八上英語課本語法

A. 8年級上冊英語語法

八年級英語上 語法復習
*一般現在時態的否定和疑問形式．
否定和疑問形式都要藉助do/does.
I like my picture.
--- I don』t like my picture.
--- Do you like your picture?
---What do you like?
She likes purple.
--- She doesn』t like purple.
---Does she like purple?
--- What does she like?
2.The Present Perfect Tense.
1.構成:助動詞have/has+動詞的過去
分詞,即:have/has done, 現在以動詞
work為例子將現在完成時態的肯定
形式, 否定形式和疑問形式及簡略答
語講解一下.
*肯定形式:
I /You have worked.
He/She/It has worked.
We/You/They have worked.
*否定形式:
I /You have not worked.
He/She/It has not worked.
We/You/They have not worked.
*疑問形式及簡略答語:
Have I /you worked?
Yes, you/I have.
No, you/I have not.
Has he/she/it worked?
Yes, he/she/it has.
No, he/she/it has not.
Have we/you /they worked?
Yes, you/we/they have.
No, you/we/they have not.
2. 基本用法:
A: 表示過去發生或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成影響或結果.
I have just washed my clothes.
* 洗衣服是過去發生的動作, 對現在造成的結果是 「衣服洗干凈了」 .
B:表示過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態, 常和表示從過去某一時刻延續到現在包括 「現在」 在內的一段時間狀語連用.
We have learned English for two years.
3. 現在完成時常和already, yet, sometime, always, never, ever, before, just等詞連用, 也可以和包括現在在內的this morning, today, this week, this year等時間狀語連用.
I have written 3 English e-mails today.
今天我已經寫了三封英文電子郵件了.
I have painted six new pictures this week.
這周我已經畫了六幅新畫.
I have seen you before.
我以前見過你.
4. 現在完成時和一般過去時的區別:
現在完成時態表示過去發生的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果, 強調的是現在的情況, 所以不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用, 如:yesterday, last year, two days ago, just now, in 2000等.而一般過去時態只表示過去的動作或狀態, 和現在不發生關系, 要和表示過去的時間狀語連用. 試比較:
I have read the book.
我已經讀過這本書.
I read the book last year.
我去年讀了這本書(只說明去年讀了這本書, 不涉及現在的情況.)
He has worked here since 1998.
1998年以來他一直在這里工作.(他現在還在這里工作)
He worked here in 1998.
1998年他在這里工作.(不涉及現在他是否在這里工作)
She has been a teacher for twenty years.
她當老師20年了.(她現在還是老師)
She was a teacher for twenty years.
她當了20年老師.(不涉及現在是不是老師)
5. 動詞過去分詞的構成:
*規則變化: 和過去式變化規則相同
A: 動詞原形+ed: played, wanted, worked
B: 以不發音的e結尾的詞加d: loved, liked, used
C: 以輔音字母+y結尾的詞, 先變y加為i, 再加ed:
study—studied, try—tried, worry--worried
D:末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節詞, 先
雙寫這個輔音字母， 再加ed:
stopped, planned, dropped,
* 不規則變化：需掌握規律, 逐一熟記.
A:詞形不變: cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, let-let-let
B:過去式和過去分詞相同:
dig-g-g, feel-felt-felt
C:過去式加n /en構成過去分詞:
speak-spoke-spoken, break-broke-broken
choose-chose-chosen
D:動詞原形中間母音字母i改a變為過去
式,i改u變為過去分詞:
begin-began-begun, drink-drank-drunk
E:從原形變為過去分詞:
come-came-come, do-did-done,
go-went-gone
Grammar3:
Tag Questions
反意疑問句:
1. 概念: 反意疑問句表示提問者有一定的主見, 但沒有把握,希望對方來證實.
2. 構成:反意疑問句由兩部分構成, 前一部分是對事物的陳述, 後一部分是簡短提問.如果前一部分用肯定形式， 後一部分就用否定形式， 如果前一部分用否定形式, 後一部分就用肯定形式. 兩部分的人稱和時態要一致.
3.語調:反意疑問句陳述部分用降調, 提問者對陳述部分把握大時,後一部分用降調, 把握不大時, 用升調
4.例句:
---The weather here in summer is very hot,
isn』t it?
---Yes, it is.
---You like swimming, don』t you?
---No, I don』t.
---He hasn』t come back, has he?
--- No, he hasn』t.
5. 注意:
*前一部分主語是名詞, 後一部分則相應的變為代詞:
Li Ming is a boy, isn』t he?
*前一部分謂語動詞是實義動詞, 則後一部分要相應使用助動詞.
Tom likes English, does he?
*對反意疑問句的回答,不管怎麼提問,
如果事實是肯定的， 就用yes, 事實
是否定的就用no, 這和漢語不同，
要特別注意.
*前一部分是祈使句, 後一部分則用
will you?/won』t you?
Grammar4 :
The Possessive Case of Nouns
1.單數名詞: 加』s
讀音:清輔音後讀/s/, 濁輔音和母音後
讀/z/
例如:Mike』s dog , John』s bike
2. 以s為結尾的復數名詞:加』
讀音: 讀音不變
例如: Teachers』 Day,
the students』 reading room
3. 不以s結尾的復數名詞: 加』s
讀音:清輔音後讀/s/, 濁輔音後和元
音後讀/z/
例如:Women』s Day
the Children』s Palace
men』s room
A:如果是兩個人共有的東西, 則在後一個名詞後加』s, 如果不是兩個人共有的東西, 則在兩個名詞之後都加』s:
Lucy and Lily』s room
Lucy』s and Lily』s rooms
B:表示住家， 店鋪時, 名詞所有格後面一般省略掉它所修飾的名詞:
at my uncle』s=at my uncle』s home
at the barber』s=at the barber』s shop
C:有表示時間,距離,國家等的名詞, 也可以加』s表示所有格:
today』s evening paper
今天的晚報
five minutes』 walk
步行五分鍾的路程
China』s agriculture中國的農業
Grammar5:
positive sentences 肯定句
negative sentences 否定句
interrogative sentences 疑問句
* 陳述句用來敘述一項事實, 分為肯定句和否定句.
*肯定/否定句
I am a student in junior school.
I am not a student in junior school.
謂語如果是be變成否定要直接在其後面加not.
I work in a middle school here.
I don』t work in a middle school.
謂語如果是實意動詞, 要加don』t/ doesn』t/didn』t
He doesn』t like English. (三單形式)
*疑問句分為一般疑問句和特殊疑問句
*一般疑問句一般由be/do/does/did提問
Are you an English teacher?
Do you like English?
Does she play basketball?
疑問語序
• 特殊疑問句一般由why, when, where, how等特殊疑問詞來引導
Why do you like English?
Where does she live?
When will you begin?
疑問語序
Grammar 6. :V-ing
*v-ing 構成
1.一般直接加ing: work- working
2. 以不發音的e為結尾的去掉e加ing:
skate- skating
3.以重讀閉音節為結尾的, 雙寫最後一個字母再加ing:
shop-shopping
swim-swimming
*v-ing 用法
1.與be構成進行時態, 做謂語.
The children are flying kites in the park.
It was raining all day yesterday
2. 與其他動詞構成短語, 在句子中做主語,賓語,表語, 定語,賓語補足語等．
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. (主語)
I like playing football very much. (賓語)
His hobby is collecting stamps.(表語)
China is a developing country. (定語)
I saw them walking across the street.(賓語補足語)
Grammar 7:
Personal Pronouns
用法:
1. 主格人稱代詞在句子中做主語.
I/We/ You/They like playing football.
This is a new book. It is very useful to students.
2.賓格人稱代詞在句子中做動詞賓語或介詞賓語.
My mother gave me a present yesterday.
It is very important for us to learn English well.
Grammar 8:
Possessive Pronouns

類別 單數 復數
第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱
形容詞性物主代詞
my
you
his
her
its
our
your
their
名詞性物主代詞 mine yours
his
hers
its ours yours
theirs

用法:
1. 形容詞性的物主代詞的用法相當於形容詞, 在句子中只做定語.
I love my parents.
Her books are in the bag.
2.名詞性物主代詞相當於名詞, 它後面不能跟名詞, 它在句子中做主語, 賓語, 表語.
His handwriting is good. Hers is better.
My bike is broken. May I borrow yours?
Grammar9 :
Reflexive Pronouns
1.概念: 表示一個動作返回到該動作執行者本身或強調某人或某物 「本人,本身」的代詞叫作反身代詞.
2.反身代詞形式
形式 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱
單數 myself yourself himself
herself
itself
復數 ourselves yourselves themselves
3. 用法:
*在句中做動詞或介詞的賓語
Please help yourself to some tea,
The girl is too young to look after
herself.
He never thought of himself.
They teach themselves English.
*在句中做名詞或代詞的同位語, 用來加強名詞或代詞的語氣 , 做 「親自, 本人」解,可以放在名詞,代詞之後, 也可以放在句尾.
You yourself said so.
The desk itself is not heavy.
We did it ourselves.
=We ourselves did it.
*做表語
Tom is not quite himself today.
Tom 今天感到不適/舒服.
Grammar10 :
Past Participles 過去分詞
就一種形式:done
1. 過去分詞兩個特點:
*在語態方面:表達被動
The window was broken.
*在時間方面:表示動作已經完成
Boiled water can be drunk.
2. 過去分詞在句子可以充當多種成分:
*做定語
This is a diary written by Tom.
*做表語
The cup is broken.

B. 八年級上冊英語語法

記得採納O(∩_∩)O哈！

現在進行時
過去式
比較級
最高級

Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑問句：-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑問句的構成及用法：
結構：特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句， 即：特殊疑問詞+be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語+謂語/表語（+其他）
疑問代詞：
1) Who:誰。做主語，用來指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2）Whom 誰，做賓語，用來指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 誰的，用來指所屬關系，如果做定語，一般後接名詞 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪個，哪些，用來指對人或物在一定范圍之內進行選擇 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily』s?
5)What什麼，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在沒有指出范圍的情況下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑問副詞：
When:何時，詢問時間 When will she come back?
Where何地，詢問地點， Where do you come from?
Why為什麼，詢問原因， Why are you late for school?
How 如何，詢問手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?
How old多大，詢問年齡，How old is Jim』s little brother?
How many/much多少，詢問數量 How many birds are there in the tree?
How far多遠，詢問距離， How far is it form your home to school?
How long多長，多久，詢問時間的長度或距離 How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often多長時間按一次，詢問頻率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon多久，詢問時間 How soon will you come back?
頻率副詞：表示動作發生的頻率，never, sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What』s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 來描述身體不適 have/have got a +疾病名字；得了……病
2.情態動詞should,情態動詞should,can, may, must沒有人稱和時態的變化，後接動詞原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:現在進行時表將來 一般將來時
表示將要做某事或計劃打算做某事要用到句型「be+doing」其中be是助動詞，它有人稱和單復數的變化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是現在進行時的形式，但用於表示將來。用進行時表將來，常用於表示即將來臨的未來預定要做的事情，一般指個人計劃要做的事。用於此情況的動詞一般是表示位置轉移的動詞，如，go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一．肯定句中，結構為「be+doing.」
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二．否定句是在be之後加not. I』m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三．一般疑問句是將be置於句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I』m not./ We aren』t.
四．特殊疑問句「疑問詞+一般疑問句語序。」
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with? Where is she going?

Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引導的特殊疑問句：是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等詞開頭的疑問句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It』s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑問句的簡略結構：how about…?+ 名詞或動詞-ing形式，用於提出建議、請求或徵求意見、詢問消息等。如：How about playing tennis?
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情態動詞can及邀請句式及其問答
情態動詞can的用法：
Can 是最長用的情態動詞，其後跟動詞原形，can的否定形式為cannot，can』t.
can表「能力」，意思是：能，會 I can paly basketball,but I can』t swim.
can表示能力時可和be able to 互換，be able to有更多的時態，常被用來表示can所 不能表示的將來或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
表示「可能性」，意思是：可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
表示允許，意思是可以能夠 You can have the book when I have finished it.
表示「驚訝、不相信等（用於疑問句、否定句或感嘆句中」。意思是「會、可能。」
This can』t be true. Can it be true?
如何發出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請
表達邀請的常用句型：
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
接受邀請的常用句型：
Sure. Certainly. OK. I』d love to.
謝絕邀請的常用句型：
I』m sorry, I can』t. I have to…
I』m afraid I can』t. I have to…
I don』t think I can. I have to…
Unit 6 I』m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容詞的比較級
規則變化、不規則變化（課本P93）
than 是比較級中最常見的標志詞，意思是「比」。用於引出比較的對象。1.He draws better than me.2.You』re older than I am. You are older than me.
形容詞比較級前，有時可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等詞來修飾。Much 和far表示「……得多」,much better好得多，a little, a bit表示稍微，一些，一點。a little shorter, 稍微矮點；even表示「甚至，更加，還要……」even bigger還要大些，three times表示 「…三倍」，如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very絕不可以用來修飾比較級，very,so,too, quite 修飾原級
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar: 可數名詞與不可數名詞
一．可數名詞
英語中的物質名詞大體上可分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。可數名詞指物體的數量可數。其單數形式可在名詞前加a或an,表示一個，如a pear. 其負數形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es（特殊情況除外），如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags
二．不可數名詞
1.不可數名詞指物體的數量不可數。不可數名詞沒有單復數之分，也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a 或an.表示不可數名詞的數量時可在不可數名詞前加相應的由量詞構成的短語。如a bag of… 2.常見的量詞短語有：
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可數名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數量：much much rain a little little
4.既可以修飾不可數名詞又可以修飾不可數名詞的詞有：
Lots of= a lot of許多，大量 some一些（用於肯定句）any一些（用於否定句和一般疑問句）
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般過去時：指在過去某一時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態，常和表示過去意義的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in2006等。有時也可用when,after,before, as soon as引導的時間狀語從句。該時態在句中的體現是謂語動詞用過去式。謂語be動詞→was/were 否定：wasn』t /weren』t
Be動詞句型
一般疑問句：was/were +主語…
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+was/were+主語
陳述句：主語+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句：主語+wasn』t/weren』t+…
行為動詞句型（當句中的動詞為行為動詞時，要藉助動詞did構成一般疑問句和否定句）
肯定式：主語+動詞過去式
否定式：主語+didn』t+動詞原形
一般疑問句：Did +主語+動詞原形
特殊疑問句：Did+主語+動詞原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般過去時的特殊疑問句
一般過去時的特殊疑問句的變法同一般現在時一樣，不同之處在於須將be動詞或助動詞改為過去時態，即「特殊疑問詞+were或was(第三人稱單數)+主語+（表語）+其他成分」或「特殊疑問詞+助動詞did+主語+實義動詞+其他成分。」
以when引導的特殊疑問句，對某人的出生年月進行提問，句型是：
When was/were…born? … was/were born in +時間
When was David beckham born? 大衛.貝克漢姆是什麼時候出生的？He was born in 1975.
二．以how long 引導的特殊疑問句，對表示某一短時間的狀語進行提問。句型是：
How long did + 主語+動詞？
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三．When did he start hiccupping? 他什麼時候開始打嗝？When +did+主語+動詞？
Unit 10 I』m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般將來時
表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態，也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。
1. be going to + 動詞原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 動詞原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +動詞不定式 You are to be back by 10 o』clock.
5. be + about + 動詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情態動詞
情態動詞，表示說話者對某一動作的看法和態度，包括可能、懷疑、允許、願望、必要、猜測等。Can(能、會),may( 可以),must( 必須、一定)等。
情態動詞的特點：(1)情態動詞有一定詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，必須和另一個動詞原形一起構成謂語，且沒有人稱和數的變化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)變否定句時，直接在情態動詞後面加not,無需加助動詞。He can』t play the guitar well.
He can』t answer the question. You mustn』t be late.
(3)含有情態動詞的句子變一般疑問句時，須將情態動詞提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允許、可能性、懷疑猜測，意為「能，會，可以。」can』t, 意為「不能，不會，不可以。」，還有「不可能」之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can』t. It can』t be true.
(5)can 也可表示請求與邀請
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What』s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容詞/副詞的最高級，用於三者或三者以上的人或事物之間的比較，表示在一群人或事物中，其中一個 「最……」見課本p93語法
the +最高級 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
最高級可被序數詞以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修飾。This hat is by far the biggest.
表示最高程度的形容詞，excellent, extreme, prefect等沒有最高級也不能用比較級。He is an excellent teacher.
形容詞最高級間修飾做表語或介詞並與的名詞代詞是，被修飾的詞往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
Who/Which +be+最高級，A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
the +序數詞+最高級 He is the second tallest student in our class.
One of the +最高級+復數名詞 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.

C. 八上上英語語法人教版 。

八年級英語重點語法分析
習水縣三岔河鄉中學 袁平

一.時態
一、一般現在時：表示現在的狀態, 例如:He』s twelve. (2)表示經常性的或習慣性的動作,例如:I go to school every day. (3)表示主語具備的性格和能力, 例如:She likes apple.常與often, usually, sometimes, always, every day等表示經常性的或習慣性的時間狀語連用.
1. 肯定句結構:
(1) 行為動詞:
a. 第一、二人稱,復數人稱: They/We/You+動詞原形... 例如:They go to school every day.
b.第三人稱單數: He/She/It+動詞-s/es… 例如:Lily often likes singing.
(2)系動詞(be): I am... They/We/You are… He/She/It is…
2.否定句結構:
(1) 行為動詞:
a. 第一、二人稱,復數人稱: They/We/You+don』t+動詞原形... 例如:They don』t go to school every day.
b.第三人稱單數:He/She/It+doesn』t +動詞原形… 例如:Lily doesn』t like singing.
(2)系動詞(be): 在is/am/are後加not 例如:I am not a worker.
3. 一般疑問句結構:
a. 第一、二人稱,復數人稱: Do+they/we/you+動詞原形...
例如:Do they go to school every day? （Yes, they do. No, they don』t.）
b.第三人稱單數: Does +he/she/iIt+動詞原形…
例如: Does Lily often like singing? (Yes, she does. No, she doesn』t.)
(2)系動詞(be):把is/am/are提在主語前.
例如:Are you a worker? (Yes, I am. No, I』m not.)
二.現在進行時: 表示現在正在進行的動作或發生的事情.常與now, look…, listen…等表示現在狀態的時間狀語連用.
1.肯定句結構: 主語+is/am/are+動詞-ing…
例如: The boys are playing football now.
2.否定句結構: 在is/am/are後加not
例如: The boys aren』t playing football now.
3. 一般疑問句結構: 把is/am/are提在主語前.
例如: Are the boys playing football now? (Yes, they are. No, they aren』t.)
三.一般過去時:表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態.常與yesterday…, last…, …ago, in1990等表示過去狀態的時間狀語連用.
1. 肯定句結構:
(1) 行為動詞: 主語+動詞的過去式…
例如: The twins went to school two hours ago.
(2) 系動詞(be): I/ He/She/It+was… They/We/You+were…
例如: I was at home last night.
2.否定句結構:
(1) 行為動詞: 主語+didn』t+動詞原形…
例如: The twins didn』t go to school two hours ago.
(2)系動詞(be): 在was/were後加not
例如: I wasn』t at home last night.
3. 一般疑問句結構:
(1) 行為動詞: Did+主語+動詞原形…?
例如: Did the twins go to school two hours ago?
(Yes, they did. No, they didn』t.)
(2)系動詞(be): 把was/were提在主語前.
例如: Were you at home last night? (Yes, I was. No, I was』t.)
四.一般將來時: 表示將來某時將要發生的動作或存在的狀態,也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作.常與tomorrow…, next…等表示將來狀態的時間狀語連用.
1. 肯定句結構:
(1)用於書面語: 主語+will+動詞…
例如: We will come to see you tomorrow
(2)用於口語: 主語+am/is/are going to+動詞…
例如: Tom is going to see his uncle next Sunday.
2.否定句結構:
(1)用於書面語: 在will後加not
例如: We won』t come to see you tomorrow. (will not=won』t)
(2)用於口語: 在is/am/are後加not.
例如: Tom isn』 going to see his uncle next Sunday.
3. 一般疑問句結構:
(1)用於書面語: 把will提在主語前.
例如: Will you come to see you tomorrow? (Yes, we will. No, we won』t.)
(2)用於口語: 把is/am/are提在主語前.
例如: Is Tom going to see his uncle next Sunday?
(Yes, he is. No, he isn』t.)
二、態動詞: can(能，會)， may（可以，可能，也許）， must(必須，一定，應該）
have to（必須，不得不）
1. 肯定句結構: 主語+can/may/must+動詞…
例如: I must go now.
2.否定句結構: 在can/may/must後加not. 例如: I mustn』t go now.
3. 一般疑問句結構: 把can/may/must提在主語前.
Must you go now? (Yes, I must. No, I needn』t.)
May I open the window? (Yes, you may. No, you needn』t.)
三、ad better+動詞原形，表示「最好乾……」，變否定句時在had better後加not.
例如:You had better catch a bus.
You』d better not catch a bus. (You had= You』d )
四、詞不定式：want /forget /remember /would like /go + to + 動詞原形…
例如: I want to get back my book..
Lucy went to see his mother last night.
五、問句的變換：對劃線部分提問時，將劃線部分去掉，剩下部分變一般疑問句語序。（對主語提問例外）
例如: My name is Lily. What』s your name?
The river is 500 kilometres. Hong long is the river?
六、一般疑問句變化口訣：
1、有be提be, 有情」提「情」，無「情」無be,借用「do\does\did」
2、肯定yes否定no

D. 八年級上學期的英語語法總結（全部）！

一、只能修飾可數名詞的詞語有:
many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of等。例如:
Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.
開張後的頭幾天,很多人去了那兒。
I have been there dozens of times.
我已去過那兒很多次了。
There』re a number of students reading English in the classroom.
教室里有許多學生在讀英語。
Many a student has(=many students have)visited the Great Wall.(謂語動詞用單數)
很多學生都游覽過長城。
In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow.
冬天很多動物在雪下冬眠。
注意: many所修飾的復數名詞前若有限定詞,many 後面要接of, 表示「……中的很多」。 例如:
A great many(of the) graates have found jobs.
畢業生中很多人已經找到了工作。
二、只能修飾不可數名詞的詞語有:
much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。例如:
Is there much water in the bucket?
桶里有很多水嗎?
He always has a great amount of work to do.
他總是有很多工作要做。
三、既能修飾可數名詞又能修飾不可數名詞的詞語有:
a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三個詞語後謂語動詞的數依of 後的名詞的單復數而定),a great / large quantity of (其後謂語用單數),quantities of (其後謂語用復數)。例如:
There is still lots of snow in the garden.
花園里還有許多雪。
There is plenty of rain here.
這兒的雨水很多。
A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall.
大廳里放了很多鮮花。
There are large quantities of food in the cupboard.
櫥櫃里有許多食物。
在所有這些表示「很多」的詞語中many, much 是最常用的詞,它們既可以用於肯定句,也可以用於疑問句和否定句。例如:
Are there many people in the street?
街上有很多人嗎?
There isn』t much time left.
剩下的時間不多了。
其它的詞語都用於肯定句,日常會話中常用lots of, a lot of 或plenty of; 正式文體中常用 a great many, a (large) number of, a great deal of, scores of 或 dozens of 等。但若肯定句中有too, so, as, very或how 等詞修飾時,則必須使用 many, much。例如:
The number of the people who lost their homes reached as many as 250,000.
無家可歸的人數多達250,000人。
There is too much work to do.
要做的工作太多了。

或者是這樣的，你自己看下，哪Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑問句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑問句的構成及用法：
結構：特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句， 即：特殊疑問詞+be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語+謂語/表語（+其他）
疑問代詞：
1) Who:誰。做主語，用來指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2）Whom 誰，做賓語，用來指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 誰的，用來指所屬關系，如果做定語，一般後接名詞 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪個，哪些，用來指對人或物在一定范圍之內進行選擇 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily』s?
5)What什麼，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在沒有指出范圍的情況下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑問副詞：
When:何時，詢問時間 When will she come back?
Where何地，詢問地點， Where do you come from?
Why為什麼，詢問原因， Why are you late for school?
How 如何，詢問手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?
How old多大，詢問年齡，How old is Jim』s little brother?
How many/much多少，詢問數量 How many birds are there in the tree?
How far多遠，詢問距離， How far is it form your home to school?
How long多長，多久，詢問時間的長度或距離 How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often多長時間按一次，詢問頻率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon多久，詢問時間 How soon will you come back?
頻率副詞：表示動作發生的頻率，never, sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What』s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 來描述身體不適 have/have got a +疾病名字；得了……病
2.情態動詞should,情態動詞should,can, may, must沒有人稱和時態的變化，後接動詞原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:現在進行時表將來 一般將來時
表示將要做某事或計劃打算做某事要用到句型「be+doing」其中be是助動詞，它有人稱和單復數的變化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是現在進行時的形式，但用於表示將來。用進行時表將來，常用於表示即將來臨的未來預定要做的事情，一般指個人計劃要做的事。用於此情況的動詞一般是表示位置轉移的動詞，如，go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一．肯定句中，結構為「be+doing.」
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二．否定句是在be之後加not. I』m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三．一般疑問句是將be置於句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I』m not./ We aren』t.
四．特殊疑問句「疑問詞+一般疑問句語序。」
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with? Where is she going?

Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引導的特殊疑問句：是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等詞開頭的疑問句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It』s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑問句的簡略結構：how about…?+ 名詞或動詞-ing形式，用於提出建議、請求或徵求意見、詢問消息等。如：How about playing tennis?
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情態動詞can及邀請句式及其問答
情態動詞can的用法：
Can 是最長用的情態動詞，其後跟動詞原形，can的否定形式為cannot，can』t.
can表「能力」，意思是：能，會 I can paly basketball,but I can』t swim.
can表示能力時可和be able to 互換，be able to有更多的時態，常被用來表示can所 不能表示的將來或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
表示「可能性」，意思是：可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
表示允許，意思是可以能夠 You can have the book when I have finished it.
表示「驚訝、不相信等（用於疑問句、否定句或感嘆句中」。意思是「會、可能。」
This can』t be true. Can it be true?
如何發出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請
表達邀請的常用句型：
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
接受邀請的常用句型：
Sure. Certainly. OK. I』d love to.
謝絕邀請的常用句型：
I』m sorry, I can』t. I have to…
I』m afraid I can』t. I have to…
I don』t think I can. I have to…
Unit 6 I』m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容詞的比較級
規則變化、不規則變化（課本P93）
than 是比較級中最常見的標志詞，意思是「比」。用於引出比較的對象。1.He draws better than me.2.You』re older than I am. You are older than me.
形容詞比較級前，有時可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等詞來修飾。Much 和far表示「……得多」,much better好得多，a little, a bit表示稍微，一些，一點。a little shorter, 稍微矮點；even表示「甚至，更加，還要……」even bigger還要大些，three times表示 「…三倍」，如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very絕不可以用來修飾比較級，very,so,too, quite 修飾原級
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar: 可數名詞與不可數名詞
一．可數名詞
英語中的物質名詞大體上可分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。可數名詞指物體的數量可數。其單數形式可在名詞前加a或an,表示一個，如a pear. 其負數形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es（特殊情況除外），如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags
二．不可數名詞
1.不可數名詞指物體的數量不可數。不可數名詞沒有單復數之分，也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a 或an.表示不可數名詞的數量時可在不可數名詞前加相應的由量詞構成的短語。如a bag of… 2.常見的量詞短語有：
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可數名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數量：much much rain a little little
4.既可以修飾不可數名詞又可以修飾不可數名詞的詞有：
Lots of= a lot of許多，大量 some一些（用於肯定句）any一些（用於否定句和一般疑問句）
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般過去時：指在過去某一時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態，常和表示過去意義的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in2006等。有時也可用when,after,before, as soon as引導的時間狀語從句。該時態在句中的體現是謂語動詞用過去式。謂語be動詞→was/were 否定：wasn』t /weren』t
Be動詞句型
一般疑問句：was/were +主語…
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+was/were+主語
陳述句：主語+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句：主語+wasn』t/weren』t+…
行為動詞句型（當句中的動詞為行為動詞時，要藉助動詞did構成一般疑問句和否定句）
肯定式：主語+動詞過去式
否定式：主語+didn』t+動詞原形
一般疑問句：Did +主語+動詞原形
特殊疑問句：Did+主語+動詞原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般過去時的特殊疑問句
一般過去時的特殊疑問句的變法同一般現在時一樣，不同之處在於須將be動詞或助動詞改為過去時態，即「特殊疑問詞+were或was(第三人稱單數)+主語+（表語）+其他成分」或「特殊疑問詞+助動詞did+主語+實義動詞+其他成分。」
以when引導的特殊疑問句，對某人的出生年月進行提問，句型是：
When was/were…born? … was/were born in +時間
When was David beckham born? 大衛.貝克漢姆是什麼時候出生的？He was born in 1975.
二．以how long 引導的特殊疑問句，對表示某一短時間的狀語進行提問。句型是：
How long did + 主語+動詞？
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三．When did he start hiccupping? 他什麼時候開始打嗝？When +did+主語+動詞？
Unit 10 I』m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般將來時
表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態，也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。
1. be going to + 動詞原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 動詞原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +動詞不定式 You are to be back by 10 o』clock.
5. be + about + 動詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情態動詞
情態動詞，表示說話者對某一動作的看法和態度，包括可能、懷疑、允許、願望、必要、猜測等。Can(能、會),may( 可以),must( 必須、一定)等。
情態動詞的特點：(1)情態動詞有一定詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，必須和另一個動詞原形一起構成謂語，且沒有人稱和數的變化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)變否定句時，直接在情態動詞後面加not,無需加助動詞。He can』t play the guitar well.
He can』t answer the question. You mustn』t be late.
(3)含有情態動詞的句子變一般疑問句時，須將情態動詞提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允許、可能性、懷疑猜測，意為「能，會，可以。」can』t, 意為「不能，不會，不可以。」，還有「不可能」之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can』t. It can』t be true.
(5)can 也可表示請求與邀請
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What』s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容詞/副詞的最高級，用於三者或三者以上的人或事物之間的比較，表示在一群人或事物中，其中一個 「最……」見課本p93語法
the +最高級 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
最高級可被序數詞以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修飾。This hat is by far the biggest.
表示最高程度的形容詞，excellent, extreme, prefect等沒有最高級也不能用比較級。He is an excellent teacher.
形容詞最高級間修飾做表語或介詞並與的名詞代詞是，被修飾的詞往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
Who/Which +be+最高級，A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
the +序數詞+最高級 He is the second tallest student in our class.
One of the +最高級+復數名詞 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.個完整你選擇哪個吧！

E. 八年級英語語法大全

可數名詞與不可數名詞一．可數名詞英語中的物質名詞大體上可分為可數名詞「最……」見課本p93語法 the +最高級 She is the tallest of all her

F. 英語8年級上冊書上所有的重點語法（人教版）

資料多,放不下nbsp;新目標八年級（上）英語復習提綱(全套)nbsp;Unitnbsp;1:nbsp;Hownbsp;oftennbsp;donbsp;younbsp;exercise?nbsp;1.nbsp;gonbsp;tonbsp;thenbsp;moviesnbsp;去看電影nbsp;2.nbsp;looknbsp;afternbsp;=nbsp;takenbsp;carenbsp;ofnbsp;照顧nbsp;3.nbsp;surfnbsp;thenbsp;internetnbsp;上網nbsp;4.nbsp;healthynbsp;lifestylenbsp;健康的生活方式nbsp;5.nbsp;gonbsp;skatenbsp;boardingnbsp;去劃板nbsp;6.nbsp;keepnbsp;healthy=staynbsp;healthynbsp;保持健康nbsp;7.nbsp;exercise=take(much)exercise=donbsp;sports鍛煉nbsp;8.nbsp;eatingnbsp;habitsnbsp;飲食習慣nbsp;9.nbsp;takenbsp;morenbsp;exercisenbsp;做更多的運動nbsp;10.nbsp;thenbsp;samenbsp;asnbsp;與什麼相同nbsp;11.nbsp;benbsp;differentnbsp;fromnbsp;不同nbsp;12.nbsp;oncenbsp;anbsp;month一月一次nbsp;13.nbsp;twicenbsp;anbsp;week一周兩次nbsp;14.nbsp;makenbsp;anbsp;differencenbsp;tonbsp;對什麼有影響nbsp;15.nbsp;hownbsp;oftennbsp;多久一次nbsp;16.nbsp;althoughnbsp;=nbsp;though雖然nbsp;17.nbsp;mostnbsp;ofnbsp;thenbsp;students=mostnbsp;studentsnbsp;18.nbsp;shop=gonbsp;shopping=donbsp;somenbsp;shoppingnbsp;購物nbsp;19.nbsp;asnbsp;for至於nbsp;20.nbsp;activitynbsp;survey活動調查nbsp;21.nbsp;donbsp;homework做家庭作業nbsp;22.nbsp;donbsp;housenbsp;work做家務事nbsp;23.nbsp;eatnbsp;lessnbsp;meat吃更少的肉nbsp;24.nbsp;junknbsp;food垃圾食物nbsp;25.nbsp;benbsp;goodnbsp;fornbsp;對什麼有益nbsp;26.nbsp;benbsp;badnbsp;for對什麼有害nbsp;27.nbsp;wantnbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;sthnbsp;想做某事nbsp;28.nbsp;wantnbsp;sbnbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;sth想某人做某事nbsp;29.nbsp;trynbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;sthnbsp;盡量做某事nbsp;30.nbsp;comenbsp;homenbsp;fromnbsp;school放學回家nbsp;31.nbsp;ofnbsp;coursenbsp;=nbsp;certainlynbsp;=nbsp;sure當然nbsp;32.nbsp;getnbsp;goodnbsp;grades取得好成績nbsp;33.nbsp;somenbsp;advicenbsp;34.nbsp;hardly=notnbsp;nearlynbsp;/nbsp;almostnbsp;not幾乎不nbsp;35.nbsp;keep/benbsp;innbsp;goodnbsp;health保持健康nbsp;36.benbsp;stressed緊張的，有壓力的nbsp;37.nbsp;takenbsp;anbsp;vacationnbsp;去度假nbsp;48.getnbsp;backnbsp;回來nbsp;Unitnbsp;2nbsp;What』snbsp;thenbsp;matter?nbsp;1.nbsp;Havenbsp;anbsp;coldnbsp;感冒nbsp;2.nbsp;sorenbsp;backnbsp;背痛nbsp;3.nbsp;necknbsp;andnbsp;necknbsp;並駕齊驅，齊頭並進nbsp;4.nbsp;Inbsp;havenbsp;anbsp;stomachachenbsp;我胃痛nbsp;=nbsp;Inbsp;havenbsp;gotnbsp;anbsp;stomachachenbsp;=nbsp;Therenbsp;isnbsp;somethingnbsp;wrongnbsp;withnbsp;mynbsp;stomachnbsp;=nbsp;Mynbsp;stomachnbsp;hurtsnbsp;=nbsp;Inbsp;havenbsp;(got)nbsp;anbsp;painnbsp;innbsp;mynbsp;stomachnbsp;5.nbsp;What』snbsp;thenbsp;matter?nbsp;怎麼了？nbsp;=nbsp;What』snbsp;thenbsp;troublenbsp;(withnbsp;you)?nbsp;=nbsp;What』snbsp;yournbsp;trouble?nbsp;=nbsp;What』snbsp;wrongnbsp;(withnbsp;you)?nbsp;=nbsp;What』nbsp;thenbsp;matternbsp;(withnbsp;you)?nbsp;=Whatnbsp;hasnbsp;happenednbsp;tonbsp;you?nbsp;=nbsp;Isnbsp;therenbsp;anythingnbsp;wrongnbsp;(withnbsp;you)?nbsp;=nbsp;what』snbsp;up?nbsp;6.nbsp;sorenbsp;throatnbsp;咽喉痛nbsp;7.nbsp;lienbsp;downnbsp;andnbsp;restnbsp;躺下休息nbsp;8.nbsp;seenbsp;anbsp;dentistnbsp;看牙醫nbsp;9.nbsp;drinknbsp;lotsnbsp;ofnbsp;waternbsp;多喝水nbsp;10.nbsp;hotnbsp;teanbsp;withnbsp;honeynbsp;加蜂蜜的熱茶nbsp;11.That』snbsp;anbsp;goodnbsp;ideanbsp;好主意nbsp;12.That』snbsp;toonbsp;badnbsp;太糟糕了nbsp;13.Inbsp;thinknbsp;sonbsp;我認為如此nbsp;14.nbsp;I』mnbsp;notnbsp;feelingnbsp;well

G. 英語8年級上冊書上所有的重點語法（人教版）

資料多,放不下
新目標八年級（上）英語復習提綱(全套)
Unit 1: How often do you exercise?

1. go to the movies 去看電影
2. look after = take care of 照顧
3. surf the internet 上網
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding 去劃板
6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports鍛煉
8. eating habits 飲食習慣
9. take more exercise 做更多的運動
10. the same as 與什麼相同
11. be different from 不同
12. once a month一月一次
13. twice a week一周兩次
14. make a difference to 對什麼有影響
15. how often 多久一次
16. although = though雖然
17. most of the students=most students
18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 購物
19. as for至於
20. activity survey活動調查
21. do homework做家庭作業
22. do house work做家務事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉
24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 對什麼有益
26. be bad for對什麼有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事
28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 盡量做某事
30. come home from school放學回家
31. of course = certainly = sure當然
32. get good grades取得好成績
33. some advice
34. hardly=not nearly / almost not幾乎不
35. keep/be in good health保持健康
36.be stressed緊張的，有壓力的
37. take a vacation 去度假
48.get back 回來

Unit 2 What』s the matter?

1. Have a cold 感冒
2. sore back 背痛
3. neck and neck 並駕齊驅，齊頭並進
4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛
= I have got a stomachache
= There is something wrong with my stomach
= My stomach hurts
= I have (got) a pain in my stomach
5. What』s the matter? 怎麼了？
= What』s the trouble (with you)?
= What』s your trouble?
= What』s wrong (with you)?
= What』 the matter (with you)?
=What has happened to you?
= Is there anything wrong (with you)? = what』s up?
6. sore throat 咽喉痛
7. lie down and rest 躺下休息
8. see a dentist 看牙醫
9. drink lots of water 多喝水
10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的熱茶
11.That』s a good idea 好主意
12.That』s too bad 太糟糕了
13.I think so 我認為如此
14. I』m not feeling well. 我覺得不太舒服
= I』m not feeling fine/all right.
= I』m feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad.
= I don』t feel well.
15. get some rest 多休息
16. I have no idea = I don』t know 我不知道
17. stressed out 筋疲力盡
18. I am tired 我累了 He is tired. 他累了
19. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
20. traditional Chinese doctors傳統中醫
21. a balance of yin and yang陰陽調和
22. you have too much yin.你陰氣太盛
23. to eat a balance diet飲食平衡
24. healthy food 健康食品
25. stay healthy 保持健康
=keep healthy=keep in good health
= keep fit
26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代詞) 玩得高興，過得愉快
=have a good time = have a wonderful time
= have fun
27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名詞)喜歡某物,
enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事=like dong sth
practice doing sth.練習做某事，
mind doing sth. 介意做某事，
finish doing sth.完成某事，
give up doing sth.放棄做某事，
can』t help doing sth.忍不住做某事，
keep ding sth. 堅持做某事. （keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth. ）
be busy doing sth. 忙著做某事
be used to doing sth.習慣於做某事
make a contribution to doing sth.為..做貢獻
go on doing sth. 繼續做某事
forget doing sth.忘記做某事
remember doing sth. 記得做某事
spend....(in) doing sth. 花（時間）來做某事
prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起（做...）來更願意（做...）
28. at the moment = now 此刻
29. Host family 東道家庭
30. Conversation practice會話練習
31. I』m sorry to hear that.聽到此事我很難過

Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?

1. babysit one』s sister 照顧妹妹
2. visit one』s grandmother 看望奶奶
3. spend time with friends 和朋友們一起度過時光
4. visit cousins 看望表弟等
5. go to sports camp 去運動野營
6. o to the beach 去海灘
7. go camping 去野營
8. Go shopping 去買東西
9. go swimming 去游泳
10. go boating去劃船
11. go skating 去溜冰
12. go walking去散步
13. go climbing 去登山
14. go dancing去跳舞
15. go hiking 去徒步遠足
16. go sightseeing 去觀光
17. go house-hunting 去找房子
18. o on a hike 徒步旅行，
go bike riding 騎自行車旅行，
go fishing 去釣魚
19. do some shopping 買東西
20. do some washing 洗衣服
21. do some cooking 作飯
22. do some reading 讀書
23. do some speaking訓練口語
24. do some sewing 做縫紉活
25. that sounds nice 那好極了
26. at home 在家
27. how about=what about ……怎麼樣？
28. how long 多長時間
29. how far 多遠
30. how often 多長時間一次
31. how much, how many 多少
32. have a good time
=have fun= have a wonderful time
= enjoy oneself 玩得高興，過得愉快
33. show sb. Sth.=show sth. to sb.出示某物給某人看
give me the book=give the book to me 給我書，
pass me the cup=pass the cup to me 把杯子遞給我，
sell me the house=sell the house to me 把房子賣給我
buy me a book =buy a book for me 給我買書，
make me a cake = make a cake for me給我做蛋糕
34. get back=come back回來
35. rent videos租借影碟
36. take walks=go for a walk散步
37. think about 考慮
38. decide on= decide upon決定一個計劃
39. something different 不同的事情
40．a great vacation 一個愉快的假期
41. I can』t wait 我等不及了
42. the famous movie star 著名的影星
43. an exciting vacation 激動人心的假期
44. Ask her about her plans 向她詢問她的計劃
ask sb. about sth.向某人詢問某事
45. forget to do sth. 忘記要做某事
forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事

Unit 4 How do you get to school?

1. get to school 到校
2. get home 到家
3. how about=what about …….怎麼樣？
4. take the subway 乘地鐵
5. ride a bike 騎自行車
6. take the bus乘公共汽車
7. take the train乘火車
8. take a taxi乘坐計程車
9. go in a parent』s car 坐父母的車
10. by bike, bike bus, by subway, by taxi, by car, by train
(乘坐……車，放在句尾)
11. have a quick breakfast 迅速吃早飯
12. the early bus 早班車 13. how far多遠
14. take sb. to sp.帶某人到某處
15. doing sth. takes sb. Some time/ money
=It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.
=sb. spends some time/money (on sth.)
=sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth.
=sth. costs sb. some time/money
=sb. pay some money for sth.
花費某人多少時間/金錢做某事/某人花費多少金錢/時間做某事
16. bus stop公共汽車站，train station火車站，
subway station地鐵站，bus station客運站
17. want to do sth.想做某事
18. walk to school 步行上學
19. in North America 在北美
20. in other parts of the world 在世界的其他地區
21. depend on=depend upon 依靠，靠……決定
22. not all 不是所有的
23. need to do sth.需要做某事
24. number of students學生數
25. a number of=many 許多
number前可用large, great, small修飾其謂語是復數
26. the number of….的數量，謂語是單數
27. don』t worry(about sth./sb.)別著急(為某人/事擔心
28. around the world= all over the world世界各地，全世界

Unit 5 Can you come to my party?

1. come to one』s party 參加某人的聚會
2. on Saturday afternoon 在星期六的下午
3. I』d love to 我非常樂意
4. I』m sorry 對不起
5. study for a test為測驗而學習
6. go to the doctor 去看醫生
7. visit one』s aunt 看望某人的姑姑
8. have a piano lesson 上一堂鋼琴課
10. too much homework 太多家庭作業
11. much too interesting 有趣得多
12. maybe another time 也許下一次吧
13.Thanks for asking（inviting）謝謝邀請
14. go to the baseball game 參加棒球比賽
15. Birthday Party 生日聚會
16. go to the mall 去購物中心
17. soccer practice 足球練習
18. look for 尋找
19. find out 找到，弄清楚，查明
20. study for the math test 為數學考試而學習
21. play tennis with me 和我一起打網球
22. I have a really busy week 我一周很忙
23. football match足球比賽
24. my cousin』s birthday party 我表弟的生日聚會
25. write soon 盡快回信
26. study for my science test 為科學考試而學習
27. 給某人打電話的幾種說法：
call sb. up, call sb.
phone sb., phone to sb.
telephone sb. telephone to sb.
phone sb. up,ring sb.
give sb. a ring,
give sb. a phone
make a telephone call to sb.
28. on Thursday night 星期四晚上
29. be (go) on vacation 度假
30. next week下周
31. join sb.加入某人一起
32. Please keep quiet! 請保持安靜,
keep+形容詞表示「保持某種狀態」，
keep+(sb.)+doing 表示「（使某人）不停地做某事」，
keep sth. 保存某物
34. culture club 文化俱樂部
35. try to do sth. 努力（企圖）做某事,
try doing sth.試著做某事,try one』 best to do sth. 盡力做某事

unit 6 I』m more outgoing than my sister.

1. long hair 長頭發
2. How are you? 你身體好嗎？
3. How old 多大年紀4. how tall 多高
5. how long ago多久前（的事）
6.more outgoing 比較外向
7. want/plan to do sth. 意欲，企圖
8. here are photos of me 這是我的照片
9. as you can see 正如你所看到的
10. in some ways在某些地方
11. we look the same我們看起來一樣，
They look different他們看起來不同
12. the same to ……多……是一樣的
13. quite the same 完全一樣
14. all the same 還是， 同樣應……
15. look like 看起來像….一樣，而look same 看起來很像
16. go to lots of parties經常參加聚會=often go to the party
17. a little taller 高一點
18. take sth. from sth. 從某處拿/取出某物
19. put sth. in sth. 將某物放入某物中
20. make a list of 列出清單
21. has cool clothes 有漂亮的衣服
22. is popular in school 在學校受歡迎
23. is good at sports 擅長體育
24. make me laugh 使我發笑
25. that』s not very important for me 那對我來說並不重要
( be important for sb.)
26. put up舉起，抬起，掛起，張貼，建造；
put on穿上，戴上，上演（戲劇）；
put down=write down= down 寫下來；
put out 伸出，撲滅；
put away 收起來，收好；
put off推遲；
put one』s heart into…全神貫注於……,全身心投入……
27. opposite views 相反的觀點
28. a weekend teacher 周末教師
29. Abacus Study Center 珠算研究中心
30. elementary school students 小學生
31. be good with children 善於與孩子相處
32. have good grades 成績出色
33. enjoy telling jokes 喜歡講笑話
34. can』t stop talking 不能停止講話
35. help others 幫助別人,help each other互相幫助
36. in one』s free time在業余時間
37. one of +復數名詞（代詞）……其中之一
38. use sth. to do sth.=do sth.. with sth. 使用…做…
39. be/feel sorry for sb. 為某事感到同情或難受;
be / feel sorry for sth. 因某事感到抱歉或後悔；
be sorry +to see/hear 聽到或看到某種情況很不安或難過；
say sorry to sb.向某人道歉
40. begin with 從……開始
41. next to 在……旁邊，緊靠……
42. be famous for 因… 而著名，因……而廣為人知；
be famous as 作為……而知名
43. all together 總計，總共
44. make sb. do sth. 讓/使某人做某事，
相似的用法有幾個感官動詞see, let, hear, watch, feel等
Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk smoothie?

1. make a banana smoothie 製作香蕉混合飲料(思木西)
2. peel the bananas 剝香蕉
3. cut up the bananas切碎香蕉
4. pour the milk in the blender 將牛奶倒入攪拌器
5. turn on the blender 打開攪拌器電源
6. put the yogurt in the blender將酸奶放入攪拌器
7. turn off 關上,(turn on 打開)
turn up旋大（燈火等），開大（煤氣等）調高（聲音等），
turn down 把（燈火、電器等）關小一點
8. how much cinnamon多少肉桂
9. one teaspoon of cinnamon 一茶匙肉桂
10. make fruit salad 製作水果沙拉
11. two pieces of bread 兩片麵包
12. mix it all up 將它們混合在一起
14. turkey slices 火雞肉片, a slice of bread一片麵包
13. takes turns doing sth,
take turns to do sth.=do sth. in turns 輪流做某事
15. slices of ck 烤鴨片
16. roll pancake 卷上薄餅
17. make faces 作鬼臉
make friends with 與……交朋友
make a noise吵鬧, make mistakes犯錯誤,
make the bed整理床鋪
make one』s way to往…走去,
make room for給…騰出地方
18. it』s easy to do sth. 做某事容易
it』s hard (difficult) to do sth.做某事難，
It』s necessary to do sth.做某事必要
19. put sth, in order 將某些東西按順序排列
20. a recipe for ……的烹調方法, ……的

Unit 8 How was your school trip?

1. talk about 談論，talk over談論
2. give a talk 作報告
3. have a talk to (with) sb.與某人談話
4. go to the beach去海灘
5. have ice cream吃冰淇淋
6. go to the zoo去動物園
7. go to the aquarium去水族館
8. hang out with one』s friends和朋友閑逛
9. take photos=take a photo=take pictures=take a picture照相
10. buy a souvenir買紀念品
11. have pizza吃比薩餅
12. a famous actor著名的演員
13. get one』s autograph得到了某人的親筆簽名
14. win a prize贏得獎品（獎項）
15. at the aquarium 在水族館
16. have a great time玩得高興，過得愉快
17. on the school trip在學校的旅遊
18. Blue Water Aquarium藍色水族館
19. the Visitors』 Center遊客中心
20.a dolphin show海豚表演
21. after that 後來
22. at the end of…在……結束的時候，在……的盡頭
23. the Gift Shop禮品店
24. at the beginning of…在..開始的時候
25. a terrible school trip糟糕的學校旅行
26. that sounds interesting那聽起來很有趣
27. make up a story編一個故事
28. go for a drive 開車兜風
30. in the rain在雨中
in the dark在黑暗中\
in the sun在陽光下
in the snow在雪中
31. take notes of=write down= down 寫下，記下
32. have fun doing sth.很快樂的做某事
33. play computer games打電腦游戲
34. for sale 供銷售
35. see you soon盼望很快見到你
36. in one』s opinion據某人看來,某人的觀點上看
37. win the first prize獲得了一等獎
38.a famous basketball player著名的籃球運動員
39. in the future在將來，今後
40. can』t help doing sth.忍不住做某事
41. the story goes that…據說……
42. a busy day off 繁忙的假日，
in one』s off hours在某人的休息時間
the off season淡季
43. none of… ……當中沒有一個
44. a heavy rain 一陣大雨
a light rain一陣小雨
a fine rain 一陣細雨
44. all day = all day long 整天
all night = all night long整夜
Unit 9 When was he born?

1. ping-pong player乒乓球運動員
2. a great Chinese ping-pong player中國傑出的乒乓球運動員
3. start hiccupping 開始打嗝
4. too… to…太……，而不……
5. write music譜寫曲子
6. a movie star電影明星
7. learn to ride a bicycle學會騎自行車
8. start learning開始學英語
9. begin playing sports 開始進行體育運動
10. a loving grandfather慈愛的祖父
11. spend all one』s free time with sb.與某人一起度過了所有的業余時間
12. a famous violinist 著名的小提琴手
13. ice skating滑冰
14. a kind and loving grandmother和藹而慈愛的祖母
15. a skating champion 滑冰冠軍
16. the famous Chinese pianist中國著名的鋼琴演奏家
17. a small boy(girl)孩提時期
18. at the age of…在……年齡時
19. take part in參加、加入
20. begin to learn the accordion開始學習手風琴
21. major in 主修，專修
22. start for a place=leave for a place動身去…
23. because of 因為、由於

H. 八年級英語語法

呵呵 希望對你有所幫助 祝樓主進步哈
一. 知識點總結：
（一）
一般將來時
一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或者存在的狀態。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。
be going to do （動詞原形）結構：表示打算、准備做的事情或者肯定要發生的事情。如：It is going to rain.
will do 結構表示將來的用法：
1. 表示預見
Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest.
2. 表示意圖
I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本構成如下：
一般疑問句構成：
（1）will+主語+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?
（2）there be 結構的一般疑問句：Will there + be …?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won』t
否定句構成：will + not （won』t）+do
Sarah won』t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑問句構成：
特殊疑問詞＋will＋主語＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday?
根據例句，用will改寫下列各句
例：I don』t feel well today. （be better tomorrow）
I』ll be better tomorrow.
1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight）
_____________________________
2. I』m tired now. （sleep later）
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon）
_____________________________
4. We can』t leave right now. （leave a little later）
_____________________________
5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow）
_____________________________
答案：1. She』ll have a lot of homework tonight.
2. I』ll sleep later.
3. They』ll buy one soon.
4. We』ll leave a little later.
5. Maybe it』ll be better tomorrow.

（二）should的用法：
should用來提出建議和忠告，後邊加動詞原形，否定句直接在should後邊加not.
例如：I think you should eat less junk food.
我認為你應該少吃垃圾食品。
She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.
她經常開車，很少走路。所以我認為她應該多走路。
Students shouldn』t spend too much time playing computer games.
學生們不應當花太多的時間玩計算機游戲。
學習向別人提建議的幾種句式：
（1）I think you should…
（2）Well, you could…
（3）Maybe you should …
（4）Why don』t you…?
（5）What about doing sth.?
（6）You』d better do sth.
用should或shouldn』t填空
1. I can』t sleep the night before exams.
You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed.
2. Good friends ______ argue each other.
3. There is little milk in the glass. We _______ buy some.
4. They didn』t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier.
5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _______ do exercises every day.
答案：1. should 2. shouldn』t 3. should 4. should 5. should

（三）
過去進行時
過去進行時表示過去某一點時間正在進行的動作或者過去某一段時間內一直進行的動作。
1. 構成
was /were + doing，例如：
I was watching TV at 9 o』clock last night.
at 9 o』clock last night是時間點
They were playing football all afternoon.
all afternoon是時間段
2. 過去進行時的標志詞
at 8 o』clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如：
I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.
昨天的這個時候我正在吃午飯。
At that time she was writing a book.
那陣子她在寫一本書。（表示她在那段時間里一直在做那件事情。）
用括弧中所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. This time yesterday I ____ ______（read）books.
2. At 9 o』clock last Sunday they ______ ______（have）a party.
3. When I _____（come）into the classroom, she ________ ______（read）a storybook.
4. She _____ ______（play）computer games while her mother ____ ______（cook）yesterday afternoon.
5. I _____ ______（have）a shower when you _______（call）me yesterday.
答案：1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading
4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called

（四）
間接引語
形成步驟：
（1）不要逗號，冒號，引號
（2）要考慮到人稱的變化（人稱的變化與漢語是一致的）
（3）要考慮時態的變化
（4）要考慮時間狀語、地點狀語和語示代詞的變化。
1. 直接引語變成間接引語時，幾個主要時態的變化規律
直接引語 間接引語
一般現在時 一般過去時
一般將來時 過去將來時
現在進行時 過去進行時
2. 直接引語變成間接引語時，一些詞彙的變化規律
直接引語
1. am / is
2. are
3. have / has
4. will
5. can
6. may 間接引語
1. was
2. were
3. had
4. would
5. could
6. might
用括弧中所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. She said I _____（be）hard-working.
2. Peter told me he _____（be）bored yesterday.
3. She said she _____（go）swimming last Sunday.
4. Bobby said he _____（may）call me later.
5. Antonio told me he _____（read）a book then.
答案：1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading

請轉述他人說的話：
1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom）
2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy）
3. I will call you tomorrow. （Mike）
4. I』m having a surprise party for Lana. （she）

（五）
if引導的條件狀語從句
結構：if＋一般現在時，主語＋將來時
含義：如果……，將要……
例如：If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你請求他，他會幫助你。
If need be, we』ll work all night.
如果需要，我們就干個通宵。
根據中文提示，完成句子。
1. 如果你參加聚會，你將會過得很開心。
If you ________ the party, you __________.
2. 如果明天下雨，我們將不去野餐。
If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.
3. 如果你經常聽英文歌，你將會喜歡英語的。
If you often ________, you _________________.
答案：
1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time
2. If it rains tomorrow, we won』t go to the picnic
3. If you often listen to English songs, you』ll like English

二. 完形填空特點及解題思路
（一）題型分類與特點
完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個詞，留下一些空格，要求考生藉助短文保留的部分，從所給的短文整體出發，在正確理解短文意思的基礎上，根據句子和句子間的內在聯系、詞的用法和習慣搭配等，用適當的詞或詞語填空，使補全後的短文意思通順、前後連貫、結構完整。這種題型測試的內容從形式上看是單詞或短語的填空，但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法結構正確，所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語義適用和語法正確兩條原則，只考慮某一側面都可能導致錯誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類：完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。
1. 完形填空選擇題：該題型的特點是將一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格，對每一空格提供若干個選擇項，要求考生通讀短文後，在理解短文意思的基礎上，運用所學的詞彙、句型、語法等語言知識，從所提供的備選項中選出一個最佳答案，使短文內容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相當，字數在150－200個單詞之內，多數設置10個左右空格，所設考點涉及詞彙、語法及對短文內容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設空，以期提供一個語境，對每一空格設置的選項基本都屬於相同或對等的詞類，給判定選擇帶來一定的干擾，側重考查了考生准確運用詞彙的能力及對短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。
2. 選詞填空題：該題型的特點是把抽出的詞打亂順序，不按原文順序排列，放在短文前面或後面的方框內，有時還增加幾個文外的詞，要求考生從中選出適當的詞以正確的形式填入短文空格內。
（A）
Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase （短語）「have a day off」. He 2 , then he had an idea. 「Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? 」he asked the teacher. 「Of course, you can. 」replied （答復）the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher』s door. 「May I have a day off 5 ? 」The teacher was very surprised, 「Didn』t you 6 it just now? 」「Yes, sir. But I can』t be here 7 , either. 」The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, 「Why didn』t you say『May I have two days off? 』」The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. 「But you only 10 us『have a day off! 』」
（ ）1. A. but B. and C. or D. for
（ ）2. A. thought hardly
B. thought hard and hard
C. hard thought
D. thought and thought
（ ）3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr
（ ）4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock
（ ）5. A. also B. again C. too D. once
（ ）6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do
（ ）7. A. tomorrow
B. the day after tomorrow
C. yesterday
D. the day before yesterday
（ ）8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing
（ ）9. A. with B. on C. in D. by
（ ）10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D. were teaching

（B）
請根據內容從所給的15個單詞中選出最恰當的10個填入空白處，使短文完整，有些詞要根據需要作適當的詞形變化。
than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what
A generation gap （代溝）has become a serious problem. I read a _______（1）about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _______（2）after quarrels （爭吵）with parents. I think this is _______（3）they don』t have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _______（4）time in the office. _______（5）they don』t have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _______（6）they don』t have the same topics（話題）to talk about. I want to _______（7）parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _______（8）your parents. They are the people who _______（9）you. So tell them your thoughts （想法）. In this way, you can have a better _______（10）of each other.

完形填空選擇題的一般解題思路是：
1. 跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過空格，通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文，獲得整體印象，做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨，較好地把握短文大意。要在閱讀理解短文意思的基礎上才開始判定選擇，切忌倉促下筆。
2. 結合選項、綜合考慮、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基礎上，再結合所給備選項細讀全文，聯繫上、下文內容，注意從上、下文的語法結構和詞語搭配及從選擇項中尋找解題的提示，以詞、句的意義為先，再從分析句子結構入手，根據短文意思、語法規則、詞語固定搭配等進行綜合考慮，對備選項逐一進行分析、比較和篩選，排除干擾項、初步選定答案。
3. 瞻前顧後、先易後難、各個擊破。動筆時要瞻前顧後、通篇考慮、先易後難。對比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能確定答案的，先跳過這一空格，繼續往下做，最後回過頭來再集中精力解決難點。這時可結合已確定答案的選項再讀一遍短文，隨著對短文理解的深入，可以降低試題的難度，提高選擇的正確率。
4. 復讀全文、逐空驗證、彌補疏漏。完成各道題選擇後，把所選的答案代入原文，再把全文通讀一篇，逐空認真復查。看所選定的答案是否使短文意思前後連貫、順理成章，語法結構是否正確，是否符合習慣表達法。如發現錯誤答案或有疑問的，應再次推敲、反復斟酌、做出修正。
完形填空試題的一般解題思路是：
1. 跳過空格、通讀短文、了解大意。解題時先跳過空格，通讀完形填空的短文，了解全篇的內容和要旨。要重視首句，善於以首句的時態、語氣為立足點，理清文脈，推測全文主題及大意。
2. 復讀短文、確定語義、判斷詞形。把握短文大意後再認真復讀短文，利用上下文的語境，結合所學過的知識，先確定空格處所需詞語的意義，再根據空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當的成分，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據詞語搭配和語法規則，判斷所填的詞的正確形式。
3. 三讀短文、上下參照、驗證答案。在短文的每一空白處填上一個詞後，將完成的短文再細讀一遍，上下參照，連貫思考。把所填的答案放入短文中進行檢驗，可從上、下文內容是否協調一致、順理成章，語法結構是否正確無誤等進行綜合驗證，凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。

（三）課文閱讀指導
1. 初中閱讀
閱讀理解能力
（1）理解主旨要義
（2）理解文中具體信息
（3）根據上下文猜測生詞的意義
（4）做出簡單判斷的推理
（5）理解文章的基本結構
（6）理解作者的意圖和態度
2. 培養良好閱讀習慣
（1）擴大視距
（2）克服聲讀
（3）克服逐字讀
3. 猜測詞文
（1）通過標題或主題句進行預測
（2）文章的標題或主題句可包括作者的意圖和傾向、篇章的總體意義和深層意義，因此通過文章標題或主題句進行預測，以便正確理解。
（3）通過語篇標記進行預測
（4）語篇標記包括關聯詞、轉換詞也包括其他關鍵詞。
（5）利用背景知識預測
（6）利用圖片進行預測

I. 初中八年級英語所有語法

現在完成時
1.構成
現在完成時是由助動詞 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞說明該謂語是屬於現在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞，說明句子的意義。
2.用法
（1）表示動作發生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現在留下了某種影響和結果。常被just, already, yet 等副詞修飾。常與非延續性動詞連用。 如：
-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你（已經）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過。（現在我不餓了）
（2）表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進行。常用延續性動詞，常帶有for和since（自從）等表示一段時間的狀語。
如：He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續教）
I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年沒見到她了。
(3）表示說話前發生過一次或多次的動作，現在成為一種經驗，一般譯為漢語「過」，常帶有twice, ever, never, three times等時間狀語。
如： I have been to Beijing twice. 我去過北京二次。
3．結構
1）陳述句結構：主語＋have( has)（not）+過去分詞＋其它。have not=haven』t has not= hasn』t.
2) 一般疑問句結構：Have( Has )＋主語＋過去分詞＋其它？
3) 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞＋have(has) +主語+ 過去分詞＋其它？
e.g. He has already finished his homework.
He hasn』t finished his homework yet.
Has he finished his homework yet? --Yes, he has. / No, he hasn』t. / No, not yet.
4.現在完成時的時間狀語
1）現在完成時屬於現在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如: yesterday, last Sunday, in1990, three years ago等。但是，在強調動作產生的後果和影響時，可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。
a. 用副詞already和yet。already一般用於肯定句中，yet一般用於否定句和 疑問句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業。
b. 用ever 和never。多用於否定或疑問句中，表示「曾經」或「從未「等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經去過長城嗎？
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過長城。 c. 用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如just（剛剛）, before（以前）, up to now（直到現在）/ until now, in the past (few years/ three days 等), so far (迄今為止) recently 等。 例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前見過她，但記不起在哪裡見過。
He has been there three times the last few days. 近幾年他去過那裡三次了。 d.用包括「現在」在內的時間狀語，如：today, this morning (month ,year, term等.例如：-Have you met him today? - No, I haven't. 今天你見過他嗎？我沒有。
How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去過那裡多少次？
2） 現在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示「一段時間」的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態從某一時刻開始，一直持續到現在。如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等終止性動詞不能與表示「一段時間」的狀語連用。要用，必須改為「be（在）」等延續性動詞來表述。現歸納總結一下由非延續性動詞到延續性動詞的轉換：
arrive → be here begin (start) → be on die →be dead come back → be back leave → be away fall ill (sick, asleep) → be ill (sick, asleep) go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on get up →be up join →be in / be a member of… open → be open close →be closed go to school→ be a student borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study → study come to work→ work
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。或He has been in the army for there years. 不可以說He has joined the army for there years.
His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。（不可以說has died）
The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鍾了。（不可以說has begun）
We have studied English for three years. （不可以說have begun） 我們（開始）學英語已三年了。
5. 現在完成時和一般過去時的區別
現在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作。但現在完成時強調的是這一動作與現在的關系。如對現在產生的結果或影響等，而一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻發生，不表示和現在的關系。試比較：
I have lost my new book. 我把新書丟了。（現在還未找到）
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新書丟了。（昨天丟的，現在找到與否沒說明）
6.幾點注意事項 （1）have been(to)與have gone( to)的區別：have been(to) 表示「去過某地（現在已經回來了）」，可用於各人稱；have gone(to) 表示「去某地了（說話時某人不在當地）」，常用於第 三人稱，前者可與once ,never, several times等連用，後者則不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們去過北京兩次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 （2）「It is或has been + 一段時間+ since引導的時間狀語從句」表示「某人干某事已經多長時間了」。since從句的謂語要用非延續性動詞 若動詞延續，則譯成相反的意思。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有三年了。 It is two years since his father lived here. 他爸爸不住這兒已有三年了。 （3）終止性動詞現在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續的狀態，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。 （4）.提問for短語或since狀語用how long。
(5).完成時的否定形式與比較級連用表達最高級含義。如：
I have never seen a better film.我從未看過一部更好的電影。（這部最好）
註：否定式與比較級連用表示最高級含義不一定用於完成時態。如：
--- What about going fishing? --- I can』t agree more.(我再同意不過了哦)
.語法—直接引語變間接引語（多數情況下變為賓語 從句）
(1). 直接引語如果是陳述句，變為間接引語時，用連詞that 引導（口語中可以省略引導詞）賓語從句。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語：
a. 「I』ll visit my aunt tomorrow.」 Lily said. ____________________________.
b. Our teacher often say to us,」 It』s important to finish your homework.」
_______________________________________________________
c. They said they would meet at 9:00 p.m. that night.
「_______________________________________.」they said.
d. Lana said that she wasn』t mad at Marcia anymore.
Lana said』」_______________________________.」
(2). 直接引語如果是一般疑問句，變為間接引語時，變為由連詞if 或whether引導的賓語從句。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語：
a. 「Will you have a surprise party for me?」 he asked me.
_______________________________________________
b. She asked Tom,」 Can you help me?」 ___________________________ c. He asked me if I knew who killed the cat.
He asked ，」__________________________________?」
(3). 直接引語如果是特殊疑問句，變為間接引語時，疑問詞不變，賓語從句用陳述語序。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語：
a. The teacher asked,」 Why are all the windows open?」
______________________________________________.
b. 「When will you find out the time?」 she asked me.
______________________________________________.
c. 「What』s the matter with you, Alice?」 he asked.
_____________________________________
d. They asked me where my friends were.
____________________________________________
(4).直接引語如果是肯定型祈使句，變為間接引語時，謂語變為tell sb. to do 或ask sb. to do 等句式。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語：
a. 「Make sure the door is closed，」 she said to her little son.
____________________________________________________.
b. 「Tell me the news, please.」 Li Hui said to me.
____________________________________________________.
c. He asked me to take care of his pet dog.
「_______________________________，」 he said to me.
(5).直接引語如果是否定型祈使句，變為間接引語時，謂語變為tell sb.not to do 或ask sb. not to do等。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語：a. 「Don』t smoke in the room,」 he said to me.
________________________________________________.
b. 「Don』t shout at the old man,」 I said to him.________________________
c. Our teacher told us not to talk in class.
「____________________________, 「 our teacher said to us.
d. My mother told me ___ others when they are in trouble.
A. not to laugh at B. don』t laugh at C. not laugh at D. never laugh at

2. if 條件句 在一般將來時的句子里（指主句），時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句等的謂語動詞用一般現在時代替將來時。當主句含有情態動詞或主句為祈使句時，從句也用一般現在時。如：You must pay for it if you lose it.

附加疑問句
附加疑問句由「陳述句 + 附加疑問句」兩部分構成。一般有兩種形式：前肯後否或前否後肯。對附加疑問部分應注意以下幾點： 1）主語只能用人稱代詞；2）附加疑問句的not必須與（be /助/情）縮寫；3）附加疑問句的時態必須與陳述部分的時態一致。
Tom is a worker, isn』t Tom? (改錯) _______ You can swim, can not you? ( 改錯) ______
特別注意以下幾種反意疑問句
1.陳述部分含否定意味的詞如few,little,never,nothing,nobody,no,hardly,none,seldom等時，附加疑問句應使用肯定形式；但如果陳述句部分含有un-, in-, im-, dis-等否定前綴構成的派生詞時，該陳述句部分仍做肯定處理，疑問部分用否定形式。
He hardly speaks English, does he? They are unhappy, aren』t they?
2. this/that作主語時，無論是否指人，疑問部分用it；these/those用they。
This is your brother, isn』t it? Those are books,_______________?
3.陳述部分的主語如果是one, 疑問部分主語用one或he。One can』t be always young, can one/ he?
4.陳述部分的主語是everything, something, nothing, anything時，附加疑問句的主語應用it；陳述部分的主語是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no one時，附加疑問句的主語應用they或he。
Everything is ready, ___________? Everyone is here, ____________?
5.陳述部分是祈使句時，附加疑問句一般用：will you? 但注意：
Let』s…（包括聽者在內）, 附加疑問句一般用shall we? Let us/him/me …（不包括聽者在內）， 附加疑問句一般用will you? Let』s go for a walk, shall we? Let him come in, will you?
6.陳述部分是there be結構時，應用be there?結構來完成。 There』s little water, _________？
7..陳述部分含that引導的賓語從句時，疑問部分通常與主句一致。但當主句陳述部分是」I / We think (believe, suppose) +賓語從句」時，附加問句應與從句一致。I』m sure + 賓語從句也是如此
1).She said I did it, _________? 2)We don』t think you are right，________?
3) I』m sure you』ll help me, ____________?
8.如果陳述部分是I am… , 附加疑問部分為aren』t I? I am older than you, __________?
9.陳述部分含had better, would like時， 疑問部分分別用hadn』t…?和wouldn』t…? You』d better go out , _______________? You』d like to go there, ____________________?
10.陳述部分是感嘆句，附加問句的人稱代詞應與主語一致，疑問部分用否定形式。 What a kind girl, isn』t she? What a fine day, ___________?
11.the+形容詞表示一類人，其附加疑問句主語用復數代詞。 The poor had no right to speak at that time, did they?
12. 由neither…nor，either… or ， not only…but also ， both…and ， not…but，…or…， …and…等連接的並列主語，附加疑問部分用復數。
Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? Both Jack and Tom went there, didn』t they?
13.當陳述部分含有have to時，附加疑問部分的助動詞應根據have 的變化，分別用don』t， doesn』t， didn』t。 He has to take your advice, doesn』t he?
14.當陳述部分的主語是從句、不定式、動名詞或片語時，附加疑問部分的主語通常用it。 What he said at the meeting is very important, isn』t it? Swimming in rivers is a good sport, _____________?
15.當陳述部分含有wish時，附加疑問部分的助動詞用may。I wish to use your computer, may I?
16. 當陳述部分的謂語是「used to+動詞原形（過去常常干某事）」時，疑問部分用「didn』t+主語」或「usedn』t +主語」。 He used to live in London, didn』t he? / usedn』t he?

J. 求文檔: 《英語(新目標)》教材八年級上冊語法

新目標人教版八年級英語語法知識講解
重難點知識講解：形容詞的比較級和最高級
比較級的定義：大多數的形容詞都有三個級別：原級、比較級、最高級。
其中比較級表示「更……」，用於兩者之間的比較，用來說明「前者比後者更……」，
比較級前面一般用much, even, a little修飾，其中even, much 只能修飾比較級。
二、比較級的構成：
(1)規則變化：①單音節和部分雙音節的形容詞一般在詞尾加-er:
Eg: calm---calmer tall---taller smart---smarter
②以字母e結尾的直接在詞尾加 -r:
Eg: nice---nicer fine---finer large---larger
③以「輔音+y 結尾的詞，變y為 i，再加-er」
Eg: early---earlier happy---happier busy---busier
④以重讀閉音節的單個輔音字母結尾的詞，雙寫輔音字母，再加-er :
Eg: big---bigger thin---thinner hot---hotter
⑤多音節或部分雙音節的形容詞在原級前面加more :
Eg: popular---more popular important---more important
(2) 不規則變化：少數形容詞的比較級變化是不規則的：
(3)good---better bad/ill---worse many/much---more
little---less far---farther/further old---older/elder
三、比較級的用法:
(一)當兩個人或事物（A和B）進行比較時，我們需要用到形容詞（副詞）的原級或者比較級
1表達「A和B一樣」，用as…as的結構。
公式: A+be動詞+as+形容詞原級+as…+B
A+實義動詞+as+副詞原級+as…+B
Eg I am as tall as you.我和你一樣高。 He doesn』t run as fast as I. 他沒有我跑得快。
2．表達「A不如B」用not as…as的結構。
公式: A+be動詞的否定形式+as+形容詞原級+as…+B
A+助詞的否定形式+動詞+as+形容詞原級+as…+B
Eg I am not as tall as you.我沒有你高。
He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一樣快。
3表達「A大於B」用「比較級+than」的結構。
公式: A+be動詞+形容詞比較級+than+B…
A+實義動詞+副詞比較級+than+B…
Eg I am taller than you.我比你高。
He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快。
(二)關於形容詞、副詞比較級的更多用法
1．比較級前面可以加上表示「優劣程度」的詞或短語，意思是「更…」，「…得…」。
常見詞有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。
Eg He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。
I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一點點。
想一想，這些詞能修飾形容詞或副詞的原級嗎？
2.比較級前面可以加上表示具體數量差別的結構,表示具體「大多少」，
「小多少」，「長多少」，「短多少」等。
Eg I am two years older than he.我比他大兩歲。
This building is 20 meters higher than that one.
3．「比較級+and+比較級」表示「越來越……」。
It is getting warmer and warmer．天氣越來越暖和。
He is running faster and faster．他跑得越來越快。
0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful．我們祖國越來越美了。
4．「the more…， the more…」表示「越……，就越……」，
The more，the better.多多益善。
The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越細心，犯錯就越少。
5．「the more…of the two…」表示「兩個當中較。。。的一個」
The taller of the two boys is my brother.

四.當三個或三個以上的人或事物進行比較時，我們需要用到形容詞（副詞）的最高級
1. 表達「…是…中最…的」,用「the+形容詞（副詞）的最高級」的結構。 後面可以加上
表示範圍的介詞短語或從句。
公式： 主語+be動詞+the +形容詞最高級+（名詞）+表示範圍的介詞短語或從句
主語+實義動詞+（the） +形容詞最高級+表示範圍的介詞短語或從句
Eg He is the tallest (student) in our class.
He jumps the highest of the three boys.
This is the best book that I have ever read.

2．表示「最…的…中一個」，用「one of +the +最高級+復數名詞」的結構來表達。
Eg He is one of the best students in our class.他是我們班最好的學生之一。
This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.這是花園里最漂亮的花之。
注意：(一) 形容詞的最高級前面有定冠詞the , 而副詞的最高級前面定冠詞the可以省略。
但在形容詞最高級前有物主代詞時，不能要定冠詞the.
（二）常見的用來表示範圍的介詞有in, of, among

五、運用形容詞、副詞比較級應當注意的問題：
(一)、按語法規則，than後面的人稱代詞應當用主格，但口語當中有時會用賓格代替主格。
Eg He is more careful than I (me).
(二)、只有同類的事物才能比較
e.g 1. Her bag is bigger than mine.
不能說 Her bag is bigger than I.
2 The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.
不能說The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang.

【語法專項練習題】
That boy looks as as a boxer.
A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. more strong
2、Then Summer Palace is than Zhong Shan park.
A. biger B. more big C. the biggest D. bigger
3、Which do you like , apples or oranges?
A. good B. better C. best D. well
4、--Oh, the food is bad.
--I think so .And the service(服務) is __________.
A．the worst B. worse C. badder D. the worse
5、--You are the same coat as I.
--Yes, Mine is , but not so as yours.
A:better, expensive B. better, more expensive
C. much better, more expensive D. good, more expensive
The experts think that India』s population may be than China』s 2020.
A. much, by B. more, in C. larger, by D. larger, on
This year our school is than it was last year.
A.much beautiful B.the most beautiful C.beautifuler D.much more beautiful
8 you work, knowledge you will get.
A.The harder, more B.The harder, the more C. Harder, the more D. Harder, more
9.He has friends than I.A.much more B.many more C. very more D. too more
10.She draws better than . A. us all B. we all C. all us D. all we
11.Shanghai is larger than city in China.
A. any B. any other C. the others D. any else
I』m not sure whether Mary can sing Ann.
A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. so good as
I have fewer apples than . A. he B. his C. hers D. mine
The news is surprising. A. much B. very C. more D. very much
The population of China is larger than .
A.America B.the one of Americas C.that of America D. Americans
Which is ________clothing store in your town?
A. the best B. the better C. the most good D. best
My sister is ________person I know.
A. the funniest B. the funnier C . the most fun D. funniest
Is Mr Du _______ teacher in your school?
A. the most busy B.the busier C. the most busiest D. the busiest
He is ________more beuutiful than I.
A. too B. enough C. much D. very
The box is ______heavy .I can』t move it.
A. much B. more C. enough D. too
The book is the______one in the bookshop．
A.the most cheap B.the expensive C.the most expensive D.the less expensiver
I have _______ apples and ______milk than you.
A. many, little B. more, less C. more, least D. many, less
23、You should study English hard, because it』s getting_______ in our country .
A.more and more important B.more important and more important
C. importanter and importanter D. important and important
24.Her brother is ___than she. A. 7 year older B.7 year old C.7 years old D. 7 years older
25.The Famous People Talent Show was one of ______that I have ever seen.
A. the most fantastic show B. most fantastic shows
C. the more fantastic shows D. the most fantastic shows