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人教八年級下冊英語重點語法梳理

發布時間:2021-01-02 10:45:49

❶ 八年級下冊英語重點語法和短語

英語八年級下冊重點語法和短語
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
重點語法(Grammar Focus):1. The Simple Future tense
一般將來時的三種基本結構:
⑴ will +V. ⑵ be going to +V. ⑶ be + Ving
一般將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式:肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句:People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.一般疑問句例句:Will people have robots in a few years?特殊疑問句例句:What will people have in a few years? 一般將來時的時間狀語:in + 時間,in the future,next + 時間,與tomorrow 相關的時間,this + 時間,from now on,right now,some day…
2.形容詞、副詞的比較級用法
重點短語:
1. won't = will not (would) 2. 愛上(某人/某物) fall in love with(sb./sth.) 3. 能夠做某事 be able to do sth.(區別於can) 4. (夢想等)實現,成為現實 come true 5. 在未來 in the future(區別in future) 6. 數以百計的hundreds of; thousands of 數以千計
7. look for(sb./sth.) 尋找(某人/某物) 8.. 免費的 be free
9. study at home on computers 在家用電腦學習 10. live to be 200 years old 活到200歲
11. in 100 years 100年以後(in+時間段,用將來時) after 100 years(用於過去時)
100 years from now 一段時間 + from now (從現在起)…之後
12. 做預測 make predictions 13 有更少的空閑時間 h ave less free time
14. fly…to乘坐飛往…fly a rocket to the moon… 15. 放風箏fly a kite
16. 預測未來predict the future 17. (U.) 更少的空氣污染less air pollution
18. (制服/套裝) wear a uniform/ suit 19. 一場工作面試a job interview
20.更加擁擠 more crowded 21. 住在一幢公寓樓里live in an apartment
22.在太空站on a space station 23. 問題的答案the answer to the question
24.單獨居住live alone(區別於lonely) 25. 養一隻寵物鸚鵡keep a pet parrot
26.去溜冰 go skating 27. 作為一名記者 as a reporter
28. 穿得更隨意些dress more casually 29. see sb. do sth. 看見sb做了或經常做sth
30. (過去或將來)某一天one day 31. 贏得一個獎項 win awards/an award
32. 為自己工作 work for myself 33. may—might
34. one of the biggest movie companies 35. 被某人使用(被動語態) be used by sb:
36. 在太空in space: 37. 去上大學//在大學go to college in college
38. 今後 from now on = in the future 39. 在一周的工作日內ring the week=on weekdays

❷ 人教版八年級下冊英語重點單詞短語及用法。謝謝了。

人教版新目標8年級下英語語法重點 Unit 1 Will people have robots? 重點語法:一般將來時態的應用 Unit 2 What should I do? 重點語法:過去將來時態(將來時態的委婉說法) Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 重點語法:過去進行時態 Unit 4 He said I was hard-working. 重點語法:賓語從句 Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time! 重點語法:if 引導的條件狀語從句 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? 重點語法:現在完成進行時態 Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music? 重點語法:mind [one's] doing sth. 介意(某人)做某事 Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf? 重點語法:詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事 Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement? 重點語法:現在完成時態 Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it? 重點語法:反意疑問句

❸ 初二英語下冊語法重點

下冊主要就是被動語態啦被動語態的主要用法
一.定義
語態是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關系。語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態。如果主語是動作的執行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態;如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態。
■當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執行者時,常用被動語態,這時往往不用by短語。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他們的工資太低。(沒必要指出工資是誰付的)
■突出或強調動作的承受者,如果需要說出動作的執行者,用by短語。
The time-table has been changed. 時間表已變動了。(要突出的是「時間」)
These books are written especially for children. 這些書是專門為孩子們寫的。(強調的是「」這些書)
■為了使語言得體或圓滑等不願意說出動作的執行者。如:
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 請您在下次會議上作個發言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 據說她要嫁給一個外國人。
■出於修辭的原因,或是說為了更好地安排句子。如:
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 這個提議特別遭到了那些在本地區投資很大的人的反對。(因those的定語太長了,若用它作主語,主語與謂語就相距太遠而顯得句子鬆散。)

8種常用時態的被動語態

由「助動詞be + 動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be 有時態、人稱和數的變化。
(1) 一般現在時:am/is/are +過去分詞。如:
Rice is grown in south China. 華南種植水稻。
(2) 一般過去時:was/were+過去分詞。如:
The glass was broken yesterday. 這塊玻璃是昨天打爛的。
(3) 現在進行時:am/is/are being +過去分詞。如:
The project is being carried out. 這個計劃正在執行中。
(4) 過去進行時:was/were/being +過去分詞。如:
This road was being built this time last year. 這條路去年這個時候還在修建。
(5) 一般將來時:will be +過去分詞。如:
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 這些汽車將由水路運往國外。
(6) 過去將來時:would be +過去分詞。如:
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 經理說這個工程在年底前將會完成。
(7) 現在完成時:have/has been +過去分詞。如:
This novel has been translated into several languages. 這本小說已被譯成了幾種語言。
(8) 過去完在時:had been +過去分詞。如:
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到達劇院時,發現票已賣完了。

❹ 人教新目標英語八年級下重點短語和語法

初二全科目課件教案習題匯總
語文 數學 英語 物理 歷史
12 
How much are the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?
= How much do the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost? 本單元目標句型: 1. How long have you been skating? 你滑冰有多長時間了? 2. I『ve been skating since nine o『clock./since I was four years old. 我從九點一直滑到現在/我從四歲一直滑到現在。 3. I『ve been skating for five hours. 我一直滑了五小時 。 4. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China. 我對中國的歷史了解得越多, 我就越喜歡住在中國。 5. Was this your first skating marathon? No, I skated in a marathon last year. 6. When did you get your first pair of skates? 7. Alison was the first one to start and has been skating for the whole five hours. Alison是第一個開始並且已經滑了整整5個小時。 8. I『m talking to you from the Hilltop School Skating Marathon. 9. For every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity. 每滑一個小時,每位學生可為慈善事業籌集10元錢。 10. Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster. In fact I think it『s probably my favorite. 謝謝你送我的怪物雪球儀。事實上,我想它可能是我的最愛。 11. My mom says I have to stop, because we『ve run out of room to store them. 媽媽說我必須停止了,因為我們已經沒有地方來存放他們了。 12. The first one I ever got was a birthday cake snow globe on my twelfth birthday. 我得到的第一個雪球儀是我十二歲生日得到的生日蛋糕雪球儀。 13. I particularly love globes with animals. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 我特別喜歡動物雪球儀。如果你知道其他人收集他們的話,請告訴我們。 14. By the way, what『s your hobby? 15. I『m interested in the job as a writer. 16. The school newspaper needs a writer. We will give you different topics to choose from. To get the job, please answer these four questions. 校報需要一個撰稿人。我們會給你一些不同的話題來選擇。要得到這份工作,請回答這樣四個問題。 17. How many Chinese dynasties can you think of? 你能想起多少中國朝代? 18. Can you think of famous characters from the history of other countries? Make a list. 從其他國家歷史中,你能記起一些著名人物嗎?列個表。 19. In fact, the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago and were welcomed by the Song Emperor. 事實上,第一批猶太人可能在一千多年前就來到開封而且受到宋朝皇帝的歡迎。 20. There is some European influence in the city, and some of the old buildings in Harbin are in Russian style.這個城市有歐洲文化的影響, 而且哈爾濱的一些老建築還是俄羅斯風格的。 21. For a foreigner like me, the more I learn about Chinese culture, the more I enjoy living in China. 對於一個像我一樣的外國人來說,我對中國文化了解越多,我就越喜歡住在中國。 22. And although I live quite far from Beijing, I『m certain I will be here for the Olympic Games in 2008. 盡管我住得離北京很遠,但我相信2008年奧運會我一定在這兒。 本單元語法講解 現在完成進行時:表示從過去某時開始到現在這一段時間里一直在延續的動作。 現在完成進行式結構:have / has +been+ doing/ 1.I have been writing the letter since then.從那時起我一直在寫這封信。(動作從過去一直持續到現在還在繼續) 2.I have been collecting stamps for ten years.自從10年前我就收集郵票了(動作從過去一直現在還在收集)。 3. How long have you been living here?你在這兒已經住了多長時間了。(―居住‖動作從過去一直現在還在繼續)
13 現在完成進行時和現在完成時的區別: 1現在完成進行時比現在完成時更強調動作的延續性: 2如果沒有時間強調,現在完成進行時表示動作仍在進行,現在完成時則表示動作已經結束, 3現在完成進行時一般不適用於表狀態的動詞,而現在完成時則可: ,Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music? 1. turn… down/turn… up 關小聲/調大聲音(電器) 2. turn… on/ turn …off 打開/關閉(電器) 3. move the bike 移動自行車 4. in a minute/right away/in no time 立刻,馬上 5. be late for school/class=arrive late for school 上學/上課遲到 6. wait in line=stand in line 排隊等候 7. cut in line=jump a queue 插隊 8. get mad/annoyed 變得生氣 9. happen to sb 發生在…身上 10. half an hour 半小時 11. at first 首先 12. at last=in the end=finally 最後 13. allow sb. to do /not to do sth. 允許某人做/不做某事 14. be allowed to do /not to do sth. 某人不被允許某人做/不做某事 15. in public 當眾地;公開地;公然地 16. in public places 在公共場所 17. break the rule 不遵守規則 18. pick… up 撿起 19. put …out 熄滅 20. drop litter 扔垃圾 21. keep the voice down 控制聲音 22. do the dishes 23. put on another pair of jeans 24. be at a meeting 25. help me in the kitchen 26. make some posters 27. clothing store 28. follow…around 29. want to be polite 30. stand in the subway door 31. cut in line 32. stand close to .. 33. have different ideas about 34. feel uncomfortable 35. in all situations 36. in public places 本單元目標句型: 1. Would you mind cleaning the yard? 你介意打掃院子嗎? 2. Not at all. I『ll do it right away. 一點也不. 我馬上就掃.
14 3. Would you mind not playing baseball here. 你介意不要在這打棒球嗎? 4. Would you mind giving me a smaller one? 5. Sorry, we『ll go and play in the park. 對不起,我們到公園去打. 6. Could you (please) make dinner? 請做晚飯好嗎? 7. That『s no problem . 沒問題. 8. Could you (please) not feed the dog?=Would you mind not feeding the dog?= Would you (please) not feed the dog?=Please don『t feed the dog, will you?請不要喂狗好嗎? 9. If you finish these tasks, we can go to a movie tonight. 10. Your barber gave you a terrible haircut. 11. The store clerk gave you the wrong size. 12. The waitress brought you the wrong food. 13. The pen you bought didn『t work. 14. You ordered a hamburger with French fries but only got a hamburger. 15. We asked some people what annoyed them. Here『s what they said. 16. I don『t like waiting in line when a shop assistant has a long telephone conversation. 17. This happens to me all the time in the school library. 18. Perhaps in the future I should try not to be so polite. 19. The way people behave is different in different cultures and situations. 20. Sometimes, rules of etiquette are the same almost everywhere. 21. We might want to ask someone to behave more politely if we see them breaking a rule of etiquette. 22. Etiquette means normal and polite social behavior. 23. This may seem like a difficult word at first, but it can be very useful to understand. 24. In fact, we should also take care not to cough or sneeze loudly in public if possible. 25. People don『t usually like to be criticized, so we have to be careful how we do this. 26. 看到有人抽煙你可以說:Could you please put out that cigarette? 27. 看到有人亂丟垃圾你可以說:Would you mind picking it up? 28. 看到有人插對你可以說:Sorry, would you mind joining the line? 常見動名詞、分詞的習慣用法總結 使用-ing分詞的幾種情況 1.在進行時態中。如: 1.He is watching TV in the room. 2.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night. 2.在there be結構中。如:There is a boy swimming in the river. 3.在have fun/problems結構中。如:We have fun learning English this term. They had problems getting to the top of the mountain. 4.在介詞後面。如:
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball?
What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎麼樣?
I am interested in playing football. 5.在以下結構中 1. enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事; 2. finish doing sth; 完成做某事; 3. feel like doing sth 想要做某事; 4. stop doing sth 停止做某事(原來的事) 5. forget doing sth 忘記做過某事; 6. go on doing sth 繼續做某事(原來的事); 7. remember doing sth 記得做過某事; 8. like doing sth 喜歡做某事; 9. find /see/hear/watch sb doing發現/看到/聽到/觀看某人做 10. try doing sth 試圖做某事; 11. need doing sth 需要做某事; 12. prefer doing sth 寧願做某事; 13. mind doing sth 介意做某事; 14. miss doing sth 錯過做某事; 15. practice doing sth 練習做某事; 16. be busy doing sth 忙於做某事; 17. can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事; 18. waste time/money doing 浪費時間/金錢做…;

❺ 初二英語下冊重點語法、句型歸納總結

下冊主要就是被動語態啦被動語態的主要用法
一.定義
語態是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關系。語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態。如果主語是動作的執行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態;如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態。
■當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執行者時,常用被動語態,這時往往不用by短語。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他們的工資太低。(沒必要指出工資是誰付的)
■突出或強調動作的承受者,如果需要說出動作的執行者,用by短語。
The time-table has been changed. 時間表已變動了。(要突出的是「時間」)
These books are written especially for children. 這些書是專門為孩子們寫的。(強調的是「」這些書)
■為了使語言得體或圓滑等不願意說出動作的執行者。如:
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 請您在下次會議上作個發言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 據說她要嫁給一個外國人。
■出於修辭的原因,或是說為了更好地安排句子。如:
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 這個提議特別遭到了那些在本地區投資很大的人的反對。(因those的定語太長了,若用它作主語,主語與謂語就相距太遠而顯得句子鬆散。)

8種常用時態的被動語態

由「助動詞be + 動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be 有時態、人稱和數的變化。
(1) 一般現在時:am/is/are +過去分詞。如:
Rice is grown in south China. 華南種植水稻。
(2) 一般過去時:was/were+過去分詞。如:
The glass was broken yesterday. 這塊玻璃是昨天打爛的。
(3) 現在進行時:am/is/are being +過去分詞。如:
The project is being carried out. 這個計劃正在執行中。
(4) 過去進行時:was/were/being +過去分詞。如:
This road was being built this time last year. 這條路去年這個時候還在修建。
(5) 一般將來時:will be +過去分詞。如:
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 這些汽車將由水路運往國外。
(6) 過去將來時:would be +過去分詞。如:
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 經理說這個工程在年底前將會完成。
(7) 現在完成時:have/has been +過去分詞。如:
This novel has been translated into several languages. 這本小說已被譯成了幾種語言。
(8) 過去完在時:had been +過去分詞。如:
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到達劇院時,發現票已賣完了。

使用被動語態「六注意」

一要注意被動語態的不同時態
被動語態由「be+過去分詞」,其中的助動詞 be 根據情況可使用各種不同時態。如:
She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般現在時)
The book will be reprinted soon. 這本書很快會重印。(一般將來時)
The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(現在進行時)
They have been given a warning. 他們受到警告。(現在完成時)
二要注意帶情態動詞的被動語態
該結構的基本形式為「情態動詞+be(或be的適當形式)+過去分詞」。這類結構非常有可能作為語境題出現在考卷中。如:
The rules must be obeyed. 這些規章制度必須遵守。
They shouldn』t have been told about it. 這事是不應當告訴他們的。
三要注意非謂語動詞的被動語態
1. 不定式一般式的被動語態。由「to be+過去分詞」構成。如:
She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求給她一些工作做。
2. 不定式完成式的被動語態。由「to have been+過去分詞」構成。如:
I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想讓人把結果早點告訴我的。
3. 現在分詞一般式的被動語態。由「being+過去分詞」構成。如:
I saw him being taken away. 我看見有人把他帶走了。
4. 現在分詞完成式的被動語態。由「having been+過去分詞」構成。如:
Having been invited to speak, I』ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因為邀請我去講話,我明天就得做准備。
5. 動名詞一般式的被動語態。由「being+過去分詞」構成。如:

He hates being made a fool of. 他討厭被別人愚弄。
6. 動名詞完成式的被動語態。由「having been+過去分詞」構成。如:
Jenny』s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 傑妮沒受過舞蹈的專業訓練是她感到遺憾的事。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把車開出城的指令後,我開始信心十足了。
註:過去分詞沒有被動式,因為它本身可以表示被動意義。如:
The door remained locked. 門仍然鎖著。
四要注意「get+過去分詞」構成的被動語態
英語被動語態通常由「助動詞be+過去分詞」構成,有時也可用「get+過去分詞」構成。如:
James got beaten last night. 詹姆斯昨晚被打了。
但總的說來,用get構成的被動語態不如用be構成的被動語態常見,尤其是在含有施動者的by短語時,用get構成被動語態更是少見。不過有時用be+過去分詞構成被動語態構成誤解時,人們可能會選get+過去分詞來避免這種誤解:
The window was broken. 窗戶破了(表狀態)。/ 窗戶被打破了(表動作)
The window got broken. 窗戶被打破了(表動作)
五要注意哪些動詞不用於被動語態
1. 不及物動詞沒有被動語態。因為不及物動詞沒有賓語,所以若將其用於被動語態則沒有主語,故不能用於被動語態。但是值得注意的是,有些英語中的不及物動詞,譯成漢語時卻可能是「及物」的,很容易出錯,這類動詞如:take place(發生),happen(發生),come about(發生),break out(爆發),appear(出現),disappear(消失),last(持續),arise(出現,發生)等:
Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常發生在冬季。
2. 英語中的靜態動詞(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用於被動語態:
The young man lacks experience. 這個年輕人缺乏經驗。
英語不用被動語態幾種的情形
1.謂語為連系動詞時,不用被動語態。如:He looked fine. 他氣色好。The food tastes delicious. 這食物味道很好。
2. 謂語為不及物動詞(短語)時,不用被動語態。如:The war broke out in the end. 戰爭終於爆發了。
3. 賓語為不定式、動詞的-ing 形式或從句,表示主語的一些想法、愛好或願望時,一般不用被動語態。如:
He decided to go with us. 他決定跟我們一起去。4. 賓語是相互代詞、反身代詞、同源賓語等時,一般不用被動語態。如:
We should help each other. 我們應該相互幫助。He thinks of himself too much. 他對自己想得太多。
5. 賓語是處所、地點時,一般不用被動語態。如:
We will reach the station in two hours. 我們再過兩個小時就會到站了。
6. 謂語部分(動詞與賓語) 是一個不可分割的動詞短語時,一般不用被動語態。如:
The ship set sail this morning. 這艘輪船今天早晨起航了。
通常不用於被動語態的靜態動詞
那裡的人缺乏食物。正:People there lack food. 誤:Food is lacked by people there.
從形式上看,第2句是第1句的相應的被動形式,既然第1句為正句,那麼第2句從理論上說應該是成立的。而事實上第2句卻是個錯句。
在英語中,並不是所有的及物動詞都可以用於被動語態的,有些動詞(尤其是那些靜態動詞)盡管它們可以帶賓語,但卻不用於被動語態,這種動詞考生容易弄錯,其中主要的有:have,lack,fit,suit,cost,let,like等:
他有一台電腦。正:He has a computer.誤:A computer is had by him.
他當時正在洗澡。正:He was taking a bath. 誤:A bath was being had by him.
我的鞋不適合。正:My shoes don』t fit me. 誤:I am not fitted by my shoes.
這架鋼琴花了她6000美元。正:The piano cost her 6000 dollars.
六要注意兩類被動句型的相互轉換
英語中有一種主動句可以轉換成兩種被動句型,它們通常是一些表示客觀說明的句子。如:
People believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
It』s believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
She is believed to be honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
比較上面兩類被動句型可以發現,一類是「it+be+過去分詞+that從句」,另一類則是「主語+be+過去分詞+不定式」(其中的「主語」為前一類句型中that從句中的主語),通常可用於這兩類被動句型的動詞有assume, believe, expect, fear, feel, know, presume, report, say, suppose, think, understand等,比較(同時注意其中時態和動詞形式的變化):
It』s known that he was a good singer. / He is known to have been a good singer. 大家知道他曾是位優秀的歌手。
表示「據說」的三類被動句型

❻ 七八年級英語語法要點人教版

初中英語語法總結

( 動詞的時態)

11.1 一般現在時的用法

1) 經常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on
Sunday。例如:

I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。

2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。例如:

The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位於中國東部。

3) 表示格言或警句。例如:

Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。

注意:此用法如果出現在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現在時。

例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。

4) 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如:

I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.
安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。

比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。

第一句用一般現在時,用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時

的標志,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以後句用一般現在時。

11.2 一般過去時的用法

1)在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour
ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:

Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了?

2)表示在過去一段時間內,經常性或習慣性的動作。例如:

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a
warm welcome.

那時,布朗一家無論什麼時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。

3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。例如:It is
time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。

It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ,例如It is time you
went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。

would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧願某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you
came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。

4) wish, wonder, think, hope
等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等,而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去,現已不復存在

。例如:I thought
you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。

比較:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義:她已不在人間。)

Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義:她現在還活著)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含義:現在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)

注意: 用過去時表示現在,表示委婉語氣。

1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:

Did you want anything else? 您還要些什麼嗎?

I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。

2)情態動詞 could, would。例如:

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車,能借用一些嗎?

11.3 used to / be used to

used to + do:"過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態,但如今已不存在。例如:

Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那麼健忘。

Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。

be used to + doing: 對……已感到習慣,或"習慣於",to是介詞,後需加名詞或動名詞。例如:

He is used to a vegetarian diet.

Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現在已習慣於散步了。

典型例題

---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.

---- It's 69568442.

A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't

答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去,因此應用過

去時。

11.4 一般將來時

1) shall用於第一人稱,常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用於各人稱,在徵求意見時常用於第二人稱。例

如:

Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎?

2) be going to +不定式,表示將來。

a. 主語的意圖,即將做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什麼呢?

b. 計劃,安排要發生的事。例如:The play is going to be proced next
month。這出戲下月開播。

c. 有跡象要發生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a
storm. 看那烏雲,快要下雨了。

3) be +不定式表將來,按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。例如:

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。

4) be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如:

He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。

注意:be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。

11.5 be going to / will 用於條件句時,be going to表將來,will表意願。例如:

If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for
it as soon as possible.

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new
clothes on you in front of the mirror.

11.6 be to和be going to

be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如:

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.
明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)

11.7 一般現在時表將來

1)下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,
return的一般現在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什麼時候開?十分鍾後。

2)以here, there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進行。例如:

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。

3)在時間或條件句中。例如:

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
比爾來後,讓他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那裡,就寫信給你。

4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如:

I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the
room. 離開房間前,務必把窗戶關了。

11.8 用現在進行時表示將來

下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,
return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如:

I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?

11.9 現在完成時

現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態,其結果的影響現在還存在;也可表示持續到現在的動作

或狀態。其構成:have
(has) +過去分詞。

11.10 比較一般過去時與現在完成時

1)一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過

去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。

2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。

一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just
now等,皆為具體的時間狀語。

現在完成時的時間狀語:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,
till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不確定的時間狀語。

共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already,
recently, lately 等。

3)現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如live, teach, learn, work,
study, know.。

一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,
get married等。例如:

I saw this film yesterday. (強調看的動作發生過了)

I have seen this film. (強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了)

Why did you get up so early? (強調起床的動作已發生過了)

Who hasn't handed in his paper? (強調有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭)

He has been in the League for three years. (在團內的狀態可延續)

He has been a League member for three years. (是團員的狀態可持續)

句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday, last, week, in
1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。

(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

11.11 用於現在完成時的句型

1)It is the first / second time.... that…結構中的從句部分,用現在完成時。例如:

It is the first time that I have visited the city.
這是我第一次訪問這城市。

This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。

注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2)This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構,that 從句要用現在完成時。例如:

This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。

典型例題

(1) ---Do you know our town at all?

---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

答案B. This is the first time 後面所加從句應為現在完成時,故選B。

(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?

---No, it's the first time I ___ here.

A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have
come

答案D. ever意為曾經或無論何時,反意詞為never,此兩詞常用於完成時。

注意:非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。

(錯)I have received his letter for a month.

(對)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

11.12 比較since和for

Since 用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續時間長度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意:並非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現在已不在這里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(現在我仍在這里工作。)
注意:用句型轉換的方法,很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。
1)(對) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to
study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(錯) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to
get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然,第二句不對,它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has
been married for six years.

11.13 since的四種用法

1) since +過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鍾點、1980, last month, half past
six)。例如:

I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在這兒。

2) since +一段時間+ ago。例如:

I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒,已經有五個月了。

3) since +從句。例如:

Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走後,變化可大了。

Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走後,變化可大了。

4) It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如:

It is two years since I became a postgraate student.
我考上研究生有兩年了。

11.14 延續動詞與瞬間動詞

1) 用於完成時的區別

延續動詞表示經驗、經歷; 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如:

He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果)

I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)

2) 用於till / until從句的差異

延續動詞用於肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用於否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:

He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 點才回來。

He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。

典型例題

1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.

A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet

答案B. 首先本題後句強調對現在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several
times告知為反復發生的動作,因此用現在完成時。

2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.

---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.

A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be

答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始,持續到現在,應用現在完成時。

11.15 過去完成時

1) 概念:表示過去的過去

----|----------|--------|----> 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。

那時以前 那時 現在

2) 用法

a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。例如:

She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。

b. 狀語從句

在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時。例如:

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
警察到達時,小偷們早就跑了。

c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,
suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。

3) 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon
as。例如:

He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living
by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he
arrived at the party.

湯姆失望了,因為他到達晚會時,大部分客人已經走了。

典型例題

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she
___ in the office.

A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written,
had left D. were writing, had left

答案D.
"把書忘在辦公室"發生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前,因此"忘了書"這一動作發生在過去的過去,用過去完

成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點,表示在"同學們正忙於……"這一背景下,when所引導的動作發生。因此

前一句應用過去進行時。

注意: had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如:

I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。

had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如:

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
他剛買了這輛車,轉眼又賣了。

11.16 用一般過去時代替過去完成時

1) 兩個動作如按順序發生,又不強調先後,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一般過去時。例如:

When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起來。

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。

2 ) 兩個動作相繼發生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。例如:

When I heard the news, I was very excited.

3) 敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。例如:

Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

11.17 將來完成時

1) 構成will have done

2) 概念

a. 狀態完成:表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。例如:

They will have been married for 20 years by then.
到那時他們結婚將有二十年了。

b. 動作完成:表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前,已經完成的動作或獲得的經驗。例如:

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
明天此時,你已經到達上海了。

11.18 現在進行時

現在進行時的基本用法:

a. 表示現在(指說話人說話時)正在發生的事情。例如:

We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。

b. 習慣進行:表示長期的或重復性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行。例如:

Mr. Green is writing another novel.
他在寫另一部小說。(說話時並未在寫,只處於寫作的狀態。)

c. 表示漸變,這樣的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:

The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。

It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。

d. 與always, constantly, forever
等詞連用,表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態,往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如:

You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。

典型例題

My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but
still___ it.

A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost,
haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.

答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續的狀態,應用進行時,由於沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應用完成時,瞬間動詞用

於否定式時可用於完成時。

11.19 不用進行時的動詞

1)表示事實狀態的動詞,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include,
contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two
brothers. 我有兩兄弟。

This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。

2)表示心理狀態的動詞,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose,
imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget,
prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help.
我需要你的幫助。

He loves her very much. 他愛她很深。

3)瞬間動詞,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow,
decide, refuse等。例如:

I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。

4)系動詞,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get,
become, turn等。例如:

You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點累。

11.20 過去進行時

1)概念:表示過去某時正在進行的狀態或動作。

2)過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發生的背景;一個長動作延續的時候,另一個短動作發生。

3) 常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday,
from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt
himself. 我兄弟騎車時摔了下來,受了傷。

It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時,正下著雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
我到達山頂時,陽光燦爛

❼ 初二人教版英語重點語法

常見動詞不定式片語、句型用法總結
.固定用法(非謂語動詞):以下是帶to的動詞不定式常見搭配
★希望做某事hope to do sth. ★決定做某事decide to do sth
★同意做某事agree to do sth. ★需要某人做某事need to do sth.
★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth ★迫不及待做某事can』t wait to do
★准備做某事get/be ready to do ★盡力/努力做某事try to do sth
★ 計劃做某事plan to do sth. ★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.
★輪流做某事take one』s turns to do sth. ★拒絕做某事refuse to do sth.
★告訴某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.★請某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.
★想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth. ★不得不have to do
★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth. ★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.
★喜歡/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth.★encourage sb to do鼓勵某人做
★幫助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do
★It』s one』s turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事 例:It your turn to clean the blackboard.
★It』s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事時候了 例:It』s time for me to go home.
★It』s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 對於某人來說做某事是……
例: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so.
★It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某時間
例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike. 2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night. 3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work.
★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能 例: He was to angry to say a word.
★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.發現/認為/感到做某事是… I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well.
★序數詞+to do 第…..個做某事 例句:Who is the first to get there?
★我不知/忘記了怎麼辦。I didn't know/forgot what to do.
★離開房間時不要忘記/記住關燈
例句:Don』t forget/Remember to turn off the lights when you left the room
★be+adj+to do sth 例句:I am very sorry to hear that. I am ready to help others. I am happy / pleased / glad to meet you.
順口溜:本領最多不定式,主表定補賓和狀;樣樣成分都能幹,只有謂語它不敢;大家千萬要小心,有時它把句型改;作主語時用it,自己在後把身藏;七個感官三使役,賓補要把to甩開;疑問詞後接上它,賓語從句可充當;邏輯主語不定式,不定式前加for sb.;to前not是否定,各種用法區別開。
以下是不帶to的動詞不定式(即動詞原形)的常見用法
★ let sb. do sth讓某人做某事 ★ make do sth使得某人做某事
★ hear do sth do sth聽見某人做某事 ★see do sth do sth看見某人做某事
★why not/why don』t you +動原?為什麼不.?Why not/Why don』t you take a walk?
★ 某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事
★情態動詞can/may /must /should+ 動詞原(包括情態動詞的否定形式+動詞原形)
★ 助動詞do/does/did/will/would在構成疑問句或者構成否定句即don』t /doesn』t /didn』t /will not /would not+ 動詞原形
★ be going to + 動詞原形(表示「即將」「打算」 做某事)
使用-ing分詞的幾種情況
1.在進行時態中。He is watching TV. They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be結構中。如:There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems結構中。如:We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介詞後面。如:Thanks for helping me. Are you good at playing basketball?
What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎麼樣? I am interested in playing football.
5.在以下結構中 1. enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事;
2. finish doing sth; 完成做某事; 3.feel like doing sth 想要做某事;
4. stop doing sth 停止做某事(原來的事) 5.forget doing sth 忘記做過某事
6. go on doing sth 繼續做某事(原來的事);7.remember doing sth 記得做過某事
8. like doing sth 喜歡做某事; 9.find /see/hear/watch sb doing發現/看到/聽到/觀看某人做
10. try doing sth 試圖做某事; 11. need doing sth 需要做某事;
12. prefer doing sth 寧願做某事; 13.mind doing sth 介意做某事;
14. miss doing sth 錯過做某事; 15.practice doing sth 練習做某事;
16. be busy doing sth 忙於做某事;17.can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事;
18.waste time/money doing 浪費時間/錢做; 19.keep sb.doing 讓…始終/一直做…
20. stop sb.(from)doing 阻止某人做某事
21. prefer doing A to doing B=like A better than B喜歡做B更喜歡做A
22. 「do some +doing」短語 如:do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking
23.「go doing」短語去做某事(主要指文娛活動等)如:go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing(滑雪/go boating /go hunting (打獵)
.注意動詞的過去分詞的常見搭配: I feel(am/was) excited/ surprised/ amazed /interested /tired/pleased/worried/lost
Keep…closed/ a boy called/named Tom

❽ 八年級下冊英語學過的所有語法總結!

人教版新目標8年級下英語語法重點
Unit
1
Will
people
have
robots?
重點語法:一般將來時態的應用
Unit
2
What
should
I
do?
重點語法:過去將來時態(將來時態的委婉說法)
Unit
3
What
were
you
doing
when
the
UFO
arrived?
重點語法:過去進行時態
Unit
4
He
said
I
was
hard-working.
重點語法:賓語從句
Unit
5
If
you
go
to
the
party,
you'll
have
a
great
time!
重點語法:if
引導的條件狀語從句
Unit
6
How
long
have
you
been
collecting
shells?
重點語法:現在完成進行時態
Unit
7
Would
you
mind
turning
down
the
music?
重點語法:mind
[one's]
doing
sth.
介意(某人)做某事
Unit
8
Why
don't
you
get
her
a
scarf?
重點語法:詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事
Unit
9
Have
you
ever
been
to
an
amusement?
重點語法:現在完成時態
Unit
10
It's
a
nice
day,
isn't
it?
重點語法:反意疑問句
http://wenku..com/view/49fd2ffff705cc1755270929.html

❾ 2014人教版新目標八年級下冊英語語法匯總

一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或者存在的狀態。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用,如
tomorrow,
the
day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years
等。

be going to do

(動詞原形)結構:表示打算、准備做的事情或者肯定要發生的事情。如:
It is going to rain.

will do

結構表示將來的用法:

1.
表示預見

Do you think it will rain?

You will feel better after a good rest.

2.
表示意圖

I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.

What will she do tomorrow?

基本構成如下:

一般疑問句構成:


1

will+
主語
+do

? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?


2

there be
結構的一般疑問句:
Will there + be

?

Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won』t

否定句構成:
will + not

won』t

+do

Sarah won』t come to visit me next Sunday.

特殊疑問句構成:

特殊疑問詞+
will
+主語+„?
What will Sarah do next Sunday?

★★練一練★★

根據例句,用
will
改寫下列各句

例:
I don』t feel well today.

be better tomorrow


I』ll be better tomorrow
.

1. Gina has six classes today.

have a lot of homework tonight


_____________________________

2. I』m tired now.

sleep later


_____________________________

3. My parents need a new car.

buy one soon


_____________________________

4. We can』t leave right now.

leave a little later


_____________________________

5. The weather is awful today.

be better tomorrow


_____________________________
答案:
1. She』ll have a lot of homework tonight.

2. I』ll sleep later.

3. They』ll buy one soon.

4. We』ll leave a little later.

5. Maybe it』ll be better tomorrow.

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