八年級英語下冊語法人教

Ⅰ 人教版八年級所有英語語法

5．Thanks for taking care of my dog．謝謝你照看我的狗。
6．Don't forget to clean his bed．不要忘了清掃他的床。
7．I'm going to work on my English project and then meet my friends. 我要做英語功課，然後見我的朋友。
8．I'm going on vacation tomorrow．明天我要度假。
Unit 12
close to home靠近家的
movie theater影院
comfortable seats舒適的座位
do a survey of做一個調查
play a piano piece彈一支鋼琴曲
the price of……的價格
the radio station廣播電台
think about考慮
talent show才能展示
boring TV show乏味的電視節目
a 1ot許多
1．What's the best movie theater? 哪個是最好的影院?
2．What is the best radio station? 哪個是最好的廣播電台?
3．It has the most comfortable seats．它擁有最舒適的座位。
4．What do young people think about places in town? 年輕人關於鎮上的位置是什麼看法?
5．We did a survey of our readers．我們做了一個讀者涮查。
6．Last week's talent show was a great success．上周的才能展示是一個成功。
7．She played a beautiful piano piece．她演奏了一支優美的鋼琴曲。
8．What is the most boring TV show? 最乏味的電視劇是什麼7
9．The price of a hotel room is about 320 yuan a night． 一個旅館房間的價格是每晚320元。
10．There's a lot things to do．有許多事情要做。
Review of units 7一12
make mushroom soup做蘑菇湯
a speech contest一次演講比賽
live in居住在……
creative job富有創造性的工作
arrive in到達
elementary school小學
funniest movie actor最有意思的電影演員
1．How do you make mushroom soup? 你怎麼做蘑菇湯?
2．I won a speech contest．我演講比賽獲勝。
3．Are you going to live in Beijing?你要住在北京嗎?
4．No，not an actor，another kind of creative job．不，不是做演員，而是另一種富有創造性的工作。
5．We arrived in Australia 0n August 20th．
我們在八月二十日到達澳大利亞。
6．What is the best elementary school?最好的小學是哪個?
7．Who do you think is the funniest movie actor? 你認為誰是最有意思的電影演員? 下冊a pair of一雙，一對 ask for 請求 ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干 agree with贊同 all year round一年到頭，全年 all kinds of各種，各樣 all the time一直 argue with與爭吵 around the world在世界各地 arrive in/at到達 at least至少 at a meeting在開會 at first首先 as…as possible盡可能 as…as象一樣 be able to能夠 be angry with 生氣 be mad at對感到氣憤 be good at擅長於 be careful小心 be allowed被允許 be surprised驚訝 be supposed to被期望/被要求 be interested in對感興趣 break the rule打破規則 by the way順便 complain about抱怨 come along出現，發生 come true實現，達到 come in進來 cut in line插隊 call sb. up打電話給 do/wash the dishes洗碗 drop litter亂扔垃圾 do well in在方面做得好 enjoy /finish doing sth喜歡/完成某事 end up結束 fall in love with愛上 fall asleep入睡 far from遠離 first of all首先 fly to飛向 find out找到 …find it adj. to do sth keep…down壓低聲音 keep out不讓進入 look for尋找 look smart 看起來精幹 look after照顧 look through瀏覽 let (sb) in讓進 let sbget along相處 get over克服 get annoyed生氣 get bored厭煩 get an ecation受教育 get on (well) with與相處（好） get injured受傷 give sb sth/give sth to sb給某人某物 give away贈送 go skating去溜冰 go out of從出去/來 have a fight with與打架/爭吵 have a surprise party舉行驚訝聚會 have a great/good time玩得愉快 have been to曾到過 hear about/of聽說 hundreds of好幾百 had better (not) do sth最好做 in a minute一會兒 in 100 years100年後 in good health身體健康 in front of 在前面 in the future 未來，將來 in the front of在前面 in the playground在操場 in/out of style時髦/過時 in silence默默地 in order to目的 in (Russian) style具有俄國風格 in public places在公共場合 It take sb some time to do sth.花費某人時間干某事 the same as與相同 try (not) to do sth盡力（不）干 three quarters四分之三 turn on/off打開/關掉 turn up/down開大/關小 talk to/with與談話 take care of照顧 take part in參加 take off起飛take away拿走 take place發生 take an interest in對感興趣 take care (not) to do小心（不）做 thanks for (doing)謝謝（做） wait in line排隊等候 want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干 make sb do sth使某人干 make a living (doing sth)謀生 make money賺錢 make friends with與交友 more than多於 need to do sth 需要干 not…anymore不再 not…until直到為止 not at all一點也不 on (my tenth) birthday在（我十歲）生日 on the phone在通話 on the one/other hand在一（另）方面 open up打開 put out熄滅 好不容易收集到的，希望滿意（太多拉還有如果需要請加我1413979442）

Ⅱ 人教版八年級下冊英語語法

a pair of一雙，一對
ask for 請求
ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干
agree with贊同
all year round一年到頭，全年
all kinds of各種，各樣
all the time一直
argue with與爭吵
around the world在世界各地
arrive in/at到達
at least至少
at a meeting在開會
at first首先
as…as possible盡可能
as…as象一樣
be able to能夠
be angry with 生氣
be mad at對感到氣憤
be good at擅長於
be careful小心
be allowed被允許
be surprised驚訝
be supposed to被期望/被要求
be interested in對感興趣
break the rule打破規則
by the way順便
complain about抱怨
come along出現，發生
come true實現，達到
come in進來
cut in line插隊
call sb. up打電話給
do/wash the dishes洗碗
drop litter亂扔垃圾
do well in在方面做得好
enjoy /finish doing sth喜歡/完成某事
end up結束
fall in love with愛上
fall asleep入睡
far from遠離
first of all首先
fly to飛向
find out找到
…find it adj. to do sth
keep…down壓低聲音
keep out不讓進入
look for尋找
look smart 看起來精幹
look after照顧
look through瀏覽
let (sb) in讓進
let sbget along相處
get over克服
get annoyed生氣
get bored厭煩
get an ecation受教育
get on (well) with與相處（好）
get injured受傷
give sb sth/give sth to sb給某人某物
give away贈送
go skating去溜冰
go out of從出去/來
have a fight with與打架/爭吵
have a surprise party舉行驚訝聚會
have a great/good time玩得愉快
have been to曾到過
hear about/of聽說
hundreds of好幾百
had better (not) do sth最好做
in a minute一會兒
in 100 years100年後
in good health身體健康
in front of 在前面
in the future 未來，將來
in the front of在前面
in the playground在操場
in/out of style時髦/過時
in silence默默地
in order to目的
in (Russian) style具有俄國風格
in public places在公共場合
It take sb some time to do sth.花費某人時間干某事
the same as與相同
try (not) to do sth盡力（不）干
three quarters四分之三
turn on/off打開/關掉
turn up/down開大/關小
talk to/with與談話
take care of照顧
take part in參加
take off起飛take away拿走
take place發生
take an interest in對感興趣
take care (not) to do小心（不）做
thanks for (doing)謝謝（做）
wait in line排隊等候
want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干

make sb do sth使某人干
make a living (doing sth)謀生
make money賺錢
make friends with與交友
more than多於
need to do sth 需要干
not…anymore不再
not…until直到為止
not at all一點也不
on (my tenth) birthday在（我十歲）生日
on the phone在通話
on the one/other hand在一（另）方面
open up打開
put out熄滅
pick…up撿起
pass (sth) on (to sb)傳遞
pay for 付款
part-time job兼職工作
run out of用盡
run away逃跑
rather than勝於
right away立刻，馬上
spend…on/(in) doing sth花費
seem to do sth好象干
sleep late睡懶覺
see sb do/doing sth看某人做/在做
start/begin to do/doing sth 開始干某事
adj.(special) enough夠（特別
There will be fewer/less…
--What should I do?
--You should do…
--what were you doing when…?
--I was (doing)…when…
While he was (doing)…,a girl called the police.
If you wear jeans to the party, the teachers won』t let you in.
--How long have you been skating?
--I』ve been skating since nine o』clock/for five hours.
Would you mind (not) doing sth?
Could you please (not) do sth?
Why don』t you /not (do sth)?
How/What about sth/doingsth?
do sth 讓某人干

Ⅲ 人教版八年級英語下冊的語法知識需要書上的句子!

二．重要句型、短語。
（一） 重要句型。
1．There will be less pollution, more trees and fewer cars in 100 years.
2. What should I do? You should do more exercise. You could buy some books.
3. When the man came into the room, I was reading a book.
=While I was reading a book, a man came into the room.
4. He said they would come here in 5 minutes and they were on the way.
5. We will take you to the zoo if we have free time.
6. We have been studying English for 3 years.
=We have been studying English since 3 years ago.
7. Would you mind closing the window?
= Could you please close the window?
=Please close the window.
= You have to close the window.
8. Why don』t you get her a scarf?
= Why not get her a scarf?
= How about getting her a scarf?
= Let』s get her a scarf.
9. I have been to the zoon last year.
My father has gone to Beijing now.
They have already received my letter.
10. You like playing soccer, don』t you?
You have nothing to tell me, do you?
11. It』s time for sth. It』s time to do sth. It』s time for sb to do sth.
12. find it adj (for sb) to do sth. It』s adj/n. (for sb) to do sth.
(二)重要短語的用法。
1.few, a few; little , a little.
2. many , much, a lot of , lots of
3.more, fewer, less.
4. can, be able to
5.help with sth, help sb do sth.
6.can, may must, could ,should ,might.
7.pay, spend, take, cost.
8.except, besides.
9.stop to do sth, stop doing sth. start to do sth start doing sth.
10.forget to do sth, forget doing sth.
11.try to do sth try doing sth.
12.enough+n, adj +enough, enough to do sth.
13. the same as, be different from
14.think about doing sth, complain about doing.
15. not …until, not … anymore.
16.something important, nothing to eat. something nice to drink.
17. take part in, join, enter,
18. in front of, in the front of.
19.take care of, look after.
20. surprise, be surprised to do sth
21.one… the other, another, other, others.
22. bring, take; borrow, lend.
23. be good at sth/ doing sth… be better at sth/ doing sth
24.have a good time, have a great time, have a wonderful time. have fun
25.either,either…or, neither, neither…nor, both …and
26. how, how long, how long, how often, how far, how soon, how old.
27. how many, how much.
28.Would you like some…? Yes, please, No, thanks.
29. like, be like, look like, look the same
30.Thanks for sth/ doing sth.
31.like to do sth, like doing sth, enjoy doing sth.
32.interesting, be interested in sth/ doing sth. take an interest in.
33.would you mind (not) doing sth.
34. what about..? how about…?
35. too… to so… that.
36. have been to, have gone to.
1.. __________ an English party in our school this evening.

A. There will be B. There is going to have

C. There will have D. There is going have

2. The boys often play ______ tennis after school.

A. a B. / C. the D. that

3. Alan is as _______ as Lucy in their class.

A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest

4. ______ you _____ free next weekend?

A. will, have B. will, be

C. Do, be D. Are, be

5. He _____ in three days.

A. coming back B. came back

C. will come back D. is going to coming back

6. There will be _______ people and _____ pollution in 50 years.

A. less, more B. fewer, less

C. more, more D. less, less

7. Why not ____ to thank you teachers?

A. making cards B. to make cards

C. make cards D. made cards

8. There will _____ robots in people』s homes.

A. be B. is C. are D. have

9. My life will be _____ better than it is now!

A. a lot of B. a lot C. more D. less

10. ------- ____do you go to see your parents?

------- Once a week.

A. How many B. How much

C. How long D. How often

11. Flying to the moon for vacation will ____ one day.

A. come on B. come over

C. come up D. come true

12. You ____ wash your hands before meals

A. should B. could C. would

13. _____ he was very thirsty, he didn』t drink water.

A. Though B. As C. So D. But

14. You should _____ sorry to him.

A. talk B. speak C. say D. tell

15. Please call me ______ this afternoon.

A. to B. for C. up D. with

16. Mother told her son ______ at home.

A. stayed B. to stay C. stays D. staying

17. Your clothes are ______ of style.

A. away B. far C. out D. in

18. Would you please _____ on the road?

A. not to play B. to not play

C. not play D. don』t play

19. She has ____ haircut ____ I do.

A. the same, as B. the same, with

C. same, as D. same, with

20. We are friends, we can ________.

A. get on well B. get well

C. get on well with D. on well get

21. This is _____ boy. That girl is _______.

A. an 8-year-old, 7 years old.

B. an 8-years-old, 7 years old

C. an 8-year-old, 7-year-old

D. a 8-year-old, 7- year-old

22. You can ____ some money from Jim. I think he may _____ the money to you.

A. lend, borrow B. borrow, borrow

C. borrow, lend D. lend, lend

23. I don』t have a pen. He doesn』t have a pen, _____.

A. too B. also C. as well as D. either

24. Everyone is here _____ Lily, she is ill.

A. beside B. besides C. outside D. except

25. She was cleaning her room __ I arrived at her room.

A. When B. while C. as soon as D. but

26. When the UFO arrived, I was standing ____ the big tree.

A. in the front of B. in front of

C. front D. in a front

27. My best friend visited my house while I ____ dinner in the kitchen.

A. cooked B. cooking

C. was cooking D. cook

28. I was very _____ at the ____ news.

A. surprised, surprised B. surprising, surprising

C. surprised, surprising D. surprising, surprised

29. _____ I was walking to school, I saw a cat climbing a tree.

A. When B. while C. before D. After

30. What _____ while Linda was ____ the phone?

A. happened, on B. happen, on

C. happened, at D. happen, at

31. An alien got out _____ the UFO and walked ____ the street.

A. off, on B. from, along

C. of, down D. in, in

32. They arrived ___ Paris ______ a winter evening.

A. at, in B. to, on C. in, on D. in, at

33. ---- What were you doing at this time yesterday?

---- I _______.

A. sleep B. slept C. was sleeping D. sleeping

34. If you ____ the station, please call me.

A. get B. arrive C. reach D. arrive to

35. The thief _____ the purse and _______.

A. drops, run after B. droped, ran away

C. dropped, ran away D. dropped, run away

36. We』ll go for a walk if it _____ tomorrow.

A. will not rain B. isn』t raining

C. doesn』t rain D. isn』t rain

37. She said she ____ flying to shanghai next weekend.

A. will be B. was C. is D. are

38. Please _____ the message _____ Tim.

A. pass, to B. pass, on

C. pass, with D. pass, in

39. He told me he _____ call his brother tomorrow.

A. will B. would C. shall D. can

40. ______, you should cut the bananas, then you can make the banana pie.

A. The first day B. At last

C. In the end D. First of all

41. He asked his classmate where _________.

A. does his teacher see the film

B. his teacher saw the film

C. did his teacher see the film

D. his teacher sees the film

42. He is ____ at ______ than ______.

A. good, read, listen B. better, reading, listening

C. well, reading, listening D. better, read, listen

43. Jim does ____ in math. I do ____ in math. Mary does ____ of all.

A. good, better, best B. well, better, well

C. well, good, best D. well, better, best

44. I must get up early_____ I won』t be late for school.

A. and B. but C. so D. or

45. I have _____ to tell you.

A. something excited B. exciting something

C. excited something D. something exciting

46. I said I _______ to have the party for you

A. going B. go C. was doing D. am going

47. I found ____ difficult to learn science well.

A. it B. this C. that D. me

48. I want you _____ happy.

A. be B. to be C. are D. to are

49. If it _____ fine, We』ll go to Money Island tomorrow.

A. is B. was B. is going to be D. will be

50. My father enjoys _____ to light music.

A. listens B. to listen C. listening D. listened

51. If Mary is late tomorrow, the teacher won』t _____.

A. let in her B. let her in

C. let she in D. let into her

52. Look! The traffic is moving fast. It』s ____dangerous ________ cross the street now.

A. such, to B. so, to C. much, too D. too, to

53. We ____ go on a picnic if it ____ rain next Sunday.

A. don』t, isn』t B. don』t, stop

C. shall, doesn』t D. aren』t, doesn』t

54. He was ____ tired ____ he couldn』t go on working.

A. too, to B. such, that C. so, that D. too, that

55. The radio was too noisy. Would you turn _____ a little, please?

A. down it B. it off C. off it D. it down

56. _____ bad news! We can』t go to Hainan for our holiday.

A. What B. How C. What a D. How a

57. What _____ if I _____ the food to the party?

A. will happen, take B. happen, take

C. happen, will take D. happens, will take

58. We will ____ work outside sometimes.

A. able to B. are able to C. be able to D. can

59. People will watch them _______.

A. all the time B. always

C. often D. sometimes

60. _____ the students has his ty.

A. Each B. Every C. Each of D. Every of

61. There are about _____ students in our school.

A. two thousand B. two thousands

C. two thousand of D. two thousand of

62. ---- ____ did they play basketball? ----- For an hour.

A. How long B. How soon

C. How far D. How often

63. Amy has been skating _____ two hours.

A. for about B. for since C. since D. about

64. We have been walking _____ 8 o』clock.

A. for B. at C. since D. ring

65. She ____ in Beijing since 1985.

A. lives B. are living

C. lived D. has been living

66. _____ the way, have you seen John lately?

A. On B. In C. By D. To

67. How long have you been ______ English?

A. collecting B. collected

C. to collect D. collects

68. It』s very kind ___ you ____ so much money for us.

A. for, to raise B. of, to raise

C. for, raising D. of, raising

69. Did you see him _____ on the rail tracks just now?

A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. sits

70. Beihai Park is ______ years old.

A. hundred of B. hundreds

C. three hundreds D. hundreds of

71. ------ It』s too hot, would you mind _____ the door?

------ ______, please do it now.

A. to open, OK B. opening, Certainly not

C. opening, Of course D. to open, Good

72. I』m afraid I can』t really agree _____ you.

A. for B. with C. on D. in

73. _____ you mind _____ me the way?

A. Would, to tell B. Would, telling

C. Will, tell D. Will, to tell

74. Would you mind ______ the windows. It』s too cold.

A. not open B. not opening

C. don』t open D. opening not

75. Would you please _____ in class?

A. don』t talk B. not talk

C. not to talk D. not talking

76. Before you go out of the house at night, please ____ the light.

A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down D. turn up

77. Don』t be angry, Mom. I』ll clean my room______.

A. now B. right away C. away D. just now

78. I want to get the book back, please ____ when you finish reading.

A. return me it B. return it to me

C. return it back to me D. return it me

79. ----- Stop ____, Peter. Go on with your lessons.

----- Sorry, sir. I stopped______ an eraser.

A. to talk, to borrow B. talking, to borrow

C. to talk, borrowing D. talking, borrowing

80. Doing too much homework is _____ children.

A. good for B. bad for C. bad at D. good at

81. Do you know _____ yesterday afternoon?

A. what happened him B. what he happened

C. what happened to him D. what happened to he

82. They ____ asleep for an hour.

A. have fallen B. have been C. fall D. are

83. ---- Would you mind not playing the guitar here?

---- ______.

A. Yes, I would B. No, I wouldn』t

C. Yes, of course D. Sorry, I won』t do it

84. What should we ___ our teacher ___Teachers』 Day?

A. take, on B. buy, from C. get, for D. give, to

85. Why ____ him a gift? That』s a good idea.

A. not buy B. don』t buy

C. not you buy D. not to buy

86. This is Gina』s camera. Please ______.

A. give it her B. give it to her

C. give her it D. give her to it

87. I』m sorry I don』t have _____ so many good things.

A. money enough buy B. enough money to buy

C. money enough buying D. enough money buy

88. I have _____ to buy this expensive gift for my mother, but I don』t think it』s ______.

A. enough money, personal enough

B. enough money, enough personal

C. money enough, enough personal

D. money enough, personal enough

89. What ____ the best gift Lucy _____ ever received?

A. is, has B. has, has C. is, is D. has, is

90. I would receive money ______ the usual gifts for my birthday.

A. rather than B. instead C. than

91. ----- What should I get ____ my dad?

----- A tie, I think he』ll like it.

A. to B. of C. from D. for

92. How about _______ with us?

A. going fish B. going fishing

C. go fishing D. go fish

93. I played football _________ baseball.

A. instead play B. instead of playing

C. instead to play D. instead of play

94. Don』t spend _____ time watching TV.

A. too much B. much too

C. many too D. too many

95. I think a dog is a good pet ______ an old person.

A. in B. for C. on D. of

96. It』s easy ______ the teacher』s question

A. answer B. answering

C. to answer D. answered

97. I learn English by ______, and my brothers teach ______ Japanese.

A. me, them B. me, themselves

C. myself, themselves D. myself, them

98. ----- Why don』t _____ get him some fast food?

----- Oh, no. ___________ .

A. That』s not healthy enough B. That』s boring

C. That』s too healthy D. That』s delicious

99. ----- _____ you ____ to this school for ten years?

----- Yes, I _____ here in 1994.

A. Did, come, came B. Have, been, came

C. Did, come, have been D. Have, come, came

100. ---- Did you have _____ at water world yesterday?

---- Yes, I ____ with my parents there.

A. good time, enjoyed me

B. great time, enjoyed myself

C. a great time, enjoyed myself

D. a good time, enjoyed me

101. It ____ us an hour ____ the other side of the river by boat.

A. spent, to get to B. took, to get to

C. paid, getting to D. took, getting to

102. My English teacher is a very clever man. He is good at playing the guitar _____ singing.

A. as well as B. as good as

C. so well as D. as well like

103. ----- Jim likes music.

----- ______ his sister.

A. Neither do B. So do

C. So does D. But does

104. I didn』t go to the cinema. _______ did he.

A. So B. Also C. Neither D. And

105. I』ve _____ been to Japan before.

A. usually B. always C. often D. never

106. ---- Have you ever helped _____ you didn』t know?

---- Yes, I have.

A. nobody B. someone

C. anyone D. anybody

107. ----- Let』s ______ to the aquarium.

----- That』s a good idea.

A. go B. to go C. going D. goes

108. ----- ______ have you been at this school?

----- Since 1990.

A. How long B. How much

C. How soon D. How often

109. I』ve never seen such a fine picture______ .

A. ago B. before C. yet D. later

110. The red coat ______ me fifty yuan.

A. cost B. took C. spend D. paid

111. ---- Which is the smallest number of the four?

---- ________.

A. two thirds B. A half

C. A quarter D. Three fourths

112. ----- Where is your brother?

----- He ________ to the park.

A. has been B. has gone C. is going

113. You can watch TV ____ Sunday night, ____ you?

A. on, can』t B. at can C. on don』t

114. I think the rain will stop ____ noon.

A. by B. until C. in D. on

115. ---- Thanks for _____. ---- It』s my pleasure.

A. your helping B. your help

C. help me D. you help me

116. My mother doesn』t feel ____ and she doesn』t feel like _____ anything.

A. good, eating B. well, eating

C. good, to eat D. well, to eat

117. ---- How are you ____ your classmates?

---- Very well.

A. getting on to B. getting along with

C. making on with D. making along for

118. We waited ____ the bus stop ____ about one hour.

A. at, for B. for, for C. for, at D. at, at

119. It seldom rains here in spring, ______?

A. is it B. does it C. isn』t it D. doesn』t it

120. Let』s go swimming,_______ ?

A. will you B. shall we

C. won』t you D. will we

121. The bus will stop here, ______?

A. could it. B. won』t it C. is it D. doesn』t it

122. Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night, ___?

A. did they B. do they

C. didn』t they D. don』t they

123. We』ll go shopping _____ the weekend.

A. at B. in C. for D. with

124. Nothing grows on top of the mountain,____ ?

A. do it B. doesn』t it

C. do they D. does it

125. There were some foreigners in the college, ____ ?

A. weren』t they B. were there

C. weren』t there D. doesn』t it

參考答案:

1 — 5 ABABC 6 — 10 CCABD

11—15 DAACC 16—20 BCCAA

21—25 ACDDA 26—30 BCCBA

31—35 CCCCC 36—40 CBABD

41—45 BBDCD 46—50 CABAC

51—55 BDCCD 56—60 AACAD

61—65 AAACD 66—70 CABAD

71—75 BBBBB 76—80 ABBBB

81—85 CBDCA 86—90 BBAAA

91—95 DBBAB 96—100 CCABC

101—105 BACCD 106—110 BAABA

111—115 CBAAB 116—120 BBBBB

121—125 BAADC

Ⅳ 急需！！新版人教版初二英語下冊知識點大總結

◆unit 1 Will people have robots?

知識點：
1． 形容詞，副詞的比較等級考查熱點透視：
a) 表示A與B在程度上相同時， 「as+形容詞或副詞的原級+as」結構。表示A不如B時，可用「not as/so+形容詞或副詞的原級+as」結構。
b) 表示A比B在程度上「更…..」時，可用「形容詞或副詞的比較級+than」結構
c) 表示三者或三者以上的比較，其中一個在程度上「最…..」時，常用「the+形容詞或副詞的最高級」結構，後面可帶「of/in的短語」來說明比較的范圍。（注意：副詞的最高級在句中常省略「the」.）
d) 在形容詞或副詞的比較級前，可以用「a little, even, far, much,still」的等詞語來修飾，以加強語氣。
e) 表示「越來越….」時，常用「形容詞或副詞的比較級+and+形容詞或副詞的比較級」結構，但要注意，對於多音節和部分雙音節形容詞，副詞而言，若要表達此意時，要用「more and more+形容詞或副詞的原級「結構。
f) 在表示「其中最….之一「的含義時，常使用 「one of+the+形容詞最高級形式+名詞復數」結構，其中的定冠詞the不可以省略。
g) 如果強調「兩者中比較…的（一個）」的意思時，可使用「the+形容詞比較級+其它」結構。
h) 表示「越….越….」, 可使用「the+形容詞或副詞的比較級，the+形容詞或副詞的比較級」結構。
2 .一般將來時
a) 一般將來時的構成：由助動詞shall或will加動詞原形構成，shall用於第一人稱。在口語中，will在名詞或代詞後常簡略為』ll， will not常簡略為won』t。這個時態的肯定，否定和疑問結構可表示如下：
肯定句 否定句 疑問句
I (We)shall(will) go.
You(He, She, They) will go. I(We)shall(will) not go.
You(He, She, They)will not go. Shall I(we) go?
Will you (he, she, they) go?

用」be going to +動詞原形」也可表示將來時，表示將要發生的事，打算或決定要做的事。
b)一般將來時的用法：1）表示將要發生的動作或情況；2） 不以人的意志為轉移，肯定要發生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.後天是國慶日。
3. in/after:in是指以現在時間為起點的「在一段時間以後」。也可以表示「在將來多少時間之內」，句子中的謂語動詞要用一般將來時態；after常指以過去時間為起點的「一段時間之後」，所以它與過去時態連用。當after指某個特定的未來時刻或日期之後，或指以將來某一時間為起點的若干時間之後時，它可以與將來時態連用。
4.more, less, fewer的用法區別：more為many, much的比較級，意為「更多」，可修飾可數與不可數名詞。Less是little的比較級，意為「更好，較少」，修飾不可數名詞。Fewer是few的比較級，意為「更少」，修飾可數名詞復數。
【注意】few, little表示否定「幾乎沒有」。a few, a little表示肯定「一點，幾個」。
5.would like sth意思為「想要某物「； would like to do意思為」想要做某事「。回答would like句型的一般疑問句時，其肯定回答為 「Yes, please.」;否定回答「No, thanks」或 「I』d like /love to, but….」
6. Such作形容詞，意思是「如此的」「這樣的」，修飾各種名詞。
Such這樣的。如It is such bad weather.天氣如此惡劣。?
Such常和as搭配，表示一種類別。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我們喜歡象她那樣的嗓子。?
Such常和表示結果的that從句搭配，表示「如此….以至於…」如?
It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home.
Such…that…和so…that…都可用來引出一個結果狀語從句。由於such是形容詞，所以that從句前有一個受such修飾的名詞；而so 是副詞，用以修飾形容詞或副詞，因此that從句前一般不出現名詞。如?
They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them.
The exam was so difficult that many students failed to pass it.
a) 如果名詞是可數名詞的單數形式，such和so的位置不同：
such+a/an+形容詞+單數名詞
so+形容詞+a/an+單數名詞
b) 如果名詞是不可數名詞或名詞復數，只可用such,不能用so.:
such+形容詞+不可數名詞或復數名詞
c) 如果被修飾的不可數名詞被much, little, 或復數名詞被many, few等表示量的形容詞修飾時，用so，不用such.
d) 當little表示「年紀小的」時，可用such+little+名詞。
7．be able to 為「能，會」，表示能力，在這個意義上與can的意思相同，一般情況下兩者可以互換，但can只有現在式和過去式（could）而be able to則用於更多的時態，主要體現在be的變化。兩者在用法上有一些差異：can （could）表示主觀能力不表示意願，它的將來時用will be able to而 be able to表示主觀意願強調克服困難做某事。

◆unit 2 What should I do?
知識點：
1..loud是形容詞,loud-louder-loudest意思是「響亮的」；作副詞時，常與talk, sing, laugh 等詞連用，如speak loud; loudly 「大聲地」帶有喧鬧的意味，常用來修飾shout, cry, call, knock等動詞，通常沒有比較級和最高級，作狀語；aloud 副詞，出聲地，大聲地，僅指發出聲音（以使能被聽得見）。
2．Enough為形容詞，意思是「足夠的」；enough +n.修飾名詞enough money; adj/adv+enough修飾形容詞或副詞；enough to do 足夠做某事
3．present, gift禮物：gift帶有一定的感情色彩，通常指昂貴的「禮物」，強調送禮人的誠意，有時有「捐贈」之意，多用於正式場合；present指為表達情誼，敬意或出於禮節，在某特定時刻或場合贈送的「禮物」，此禮物價值不一定高。make sb a present of把…作為禮物送給
4．borrow, lend: borrow「借入，借給」即說話人向他人借東西borrow sth from sb.; lend-lent-lent「借出，借給」即說話人把自己的東西借給他人lend sb sth= lend sth to sb
5 except，besides除…之外: except除了…都，besides強調「除了…之外還有…」在no one, nobody, nothing等詞後加介詞but也表示「除了」。
6．find out, find, look for: find out「找出，發現，查明」多指通過調查，詢問，打聽，研究之後搞清楚，弄明白或指找出較難找到的，無形的抽象的東西；find「找到，發現」通常指找到或發現有形的東西也可指偶然發現某物的某種情況，強調找的結果；look for「尋找」強調動作。
7．talk about談到，談論；talk of談到，說到；have a talk with與..談談，做報告；talk to sb對…談話；talk with sb與…交談；talk to sb和talk with sb 均表示「和某人談話」，「講話」。talk to sb比較常用，側重一方談，一方聽；talk with sb側重雙方交談；talk about sb則表示「談論某人」
8．miss 和lose:miss意思為「發現丟失」「覺得不在」；lose意思為「丟失」「失去」。在本質上，miss是一種主觀感覺，而lose是一種客觀結果。
9．be used to doing習慣於做某事；used to do過去常常，暗含與現在明顯的不同，只用於過去時；be used to do是use的被動語態，意思是….被用來做某事。
10．own 與 have: own強調的是擁有，佔有某物為自己的財產，但所佔有的東西目前不一定是由人使用，強調所有權；have為普通動詞，表示的所有關系。own +n. egWho owns the dog? ；own +賓語+賓補 eg. He owns himself wrong.；own+從句eg. He owns that he is wrong. ；of one』s own完全屬於某人自己的；on one』s own獨立地，自願地；with one』s own ears親耳
11. attend, join, take part in: attend「出席，參加，上學」attend school 上學，attend meeting出席會議；take part in 參加，是指參與某項活動 take an active part in積極參加；join 參加，當join用於加入某個團體或組織，成為其中的一員，後面直接跟名詞，當join表示參加某項活動時後面跟介詞in .

◆unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
知識點：
1． 過去進行時
a) 過去進行時由「was/were+動詞ing形式」構成。以動詞work為列，其肯定式，否定式，疑問式以及簡略答語見下表：
肯定式：I/He/She/It was working. We/You/ They were working.
否定式：I/He/She/It was not working. We/You/They were not working.
疑問式和簡略答語：Was I working? Yes, you were.
Was he working? No, he wasn』t.
【注意】was not常簡略為wasn』t; were not常簡略為weren』t
b) 過去進行時的用法：過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作。這一特定的過去時間，除有上，下文暗示以外，一般用時間狀語來表示
2． not …until直到…才。表示動作在某時之前尚未開始，直到此時動作才開始。not…until可以用after或when來代替，但主句謂語動詞要用肯定形式。Until為連詞時後接時間狀語從句，until作介詞時，後面接表示時間的名詞。Until 用於肯定句多表示動作或狀態一直延續到until所表示的時間為止，意思為「直到…」 from..till…中till往往表示不太具體的時間。From …to…或from…until常用來表示具體的時間。
3． find it…to do，it在此句中為形式賓語代表動詞不定式，動詞不定式為真正的賓語，常用於這種用法的動詞有find, feel, think, make等。
4． 「疑問詞+不定式「結構相當於一個名詞性從句，常常可用同等成分的從句代替。改寫時，只需在疑問詞後面加一個適當的主語（這個主語一般與主句的主語一致），並將不定式改成適當形式的謂語即可。如，Where to go is still a question.= Where we should go is still a question.
5． when 與while:when連接的狀語從句是個特殊句型，「前一個分句（謂語動詞用過去進行時）+when(作並列連詞，意思為「這時，突然」)+後一個分句（謂語動詞用一般過去時）」表示在前一個動作正在進行的過程中突然發生了後一個動作， when強調動作的突然性，when後面的動詞為非延續性動詞；while表示「在….過程中」，強調在一段時間內，所以while引導的從句中的謂語動詞必須為延續性動詞。在狀語從句中，若從句放在句首時，應用逗號與主句隔開。
6． 感嘆句的構成：What +a/an+形容詞+單數名詞+主語+謂語！What a good book it is!
What+形容詞+復數可數名詞+主語+謂語！What easy questions they are!
What+形容詞+不可數名詞+主語+謂語！What cold weather it is!
How+形容詞+主語+be動詞！How nice the watch is!
How +副詞+主語+謂語！How hard they are working!
8.take place, happen「發生」：take place指「發生事先計劃或預想到的事物」；happen指「一切客觀事情或情況的偶然或未能預見地發生」。兩者都是不及物動詞或短語，後面不能跟賓語，也不能用於被動語態；happen的意義很廣泛，而take place 僅用於歷史上的事件，集會等，是先行布置而後發生或舉行的事件，它不用於地震等自然界的現象。
happen to do 巧遇 sth happens to sb某人遭遇某事
9．不定代詞all, both, each,every與not連用時，只表示部分否定，在否定句中用and連接兩個賓語，表語，定語，狀語時，只表示部分否定，並且否定 and後面的部分；如用or連接句中兩個部分，則表示全部否定。如，She isn』t a bright and beautiful girl.她並不是一個既聰明又漂亮的女孩。（部分否定） She isn』t a bright or beautiful girl.她是一個既不聰明又不漂亮的女孩。（全部否定）。

◆unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
知識點：
1． 在稱述句中直接引語和間接引語的轉換：
a) 直接引語：說話人直接引用別人的原話。
b) 間接引語：說話人用自己的話把別人的意思轉述出來。
c) 直接引語一般前後要加引號；間接引語不用引號。
d) 規則：1）人稱變化：從句中的第一人稱多改為第三人稱；第二人稱根據情況改為第一或第三人稱；第三人稱不變。2）時態變化：如果主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，直接引語變為間接引語時從句的謂語動詞在時態方面要做以下變化：
直接引語 間接引語
一般現在時 一般過去時（客觀真理除外）
一般將來時 過去將來時
現在進行時 過去進行時
如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時，直接引語變為間接引語時，從句的動詞時態保持不變；直接引語如果是客觀真理變為間接引語時，時態保持不變。3）其他指示代詞，時間狀語，地點狀語和動詞等的變化。直接引語中的一些指示代詞，時間狀語和地點狀語須作相應的變化：
直接引語 間接引語
指示代詞 this這 these這些 that那 those那些
時間狀語 now現在 then那時
today 今天 that day 那天
tonight 今晚 that night那天晚上
this week 這星期 that week那個星期
yesterday 昨天 the day before前一天
last week 上星期 the week before前一個星期
ago以前 before 以前
tomorrow明天 the next/following day第二天
next week 下星期 the next week 第二個星期
地點狀語 here 這里 there 那裡
動詞 come來 go 去
【注意】1）直接引語中的時間狀語根據實際情況轉述為間接引語時，有時不需要改變，如tomorrow。如果轉述的動作發生在當天，無需改變；如果轉述的動作不在當天，則需將tomorrow變為the next day.
2.habit, practice, custom: habit指「個人由於自然條件，社會環境，愛好或經常接觸而導致可以為常的行為或特性」；practice語氣比habit弱，指「個人或大家都習慣了的做法或工作與生活的方式。」；custom指「經過一段時期在某人，地區或社會中形成的傳統習慣或風俗。」
3．bring, take, carry: bring指「從別處把東西或人帶來」「拿來」，表示將人或物帶到或拿到說話者所在的位置的這個動作；take指「把東西帶走或拿走」，表示將人或物拿開或帶離說話者所在的位置的這個動作； carry指「隨身攜帶（不說明方向）有時含有 「負擔」的意思。
4．Surprise用法：1）surprise作名詞，表示「驚奇，詫異」；2）surprise作幾物動詞（後接某人作賓語）表示「使…驚奇」；surprise的過去分詞作表語，表示「感到驚奇」；to one』s surprise表示「使…吃驚的是」；be surprised at sth/sb表示「對…感到驚奇」。
5．however 與 but:兩者均可作「但是，然而」，而且都引出並列分句。從語義上看，but所表示的是非常明顯的對比，轉折的意味較however要強；從語法上看，but是並列連詞，而however卻是連接副詞；從語序上看，but總是位於所引出的分句前，而however卻可位於句首，句中和句末，但是譯成漢語時一定要把它放在分句之首；從標點符號上看，but之後一般不使用逗號，而however則必須用逗號分開。However當連詞用時，「無論以何種方式，不管怎樣」，引導讓步狀語從句。
6．first, at first與first of all：1）first可以做副詞，意思是「首先，第一次，最初地」，指第一次做某事或首先做某事，first還可以用作形容詞，意思是「第一的，最初的，主要的，一流的」，first作名詞，意思是「首要，第一，最初」2）at first的意思是「起初，當初」，指剛剛開始做某事的時候，暗示後來的情況有所改變3）first of all的意思是「第一，最初，首先」，同first的用法相同，但語氣上比first要強，常常用來加強語氣。
7．true, real: true意思為「真的」「真正的」，強調與實際相符，而不是杜撰的，它與real相對。與to連用，意思是「忠實的」，true用作名詞，與定冠詞the連用，表示「真實，真理」等；real無此意。Real是形容詞，強調客觀存在的「真實」「實在」，不是想像的。
8．above, on,over:三者都有「在…上」之意。1）on表示兩者上下緊貼在一起2）over表示一種直接的垂直概念，但沒有上下緊貼的意思，反義詞為under.3)above既不表示垂直的上下概念，也無相互緊貼的意思，反義詞是below.

◆unit5 If you go to the party, you』ll have a great time.
知識點：
1． If引導的條件狀語從句：1）構成：if引導的條件狀語從句表示「如果…」。構成形式為「主句+一般將來時時態+if從句+一般現在時態」，或「If從句+一般現在時態，主句+一般將來時態」。2）用法：表示假設或條件
2． half 與half of的用法：1）half the class中的「half」為形容詞，意思「一半的，半個的」2） 「half of+代詞/the+名詞」中的half為名詞，意思為「一半，半個」。當該結構在句子作主語時，謂語動詞必須和該片語中的代詞或名詞保持數的一致。即當代詞或名詞為單數時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式；若所接名詞或代詞為復數，則謂語動詞用復數形式。
3. all the time與always: all the time是個副詞性的短語，意思為「一直」「始終」，表示某一特定階段開始一直到結束，不表示頻度，多置於句末。除此，all the time還有「不斷」的意思；always為表示頻度的副詞，意思為「總是」，表示動作的反復，狀態的繼續，中間沒有間斷，其反義詞為never。它與進行時態連用時，常翻譯成「總是」，「老是」，帶有贊美，厭煩，不滿等感情色彩。
4．Enough的用法：1）enough to do sth表示「足夠…可以做…」2)enough也可以用「for+賓語+to do sth的結構」3）enough修飾名詞時前面不用冠詞4）當主語是代詞時，enough可以作表語。當主語是名詞時，enough不能做表語。
5．Choose的用法：1）choose+名詞 意思為「選擇…」；2）choose+between/from從…中選擇；3）choose to do選擇做某事
6．Exercise的用法：1)運動，鍛煉，是不可數名詞2）體操，練習，是可數名詞。3）動詞，使….運動
7．wear, put on, have on, dress: wear「穿著」「戴著」，表示狀態，是延續性動詞，一般現在時表示經常狀態，現在進行時表示暫時狀態；put on「穿上」「戴上」，表示動作，是非延續性動詞；have on「穿著」「戴著」，表示狀態可以與wear互換；dress「穿上」「穿著」，既表示狀態，也表示動作，既可以作及物動詞，也可以作不及物動詞。Dress作及物動詞，表示「給自己或別人穿（衣服）」，賓語是人，常用被動語態。dress oneself給。。穿衣服。dress up化裝
8．a lot, a lot of與lots of三者都有「許多，很多」的意思。a lot of, lots of一般用於肯定句，後接可數名詞復數或不可數名詞；a lot作名詞時=a lot of thins,作副詞，修飾動詞或形容詞，副詞比較級。

Ⅳ 人教版八年級下冊英語書一單元Grammar Focus翻譯成中文。

What's the matter?
你有什麼問題么？
I have a stomachache.
我得了胃病
You shouldn't eat so
much next time
下一次你不能吃那麼多了
What's the matter with Ben?
Ben有什麼問題么？
He hurt himself. He has a sore back.
他傷到了他自己，他後背痛
He should lie down and rest.
他應該躺下休息
Do you have a fever?
你發燒了么？
Yes, I do./No, I don't./l don't know.
是的/不，不是的/不，我不知道
Does he have a toothache?
他有牙病么？
Yes, he does.
是的，他有
He should see a dentist and get an X-ray.
他應該看牙醫和拍X光
What should she do?
她應該怎麼樣
She should take her temperature.
她應該量體溫
Should I put some medicine on it?
我應該撒上一些葯在傷口上么？
Yes, you should./No, you shouldn't.
是的，你需要/不，你不需要

Ⅵ 人教版初二英語下冊語法

現在進行時

現在進行時的基本用法

1.表示說話時正在進行的動作

常和now 連用，有時用一個look、listen ,來表now 這一時間概念。

*Look! A train is coming .看，火車來了。

*Listen! He is playing the piano.聽，他在彈琴。

2.表示現階段正在進行的動作

但不一定是說話時正在進行。常和at present ,this week ,these days…等時間狀語連用。

*What lesson are you studying this week?你們本周學哪一課了？（說話時並不在學）

3.現在進行時有時可用來表示一個在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作

即是說可以用來代替將來時，但此時，一般要與表示將來時的時間狀語連用，而且僅限於少量動詞。如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return . sleep

*Are you going to Tianjin tomorrow? 你明天去天津嗎?

*How many of you are coming to the party next week? 你們有多少人下周要來參加晚會？

三、一般將來時

█一般將來時

1.be going to+ 動詞原形~

對於將要發生的事，或打算、計劃、決定要做的事情時，皆以be going to + 動詞原形的句型來表示。

因此此句型有be動詞，所以是否用am, is, are ,決定於主語。

1.肯定句：主語+be (is, am, are) going to +動詞原形

I am going to play football next Sunday.

下周日我打算踢足球。

◇He is going to travel around the world. 他計劃周遊世界。

◇They are going to meet outside the school gate. 他們打算在校門口見面。

◇It is going to rain. 要下雨了。

2.否定句：主語+be (am, are, is) not going to +動詞原形

We are not going to have any classes next week. 下周我們不上課。

◇I』m not going to be a teacher. 我不打算當老師。

◇He isn』t going to see his brother tomorrow. 他明天不準備去看他哥哥。

3.疑問句：Be (Am, Is, Are) +主語+ going to + 動詞原形

◇Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up? 你長大了，打算當一名醫生嗎？

Yes, I am. 是的，我打算當。

No, I』m not. 不，我不打算當。

will 同be going to 的用法相同

以今天為起點的所有將來時間，如：

this afternoon / this evening = tonight / tomorrow/

tomorrow morning / afternoon / evening ,

the day after tomorrow / next week ,

next Wednesday / next month,

next September / next year.

★ 「be going to + 動詞原形」 表示計劃、打算、將來發生的動作，常和this afternoon （今天下午），this evening = tonight （今晚），tomorrow （明天），tomorrow morning (afternoon , evening ) （明早，午，晚），the day after tomorrow（後天），next Sunday （下個星期天）， next week (下周)， next month (下個月)， next year (明年)等的時間狀語連用，前不加任何介詞。另外，動作性動詞go ,come 和leave 等的現在進行時表示一般將來時動作。

四、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級

1．比較級：句子表示兩者之間的比較時用比較級，其標志詞是than, much, a little , even和still等。

e.g. ① Her hair is much longer than mine. 她的頭發比我的長多了。

② I』m a little older than you. 我比你大一點兒。

2．最高級：句子表示三者或多者的比較時用最高級，其標志詞是表示範圍的in…或of …介詞短語。在句子中，形容詞最高級前必須加the。

e.g. ① The boy is the tallest in our class. 這個男孩是我們班最高的。

② Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?

★形容詞的比較級和最高級：

形容詞有三種等級：原級、比較級、最高級。

3．原級：句中只有一者時用原級，其標志詞是very, so, too, quite等。

e.g. His handwriting is very good.他的書法很好。 （一個人不作比較。）

★ 形容詞比較級和最高級的構成：

1.一般在原級後加er 構成比較級，加est構成最高級。

e.g. small smaller smallest
young younger youngest

2.以不發音的字母e 結尾的形容詞，直接加r 或st 構成比較級和最高級。

e.g. nice nicer nicest
late later latest

3.以輔音字母+y 結尾的形容詞，變y為i ，再加er 或est, 構成比較級和最高級。

e.g. busy busier busiest
heavy heavier heaviest

4.在重讀閉音節中，末尾只有一個輔音字母的形容詞，要先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加er或est， 構成比較級和最高級。

e.g. hot hotter hottest
big bigger biggest

5.個別形容詞的比較級和最高級是不規則變化，需個別記憶。

e.g. good (well) better best
bad (badly, ill) worse worst
many (much) more most
little less least
far farther farthest
或 further furthest

★ 副詞的比較級和最高級：

1.以ly 結尾的副詞，除early 變為 earlier 和 earliest 外， 其餘一律在其前加more 和most。 如：carefully – more carefully – most carefully

2.規則變化直接加er 和 est 。 如：fast – faster—fastest

3.個別詞是不規則變化，需要特別記憶。

4.句子中，副詞最高級前的the 可省略也可以不省略，但形容詞最高級前面的the 絕對不能去掉。
e.g. Who runs (the) fastest, Tom, Jim or Mike?

五、提建議的表達方法、表示需要、詢問方向、指點方向

★ 表示建議的基本句型

1. Shall I / we + 動詞原形？

2. Why don』t you + 動詞原形 = Why not + 動詞原形

3. Let』s + 動詞原形

4. What/ How about + doing sth.

★ 表示需要的基本句型

1.表示需要用need。 它可當情態動詞和行為動詞用。

e.g. ① We need your help.（行為動詞）
我們需要你的幫助。

② They need finish reading the book today. (情態動詞)
他們需要今天看完這本書。

2.詢問方向，主要有以下幾種表達方式：

⑴ Is there a bus station near here? 附近有汽車站嗎？

⑵ Where is the nearest bus stop / station? 最近的汽車站在哪裡？

⑶ Which is the way to the bus station ? 去汽車站的路是那一條？

⑷ How can I go to the bus station? 如何去公共汽車站？

3.指點方向，主要有以下幾種表達方式：

⑴ Go / walk along the road / street. 沿著這條路/街走。

⑵ Take the first (second…) turning on the right / left. 在第一（二……）個路口向右/左轉。

⑶ It』s next to (in front of , behind…) 它在……旁邊（前面，後面……）

⑷ It』s about a hundred metres along on the left. 它在左前方大約一百米處。

⑸ Turn right / left. = turn to the right / left. 向右/左拐。

六、一般過去時

◆一般過去時主要表示過去的動作或狀態。在句子中由主語+動詞的過去式來表達。

1.He walks to school. (一般現在時)

2.He walked to school. (一般過去時)

例如：
例1．中的動詞walks時現在式, 由於主語是第三人稱單數he， 因此原因的walk必須加上 「s」,表示目前習慣性、經常性動作。可譯為「他現在經常步行上學」。

例2．中的動詞walked是過去式，過去式是敘述過去事情的動詞形式，所以這句話時表示的是過去的某時，例如昨天、上周或學生時代等過去的某一時間，這句可譯為「他曾經步行上學」。

◆be 動詞的過去式

be 動詞的過去時的句型如下：

肯定句： 主語 +be動詞的過去式（was, were）~

否定句： 主語 + be動詞的過去式（was, were）+ not ~

疑問句： be動詞的過去式（was, were）+ 主語 ~？

○He was busy yesterday. (肯定句) 他昨天很忙。

○He was not busy yesterday. (否定句) 他昨天不忙。

○Was he busy yesterday? (疑問句) 他昨天忙嗎？

1.be動詞過去時的肯定句
Mike was in the United States last year. 麥克去年在美國。

比較be 動詞的現在式和過去式：

There is (are ) 的句型用於一般過去時需把is ，are 變為它們的過去式：There was (were) …

2.be動詞過去式的否定句
He was not in Canada last year.
他去年不在加拿大。

be動詞過去時的否定句的結構和現在時一樣，只要在be動詞過去式（was, were）後面加上not就可以了。否定式的was not , were not 大多使用縮寫形式wasn』t 和 weren』t .

○I wasn』t busy the other day.
前幾天我不忙。

3.be動詞的過去時的疑問句（一般疑問句/特殊疑問句）
Was it raining in Beijing yesterday?
No, it wasn』t . I t was cloudy.
昨天北京下雨了嗎？不，沒下雨。昨天北京陰天。

be 動詞過去時一般疑問句的結構和一般現在時一樣，只要把be 動詞的過去式was, were 調到主語前面即可。 was (were ) + 主語 ~？ 回答時，需要用Yes, … was (were) .或 No… wasn』t (weren』t)

○Was your father free this morning? 今天上午你爸爸有空嗎？
Yes, he was . 是的，他有空。
No, he wasn』t . 不，他沒空。

◆一般動詞的過去時

一般動詞過去式的基本句型如下：

肯定句： 主語+ 動詞的過去式~

否定句： 主語+ did not + 動詞原形~

疑問句： Did + 主語 + 動詞原形~？

○He played tennis last week. (肯定句) 他上周打網球了。

○He did not play tennis last week. (否定句) 上周他沒打網球。

○Did he play tennis last week? (疑問句) 上周他打網球了嗎？

1.一般動詞過去式的肯定句
We had a good time yesterday.
昨天我們過得很愉快。

He had a good time yesterday.
昨天他過得很高興。

一般過去時沒有人稱和數的變化。因此，主語即使是單數、第三人稱，也和其他人稱一樣變化。

○I watched TV for an hour.
我看了一個小時的電視。

○She studied Russian two years ago.
兩年前他學俄語。

2.一般動詞過去時的否定句

We did not have a good time yesterday.
昨天我們過得不好。

一般動詞過去時的否定句的結構和一般現在時夠定句的結構一樣， 不論主語是第幾人稱，還是單、復數，在主語後面加上did not （而不是do not ,或 does not）就可以了。

否定式did not 常用縮寫形式didn』t 。

○He didn』t have classes this morning.
今天上午他沒課.

○You didn』t do your best to do it.
你沒有盡力去做。

3.一般動詞過去時的疑問句

Did he go there?
他去那了嗎？

Yes, he did. (No, he didn』t .) 是的，他去了。 （不，他沒去。）

When did you get up this morning? At six.
今天早晨你幾點鍾起床的？ 六點鍾。

一般動詞過去時一般疑問句的結構和一般現在時一般疑問句的結構一樣，無論主語是第幾人稱，單數、復數，在主語前面加上did即可。

○Did Tom go with you?
湯姆和你一起去的嗎？

Yes, he did . (No, he didn』t .)
是的。（不，不是的）

○How many subjects did you study last term?
上學期你們學習幾門功課？

We studied seven.
我們學習七門課。

比較一般動詞的現在時和過去時

一般現在時
一般過去時

肯定句
I go ~.

He goes ~.
I went ~.

He went ~.

否定句
I don』t go ~.

He doesn』t go ~.
I didn』t go ~.

He didn』t go ~.

疑問句
Do you go ~?

Does he go ~ ?
Did you go ~?

Did he go ~?

◆一般過去時的基本用法

1.帶有確定的過去時間狀語時，要用過去時

如：yesterday (昨天) , two days ago（兩天前）, last year（去年）., the other day（前幾天）, once upon a time（過去曾經） , just now（剛才）, in the old days（過去的日子裡）, before liberation（解放前）, when I was 8 years old（當我八歲時）.

2.表示過去連續發生的動作時，要用過去時

這種情況下，往往沒有表示過去的時間狀語，而通過上下文來表示。

○The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain , and died.
那男孩把眼睛張開了一會兒，看看船長，然後就去世了。

3.表示過去一段時間內經常反復的動作。

常與always, never 等連用。

○Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.
彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。
（只是說明她過去的動作，不表明她現在是否常帶著傘。）

試比較：
○Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.
彼得太太老是帶著傘。
（說明這是她的習慣，表明她現在仍然還習慣總帶著一把傘。）

○I never drank wine.
我以前從不喝酒。
（不涉及到現在，不說明現在是否喝酒。）

4.如果強調已經終止的習慣時要用used to do

○He used to drink.
他過去喝酒。
（意味著他現在不喝酒了。喝酒這個動作終止了。）

5.有些句子，雖然沒有表示過去確定時間的狀語，但實際上是指過去發生的動作或存在的狀態的話，也要用過去時，這一點，我們要特別注意。

○I didn』t know you were in Pairs.
我不知道你在巴黎。
（因為在說話時，我已經知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說話前，所以只能用過去時表示。實際上，這句話暗指：But now I know you are here.）

○I thought you were ill.
我以為你病了呢。
（這句話應是在說話前，我以為你病了，但是現在我知道你沒病。）

七、反意疑問句
█.反意疑問句 (Tag questions)

在陳述句之後加上一個意思與之相反的簡短問句，這種句子叫做反意疑問句。反意疑問句必須由意思相反的兩部分組成，在前一部分（陳述句）之後用逗號，後一部分（簡短問句）之後用問號。反意疑問句的否定句必須用縮略形成，同時它的主語必須用人稱代詞，不能用名詞。前一部分用降調，後一部分在表示疑問句時用升調。

反意疑問句分為兩類：

1.前一部分為肯定式，後一部分是否定式。

2.前一部分為否定式，後一部分是肯定句。

★陳述句（肯定式），+ 疑問部分（否定式）？

1.be 動詞和一般動詞（實意動詞）構成的反意疑問句

be動詞句型
現在…… ,isn』t (aren』t ) + 主語？
過去……, wasn』t (weren』t ) + 主語？

一般動詞句型：
現在…… , don』t (doesn』t ) + 主語？
過去…… , didn』t + 主語？

◇The pen is yours, isn』t it?
這筆是你的，不是嗎？

◇Lucy likes English, doesn』t she?
露西喜歡英語，不是嗎？
Yes, she does. 是的，她喜歡。
No, she doesn』t 不，她不喜歡。

2.情態動詞的反意疑問句

◇Your brother can swim, can』t he?
你的哥哥會游泳，不是嗎？
Yes, he can.
No, he can』t.

◇We have to finish it, don』t we?
我們不得不完成它，不是嗎？
Yes, we do.
No, we don』t.

◇The workers had to take the first bus, didn』t they?
工人們不得不上頭班車，不是嗎？
Yes, they did.
No, they didn』t.

★陳述句（否定式），+ 疑問句（肯定句）？

這種反意疑問句的結構和第一部分一樣，只不過顛倒一下肯定句和否定句的位置。 這部分的難點在於回答，回答和漢語習慣不同。 在這種問句中，先不要管yes和no ，按實際情況，如果答語是肯定式的，就要用Yes + 肯定結構，如果答語是否定的，就要用No+ 否定結構

◇You aren』t a teacher, are you?
你不是老師，是嗎？
Yes, I am. 不，我是。
No, I am not. 是的，我不是。

◇You don』t study Chinese, do you?
你們不學中文，是嗎？
Yes, we do. 不，我們學中文。

◇Your classmates didn』t have a good time last summer, did they?
你的同學們去年暑假沒過好，是嗎？
Yes, they did. 不，他們過得很好。
No, they didn』t. 是的，他們過的不好。

★其他類型的反意疑問句

1.祈使句的反意疑問句

a．在肯定的祈使句後，為了使祈使句聽起來比較婉轉、客氣，可加一個簡短的問句，如：Will you? would you? won』t you? can you ? could you ? can』t you?最常見的是will you ？或 won』t you?

◇Open the window, will you?
請打開窗子，好嗎？

b.在let』s 祈使句後加上shall we? 或 shan』t we? 在let us (me , him…)後加上will you? 或won』t you?

2.陳述部分如果有表示否定意義的某些詞，如：never, seldom, hardly, few, little, nobody, no one, nothing, neither…,疑問部分必須用肯定式。

3.陳述部分是there be 結構時，疑問部分用there，省略主語代詞。

4.陳述句部分如果有everything, nothing …. 表示事物的詞作主語時，疑問部分的主語用it ，陳述部分如果有everyone , no one, someone ….. 表示人的不定代詞作主語時，疑問部分常用they （有時也用he）.

◇Everything here is dirty, isn』t it?
這的所有東西都臟，不是嗎？

八、邀請和應答、請求許可

█英語中表達請求允許的句型很多，在不同的場合要用不同的句式來表達。

1.常見表示「請求」「允許」的句式。

① May I …? 我可以干……嗎？

② Can / Could I … ? 我能幹……嗎？

③ Shall I / we … ? 我/咱們干……好嗎？

④Would you like / love to …? 你願意干……嗎？

⑤Will (would) you please…? 請你干……好嗎？

⑥What / How about doing …? 干……怎麼樣？

2.常見「應答」的句式：

①Yes, of course. 當然可以。

②Sure/ Certainly. 當然可以。

③That』s OK. / That』s all right. 好吧，行。

④Yes, please. 好的，請（做吧）。

⑤I』d love / like to. 很樂意。

⑥With pleasure. 很樂意。

⑦Good idea! 好主意。

3.表示「不允許」的答語有：

①I』m sorry, but …… 對不起，不過……

②I』m sorry , but …. 對不起,你不能。

③You』d better not …. 你最好別……

④I』m afraid I can』t. 恐怕我不行。

⑤No, thanks. 不，謝謝。

Ⅶ 2014人教版新目標八年級下冊英語語法匯總

一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或者存在的狀態。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如
tomorrow,
the
day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years
等。

be going to do

（動詞原形）結構：表示打算、准備做的事情或者肯定要發生的事情。如：
It is going to rain.

will do

結構表示將來的用法：

1.
表示預見

Do you think it will rain?

You will feel better after a good rest.

2.
表示意圖

I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.

What will she do tomorrow?

基本構成如下：

一般疑問句構成：

（
1
）
will+
主語
+do
„
? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?

（
2
）
there be
結構的一般疑問句：
Will there + be
„
?

Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won』t

否定句構成：
will + not
（
won』t
）
+do

Sarah won』t come to visit me next Sunday.

特殊疑問句構成：

特殊疑問詞＋
will
＋主語＋„？
What will Sarah do next Sunday?

★★練一練★★

根據例句，用
will
改寫下列各句

例：
I don』t feel well today.
（
be better tomorrow
）

I』ll be better tomorrow
.

1. Gina has six classes today.
（
have a lot of homework tonight
）

_____________________________

2. I』m tired now.
（
sleep later
）

_____________________________

3. My parents need a new car.
（
buy one soon
）

_____________________________

4. We can』t leave right now.
（
leave a little later
）

_____________________________

5. The weather is awful today.
（
be better tomorrow
）

_____________________________
答案：
1. She』ll have a lot of homework tonight.

2. I』ll sleep later.

3. They』ll buy one soon.

4. We』ll leave a little later.

5. Maybe it』ll be better tomorrow.

Ⅷ 初二下冊英語（人教版）的語法

一、被動語態概述

語態是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關系。英語的語態共有兩種：主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態。漢語往往用"被"、"受"、"給"等詞來表示被動意義。

如：

Heopenedthedoor.他打開了這扇門。（主動語態）

Thedoorwasopened.這扇門被打開了。（被動語態）

二、被動語態的構成

被動語態由"助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞"構成。被動語態的時態變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。

1、被動語態的時態較常見的八種，現以動詞clean為例列表說明：

2、被動語態的句式變化：

以一般現在時和動詞invite為例，列表說明被動語態的句式變化：

3、含有情態動詞的被動語態

情態動詞的被動語態結構為：情態動詞+be+過去分詞；其時態及句型的變化僅由情態動詞完成，"be+過去分詞"部分不變。如：

Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石頭製造。

.那時桌子可由石頭製造。（一般過去時）

Cantablesbemadeofstone?桌子能用石頭製造嗎？（疑問句）

三、主動語態變為被動語態

轉換圖示：

1、主動語態變為被動語態的步驟：

（1）將主動句的賓語變為主語：

注意：如果主動句的賓語是代詞，需將其由賓格變為主格。如：

Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.

（2）將動詞改為"be+過去分詞"。

注意：Theyheldameetingyesterday.→.他們昨天開會了。

（3）將主動語態的主語改為be…放在謂語動詞後。

注意：如果原主語是代詞，則應由主格變為賓格。

Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.

2、主動語態變為被動語態的注意事項：

含有雙賓語，即直接賓語（常指事物）和間接賓語（常指人）的句子，每個賓語都可變為被動語態的主語，即其被動語態有兩種形式。但多以間接賓語作主語。

Jacktolsthetruth.傑克告訴了我們真相。

WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.

Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.

四、動詞的主動形式表示被動之意

系動詞無被動語態：以主動形式表示被動之意

常見的系動詞有：

①be動詞

②……起來（7個）：look/seem/appear,feel(感覺，摸起來),sound,smell,taste

e.g.Sheseems/appearshappy.Itsmellsterrible.

③(逐漸)變得/變成：become,grow,get,turn,come,go

e.g.Hiswishhascometrue.

.

Thetreeisgrowingtall.

④保持：keep,stay

e.g..

五、下列動詞（片語）沒有被動式：

1、happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,take

2、不及物動詞sell,wash,read,write,open,close,shut,lock,wear等，常用主動形式表示被動意義。

○1、.（×）昨天發生了一起事故。

Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.

○2、Theflowersmellssweet.這花聞起來很香。

○3、Thewatchlooksgood.這表看起來很好。

○4、Thisbooksellswell.這本書暢銷。

○5、Thekindofclothwasheswell.這種布很容易洗。

○6、Thearticlereadswell.這篇文章讀起來很好。

○7、Thesupermarketopensat8:00inthemorning.超市在早上八點鍾營業。

○8、Thedoorwon'tclose/shut.這門關不上。

○9、Thedoorlockseasily.這門容易鎖。

○10、Thismaterialwearswell(won'twear).這種材料耐久（不耐久）

望採納！！謝謝！！！

Ⅸ 初二人教版英語重點語法

常見動詞不定式片語、句型用法總結
.固定用法(非謂語動詞)：以下是帶to的動詞不定式常見搭配
★希望做某事hope to do sth. ★決定做某事decide to do sth
★同意做某事agree to do sth. ★需要某人做某事need to do sth.
★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth ★迫不及待做某事can』t wait to do
★准備做某事get/be ready to do ★盡力/努力做某事try to do sth
★ 計劃做某事plan to do sth. ★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.
★輪流做某事take one』s turns to do sth. ★拒絕做某事refuse to do sth.
★告訴某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.★請某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.
★想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth. ★不得不have to do
★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth. ★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.
★喜歡/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth.★encourage sb to do鼓勵某人做
★幫助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do
★It』s one』s turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事 例:It your turn to clean the blackboard.
★It』s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事時候了 例:It』s time for me to go home.
★It』s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 對於某人來說做某事是……
例: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so.
★It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某時間
例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike. 2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night. 3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work.
★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能 例: He was to angry to say a word.
★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.發現/認為/感到做某事是… I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well.
★序數詞+to do 第…..個做某事 例句:Who is the first to get there?
★我不知/忘記了怎麼辦。I didn't know/forgot what to do.
★離開房間時不要忘記/記住關燈
例句:Don』t forget/Remember to turn off the lights when you left the room
★be+adj+to do sth 例句:I am very sorry to hear that. I am ready to help others. I am happy / pleased / glad to meet you.
順口溜：本領最多不定式，主表定補賓和狀；樣樣成分都能幹，只有謂語它不敢；大家千萬要小心，有時它把句型改；作主語時用it，自己在後把身藏；七個感官三使役，賓補要把to甩開；疑問詞後接上它，賓語從句可充當；邏輯主語不定式，不定式前加for sb.；to前not是否定，各種用法區別開。
以下是不帶to的動詞不定式(即動詞原形)的常見用法
★ let sb. do sth讓某人做某事 ★ make do sth使得某人做某事
★ hear do sth do sth聽見某人做某事 ★see do sth do sth看見某人做某事
★why not/why don』t you +動原？為什麼不.?Why not/Why don』t you take a walk?
★ 某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事
★情態動詞can/may /must /should+ 動詞原（包括情態動詞的否定形式+動詞原形）
★ 助動詞do/does/did/will/would在構成疑問句或者構成否定句即don』t /doesn』t /didn』t /will not /would not+ 動詞原形
★ be going to + 動詞原形（表示「即將」「打算」 做某事）
使用-ing分詞的幾種情況
1.在進行時態中。He is watching TV. They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be結構中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems結構中。如：We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介詞後面。如：Thanks for helping me. Are you good at playing basketball？
What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎麼樣? I am interested in playing football.
5.在以下結構中 1. enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事；
2. finish doing sth； 完成做某事； 3.feel like doing sth 想要做某事；
4. stop doing sth 停止做某事（原來的事） 5.forget doing sth 忘記做過某事
6. go on doing sth 繼續做某事（原來的事）；7.remember doing sth 記得做過某事
8. like doing sth 喜歡做某事； 9.find /see/hear/watch sb doing發現/看到/聽到/觀看某人做
10. try doing sth 試圖做某事； 11. need doing sth 需要做某事；
12. prefer doing sth 寧願做某事； 13.mind doing sth 介意做某事；
14. miss doing sth 錯過做某事； 15.practice doing sth 練習做某事；
16. be busy doing sth 忙於做某事；17.can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事；
18.waste time/money doing 浪費時間/錢做; 19.keep sb.doing 讓…始終/一直做…
20. stop sb.(from)doing 阻止某人做某事
21. prefer doing A to doing B=like A better than B喜歡做B更喜歡做A
22. 「do some +doing」短語 如：do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking
23．「go doing」短語去做某事（主要指文娛活動等）如：go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing（滑雪/go boating /go hunting (打獵)
.注意動詞的過去分詞的常見搭配: I feel(am/was) excited/ surprised/ amazed /interested /tired/pleased/worried/lost
Keep…closed/ a boy called/named Tom