1. 英語8年級上冊書上所有的重點語法(人教版)
資料多,放不下nbsp;新目標八年級(上)英語復習提綱(全套)nbsp;Unitnbsp;1:nbsp;Hownbsp;oftennbsp;donbsp;younbsp;exercise?nbsp;1.nbsp;gonbsp;tonbsp;thenbsp;moviesnbsp;去看電影nbsp;2.nbsp;looknbsp;afternbsp;=nbsp;takenbsp;carenbsp;ofnbsp;照顧nbsp;3.nbsp;surfnbsp;thenbsp;internetnbsp;上網nbsp;4.nbsp;healthynbsp;lifestylenbsp;健康的生活方式nbsp;5.nbsp;gonbsp;skatenbsp;boardingnbsp;去劃板nbsp;6.nbsp;keepnbsp;healthy=staynbsp;healthynbsp;保持健康nbsp;7.nbsp;exercise=take(much)exercise=donbsp;sports鍛煉nbsp;8.nbsp;eatingnbsp;habitsnbsp;飲食習慣nbsp;9.nbsp;takenbsp;morenbsp;exercisenbsp;做更多的運動nbsp;10.nbsp;thenbsp;samenbsp;asnbsp;與什麼相同nbsp;11.nbsp;benbsp;differentnbsp;fromnbsp;不同nbsp;12.nbsp;oncenbsp;anbsp;month一月一次nbsp;13.nbsp;twicenbsp;anbsp;week一周兩次nbsp;14.nbsp;makenbsp;anbsp;differencenbsp;tonbsp;對什麼有影響nbsp;15.nbsp;hownbsp;oftennbsp;多久一次nbsp;16.nbsp;althoughnbsp;=nbsp;though雖然nbsp;17.nbsp;mostnbsp;ofnbsp;thenbsp;students=mostnbsp;studentsnbsp;18.nbsp;shop=gonbsp;shopping=donbsp;somenbsp;shoppingnbsp;購物nbsp;19.nbsp;asnbsp;for至於nbsp;20.nbsp;activitynbsp;survey活動調查nbsp;21.nbsp;donbsp;homework做家庭作業nbsp;22.nbsp;donbsp;housenbsp;work做家務事nbsp;23.nbsp;eatnbsp;lessnbsp;meat吃更少的肉nbsp;24.nbsp;junknbsp;food垃圾食物nbsp;25.nbsp;benbsp;goodnbsp;fornbsp;對什麼有益nbsp;26.nbsp;benbsp;badnbsp;for對什麼有害nbsp;27.nbsp;wantnbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;sthnbsp;想做某事nbsp;28.nbsp;wantnbsp;sbnbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;sth想某人做某事nbsp;29.nbsp;trynbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;sthnbsp;盡量做某事nbsp;30.nbsp;comenbsp;homenbsp;fromnbsp;school放學回家nbsp;31.nbsp;ofnbsp;coursenbsp;=nbsp;certainlynbsp;=nbsp;sure當然nbsp;32.nbsp;getnbsp;goodnbsp;grades取得好成績nbsp;33.nbsp;somenbsp;advicenbsp;34.nbsp;hardly=notnbsp;nearlynbsp;/nbsp;almostnbsp;not幾乎不nbsp;35.nbsp;keep/benbsp;innbsp;goodnbsp;health保持健康nbsp;36.benbsp;stressed緊張的,有壓力的nbsp;37.nbsp;takenbsp;anbsp;vacationnbsp;去度假nbsp;48.getnbsp;backnbsp;回來nbsp;Unitnbsp;2nbsp;What』snbsp;thenbsp;matter?nbsp;1.nbsp;Havenbsp;anbsp;coldnbsp;感冒nbsp;2.nbsp;sorenbsp;backnbsp;背痛nbsp;3.nbsp;necknbsp;andnbsp;necknbsp;並駕齊驅,齊頭並進nbsp;4.nbsp;Inbsp;havenbsp;anbsp;stomachachenbsp;我胃痛nbsp;=nbsp;Inbsp;havenbsp;gotnbsp;anbsp;stomachachenbsp;=nbsp;Therenbsp;isnbsp;somethingnbsp;wrongnbsp;withnbsp;mynbsp;stomachnbsp;=nbsp;Mynbsp;stomachnbsp;hurtsnbsp;=nbsp;Inbsp;havenbsp;(got)nbsp;anbsp;painnbsp;innbsp;mynbsp;stomachnbsp;5.nbsp;What』snbsp;thenbsp;matter?nbsp;怎麼了?nbsp;=nbsp;What』snbsp;thenbsp;troublenbsp;(withnbsp;you)?nbsp;=nbsp;What』snbsp;yournbsp;trouble?nbsp;=nbsp;What』snbsp;wrongnbsp;(withnbsp;you)?nbsp;=nbsp;What』nbsp;thenbsp;matternbsp;(withnbsp;you)?nbsp;=Whatnbsp;hasnbsp;happenednbsp;tonbsp;you?nbsp;=nbsp;Isnbsp;therenbsp;anythingnbsp;wrongnbsp;(withnbsp;you)?nbsp;=nbsp;what』snbsp;up?nbsp;6.nbsp;sorenbsp;throatnbsp;咽喉痛nbsp;7.nbsp;lienbsp;downnbsp;andnbsp;restnbsp;躺下休息nbsp;8.nbsp;seenbsp;anbsp;dentistnbsp;看牙醫nbsp;9.nbsp;drinknbsp;lotsnbsp;ofnbsp;waternbsp;多喝水nbsp;10.nbsp;hotnbsp;teanbsp;withnbsp;honeynbsp;加蜂蜜的熱茶nbsp;11.That』snbsp;anbsp;goodnbsp;ideanbsp;好主意nbsp;12.That』snbsp;toonbsp;badnbsp;太糟糕了nbsp;13.Inbsp;thinknbsp;sonbsp;我認為如此nbsp;14.nbsp;I』mnbsp;notnbsp;feelingnbsp;well
2. 初二人教版英語重點語法
常見動詞不定式片語、句型用法總結
.固定用法(非謂語動詞):以下是帶to的動詞不定式常見搭配
★希望做某事hope to do sth. ★決定做某事decide to do sth
★同意做某事agree to do sth. ★需要某人做某事need to do sth.
★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth ★迫不及待做某事can』t wait to do
★准備做某事get/be ready to do ★盡力/努力做某事try to do sth
★ 計劃做某事plan to do sth. ★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.
★輪流做某事take one』s turns to do sth. ★拒絕做某事refuse to do sth.
★告訴某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.★請某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.
★想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth. ★不得不have to do
★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth. ★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.
★喜歡/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth.★encourage sb to do鼓勵某人做
★幫助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do
★It』s one』s turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事 例:It your turn to clean the blackboard.
★It』s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事時候了 例:It』s time for me to go home.
★It』s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 對於某人來說做某事是……
例: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so.
★It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某時間
例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike. 2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night. 3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work.
★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能 例: He was to angry to say a word.
★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.發現/認為/感到做某事是… I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well.
★序數詞+to do 第…..個做某事 例句:Who is the first to get there?
★我不知/忘記了怎麼辦。I didn't know/forgot what to do.
★離開房間時不要忘記/記住關燈
例句:Don』t forget/Remember to turn off the lights when you left the room
★be+adj+to do sth 例句:I am very sorry to hear that. I am ready to help others. I am happy / pleased / glad to meet you.
順口溜:本領最多不定式,主表定補賓和狀;樣樣成分都能幹,只有謂語它不敢;大家千萬要小心,有時它把句型改;作主語時用it,自己在後把身藏;七個感官三使役,賓補要把to甩開;疑問詞後接上它,賓語從句可充當;邏輯主語不定式,不定式前加for sb.;to前not是否定,各種用法區別開。
以下是不帶to的動詞不定式(即動詞原形)的常見用法
★ let sb. do sth讓某人做某事 ★ make do sth使得某人做某事
★ hear do sth do sth聽見某人做某事 ★see do sth do sth看見某人做某事
★why not/why don』t you +動原?為什麼不.?Why not/Why don』t you take a walk?
★ 某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事
★情態動詞can/may /must /should+ 動詞原(包括情態動詞的否定形式+動詞原形)
★ 助動詞do/does/did/will/would在構成疑問句或者構成否定句即don』t /doesn』t /didn』t /will not /would not+ 動詞原形
★ be going to + 動詞原形(表示「即將」「打算」 做某事)
使用-ing分詞的幾種情況
1.在進行時態中。He is watching TV. They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be結構中。如:There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems結構中。如:We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介詞後面。如:Thanks for helping me. Are you good at playing basketball?
What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎麼樣? I am interested in playing football.
5.在以下結構中 1. enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事;
2. finish doing sth; 完成做某事; 3.feel like doing sth 想要做某事;
4. stop doing sth 停止做某事(原來的事) 5.forget doing sth 忘記做過某事
6. go on doing sth 繼續做某事(原來的事);7.remember doing sth 記得做過某事
8. like doing sth 喜歡做某事; 9.find /see/hear/watch sb doing發現/看到/聽到/觀看某人做
10. try doing sth 試圖做某事; 11. need doing sth 需要做某事;
12. prefer doing sth 寧願做某事; 13.mind doing sth 介意做某事;
14. miss doing sth 錯過做某事; 15.practice doing sth 練習做某事;
16. be busy doing sth 忙於做某事;17.can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事;
18.waste time/money doing 浪費時間/錢做; 19.keep sb.doing 讓…始終/一直做…
20. stop sb.(from)doing 阻止某人做某事
21. prefer doing A to doing B=like A better than B喜歡做B更喜歡做A
22. 「do some +doing」短語 如:do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking
23.「go doing」短語去做某事(主要指文娛活動等)如:go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing(滑雪/go boating /go hunting (打獵)
.注意動詞的過去分詞的常見搭配: I feel(am/was) excited/ surprised/ amazed /interested /tired/pleased/worried/lost
Keep…closed/ a boy called/named Tom
3. 目前人教版的八年級英語語法學到哪裡了
八年級上冊學的都比較簡單,形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級,句子成分,類型,簡單句的五種基本句型,賓語從句,各種時態包括一般現在時,現在進行時,一般過去時,動詞不定式等……具體內容如下——
一、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級
1) 單音節形容詞的比較級和最高級形式是在詞尾加 -er 和 -est 構成。
great (原級) greater(比較級) greatest(最高級)
2) 以 -e 結尾的單音節形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加 -r 和 -st 構成。
wide (原級) wider (比較級) widest (最高級)
3)少數以-y, -er, -ow, -ble結尾的雙音節形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加 -er 和 -est 構成。
clever(原級) cleverer(比較級) cleverest(最高級)
4) 以 -y 結尾,但 -y 前是輔音字母的形容詞的比較級和最高級是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 構成.
happy (原形) happier (比較級) happiest (最高級)
5) 以一個輔音字母結尾其前面的母音字母發短母音的形容詞的比較級和最高級是雙寫該輔音字母然後再加 -er和-est。
big (原級) bigger (比較級) biggest (最高級)
6) 雙音節和多音節形容詞的比較級和最高級需用more 和 most 加在形容詞前面來構成。
beautiful (原級)? difficult (原級)
more beautiful (比較級) more difficult (比較級)
most beautiful (最高級) most difficult (最高級)
不規則變化
原級 比較級 最高級
good better best
many more most
much more most
bad worse worst
little less least
ill worse worst
far farther(further) farthest(furthest)
deep deeper deepest
tall taller tallest
形容詞比較級的用法:
形容詞的比較級用於兩個人或事物的比較,其結構形式如下:
主語+謂語(系動詞)+ 形容詞比較級+than+ 對比成分。 也就是, 含有形容詞比較級的主句+than+從句。注意從句常常省去意義上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下對比的成分。
形容詞最高級的用法:
形容詞最高級用於兩個以上的人和物進行比較, 其結構形式為:
主語+謂語(系動詞)+the+形容詞最高級+名詞+表示範圍的短語或從句。
二、句子成分
1、主語
主語表示句子主要說明的人或事物,一般由名詞,代詞,數詞,不定式等充當。
2、謂語
謂語說明主語的動作,狀態或特徵。
一般可分為兩類:
1),簡單謂語
由動詞(或短語動詞)構成。
可以有不同的時態,語態和語氣。
2),復合謂語:情態動詞+不定式
3、表語
4、賓語
賓語表示動作行為的對象,跟在及物動詞之後,能作賓語的有名詞,代詞,數詞,動詞不定式等。
有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語,往往一個指人,一個指物,指人的叫間接賓語,指物的叫直接賓語。
有些及物動詞的賓語後面還需要有一個補足語,意思才完整,賓語和它的補足語構成復合賓語。
5、定語
在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。
用作定語的主要是形容詞,代詞,數詞,名詞,副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等。形容詞,代詞,數詞,名詞等作定語時,通常放在被修飾的詞前面。
但副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等作定語時,則放在被修飾的詞之後。
6、狀語
修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞以及全句的句子成分,叫做狀語。用作狀語的通常是副詞,介詞短語,不定式和從句等。狀語一般放在被修飾的詞之後或放在句尾。副詞作狀語時可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。
三、句子類型:
1、簡單句的基本形式是由一個主語加一個謂語構成。
2、復合句(Complex Sentence)由一個主句(Principal Clause)和一個或一個以上的從句(Subordinate Clause)構成。
3、兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用並列連詞連在一起構成的句子,叫做並列句,其基本結構是「簡單句+並列連詞+簡單句」。
四、簡單句的五種基本句型
基本句型一: S V (主+謂)
基本句型二: S V P (主+謂+表)
基本句型三: S V O (主+謂+賓)
基本句型四: S V o O (主+謂+間賓+直賓)
基本句型五: S V O C (主+謂+賓+賓補)
五、賓語從句
在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.
1. 由that引導的賓語從句。That只有語法作用,沒有實在的意義,在口語
和非正式文體中可以省略。
2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分。if或whether引導的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是「是否」。
初二上冊學的賓從就是這些。
六、時態:
一. 一般現在時: (1)表示現在的狀態, 例如:He』s twelve. (2)表示經常性的或習慣性的動作,例如:I go to school every day. (3)表示主語具備的性格和能力,
1. 肯定句結構:
(1) 行為動詞:
a. 第一、二人稱,復數人稱: They/We/You+動詞原形...
b.第三人稱單數: He/She/It+動詞-s/es…
(2)系動詞(be): I am... They/We/You are… He/She/It is…
2.否定句結構:
(1) 行為動詞:
a. 第一、二人稱,復數人稱: They/We/You+don』t+動詞原形... 例如:They don』t go to school every day.
b.第三人稱單數:He/She/It+doesn』t +動詞原形… 例如:Lily doesn』t like singing.
(2)系動詞(be): 在is/am/are後加not 例如:I am not a worker.
3. 一般疑問句結構:
a. 第一、二人稱,復數人稱: Do+they/we/you+動詞原形...
b.第三人稱單數: Does +he/she/iIt+動詞原形…
(2)系動詞(be):把is/am/are提在主語前.
二.現在進行時: 表示現在正在進行的動作或發生的事情.常與now, look…, listen…等表示現在狀態的時間狀語連用.
1.肯定句結構: 主語+is/am/are+動詞-ing…
2.否定句結構: 在is/am/are後加not
3. 一般疑問句結構: 把is/am/are提在主語前.
三.一般過去時:表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態.常與yesterday…, last…, …ago, in1990等表示過去狀態的時間狀語連用.
1. 肯定句結構:
(1) 行為動詞: 主語+動詞的過去式…
例如: The twins went to school two hours ago.
(2) 系動詞(be): I/ He/She/It+was… They/We/You+were…
例如: I was at home last night.
2.否定句結構:
(1) 行為動詞: 主語+didn』t+動詞原形…
(2)系動詞(be): 在was/were後加not
3. 一般疑問句結構:
(1) 行為動詞: Did+主語+動詞原形…?
(2)系動詞(be): 把was/were提在主語前.
例如: Were you at home last night? (Yes, I was. No, I was』t.)
四.一般將來時: 表示將來某時將要發生的動作或存在的狀態,也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作.
1. 肯定句結構:
(1)用於書面語: 主語+will+動詞…
例如: We will come to see you tomorrow
(2)用於口語: 主語+am/is/are going to+動詞…
例如: Tom is going to see his uncle next Sunday.
2.否定句結構:
(1)用於書面語: 在will後加not
例如: We won』t come to see you tomorrow. (will not=won』t)
(2)用於口語: 在is/am/are後加not.
例如: Tom isn』 going to see his uncle next Sunday.
五.動詞不定式:want /forget /remember /would like /go + to + 動詞原形…
例如: I want to get back my book..
Lucy went to see his mother last night.
八年級下冊英語語法重點,加強學習了情態動詞及用法,加強學習了一般將來時,學習了直接引語變間接引語,過去進行時,現在完成時,反義疑問句,狀語從句等。
一、情態動詞
定義:情態動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,但要與動詞原形一起使用,給謂語動詞增添情態色彩,表示說話人對有關行為或事物的態度和看法,認為其可能、應該或必要等。
位置:情態動詞在句中放在謂語動詞之前, 謂語動詞前若有助動詞,則在助動詞之前,疑問句中, 情態動詞則在主語之前。
用法初二重點掌握may和might,will和would.
1、may和might的用法
1. 表示許可。
表示請求、允許時,might比may的語氣更委婉一些,否定回答時(口語中常用) no , you can't . or , yes, please 用mustn't表示「不可以」、「禁止」、「阻止」之意(具有強烈禁止的意思)如:
You may drive the car.
— Might I use your pen? — No, you mustn't.
用May I ... 征詢對方許可在文體上比較正式,在口氣上比較客氣。在日常口語中,用Can I ... 征詢對方意見在現代口語中更為常見。
2. 用於祈使句中表示祝願。如:
May you succeed!
3. 表示推測、可能(疑問句不能用於此意)。
He may be very busy now.
4. 「may(might) + have + 過去分詞」表示對過去發生的行為的推測。如:
He may not have finished the work.
2、will和would的用法
1. 表示請求、建議等,would比will委婉客氣。如:
Would you pass me the book?
2. 表示意志、願望和決心。如:
I will never do that again.
3. 用「will be」和「will(would) + have + 過去分詞」的結構表示推測,主要用於第二、三人稱。前者表示對目前情況的推測,後者表示對已經完成的動作或事態的推測。如:
This will be the book you want.
I thought you would have finished this by now.
4. Would可表示過去反復發生的動作或某種傾向。Would表過去習慣時比used to正式,並沒有「現已無此習慣」的含義。如:
The wound would not heal.
During the vacation he would visit me every week.
5. 表料想或猜想。如:
It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there?
I thought he would have told you all about it.
二、一般將來時
一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態,也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作。常常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。
Will和shall用法的區別
① 說或寫都盡量使用「I'll, You'll, He'll , She'll , It'll, We'll , They'll …」的簡縮形。
②要表達主語的「意志」,通常都用「will」(文法上稱為意志將來。)
② 說話者要把自己的「意志」表達或行使出去,通常用「shall」。
③ 第一人稱問句使用「shall」。
④ 問句是「Shall…?」,答句就用「shall ~」;問句用「Will …?」,答句就用「will ~ 」。
三、直接引語變間接引語
一、如何變人稱;
人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如:
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
直接引語變間接引語時,若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱。或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱,如:
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
直接引語變間接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如:
Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
二、如何變時態:
直接引語在改為間接引語時、時態需要做相應的調整。
現在時它需改為過去時態;過去時態改為完成時;過去完成時則保留原來的時態。如:
1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen
2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.
3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變為間接引語時,時態一般不變化。
①直接引語是客觀真理。
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引語是過去進行時,時態不變。如:
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語,變為間接引語時,時態不變。如:
Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。
④直接引語如果是一般現在時。表示一種反復出現或習慣性的動作,變間接引語,時態不變。如:
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
⑤如果直接引語中的情態動詞沒有過去時的形式(例:ought to, had better, used to)和已經是過去時的形式時,(例:could, should, would, might)不再變。如:
Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。
三、如何變狀語:
直接引語變間接引語,狀語變化有其內在規津,時間狀語由「現在」改為「原來」(例:now變為then, yesterday。變為 the day before)地點狀語,尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代詞修飾的狀語,由「此」改為「彼」(例:this 改為that),如:
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.
四、如何變句型:
①直接引語如果是陳述句,間接引語應改為由that引導的賓語從句。如:She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引語如果是反意疑問句,選擇疑問句或一般疑問句,間接引語應改為由whether或if引導的賓語從句.如:He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven『t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引語如果是特殊問句,間接引語應該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導的賓語從句(賓語從句必須用陳述句語序)。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引語如果是祈使句,間接引語應改為"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如:
"Don』t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引語如果是以「Let『s」開頭的祈使句,變為間接引語時,通常用「suggest +動句詞(或從句)。」如:
He said, "Let』s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
引述別人的話有兩種方式:一是使用引號引出人家的原話,這叫做直接引語;一是用自己的話把人家的話轉述出來,這叫做間接引語。例如:
John said, "I』m going to London with my father."
約翰說:"我要和父親到倫敦去。"(引號內是直接引語)
John said that he was going to London with his father.
約翰說,他要和他父親去倫敦。(賓語從句是間接引語)
[注意]
(1) 如果直接引語是表示客觀真理時,變為間接引語,一般現在時不改為一般過去時。如:
The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."
→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
(2) 如果直接引語中有明確表示過時間的狀語,變為間接引語時,一般過去時不改為過去完成時。如:
He said to me, "I was born in 1973."
→He told me that he was born in 1973.
(3)如果直接引語所述事實在當時和目前同樣生效,變為間接賓語時,一般現在時不改為一般過去時。如:
He said, "I』m a boy, not a girl."
→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.
(4)如果直接引語中的謂語動詞表示一種反復出現或習慣動作,在變為間接引時,一般現在時不改為一般過去時。如:
The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."
→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.
(5)如果直接引語中含有since, when, while 引導的表示過去時間的狀語從句,在變為間接引語時,只改變主句中的謂語動詞,從句的一般過去時則不變。如:
He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
(6)如果直接引語中含有情態動詞 must, need, had better以及情態動詞的過去式could, might, should, would,在變為間接引語時,這些情態動詞沒有時態的改變。例如:
The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."
→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.
He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."
→He said that he could swim when he was only six.
6.代詞等一般地應作用相應的變化。
指示代詞 this ---that
these--- those
表示時間的詞 now --- then
today--- that day
this week(month ,etc) ----that week (month ,etc)
yesterday ----the day before
last week(month) --- the week(month) before
three days(a year)ago---three days(a year)before
tomorrow ----the next (following ) day
next week(month)--the next(following)week(month)
表地點的詞 here --there
動詞 bring -- take
come –go
四、過去進行時
一、 概念和用法:過去進行時表示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間內進行或發生的動作。其形式為was /were + V-ing。常與表示過去的時間狀語連用,如:last night, last Saturday等;或者與when, while, as引導的過去時間狀語連用。例如: We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七點到九點的時候我們在看電視。 What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什麼?
二、 過去進行時可以表示在過去某個時間點發生的事情。時間點可以用介詞短語、副詞或從句來表示。如: What was she doing at nine o『clock yesterday? 昨天晚上九點她在做什麼? (介詞短語表示時間點) When I saw him he was decorating his room. 當我看見他的時候他正在裝飾房間。 (when從句表示時間點)
三、 在復合句中,如果主要動作和背景動作都是延續的或同時發生的,那麼主從句的動詞都可用過去進行時。例如: While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他邊等車邊看報。 (兩個動作都是延續的) He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦車時我在做飯。(兩個動作同時進行)
四、 通常不能用於過去進行時的動詞主要有:agree, is,am,are, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(擁有), wish等。
五、現在完成時
用法
(1)現在完成時用來表示現在之前已發生過或完成的動作或狀態,但其結果卻和現在有聯系,也就是說,動作或狀態發生在過去但它的影響現在還存在.
I have spent all of my money.(含義是:現在我沒有錢花了.)
(2)現在完成時可以用來表示發生在過去某一時刻的,持續到現在的情況,常與for(+時間段),since(+時間點)連用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
注(超重要):瞬間動詞(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接與for since 連用。要改變動詞
come-be
go out-be out
finish-be over
1.have代替buy
My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
5、用wear代替put on
b)用「be+形容詞」代終止性動詞
1、be+married代marry 2、be+ill代fall (get) ill
3、be+dead代die 4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用「be+副詞」代終止性動詞
1「be+on」代start,begin
2「be+up」代get up
d)用「be+介詞短語」代終止性動詞
1.「be in/at +地點」代替go to /come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army
3.「be in/at +地點」代替move to
常用瞬間動詞變延續性動詞表:
1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
→have been in sw./at…相應的介詞
2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back
3. have come/gone out →have been out
4. have become → have been
5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open
6. have got up → have been up;
7. have died → have been dead;
8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.
9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep;
10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over; 六、反義疑問句
反意疑問句(The Disjunctive Question)
即附加疑問句。它表示提問人的看法,沒有把握,需要對方證實。
反義疑問句由兩部分組成:前一部分是一個陳述句,後一部分是一個簡短的疑問句,兩部分的人稱時態應保持一致。
1.陳述部分肯定式+疑問部分否定式
2.陳述部分否定式+疑問部分肯定式
They work hard, don』t they?
七、狀語從句
狀語從句 (Adverbial Clause)
狀語從句指句子用作狀語時,起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。根據其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。
1. 時間狀語從句
常用引導詞:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引導詞:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
2. 地點狀語從句
常用引導詞:where
特殊引導詞:wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
3. 原因狀語從句
常用引導詞:because, since, as, for
特殊引導詞:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I』m handsome and successful.
4. 目的狀語從句
常用引導詞:so that, in order that
特殊引導詞:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
同學,這可是我結合課本與網路「嘔心瀝血」總結出來的,希望對你有所幫助,如果還不行,建議到人教網把電子課本翻到後面也還有。
4. 2014人教版新目標八年級下冊英語語法匯總
一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或者存在的狀態。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用,如
tomorrow,
the
day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years
等。
be going to do
(動詞原形)結構:表示打算、准備做的事情或者肯定要發生的事情。如:
It is going to rain.
will do
結構表示將來的用法:
1.
表示預見
Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest.
2.
表示意圖
I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本構成如下:
一般疑問句構成:
(
1
)
will+
主語
+do
„
? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?
(
2
)
there be
結構的一般疑問句:
Will there + be
„
?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won』t
否定句構成:
will + not
(
won』t
)
+do
Sarah won』t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑問句構成:
特殊疑問詞+
will
+主語+„?
What will Sarah do next Sunday?
★★練一練★★
根據例句,用
will
改寫下列各句
例:
I don』t feel well today.
(
be better tomorrow
)
I』ll be better tomorrow
.
1. Gina has six classes today.
(
have a lot of homework tonight
)
_____________________________
2. I』m tired now.
(
sleep later
)
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car.
(
buy one soon
)
_____________________________
4. We can』t leave right now.
(
leave a little later
)
_____________________________
5. The weather is awful today.
(
be better tomorrow
)
_____________________________
答案:
1. She』ll have a lot of homework tonight.
2. I』ll sleep later.
3. They』ll buy one soon.
4. We』ll leave a little later.
5. Maybe it』ll be better tomorrow.
5. 人教版八年級所有英語語法
5.Thanks for taking care of my dog.謝謝你照看我的狗。
6.Don't forget to clean his bed.不要忘了清掃他的床。
7.I'm going to work on my English project and then meet my friends. 我要做英語功課,然後見我的朋友。
8.I'm going on vacation tomorrow.明天我要度假。
Unit 12
close to home靠近家的
movie theater影院
comfortable seats舒適的座位
do a survey of做一個調查
play a piano piece彈一支鋼琴曲
the price of……的價格
the radio station廣播電台
think about考慮
talent show才能展示
boring TV show乏味的電視節目
a 1ot許多
1.What's the best movie theater? 哪個是最好的影院?
2.What is the best radio station? 哪個是最好的廣播電台?
3.It has the most comfortable seats.它擁有最舒適的座位。
4.What do young people think about places in town? 年輕人關於鎮上的位置是什麼看法?
5.We did a survey of our readers.我們做了一個讀者涮查。
6.Last week's talent show was a great success.上周的才能展示是一個成功。
7.She played a beautiful piano piece.她演奏了一支優美的鋼琴曲。
8.What is the most boring TV show? 最乏味的電視劇是什麼7
9.The price of a hotel room is about 320 yuan a night. 一個旅館房間的價格是每晚320元。
10.There's a lot things to do.有許多事情要做。
Review of units 7一12
make mushroom soup做蘑菇湯
a speech contest一次演講比賽
live in居住在……
creative job富有創造性的工作
arrive in到達
elementary school小學
funniest movie actor最有意思的電影演員
1.How do you make mushroom soup? 你怎麼做蘑菇湯?
2.I won a speech contest.我演講比賽獲勝。
3.Are you going to live in Beijing?你要住在北京嗎?
4.No,not an actor,another kind of creative job.不,不是做演員,而是另一種富有創造性的工作。
5.We arrived in Australia 0n August 20th.
我們在八月二十日到達澳大利亞。
6.What is the best elementary school?最好的小學是哪個?
7.Who do you think is the funniest movie actor? 你認為誰是最有意思的電影演員? 下冊a pair of一雙,一對 ask for 請求 ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干 agree with贊同 all year round一年到頭,全年 all kinds of各種,各樣 all the time一直 argue with與爭吵 around the world在世界各地 arrive in/at到達 at least至少 at a meeting在開會 at first首先 as…as possible盡可能 as…as象一樣 be able to能夠 be angry with 生氣 be mad at對感到氣憤 be good at擅長於 be careful小心 be allowed被允許 be surprised驚訝 be supposed to被期望/被要求 be interested in對感興趣 break the rule打破規則 by the way順便 complain about抱怨 come along出現,發生 come true實現,達到 come in進來 cut in line插隊 call sb. up打電話給 do/wash the dishes洗碗 drop litter亂扔垃圾 do well in在方面做得好 enjoy /finish doing sth喜歡/完成某事 end up結束 fall in love with愛上 fall asleep入睡 far from遠離 first of all首先 fly to飛向 find out找到 …find it adj. to do sth keep…down壓低聲音 keep out不讓進入 look for尋找 look smart 看起來精幹 look after照顧 look through瀏覽 let (sb) in讓進 let sbget along相處 get over克服 get annoyed生氣 get bored厭煩 get an ecation受教育 get on (well) with與相處(好) get injured受傷 give sb sth/give sth to sb給某人某物 give away贈送 go skating去溜冰 go out of從出去/來 have a fight with與打架/爭吵 have a surprise party舉行驚訝聚會 have a great/good time玩得愉快 have been to曾到過 hear about/of聽說 hundreds of好幾百 had better (not) do sth最好做 in a minute一會兒 in 100 years100年後 in good health身體健康 in front of 在前面 in the future 未來,將來 in the front of在前面 in the playground在操場 in/out of style時髦/過時 in silence默默地 in order to目的 in (Russian) style具有俄國風格 in public places在公共場合 It take sb some time to do sth.花費某人時間干某事 the same as與相同 try (not) to do sth盡力(不)干 three quarters四分之三 turn on/off打開/關掉 turn up/down開大/關小 talk to/with與談話 take care of照顧 take part in參加 take off起飛take away拿走 take place發生 take an interest in對感興趣 take care (not) to do小心(不)做 thanks for (doing)謝謝(做) wait in line排隊等候 want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干 make sb do sth使某人干 make a living (doing sth)謀生 make money賺錢 make friends with與交友 more than多於 need to do sth 需要干 not…anymore不再 not…until直到為止 not at all一點也不 on (my tenth) birthday在(我十歲)生日 on the phone在通話 on the one/other hand在一(另)方面 open up打開 put out熄滅 好不容易收集到的,希望滿意(太多拉還有如果需要請加我1413979442)
6. 八年級英語上冊語法大全人教版 所有語法 所有單元
leavesbbyoneself獨自留下某人needn't=don'thaveto不需it's 形容詞 todosthmakesbdosth讓某人做某事letsbdosth讓某人做某事enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得開心tellsb(not)todosth告訴某人做某事asksb(not)todosth詢問某人做某事be(not) 形容詞 enouth todosthbe too 形容詞 todosthtakecareof=lookafter照顧each of固定搭配assoonas一……就want,agree,ask,begin,decided,listen,hope,learn以上詞語後跟todosthfinish,enjoy,keep,mind,miss,practise以上詞語後跟doingsthstop,forget,remember以上詞語後可跟todosth也可跟doingsth。比如「forgettodosth」意思是「忘記去做某事(表示事情還沒做)」,「forgetdoingsth」則表示「忘了做過某事(表示事情已經做了)」,如此類推,其餘兩個用法相同。seesbdoingsth看見某人正在做某事seesbdosth看見過某人做某事makeit 形容詞 todosthenjoy/help/teach oneself靠自己reach=getto=arrivein/at註:arrivein表示到達較大的地方,比如一個國家,一座城市等;arriveat表示到達較小的地方,如學校,電影院等。havebeento曾經去過某地(現在已經回來了)havebeenin一直在某地(現在仍在某地)havegoneto去了某地(現在正在去的途中,還沒回來)現在完成時:have(has) 動詞過去分詞lookforwordto 動詞ingdivededinto把……分成alittle=abitof一點點too……to 動詞原形現在完成時的動詞短語變化:began→beoncome/arrive→beherego/leave→beawaybuy→havedie→bedeadborrow→keepjoin→beamember(in)in 一段時間表示將來將來時表達形式:begoingtodosth=willdosth=bedoingsthdoone'sbest=tryone'sbest盡力去做某事afraidto 動詞afraidof 名詞usetodosth過去常做某事didn'tusetodo=usen'ttodo過去不做某事nolonger=notanylonger現在不做某事fillwith=befullof裝滿gotobed上床去睡覺gotosleep入睡fallasleep從上床到入睡的全過程(動態)beasleep睡著(靜態)on 具體某天的早上/下午/晚上makeoutof用……做出abit 形容詞abitof 名詞afew(用於可數名詞肯定句)few(用於可數名詞否定句)alittle(用於不可數名詞肯定句)little(用於不可數名詞否定句)many(用於可數名詞)much(用於不可數名詞)bit(可數與不可數兩者均可