『壹』 高二英語語法的重點和難點!
非謂語動詞(包括不定式,現在分詞,過去分詞)
虛擬語氣
倒裝句
復習被動語態(包括各種常見的時態的被動語態和非謂語動詞的被動形式)
復習IT的用法
『貳』 急需高二英語必修5的重點語法考試必出的!!!!
省略句 強調句 課本後面單詞前面的那些語法保證全考
『叄』 高二英語都學習哪些語法
非謂語的四種形式;倒裝
『肆』 高二英語重點語法有哪些
高二英語語法重點之一:定語從句
1. 定語從句的基本概念
定語從句在復合句中起定語作用,修飾主句中的名詞或代詞。被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句一般在先行詞之後。引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。關系詞在先行詞與定語從句之間起紐帶作用。關系詞代表著先行詞並在定語從句中充當一個句子成分。如:
He is the man who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那個人。
分析:the man就是先行詞;修飾the man的who lives next door就是定語從句;who是關系詞,它代表先行詞the man,在定語從句中作主語。
2. 關系詞代詞和關系副詞的用法
依照關系詞在從句中的用法差異,可分為關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有who, whom, which, that, whose等,在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語等,關系副詞有when, where, why等,在定語從句中作狀語。具體用法如下:
(1)關系代詞的用法:先行詞是人,在從句中作主語用who,作賓語用whom或who,作定語用whose;先行詞是物,在定語從句中作主語或賓語都用which,作定語用of which或whose均可。在限制性定語從句中which, who, whom都可用that代替。關系代詞作賓語時,關系代詞常被省略。如:
A man who sells books in a shop is called a bookseller。開店售書的人叫做書商。
He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那個人。
You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 你是唯一可能使他聽從勸告的人。
he was not on the train which arrived just now. 她不在剛才到達的那列火車上。
(2)關系副詞的用法:關系副詞有when, where, why等,在定語從句中作狀語,分別表示時間、在點和原因。When通常放在time, day, season, age, occasion等時間的名詞後;where通常放在place, city, town, village, house, case, point, situation等地點名詞後;why通常只放在reason後。如:
Have you set the day when you will move? 你搬遷的日子定了嗎?
The book is on the table where you left it. 書在桌子上,你放在那裡的。
We don』t know the reason why he didn』t show up. 我們不知道他為什麼沒有來。
3. 限制性和非限制性定語從句的比較
限制性定語從句對先行詞起修飾、限制或確定的作用,若去掉,先行詞的意思就不明確,它是不可缺少的一部分,它與先行詞的關系密不可分,不可用逗號將其分開。而非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞起補充說明作用,它可有可無,與先行詞關系鬆散,通常用逗號將其分開。因此,有無逗號是區分限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的重要標志。在限制性定語從句中that可以代替who, whom和which等;但在非限制性定語從句中不能用that。如:
He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. 他說他以前未見過她,這不是事實。
Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party. 後來他遇到瑪麗,瑪麗邀請他去參加晚會。
We』ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我們將把野餐推遲到下星期,那時天氣可能會好一點。
Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus. 巴巴拉在奧伯里工作,每天得坐公共汽車去上班。
注意:關系副詞when, where可引導非限制性定語從句,但關系副詞why只能引導限制性定語從句,不能引導非限制性定語從句。如:
4. 習慣上要用that引導的定語從句
指事物時,在下列情況下,人們通常用that,而不用which。
(1)當先行詞為不定代詞時:當先行詞是指物的all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, none, the one時,或先行詞被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修飾時,通常用that。如:
All [Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必須做。
There was little that the enemy could do but surrender. 敵人無法,只有投降了。
(2)當涉及序數詞或最高級時:當先行詞是序數詞或最高級形容詞時,或者先行詞被序數詞(包括last, next)、最高級形容詞及the only, the very等修飾時,通常用that。如:
This is the best dictionary that I』ve ever used. 這是我用過的最好的詞典。
The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你應該做的第一件事是訂個計劃。
(3)當涉及the very, the only, the same時:當先行詞有the very, the only, the same 等修飾時,通常用that。如:
This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有這一個。
Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原話。
(3)當先行詞包括人和物時:此時通常用that。如:
They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他們談論了使他們印象最深的人和事。
5. 通常要用that引導的定語從句
在下列情況下,通常不用that引導定語從句:
(1)引導非限制性定語從句時:此時不能用that,而要根據情況選用who, whom或which等。如:
Yesterday I met Mary, who seemed very excited. 我昨天碰到了瑪麗,她顯得很興奮。
(2)直接在介詞後用作賓語時:此時不用that,而要用whom或which。如:
This is the person to whom your father spoke just now. 這是剛才你父親和他說話的那個人。
(3)當定語從句被分隔時:當先行詞與關系代詞之間有較復雜的短語或從句隔開時,不宜用that,而用who, whom或which。如:
I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我們辦公室里唯一受到邀請的人。
6. 關系代詞who與whom的區別
兩者均只用於人,從理論上說,who 為主格,whom為賓格,但實際上,除非在正式文體中,賓格關系代詞 whom 往往省略不用,或用who或that代之。如:
The man (that, who, whom) you met just now is called Jim. 你剛遇見的那個人叫吉姆。
不過,值得注意的是,直接跟在介詞後面作賓語時,只能用 whom,而且不能省略。如:
She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. 她帶了3個朋友來,我以前都沒見過。
另外,引導非限制性定語從句且作賓語時,who 和 whom均可用,但以用 whom 為佳,此時也不能省略。如:
This is Jack, who [whom] you haven』t met before. 這是傑克,你以前沒見過。
7. 關系代詞as和which的區別
(1)互換的情況:兩者有時可互換。如:
I live a long way from work, as [which] you know. 我住得離工作單位很遠,這你是知道的。
(2)只有as的情況:以下兩種情況,習慣只用as,不用which。
①在such, as, the same後引導定語從句時只能用ash。如:
I never heard such stories as he tells. 我從未聽過他講那樣的故事。
It』s the same story as I heard yesterday. 這故事跟我昨天聽到的一樣。
This is the photo which shows my house. 這張照片拍的是我的住宅。
② 當從句位於主句前面時,只用 as。如:
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 月球每月繞地球轉一周,這是每個人都清楚的。
(3)值得注意的情況:以下三種情況值得注意。
①as 引導的非限制性定語從句應與主句在意義上和諧一致,但which無此限制。比較:
He went abroad, as [which] was expected. 他出國了,這是大家預料到的。
He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出國了,這讓大家感到很意外。(不用as)
②as 引導非限制性定語從句時,先行詞通常不能是主句中某個具體的詞,而應是整個句子、整個短語或某個短語推斷出來的概念,而which 則無此限制。如:
The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames. 這條流經倫敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as)
③當as 引導非限制性定語從句作主語時,其謂語通常應是連系動詞,而不宜是其他動詞,而 which則無此限制:
She has married again, as [which] seemed natural. 她又結婚了,這似乎很自常。
She has married again, which delighted us. 她又結婚了,這使我們很高興。(不用as)
8. 先行詞是時間或地點的定語從句
先行詞是表示時間或地點的名詞時,代表先行詞的關系詞若在定語從句中作狀語,用關系副詞when或where引導,when和which相當於「介詞+which」;若在定語從句中作主語或賓語,就用關系代詞which或that來引導。
確定用關系代詞還是用關系副詞的簡便方法是:看定語從句中是否缺少主語或賓語,若缺,用關系代詞;若不缺,用關系副詞。如:
That』s the reason why he dislikes me. 這就是他不喜歡我的原因。
Sunday is the day when very few people go to work. 星期日是沒什麼人上班的日子。
Do you know a shop where I can find sandals? 你知道哪家商店我能找到涼鞋嗎?
9. 介詞加關系代詞引導的定語從句
「介詞+關系代詞」引導的定語從句,若關系代詞緊靠在介詞後,先行詞是人時,用whom,先行詞是物時,用which,不用who或that,關系代詞whom和which不能省略。至於用什麼介詞,一般可由定語從句的謂語與先行詞之間需要加是什麼介詞來搭配才講得通來確定。如:
I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologize. 我把他名字稱呼錯了,為此我表示歉意。
10. 關系代詞作定語的定語從句
關系代詞在從句中作定語表示所屬關系,先行詞是人,表示「先行詞這個人的…」,用whose;先行詞是事物,表示「先行詞這個事物的…」,用whose…或the…of which或of which…都可以。如:
In 1980 he caught a serious illness from whose effects he still. suffers. 1980年他患了到現在對他仍有影響的重病。
The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 這些寶藏已送往大英博物館,其中有一些是失而復得的。
另外,還要注意以下這類定語從句,which也是用作定語:
She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her. 她可能遲到,因此我們應該等她。
He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home. 他發脾氣了,這時我就決定回家了。
He was appointed Lord Chancellor, in which post he spent the rest of his life. 他被任命為大法官,在這個職位上度過了他的後半生。
11. of whom / which引導的定語從句
在非限制性定語從句中,先行詞作為一個整體,表示整體中的一部分,即表示「部分與整體」的關系時,用…of which / whom或者of which / whom…都可以。但與表示所屬關系不同,這里不能用whose來代替of which。如:
The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽車大多數都已經擠滿了人,它們被憤怒的人群包圍著。
I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我揀起那些蘋果,其中有一些傷得很厲害。
I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我買了一打雞蛋,六個在我失手掉了盒子時摔碎了。
12. the way後面的定語從句
the way後面的定語從句,關系詞若在從句中作狀語,相當於「用這種方式 / 方法(=in this way)」時,通常不用關系詞,偶爾用that,在較正式的文體里才用in which來引導。如:
Do it the way you were taught. 要照教你的那樣做。
I was impressed by the way in which she did it. 她干成這件事的方式給我留下了深刻的印象。
注意:way後不能用how引導定語從句,但也可以不用way,而直接用how引導的名詞性從句來表達這類意思。如:
That』s the way he did it.= That』s how he did it. 他就是這樣做的。
另外,當先行詞way表示方向時,不用任何關系詞。如:
Was that the way she went? 她是往那個方向走的嗎?
13. 分隔定語從句
定語從句一般緊靠在先行詞之後,但有時它與先行詞之間被一個定語、狀語或謂語分隔開來,這種定語從句就叫分隔定語從句。如:
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you English. 教你們英語的新老師明天來。(先行詞與定語從句被will come tomorrow分開了)
『伍』 高二英語語法
您好!希望能夠幫助您!
非限制性定語從句只是對主句內容,或先行詞的補充、解釋或附加說明。主句與先行詞或從句之間一般用逗號分開,常常單獨翻譯。沒有它,主句意思仍然完整。引導非限制性定語從句的關系代詞有as,which,who, whom,whose等,作定語從句的主語、賓語、表語及定語。關系副詞有when,where等,作定語從句的狀語。關系代詞和關系副詞在定語從句中一般不能省。
一、as引導非限制性定語從句時,可以代主句的全部或部分內容。常表說話人關於說話的依據、態度、評論、看法等。有「正如、像」等意思。定語從句可以置主句句首、句中或句末。as後常接expect,know,report,say,see等動詞的主、被動語態句。
1. ____is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A.It B.As C.That D.What
2.Mike,as we expected,attended the meeting.像我們所期望的那樣,邁克參加了會議。
3.He wasn't unconsicious,as could be judged from his eyes.他並未失去知覺,這從他的眼神可以判斷出來。
二、which引導非限制性定語從句的情況很多。
I.指代主句的全部或部分內容時,常表事實、狀態、起因等,有「這就使得、這一點」等意思,常置主句末。主句與定語從句用逗號分開。
1.Dorathy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,,of course,madethe others unhappy.
A.who B.which C.this D.what
II.指代先行詞有多種情況。定語從句置先行詞後面。
1.在「n./pron./num....+prep.+ which」,「prep.+which」定語從句里。 1)They talked about a movie,the name of which I've never forgotten.他們談論過一部電影,我決不會忘記片名。
2)In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals,16.5 of which were won by women.在悉尼奧運會,中國隊奪得了28枚金牌,其中16.5枚是女子奪得的。
3)China has thousands of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.中國有數千個島嶼,其中最大的是台灣島。
4)Chaplin went to the states in 1910,by which time he had learnt to dance and act in comedies.卓別林1910年去了美國,那時他已學會跳舞和演喜劇了。
2.表唯一性,或者就是指代先行詞的事物時。
The dam,which is the biggest in the world,is 3,830 metres long.大壩長3,830米,是世界上最大的壩。
3.先行詞是獨一無二的事物時。
The moon,which doesn't give out light itself,is only a satellite of the earth.月球本身不發光,它只是地球的一個衛星。
4.先行詞表示類屬的事物時。
Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.足球是一項非常有趣的運動,全世界都踢足球。
5.先行詞是專有名詞時。
1)Three of the biggest man-made projects in the world are the Great Wall of China,the Pyramids of Egypt and the Aswan High Dam, which is also in Egypt.世界上最大的三項人造工程是中國的長城,埃及的金字塔和阿斯旺高壩,它也在埃及。
2)The Nile,which used to flood every year,now runs more regularly below the dam.尼羅河年年漲洪水,現在比較正常地在大壩下面流過了。
6.先行詞是表人的職業、品質、身份等名詞,作定語從句的表語時。主句和定語從句之間含有對比的意思。
Mike's brother is a policeman,which he isn't.邁克的哥哥是警察,他可不是。
7.先行詞是形容詞作定語從句的表語時。主句和定語從句含有對比的意思。
Li Ling is very clever,which Li Long isn't.李玲很聰明,李瓏可不是。
8.先行詞是集體名詞表整體意思時。
My family,which has 35 people,is a large one.我家有35口人,是一個大家庭。
9.先行詞是國家名詞表地域概念時。
Last year he went to Egypt,which is in Africa.他去年去了埃及,埃及在非洲。
三、as,which是指代主句內容的非限制性定語從句時,表依據、評論與表事實、狀態等沒有多大差別,又在主句末時,有時可以通用。
1.He is quite pleased,as /which can be seen from his face.他非常高興,從他的表情可以看出來。
2.You always work hard,as /which everyone knows.大家都知道,你一向勤奮學習。
但是,上面兩句把定語從句置主句句首時,就只能用as。
3.This elephant is like a snake,as anybody can see.像任何人都能看見那樣,這頭象像條蛇。
4.Bamboo is hollow,which makes it very light.竹子是空的,這就使得它很輕。 在否定意義的非限制性定語從句里,一般用which引導。
5.He came to my birthday party,which I didn't expect at all.我完全沒有想到,他來參加我的生日聚會了。
四、who,whom,whose等引導非限制性定語從句時,指代人的普通名詞、專有名詞等。表示正是或專指先行詞等情況。在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語等。
1.Bob's father,who worked on the project,spent four years in Egypt.鮑勃的父親從事這項工程,在埃及度過了四年。
2.Dad,this is Zheng Jie,who I knew in Paris.爸,這是鄭傑,我在巴黎認識的。 這一句是用主格who代替賓格 whom。
3.His mother,whom he loved dearly, died in 1818.他非常愛戴他的母親,她死於 1818年。
4.Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.金先生的腿受了重傷,他很快就被送去住院了。
n./pron./num....prep.whom;prep. whom;in whose +n.;the +n.of whom等引導非限制性的定語從句。
5.He spoke of a pen-friend,the name of whom /whose name I've never forgotten.他提到過一個筆友,他的名字我從未忘記。
6.About 2,000people,many of whom were Europeans,worked on the project.大約兩千人從事過這項工程,其中很多是歐洲人。
7.In his office there are nine clerks,the youngest of whom is Mr Liu.他辦公室有9個職員,其中最年輕的是劉先生。
8.I decided to write about Chaplin,one of whose films I had seen several years before.我決定寫有關卓別林的文章,他的一部電影我幾年前就看過了。
9.We went to hear this famous singer, about whom we had heard many stories.我們去聽這個著名的歌唱家演唱。我們已經聽說了有關他的很多故事。 品黃黑MYK
10.Mr Pattis,in whose office Ms King was working,was very surprised when he found out her secret.金女士在帕蒂思辦公室工作。他發現她的秘密時感到非常驚奇。
五、when,where引導非限制性定語從句時,作定語從句的狀語。when =and then, where =and there。why不引導非限制性定語從句。
1.He was quickly taken to hospital,where a doctor wanted to examine Mr King's legs.金先生很快被送去住院,在那裡一個醫生要檢查他的腿。
2.We will put off the outing until next week,when we won't be so busy.我們把郊遊推遲到下個星期,那時我們不會那麼忙了。
3.He went to America in 1912,where and when he was noticed by an important film director.他在1912年去了美國,當時他在那裡引起了一個重要電影導演的注意。
在prep.where /when非限制性定語從句里,where =there,when =then。
4.His head soon appeared out of the second storey windows,from where he could see nothing but trees.他的頭很快從第二層樓的一個窗戶伸出來了,從那裡他只能看見樹木。
5.That was in 1929,since when things have been better.那是在1929年,從那時起情況就已經好轉了。
6.I went to bed at ten,before when I was reading for an hour.我10點去睡覺,在那時以前我看了1小時的書。
有時候where /when可以用prep.which替換。
7.The southern states wanted to set up a country of their own,where they would be free to keep black slaves.南方各州要建立一個屬於他們自己的國家,在那裡他們將自由地保留黑人奴隸。
8.I still remembered January 10,on which /when he came to see me.我仍然記得1月10日,那一天他來看我了。
練習題:用所給的詞語填空。少數可以用多次。
A.as B.which C.who D.whom E.whose F.when G.where H.by which time I.from which J.from whom K.north of which L.some of whom M .the biggest of which
1.Dick is going to join in the football game,____was agreed at the meeting.
2.My brother had been an engineer,____ was what he wanted to be.
3.He reached Beijing in 1998,____, some time later,he became a professor.
4. ____is said above,the number of the students in our school has increased.
5.Write a letter to a friend,____has some difficulties with his studies.
6.There are four rooms in the house,____ is a drawing room.
7.We will move into the new house next week,____it will be completed.
8.When lost in work,he often was,____he would forget all about eating and sleeping.
9.He is a model worker,____we can learn a lot.
10.They had to delay the sports meet till next week,____the weather will be fine.
11.The workers,____stayed there for two years,came from Africa.
12.The building over there is a hospital,____ is a small river.
13.We shall have to make a decision about Ms King,____story I've just told you.
14.Mr Liu,____I spoke of just now, would go to Australia.
15.The Nile,____electricity is proced,now runs regularly below the dam.
Keys:1.A/B2.B3.G4.A(As)5.C6.M 7.H 8.A 9.J10.F 11.L 12.K 13.E 14.C /D 15.I
『陸』 高二英語語法有哪些
剛給你查我高中書 可惜沒有了 高二的語法很多 高三少了 高中基本把語法學的差不多了 大學沒有多少重點語法 全在高中
『柒』 高二英語主要有哪些語法點
英語語法,本質復上不分什麼小制學語法,中學語法,大學語法,更沒有所謂的高二語法。這樣分都是瞎搞,誤人子弟。
我們講中文會分小學語法,中學語法,大學語法嗎?現在有的小學生的語言能力都像大人一樣。小學生一樣看紅樓夢,看水滸。那國外的小學生不是也同樣如此嗎?
推薦華東理工的《英語思維——英語語法的原理》,該書是國內第一本系統講解英語語法原理和思維內涵的書,書中第一次真正揭示了「時」和「態」的本質,第一次給出了英語完整的時態框架體系、被動語氣的框架體系、虛擬語氣的框架體系、從句的框架體系,句法分析等,是第一本從語言原理層面完整系統的呈現英語語法全貌和完整框架體系的書。
也可以網路同名視頻課程,短平快,十節課真正理解英語語法,適合那些英語語法混亂毫無章法同學,也適合那些英語還不錯,但是沒學透無體系遭遇瓶頸無法突破的同學,看完後,對英語的理解有脫胎換骨之感。
『捌』 高一及高二上學期英語的重要知識點整理
對不起,我是教理科的。專業是化學和數學。對英語是外行。不好意思,幫不了你。請原諒。