沃爾夫說的,讓別人感覺良好,讓我感覺很好。
Ⅳ 高分求新編大學英語 第4冊 視聽說教程原文和答案
Text
Do you view work as a burden or an opportunity? Are you the kind of person who looks for ways to save your energy or the kind that finds spending your energy satisfying? Why do people like to complain about work? Find the answers to question like these in the following essay.
WHY PEOPLE WORK
Leonard R. Sayles
Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness sand contentment. We're all used to thinking that work provides the material things of life -- the goods and services that make possible our modern civilization. But we are much less conscious of the extent to which work provides the more intangible, but more crucial, psychological well-being that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.
Historically, work has been associated with slavery and sin and punishment. And in our own day we are used to hearing the traditional complaints: "I can't wait for my vacation," "I wish I could stay home today," "My boss treats me poorly," "I've got too much work to do and not enough time to do it." Against this background, it may well come as a surprise to learn that not only psychologists but other behavioral scientists have come to accept the positive contribution of work to the indivial's happiness and sense of personal achievement. Work is more than a necessity for most human beings; it is the focus of their lives, the source of their identity and creativity.
Rather than a punishment or a burden, work is the opportunity to realize one's potential. Many psychiatrists heading mental health clinics have observed its healing effect. A good many patients who feel depressed in clinics gain renewed self-confidence when gainfully employed and lose some, if not all, of their most acute symptoms. Increasingly, institutions dealing with mental health problems are establishing workshops wherein those too sick to get a job in "outside" instry can work, while every effort is exerted to arrange "real" jobs for those well enough to work outside.
And the reverse is true, too. For large numbers of people, the absence of work is harmful to their health. Retirement often brings many problems surrounding the "What do I do with myself?" question, even though there may be no financial cares. Large numbers of people regularly get headaches and other illnesses on weekends when they don't have their jobs to go to, and must fend for themselves. It has been observed that unemployment, quite aside from exerting financial pressures, brings enormous psychological troubles and that many indivials deteriorate rapidly when jobless.
But why? Why should work be such a significant source of human satisfaction? A good share of the answer rests in the kind of pride that is stimulated by the job, by the activity of accomplishing.
Pride in Accomplishment
The human being longs for a sense of being accomplished, of being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind, with his will. Each of us wants to feel he or she has the ability to do something that is meaningful and that serves as a tribute to our inherent abilities.
It is easiest to see this in the craftsman who lovingly shapes some cheap material into an object that may be either useful or beautiful or both. You can see the carpenter or bricklayer stand aside and admire the proct of his personal skill.
But even where there is no obvious end proct that is solely attributable to one person's skill, researchers have found that employees find pride in accomplishment. Our own research in hospitals suggests that even the houskeeping and laundry staffs take pride in the fact that in their own ways they are helping to cure sick people -- and thus accomplishing good deal.
We're often misled by the complaints surrounding difficult work; deep down most people regard their won capacity to conquer the tough job as the mark of their own unique personality. Complaining is just part of working After all, how else do you know who you are, except as you can demonstrate the ability of your mind to control you limbs ad hands and words? You are, in significant measure, what you can do.
Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as much as possible. Just the opposite. It is energy expenditure that is satisfying.
Just watch an employee who must deal with countless other people because his or her job is at some central point in a communications network: a salesman at a busy counter, a stock broker on the phone, a customer representative. They will tell you how much skill and experience it takes to answer countless questions and handle various kinds of personalities every hour of the day. Not everyone can interact with such persistence and over long hours, but those who do, pride themselves on a distinctive ability that contributes mightily to the running of the organization.
But work is more than accomplishment and pride in being able to command the job, because except for a few craftsmen and artists most work takes place "out in the world," with an through other people.
Esprit de corps
Perhasps an example will make the point:
I remember viewing a half dozen me in a chair factory whose job it was to bend several pieces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result. While there were ten or twelve of these "teams" that worked together, one in particular was known for its perfect coordination and lightning-like efforts. The men knew they were good. They would work spurts for twenty or thirty minutes before taking a break -- to show themselves, bystanders and other groups what it was to be superbly skilled and self-controlled, to be the best in the factory.
When I talked with them, each expressed enormous pride in being a part of the fastest, best team. And this sense of belonging to an accomplished work group is one of the distinctive satisfactions of the world of work.
One further word about work group satisfactions. Unlike may other aspects of life, relationships among people at work tend to be simpler, less complicated, somewhat less emotional. This is not to say there aren't arguments and jealousies, but, on the whole, behavioral research discloses that human relations at work are just easier, perhaps because they are more regular and predictable and thus simpler to adjust to than the sporadic, the more intense and less regular relationships in the community. And the work group also gently pressures its members to learn how to adjust to one another so that the "rough edges" are worked off because people know they must do certain things with and through one another each day.
Beyond the team and the work group, there is the organization, whether it be company or hospital or university. The same pride in being part of a well-coordinated, successful unit is derived from being part of a larger collectivity. Working for a company that is though of as being part of the best in the community can provide employees with both status and self-confidence. They assume, usually with good reason, that others regard them more highly, even envy them, and that they are more competent than the average because of this association with a "winner," a prestigious institution. We in truth bask in the reflected glory of the institution, and we seek ways of asserting our membership so that others will know and can recognize our good fortune.
New Words
contentment
n. happiness; satisfaction 滿足
civilization
n. 文明
intangible
a. that can not be touched or grasped 觸摸不到的
crucial
a. decisive; critical 決定性的,關鍵的
pschological
a. of the soul or mind 心理的
historically
ad. in the course of history, in accordance with or in respect to history
associate
vt. connect or bring together in one's mind 聯想
slavery
n. the system of having slaves; the condition of being a slave 奴隸制度;奴隸身份
sin
n. behavior that is against the principles of morality; an immoral act 罪孽
punishment
n. punishing or being punished 懲罰
complaint
n. complaining; a statement expressing unhappiness, pain, dissatisfaction 抱怨
behavioral
a. of or having to do with behavior 行為的
contribution
n. act of contributing; sth. contributed
necessity
n. sth. that is necessary; the condition of being necessary, needed or unavoidable 必需品;必要性
focus
n. the central point; centre of interest 焦點
creativity
n. the ability to proce new and orignal ideas and things; inventiveness創造性
clinic
n. building or part of a hospital where doctors give specialized medical treatment and advice; a medical institution for special purposes 診所
heal
v. (cause to) become healthy 治癒,癒合,痊癒
depressed
a. sad; low in spirits 精神抑鬱的,情緒沮喪的
depress
vt. make sad, low in spirits
renew
vt. reestablish; give new life and freshness to 使更新
gainfully
ad. profitably
acute
a. severe; strong 嚴重的,急性的
symptom
a. a change in the body's condition that indicates illness 症狀
institution
n. a society, club, college or any organization established for some public or social purpose 公共機構
workshop
n. a room of building which contains tools or machinery for making or repairing things 車間,工場
wherein
conj. in which
exert
vt. use(strength, skill, etc.) 盡力
reverse
n. the opposite; the other way round, the back 相反,背面
absence
n. non-existence; lack
retirement
n. instance of retiring or being retired; condition of being retired 退休
financial
a. relating to money 財政的;金融的
weekend
n. Saturday and Sunday, esp. when considered as a holiday from work
fend
vi. provide(for) 供養;照料
unemployment
n. the state of being unemployed
significant
a. of noticeable importance or effect 重大的
significance n.
satisfaction
n. be state of being satisfied 滿足
satisfactory a.
accomplished
a. skilled, expert 有才藝的;有造詣的
tribute
n. material evidence of one's worth, virtue, etc.
inherent
a. existing as a natural and permanent part or quality of 內在的,生來的
craftsman
n. a highly skilled workman 手藝人,(名)工匠
bicklayer
n. a workman who builds with bricks
attributable
a. that can be attributed 可歸因於……的
attribute
vt. 把……歸因為
housekeeping
n. management of a home and its affairs 家政
staff
n. the group of workers who carry on a job (全體)員工
capacity
n. ability, power; the amount that sth. can hold or proce 能力;容量
tough
a. difficult to do or deal with 艱巨的
unique
n. being the only one of its type 獨特的
limb
n. the leg, arm. or wing of an animal 肢,翼
opposite
n. a person or thing that is entirely different from another 對立面,對立物
countless
a. very many; too many to be counted
broker
n. person who buys and sells for others 經紀人,掮客
stock broker
n. a person who buys and sells stocks and bonds for other for a commission 證券經紀人
representative
n. a person acting in place of one or more others 代表
interact
vi. act on each other 相互作用
persistence
n. the act or fact of keeping on doing sth in spite of difficulty or opposition 堅持
persist vi.
distinctive
a. clearly marking a person or thing as different from other 特殊的;與眾不同的
mightily
ad. with power and strength; greatly
esprit de corps
n. (French) spirit of loyalty and devotion which unites the members of a group or society 團體精神,集體榮譽感
coordination
n. harmonious adjustment or working together 協調
coordinate vt.
lightning
閃電
bystander
n. a person standing near but not taking part in an event or activity; onlooker 旁觀者
superbly
ad. magnificently; first class
aspect
n. one side or view of a subject 方面
relationship
n. a friendship between people; connection 關系
disclose
make known; show by uncovering 揭示
sporadic
a. occurring now and then; occasional 零星發生的,偶爾的
collectivity
n. people collectively, especially as forming a community or state 集體
collective a.
status
n. (high) social or professional position 地位,身份
envy
vt. feel admiration or ill-will toward (sb.) because he has the good fortune one wishes to have 羨慕;妒忌
winner
n. one that wins or seems destined to win or be successful
prestigious
a. having respect that results from the good reputation (of a person, nation, etc.)有聲望的
bask
vi. sit or lie in enjoyable warmth and light (舒適地) 取暖,享受
reflect
vt. throw back (light, heat, sound or image) 反射;反映
assert
vt. demonstrate the existence of; declare forcefully 宣稱,斷言
membership
n. the state of being a member, of a club, society, etc. all the members of a club, society, etc.
Phrases & Expressions
associate with
connect with (often mentally) 把…與…聯系在一起
rather than
instead of
fend for oneself
look after oneself 照料自己,自行謀生
aside from
besides, apart from 除…以外
long for
desire (to have )sth. strongly 渴望
take pride in
fell please and happy because of 為…而感到得意
store up
put away for future use 儲存,儲備
pride oneself on
regard as a special reason for pride or satisfaction 以……自豪
make the/one's point
prove that sth. is true 證明一個論點
in particular
especially
at work
busy at a job; doing work
one the whole
considering everything; in general
work off
get rid of, dispose 除去,清除
Ⅳ 大學新編實用英語聽力教程1第四版答案
在嗎?你現在有答案了嗎?
Ⅵ 哪裡有新編大學英語視聽說4(浙大版)的聽力原文急用!!謝謝!
第四冊:
Ⅶ 新編商務英語聽力4原文在哪有
新編劍橋商務英語中級學生用書的音頻和聽力在普特英語網上有,我剛下了,不知道是不是你說的那個
Ⅷ 新編牛津英語學習目標與測試四年級聽力材料及答案
我喜歡。因為我們用的就是這個。
Ⅸ 請問誰有新編大學英語視聽說教程4的聽力原文
http://wenku..com/view/03a1e943a8956bec0975e35f.html?from=rec&pos=3&weight=17&lastweight=16&count=5 望採納