『壹』 九年級全一冊英語，第14單元語法聚焦翻譯。
七年級發生了什麼特別的事情嗎？
我們隊贏得了學校籃球比賽。
自從進入初中以來，你有什麼變化嗎？
我的英語說的更好了。
你認為在高中事情會有什麼不同呢？
我認為我將不得不為了考試而更加努力地學習。
你明年的計劃是什麼?
我將要參加學校排球隊。
你對八年級有什麼印象？
我記得我是一名志願者。
你過去常做而現在不做的事是什麼?
我以前上過舞蹈課，但現在不上了。
你期待的是什麼?
我期待著上高中。
拓展資料：
英文語法中插入句為簡短的、具有完整意義的句子。常見的插入句如下： I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose， I am sure （我可以肯定地說）， that is （ to say ）（也就是說）， it seems （看來是）， as I see it （照我看來）， what's more， what's worse， what is important / serious （重要 / 嚴重的是）， I'm afraid （恐怕） ， it is said （據說）， as we all know （眾所周知）等。
插入句獨立性強，一般用標點符號將其與其他句子成分隔開。應當特別注意疑問句的插入句，它一般為倒裝語序且無任何標點符號，而且整個疑問句應當保持陳述語序。例如：
（ 1 ） What should I do first？
What do you think I should do first？ （被插入的疑問句原來為倒裝語序，插入後成為陳述語序）
（ 2 ） Who is singing？
Who do you think is singing？ （被插入的疑問句原來就是陳述語序，不需要做調整）
『貳』 求初一到初三所有英語語法
A）、名詞的數
我們知道名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞,而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式,但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分,復數的構成如下：
一）在後面加s.如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二）x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es.如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三）1）以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2）以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s.如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四）以o結尾加s（外來詞）.如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五）以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s).如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六）單復數相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七）一般只有復數,沒有單數的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
『叄』 初一至初三所有英語語法現象 筆記
初一：
一、形容詞與副詞：
1、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級：
（1）形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的構成。a.規則變化；b.不規則變化；
a.規則變化:
一般是加er和 est
b.不規則變化:
1)當有y結尾的，改y為i加er和est
2)當有重讀的閉音節時（如big是閉音節，而且重讀，一般是單音節，少數是雙音節）時，雙寫末尾字母再加er和est
3)大多數雙音節詞和所有多音節詞，在前面加more和most
4)特殊詞有特殊的比較級和最高級
good-better-best
bad-worse-worst
hit-hit-hit
（2）形容詞副詞的比較級和最高級的用法；
1. -Which is ____ season in Beijing?(2003年)
-I think it's autumn.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
解析：正確答案為D。該題的核心詞為season。根據比較級與最高級的知識，兩者之間用比較級，而三者或三者以上用最高級，北京有四季，因此本題應選擇最高級。又因為形容詞最高級前要加定冠詞the，因此答案為D。
2. - Which is__________ , the sun, the moon or the earth?(2004年)
-- Of course, the moon is.
A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest
解析：正確答案為D。該題的核心詞在第一句句尾，"the sun, the moon or the earth",提問的對象為三者，應該選擇最高級。
3. The air in Beijing is getting much _____ now than a few years ago.(2005年)
A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest
解析：正確答案為B。該題的核心詞為than，than一詞是比較級的標志。
4. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _____ than before.(2005年)
A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest
解析：正確答案為B。該題與第三題相似，核心詞為than。
（3）「as+形容詞/副詞原型+as」和「so+形容詞/副詞原型+as」的用法。
as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as
1）在否定句或疑問句中可用so… as.
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
補充知識：
2）當as… as 中間有名詞時採用以下格式。
as +形容詞+ a +單數名詞
as + many/much +名詞
This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can……
1）用表示倍數的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時，放在as的前面。
This room is twice as big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
2）倍數+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍數+ then + of
This bridge is three times as long as that one.
This bridge is three times the length of that one.
Your room is twice as large as mine.
Your room is twice the size of mine.
比較級形容詞或副詞 + than
You are taller than I.
They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.
注意：
1）要避免重復使用比較級。
（錯）He is more cleverer than his brother.
（對）He is more clever than his brother.
（對）He is clever than his brother.
2）要避免將主語含在比較對象中。
（錯）China is larger that any country in Asia.
（對）China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
3）要注意對應句型，遵循前後一致的原則。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
4）要注意冠詞的使用，後有名詞的時候，前面才有可能有名詞。
比較：
Which is large，Canada or Australia？
Which is the larger country，Canada or Australia？
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
二、冠詞：
冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨使用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義。英語中的冠詞有三種，一種是定冠詞（the Definite Article），另一種是不定冠詞（the Indefinite Article），還有一種是零冠詞（Zero Article）。
1、不定冠詞的用法；
不定冠詞a (an)與數詞one 同源，是"一個"的意思。a用於輔音音素前，一般讀作[e]，而an則用於母音音素前，一般讀做[en]。
1) 表示"一個"，意為one；指某人或某物，意為a certain。
A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.
2) 代表一類人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr. Smith is an engineer.
補充： 片語或成語。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a
hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden
2、定冠詞的用法；
定冠詞the與指示代詞this，that同源，有"那（這）個"的意思，但較弱，可以和一個名詞連用，來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。
1）特指雙方都明白的人或物：
Take the medicine. 把葯吃了。
2）上文提到過的人或事：
He bought a house. I've been to the house.
他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。
3）指世上獨一物二的事物：
the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth
4）單數名詞連用表示一類事物，如：the dollar 美元;
the fox 狐狸；或與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類人：the rich 富人; the living
生者。
5）用在序數詞和形容詞最高級，及形容詞only， very， same等前面：
Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二層。
That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的東西。
6）與復數名詞連用，指整個群體：
They are the teachers of this school.指全體教師)
They are teachers of this school. (指部分教師)
7）表示所有，相當於物主代詞，用在表示身體部位的名詞前：
She caught me by the arm.. 她抓住了我的手臂。
8）用在某些由普通名詞構成的國家名稱、機關團體、階級、等專有名詞前：
the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國
the United States 美國
9）用在表示樂器的名詞之前： She plays the piano. 她會彈鋼琴。
10) 用在姓氏的復數名詞之前，表示一家人： 給分哈
『肆』 初中階段，英語教材中的語法點分別有哪些。麻煩根據七年級至九年級的順序回答。謝謝
我也認為很難回答，一共有5冊書呢。而且囊括了英語中的所有語法。高中只是在初中的基礎上有所加大難度。
『伍』 關於人教版初中英語初一至初三所有所學語法
建議你買一本薄冰的《初中英語語法》（詳解），裡面語法點很多，整理全面，你看了便一目瞭然了。
有志者事竟成！
『陸』 七年級下冊英語5單元語法焦點翻譯
托福閱讀考試離不開詞彙的考核，下面小編整理了托福閱讀考試的核心詞彙，希望能幫助大家備考。
61.in favor of 贊同，支持
The artist was in favor of a traditional style of painting.
62.in quantity 大量，大批
There were also a number of poor-quality figurines and painted pots proced in quantity by easy, inexpensive means.
63.in season 當季
Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season.
64.in spite of 盡管，任憑
In spite of problems with their condition, restoration, and preservation many panel paintings have survived.
65.in the absence of 在缺乏…的情況下
The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities.
66.in view of 由於
In view of the rate at which the radio sources emit energy, they should disappear in a few million years.
67.instead of 代替
Instead of working with light, however, he worked with microwaves.
68.invest in 投資
He started to invest in the town』s cultural development.
69.lead to 導致，引起
In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves that will lead to biological devastation.
70.leave out 排除
Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered.
71.off the mark 不正確
This analogy is not far off the mark.
72.on behalf of 代表
Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth though rarely to any action on behalf of truth.
73. on the basis of 在…的基礎上
Antoine Lavisher, on the basis of careful experimentation, was led to propose a different theory of burning
74.owing to 由於，因為
Marine sediment is by far the most important environment for the preservation of fossils, owing to the incredible richness of marine life.
75.perceive sth as sth 認為
Although art deco in its many forms was largely perceived as thoroughly modern, it was strongly influenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded it.
76.pick up 學會
Alts make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues.
77.put off 推遲
Some tasks could not be done in the winter, other had to be put off ring harvest time.
78.regardless of 不顧
Ultimately, literature is aesthetically valued, regardless of language, culture, or mode of presentation.
79.result from 因..而產生
Most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding.
80.result in 結果，導致
The upward movement of fieldstones should result in pure soil.
81.set about 開始，動手
African American artists of this period set about creating a new portrayal of themselves and their lives in the United States.
82. set aside 留下將來用
Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for instrial or commercial development.
83.so far 到目前為止
The Paris Exhibition of 1889 included both the widest span and the greatest height achieved so far.
84.sort out 把…分類
Clay particles are sorted out by size and weight.
85.spring up 涌現
In the early colonial day in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline.
86.stem from 起源於
It can be argued that much of New York City』s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation.
87.stretch out 伸展，伸出
The resies from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.
88.strive for 為…而奮斗
As they began to strive for social and cultural independence，their attitudes toward themselves changed.
89.take account of sth./take sth into account 考慮到
Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces, and taking that into account when executing their public commissions.
90.take advantage of 利用
Many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy procts to achieve more varied fare.
『柒』 初一至初三英語的全部語法
買一本《五年中考三年模擬》吧，是本好教材，講的很詳細，我中考時用的就是他
『捌』 七年級人教版英語書上下冊語法焦點
（一）be動詞。 1、be動詞包括am, are, is。 2、be動詞的用法。 am → 主語是單數第一人稱（即I）。e.g. I am… be are → 單數第二人稱及所有復數。e.g. You are… The coats are… is → 單數第三人稱及不可數名詞。 e.g. Your father is… The money is… 3、否定句式（即改否定句）：在be動詞之後+not, 句子其它部位不變。 e.g. He is not a teacher. 4、縮寫形式。 ①主語+be，縮寫be第一個字母為 』，再與主語合並。 e.g. you are → you』re Jack is → Jack』s ② be+not否定形式的縮寫，縮寫not中「o」為 』, 再與be合並。 e.g. is not→isn』t are not→aren』t ③不能縮寫的情況：this is, these are, those are, am not及縮略的肯定回答。 e.g. Yes, I am. (I』m 誤) 5、含be動詞句子的疑問句型轉換。 ①一般疑問句：將be動詞提前，其它照抄不變，最後+？，讀升調。（一般第一人稱改為第二人稱） e.g. The man in the car is her father. → Is the man in the car her father? I』m a middle school student. → Are you a middle school student? ②一般疑問句的肯否定回答。 肯定回答： Yes, 主語+be. 否定回答： No, 主語+be+not. e.g. Is he old? Are you a new student? Is your father at home? Yes, he is. Yes, I am. Yes, he is. No, he is not.(isn』t) No, I』m not. No, he is not.(isn』t) 注意：①主語必須用代詞回答；②肯定回答不能縮寫；③回答第二人稱，用第一人稱回答。 ③特殊疑問句（就劃線部分提問）。 1) 方法：將句子被提問(即被劃線)的部分改為相對應的疑問詞，然後置於句首，接著再將be動詞或情態動詞提前 (置於疑問詞之後)，其它部分照抄不變，最後+？(即疑問詞+一般疑問句？) e.g. The man in a red cap is her brother. → Who is the man in a red cap? I can sing English songs. → What can you do? 2) 注意：①被提問部分不能再寫。 ②提問動詞(即提問做某事)，在改句子時注意還「do」，表示做什麼？ 3) 相應的疑問詞。 1. 事物 → what e.g. That is a cat. → What is that? 2. 地點 → where He is at home? → Where is he? 3. 人 → who The man is his father. → Who is the man? 4. 怎樣(程度，方式) → how She』s fine. → How is she? He can go to school by bus. →How can he go to school? 5. 年齡 → how old Our grandpa is 80. → How old is your grandpa? 6. 班級 → what class We are in Class 2, Grade 1. → What class are you in? 7. 數字 → what My phone number is 2212121→What』s your phone number? 8. 顏色 → what color His car is yellow. → What color is his car? 9. 時間 → what time I can get there at six. → What time can you get there? when I can go with you on Sunday. → When can you go with me? 10. 價錢 → how much The bag is twenty yuan. → How much is the bag? （二）代詞： 1、代詞的形式 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 單數 復數 單數 復數 單數 復數 主 格 I we you you he she it they 賓 格 me us you you him her it them 物主代詞 my our your your his her its their 我(的) 我們(的) 你們(的) 你們(的) 他(的) 她(的) 它(的) 他們(的) 2、代詞的用法 ①動作的發出者，代詞用主格，(一般在句首，動詞前)。 e.g. He often writes to me. ②動作的承受者，代詞用賓格，(一般在句末，動詞後、介詞後)。 e.g. Let』s ask him. Let』s play with them. ③物的主人，用物主代詞。(即代詞所有格) 形容詞性物主代詞後一定要帶物，不能單獨使用，一般用在名詞前。 e.g. This is their classroom. That is my bike. It is her red coat. （三）所有格：表示物或人的「所屬」關系。 1、名詞所有格的形式： ① 名詞之後直接+』s e.g. Mary―Mary』s Kate―Kate』s ② 以s結尾的名詞只加 ' e.g. students―students』 2、以上形式一般只用於有生命的名詞，但也可用於表示時間、距離、國家、地點等無生命的名詞。e.g. today』s newspaper; an hour』s walk; China』s city 3、注意： ①表示兩者或多者共有，在最後一個名詞+ 』s。 e.g. Mike and Jim』s room.（共用，用單數） ②如果不是共有，指各有，則各詞都應+』s。 e.g. Mike』s and Jim』s rooms. (各有，用復數) 4、表示無生命的名詞所有格用of短語表示，但注意詞序與漢語習慣不同，形式為：名詞+of+名詞（前者屬於後者）。 e.g. the door of the room. 那房間的門 the picture of my family. 我的家庭的照片 5、注意：有時』s 結構可以轉化為of 短語。（對等） e.g. his father』s friends → the friends of his father. the girl』s new computer → the new computer of the girl. the dog』s name → the name of the dog 但不是所有of 結構都有對等的』s結構。因為』s 只用於有生命的詞。 （四）名詞的數。 1、名詞的概念：名詞是指表示人、事物、地點或抽象概念名稱的詞， 如：teacher, school, morning, thanks, ty. 名詞按其所表示的事物的性質分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。 2、可數名詞。 1）可數名詞是指可以用數目計算是名詞，有單復數兩種形式。 可數名詞包括個體名詞：e.g. apple , student. 集體名詞：e.g. class people 2）用法： ① 單數名詞前可用a, an修飾； ② 之前可以直接用數詞； ③ 之前可用a lot of, lots of，many, some等修飾； ④ 提問其數量用How many + 復數名詞； 3）可數名詞的復數形式： 英語名詞復數的構成有規則變化和不規則變化兩種形式。 A 規則變化： ① 一般在單詞的結尾直接+s； book ― books ② 如果單詞以s, x, ch, sh等結尾，+es； bus ― buses ③ 若以輔音字母+y結尾，變y為i+es； city ― cities story ― stories ④ 以f或fe結尾，變f或fe為ves；wife ― wives knife ― knives ⑤ 以o結尾， tomato — tomatoes； photo— photos； ⑥ 兩個名詞用在一起構成合成名詞變復數時，只把合成名詞的主體名詞變成復數。 e.g. banana trees ⑦ 但是以woman, man等名詞與其後面的名詞構成合成名詞變復數時，裡面所含的成分全部要變成復數。three women teachers B 不規則變化： ① 單復數同形 Chinese中國人 Japanese日本人 ② 只作復數 trousers clothes chips thanks people(人們) ③ 特殊變化： man―men woman―women foot―feet child―children 3、不可數名詞。 1）不可數名詞是指不可以用數目計算是名詞，它一般沒有復數形式。 不可數名詞包括物質名詞：broccoli. 抽象名詞：work, homework. 2）用法：① 不用a, an修飾； ② 前面可用a lot of, lots of, much, some, a little等修飾； ③ 作主語時，都視為單數； ④ 提問其數量時用How much； e.g. How much money do you have? （五）祈使句： 1、祈使句表示請求，命令，建議等，它沒有主語（其實是省略了主語you）， 以動詞開頭，動詞要用原形，句末用「！」或「.」，讀降調。有時為了使語氣比較委婉，常在句首或句末加上please.在句末時要用逗號隔開。 e.g. Sit down, please! Let』s go to school. 2、祈使句的否定形式： 一般在句首加Don』t. e.g. Play the piano. → Don』t play the piano. （七）一般現在時。 1、一般現在時的用法： ①表示現在的狀態或特徵，謂語動詞一般是be。 e.g. They are at work. She is very old. ②表示經常性或習慣性動作，謂語動詞一般是實義動詞。 e.g. We go to school from Monday to Friday. ③表示主語具備的性格和能力。 e.g. I like swimming. Do you speak English? ④普遍真理。e.g. Two plus four is six. The earth goes around the sun. 2、一般時態（一般現在時）的謂語形式。 ①動詞be 的人稱變化： （略） ②實義動詞的變化：主語為單數第三人稱，實義動詞應+s或es。 (其變化類同於名詞的復數形式) 主語為其他人稱時，實義動詞不變。 3、一般現在時的句型變化。 1）be動詞的句式：（略） 2）實義動詞的句式：改否定句及疑問句都應藉助助動詞do或does。 (當主語為單數第三人稱時，用does, 同時應將其後的謂語動詞還原形)。 ① 改否定句：在實義動詞之前+don』t或doesn』t. e.g. We go to school on Sundays. → We don』t go to school on Sundays. He does his homework after supper. → He doesn』t do his homework after supper. ② 改一般疑問句：在句首添加Do或Does，其他照抄，最後加問號。 e.g. They speak English. → Do they speak English? He goes home at five every day. → Does he go home at five every day? ③ 一般疑問句的肯否定回答。 Yes, 主語do. No, 主語don』t. Yes, 主語does. No, 主語doesn』t. e.g. Do they speak English? Does he go home at five every day? Yes, they do. Yes, he does. No, they don』t. No, he doesn』t. ④ 改特殊疑問句：疑問代詞＋一般疑問句？(do/does＋其他？) e.g. I like to eat apple. What do you like to eat? He goes to school every day. Where does he go every day? 4、often, five days a week, every day, on Sundays, sometimes等表示頻度的狀語通常位於be動詞之後，實義動詞之前，若句子出現頻度副詞，通常用一般現在時
『玖』 跪求新目標英語初一到初三的語法大全
1，一般現在時
2，一般過去時
3，一般將來時
4，現在進行時
還有幾種詞
1，名詞
2，代詞
3，形容詞
4，動詞
5，冠詞
have sb do sth 讓某人做某事
speng sth doing sth花....做某事
observe sb do sth注意到某人做某事
allow sb to do sth允許某人做某事
respect sb for sth 因某事尊敬某人
argue sb into doing sth說服某人做某事
encourage sb to do sth鼓勵某人干某事
represent sth to sb向某人陳述某事
inteng sb to do sth打算讓某人做某事
prepare sb to do sth讓某人准備做某事
drive sb to do sth迫使某人做某事
begen to do sth開始做某事
used to do sth過去常常干某事
see sb do sth看到某人做某事
imagine sb doing sth想要某人做某事
invite sb to do sth邀請某人做某事
advise sb to do sth勸告某人做某事
decided to do sth決定做某事
apply to do sth建議某人做某事
y是個很常用的介詞（有時也用作副詞），在初中英語中的用法有以下幾種： 1.意為「在……旁」、「靠近」。如： Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大樹下唱歌跳舞，有的在湖邊畫畫兒。 2.意為「不遲於」、「到……時為止」。如： Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的兒子在晚飯前會好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上個學期末你們已經學了多少首英語歌曲？ 3.表示方法、手段，可譯作「靠」、「用」、「憑借」、「通過」、「乘坐」等。如： The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在樹上哈哈大笑。 The boy』s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父親是那麼的感激，於是他教愛迪生怎樣通過鐵路電報來傳達信息。 4.表示「逐個」、「逐批」的意思。如： One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他們一個一個得在黑暗中經過這張桌子。5.表示「根據」、「按照」的意思。如：What time is it by your watch? 你的表幾點了? 6.和take , hold等動詞連用，說明接觸身體的某一部分。如： I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用於被動句中，表示行為主體，常譯作「被」、「由」等。如： English is spoken by many people. 英語被許多人所說。（即「許多人講英語。」） 8.組成其它短語。 1) by the way : 意為「順便說」、「順便問一下」，常做插入語。如： By the way , where』s Li Ping , do you know?
順便問一下，李平在哪兒。你知道嗎？ 2) by oneself : 意為「單獨」、「自行」。如： I can』t leave her by herself. 我不能把她單獨留下。 3) by and by : 意為「不久以後」、「不一會兒」。如： But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以後，越來越多的人開始學英語了。
二、動名詞的構成動詞後加動名詞doing，相當於名詞，在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語定語等。1）★作主語（這種用法常考）
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方與北方開戰了。2）作賓語Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
請問你介意調小一點收音機的音量嗎？3）作表語Babysister』s job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服，作飯和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法：（1）肯定句：used這個詞沒有人稱的變化，to後面接動詞原形。
否定句是didn』t use to….
When I was a child, I didn』t use to like apples.當我還是孩子的時候我不喜歡蘋果.
疑問形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?當你來這兒之前你住哪兒？
（2）含有used to 的句子的反意疑問句不要usedn』t + 主語，而用didn』t ＋ 主語。He used to smoke, didn』t he? 他過去常常吸煙，是嗎？Yes, he did./ No, he didn』t. 是的，他吸。/ 不，他不吸。
（3）used to 表示過去的習慣動作， 而不是現在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已經習慣於這里的天氣了。He is used to hard work. 他習慣於艱苦的工作。
（4）used to 可以和be, have 以及其他狀態動詞連用，描寫過去的狀態。 I used to be a waiter, but now I』m a taxi-driver.我過去是一個服務員，但現在我是計程車司機。
★ 本單元的許多運用used to 的句子屬於描述過去的狀態。Mario used to be short.馬力奧過去總是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing.愛米過去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜過去有一頭直的長頭發。He used to wear black shoes. 他過去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本單元重點講到了被動語態的用法英語動詞的被動語態由助動詞be加及物動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞be有時態，人稱和數的變化，其變化規則與連系動詞be完全一樣。
一、被動語態的句式變化： 以一般現在時和動詞invite為例，列表說明被動語態的句式變化：
二、各種時態的被動語態結構總結如下： 被動語態的時態是由be的時態決定的，be是什麼時態，全句就是什麼時態，be動詞後面的過去分詞不變。一般現在時的被動語態為：主＋am / is / are （not）＋過去分詞一般過去時的被動語態為：主＋was / were ＋過去分詞
例如：我們學過的was / were born 生於，就是一個被動語態.born是個過去分詞（bear）－When were you born ? －I was born in 1989. 現在進行時被動語態的構成為: 主語＋is / am / are + being ＋過去分詞
現在完成時被動語態的構成為: 主語＋have / has ＋been ＋過去分詞
情態動詞的被動語態: 情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞
一般將來時的被動語態: 主語＋will ＋be ＋過去分詞
過去將來時的被動語態: 主語＋would / should + be ＋過去分詞
過去進行時的被動語態: 主語＋was / were + being ＋過去分詞
過去完成時的被動語態: 主語＋had + been +過去分詞
三、被動語態的用法：（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰，不用by＋動作執行者短語 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都廣泛地踢足球。
（2）強調動作的承受者，這時應用by短語。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午這家銀行遭到搶劫。
（3）作客觀說明時，常採用一種被動語態句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.
據報道美國大約二十名兒童死於流感。
四、主動語態的句子變為被動語態的方法是：（1）把原句中的賓語變為主語（2）動詞改為被動形式，即be+過去分詞（3）原來的主語，如果需要的話，放在by後面，如果沒必要，可省略。請看下錶:
主動語態 被動語態
They make trains in Zhuzhou． They use this key for locking the classroom door．Many people speak English．He wrote a letter．They are building a road． Trains are made in Zhuzhou．This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them)．English is spoken by many people．A letter was written by him．A road is being built (by them)．
Unit4
虛擬語氣：如果我們所說的不是事實，也不是要求、命令、勸告等，而只是一種假設、願望、建議或是一種實現不了的空想就用虛擬語氣
注意：條件句分兩種，真實條件句和虛擬條件句。只有在虛擬（非真實）條件句中，才用虛擬語氣，而在真實條件句中，要用陳述語氣。
請比較：
（1）If it is sunny tomorrow , we』ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天氣好，我們將會去公園。在這句話中，明天天氣好是完全有可能實現的，並非虛擬、幻想，因此是真實條件句。在本句中，適用「主將從現。」
（2）If I were you , I would go at once.
（如果我是你的話，我立刻就走。）在這句話中，條件句，「如果我是你」，但事實上，我不可能成為你，這只是假設的情況，沒有實現的可能。當條件實現的可能性很小，甚至可以說沒有時，就需要用虛擬語氣來表示，動詞發生了變化。
也就是說虛擬語氣表示和現實的事實相反時，從句用一般過時。
主句用 「should/would/could/ might +動詞原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知識點2. He doesn』t know if he should bring a present.
此處if表示「是否」，引導賓語從句。Should此處表示「應該」。不是虛擬語氣。
E.g.1. I don』t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知識點3.If I were you , I』d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引導的條件狀語從句表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣時，be動詞只能用were，而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知識點4. I don』t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… 「如果……怎麼辦？」相當於 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知識點5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻煩事 ,名詞
常用搭配 ：get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what』s the trouble
「if」引導的條件句。
nit5
It must be--- (肯定是,100%)
It might/could be… (有可能,20-80%)
It can』t be… (肯定不是,0%)
程度 肯定句 否定句 疑問句
must ★ ★ ★ ★ √
may ★ ★ ★ √ √
might
/could ★ ★ √
√
√
√
can』t
can ★ √
√
1. --- Whose book is this?
--- It must be Mary』s. (肯定; 一定)
It must belong to Mary.
2. --- Whose French book is this?
--- It could be Ali』s. She studies French. (可能)
3. The hair band might belong to Linda.
might be Linda』s. (可能)
4. The T-shirt can』t be John』s. (不可能)
It』s much too small for him.
練習：1. --- Whose pen is this?
--- It ____ Liu Mei because I saw her use it the other day.
A. can』t be B. might be C. must belong to
2. That』s a piece of good news. They ___ glad to hear that.
A. can be B. might be C. must be D. can』t be
3. Mary ______ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
A. mustn』t B. shouldn』t C. can』t D. may not
Unit6
定語從句
1. who 指人,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作賓語 (作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略, 如介詞提前則不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
↓
The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new. She is wearing it.
↓
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
↓
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
↓
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在選擇引導定語從句的關系代詞時，有如下要點：
1 由於關系代詞在主句與從句間既起到聯系作用，又在從句中充當一個成分，因此， 要正確判斷關系代詞在從句中的功能，如作主語還是賓語等。
2 當先行詞指人時，關系代詞可用who（做主語，賓語），that（做主語，賓語），whom（作賓語），whose（作定語）
3 當先行詞指物時，關系代詞可用that（做主語，賓語），which（做主語，賓語）
4 再定語從句中，作賓語的關系代詞長可省略，但在介詞後面的關系代詞不能省略。指人時，介詞後只用whom，指物時，介詞後只用which。
5 在非限制性定語從句中，指人時，只用who，指物時，只用which。
1．定語從句中that與who、which的區別
2．定語從句中關系詞的省略
典型例題
1. The first job ________I found was to be a cleaner.
A. where B. why C. which D. that
解析：指事物的先行詞前有序數詞修飾時，只能用關系代詞that。故本題的正確答案是D。
2. I don』t think history is as interesting as English.（改為同義詞）
I think history is ___________ interesting _________ English.
解析：答案是：less; than。意思是「我認為歷史不如英語有趣」。
3. The woman who is wearing the hat is my mother.（改為同義句）
The woman ________ the hat is my mother.
解析：讀題後可知：上句含義是「戴帽子的那個婦女旭我的媽媽」，對應下句，可知空格處應填「戴」，故正確答案是in。
選擇填空
1. The poor boy ________ lost both his parents last year is called Mike．
A．which B．what C．who D．／
2. The bridge ________ has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice．
A．which B．what C．／ D．who
3. I』m one of the students _______well in English in my class．
A．who does B．who do C．which does D．who did
4. Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A．that B．where C．which D．the one
5. All______ they have done is good for us．
A．what B．which C．why D．that
Unit7
表達意願的幾個基本句子
a. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
b. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
c. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
d. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
答案：a. I hope to b. I』d like to c. I』d love to d. I want to
She would like to go to New York. （對劃線部分提問）
答案：Where would she like to go?
注意：where在本句中為副詞，go後面不能再加to，而Which city would she like to go to? 中which為代詞。
九年級英語復習---語法講解(Units8-15)
Unit8
1、短語動詞小結
常見短語動詞結構有下面幾種：
1.動詞+副詞 如：give up 放棄 turn off 關掉 stay up 熬夜
這種結構有時相當於及物動詞，如果其賓語是代詞，就必須放在動詞和副詞之間，如果是名詞，則既可插在動詞和副詞之間，也可放 在短語動詞後。
2. 動詞+介詞 如：listen of 聽 look at 看 belong to 屬於
這種結構相當於及物動詞，後面跟賓語。
3. 動詞+副詞+介詞 如：come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完，耗盡
4. 動詞+名詞(介詞) 如：take part in參加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒裝句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用來連接兩個並列的成分
(1)引導以 not only …but (also)… 開頭的句子往往引起部分倒裝。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒裝句。也是說得要
把前面的句子中的助動詞或者是情態動詞放在主語的前面。如：
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不僅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接兩主語時，謂語動詞隨後面的主語人稱和數的變化 也就是就近原則 如：
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓。
常見的就近原則的結構有：
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (兩者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜歡他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (兩者中的一個)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be