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英語七年級語法改句型

發布時間:2021-01-02 07:27:37

『壹』 七年級下冊英語語法及重點句型

人教版新目標英語七年級(下)各單元知識概要 Unit 1 Where』s your pen pal from? 一、片語 be from= come form 來自... pen pal=pen friend 筆友 like and dislike 好惡;愛憎 live in….在...居住 speak English 講英語 play sports 做體育運動 a little French 一些法語 go to the movies 去看電影 an action movie 一部動作片 on weekends 在周末 Excuse me 對不起,打擾 get to 到達、抵達 beginning of 在...開始的時候 at the end of 在...結束的時候 arrive at / 二、句型 (1)、Where主 +be+主語+from? 主語+be+from+地點. (2)、Where do/does+主語+live? 主語+live/lives in… (3)、What language do/does +主語+speak? 主語+speak/speaks…. (4)、主語+like/likes+doing… 三、日常交際用語 1-Where is your pen pal from? -He』s from China. 2-Where does she live? --She lives in Tokyo. 3-Does she speak English? -Yes,she does/No,she dosen』t. 4-Is that your new pen pal? -Yes,he is /No,he isn』t. 5-What language does she speak? -She speaks English. Unit 2 Where』s the post office 一、片語 post office 郵局 pay phone 投幣式公用電話 next to 在...隔壁 across from 在...對面 in front of 在...前面 between…and… 在...和...之間 on a street 在街上 in the neighborhood 在附近 on the right/left 在右邊/在左邊 on one』s right/left 在某人的右邊/左邊 turn right/left 向右/左轉 take a walk 散步 have fun 玩得開心 the way to …去...的路 take a taxi 打的/乘計程車 go down(along)…沿著...走 go through...穿過... have a good trip 旅途愉快

『貳』 誰知道七年級上冊英語的語法和句型

新目標英語七年級上冊語法知識與句型總結 Review of Units 1~7 一. 考點歸納 1. Hello, Gina. Good morning. 嗨,吉娜。早上好。英文中常用的問候語及其回答:-Hello. -Hello. ―Hi. ―Hi. ―Good morning. ―Good morning. ―Good afternoon. ―Good afternoon. ―Good evening. ―Good evening. ―Good night. ―Good night.晚安。(晚上分別時) ―How do you do? 你好。(初次見面時互相問好) ―How do you do? 你好。 ―How are you? 你好嗎?(已相識者問對方好?)―Fine, thank you.好,謝謝。 2. Sorry, I』m late. 對不起,我遲到了。 sorry 「對不起」 用於引出某一過錯。 Excuse me. 「對不起」 用於引起對方的注意。例如: 1)I』m sorry I can』t speak English.對不起,我不會說英語。 2)Excuse me, is this your backpack?打擾一下,這是你的背包嗎? 3. Nice to meet you! 很高興認識你!--Nice to meet you,too! 4. What』s this in English? 這個用英語怎麼說? 1) 同義句:What』s the English for this? 2) 用什麼語言,介詞用in: 「in + 某種語言」. 例如: in English 用英語 in Chinese 用漢語 in Japanese 用日語 5. Let』s learn English. 讓我們學英語。(一) let』s = let us 讓我們Let』s learn English.讓我們學習英語吧。= Why not learn English?為什麼不學習英語呢?= What/How about learning English? 學習英語怎麼樣?(二) let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事 例如:Let me play the guitar. 注意:1)let sb. do sth. 中的sb.若是代詞要用賓格形式。 Let she sing an English song. (×) Let her sing an English song. (√) 2)let sb. do sth.. 中的sb.即使是第三人稱單數後面的動詞仍用原形,例如: Let him plays soccer. (×) Let him play soccer. (√) 3)learn from 向……學習, 例如:Let us learn from Lei Feng.讓我們向雷鋒學習。 4 ) learn to do sth..學會干某事 例如: He learns to speak a little French.他學會說一點法語。 6. What color is this sweater? 這個毛衣是什麼顏色? 1) 對顏色提問的兩種方法:What color …? = What』s the color of …? 例如: What color is your sweater? = What』s the color of your sweater?你的毛衣是什麼顏色? What color are these pants? 這些褲子是什麼顏色? 2) color是可數名詞,例如:I don』t like these colors.我不喜歡這些顏色。 7. What』s your name? 你叫什麼名字? 1) 對姓名的幾種提問及回答: What』s your name? = May I have/know your name?My name is … = I』m … 2) 姓氏:family name / last name 名字: first name 全名:full name 8. Is this your dictionary? 這是你的字典嗎?答:Yes, it is. / No, it isn』t. 例如: Is that your brother』s backpack? --Yes, it is. / No, it isn』t. 9. Call John at 495-3539. 給約翰打電話495-3539。 Please call Gina, her phone number is 2684753.=Please call Gina at 2684753. 10. Thanks for the photo of your family. 感謝你的全家福照片。 1) Thanks. = Thank you. (√) 感謝你。 2) Thanks for + sth./doing sth. 為……而感謝你。例如: Thanks for your help.=Thanks for helping me. 感謝你的幫助。 3) the photo of your family=your family photo你的全家福照片 11. Here is my family photo. 這是我的全家福照片。 1)倒裝句式:副詞+謂語+主語(名詞)Here is your letter.這是你的信。介詞短語+謂語+主語(名詞) On the dresser is my photo. 介詞+主語(代詞)+謂語 Here you are. 給你。 2) Here is/ are... .常用於把某物遞給說話的對象 This is ... .也表示「這是……。」但通常用於介紹; 12. Please take these things to your brother. 請把這些東西帶給你弟弟。 take, bring, carry 和get的區別: 1)take 「帶走」,從近處帶到遠處,例如: Please take these books to your home after school.放學後把這些書帶回你的家。 bring 「帶來」,從遠處帶來,例如:Please bring me some books.請給我帶些書來。 2) get 「去拿來」,相當於go and bring,例如: Can I get my pen?我可以去把我的鋼筆拿來嗎? 3) carry 」搬動」, 無方向,Can you help me carry this case?能幫我搬這個箱子嗎? 13. I need my hat, my ID card, my notebook and my pencils. 我需要我的帽子,身份證,筆記本和鉛筆。 need v. 需要 1) need + sth./sb. 「需要…」 例如:She really needs these books. 她真的需要這些書。 2) need to do sth. 「需要做……」 例如:I need to listen to some relaxing music.我需要聽一些令人放鬆的音樂。 14. There are some books in the bookcase. 書櫃里有些書。 There be 句型 1)構成及意義There be + n. + 某處. 在某處有什麼。例如:There is an alarm clock on the dresser.梳妝台上有一個鬧鍾。 There are some keys in the drawer.抽屜里有一些鑰匙。 2) 否定式 例如:There isn』t a baseball on the floor.地上沒有一個棒球。 There aren』t any books in the bookcase. 書櫃里沒有一些書。 3) 疑問句及回答例如:Is there an alarm clock on the dresser?.梳妝台上有一個鬧鍾嗎?Yes ,there is.是的,有。No, there isn』t.不,沒有。 4)There be句型的就近原則:若有兩個或兩個以上的主語是,謂語常與靠近它的那個主語一致。例如:There is a book, two pens and some cups on the table. There are two pens, some cups and a book on the table. 5)變疑問句或否定句時,應將原句中的some改為any。

『叄』 總結七年級下冊英語每單元的知識點,重點句型,語法

Unit5.Topic 1

wake up. /wake sb up 醒來,叫醒某人

want to do sth 想做某事

get up early/late 早/ 遲起

by+交通工具 on foot

on weekdays /weekends 在周日/ 周末

at around /about six o』clock 大約在6點

have a (short) break 稍息一會兒

in the spare time 在業余時間

play basketball/soccer/ 打籃球/足球

play sports 做運動

play the piano彈鋼琴

go dancing去跳舞

sing songs 唱歌

play computer games 玩電腦游戲

watch TV 看電視

for a (little) while一會兒

read books 看書

clean the house 打掃房間

in the library 在圖書管

do one』s homework 做家庭作業

listen to music 聽音樂

write letters寫信

go roller skating 去滑旱冰

How often 多常

once a week/ twice a week/ three times a day

一星期一次/兩次,一天三次

Unit5 Topic 2

at the moment /minute =now此刻

talk with/to sb 與某人談話

wait a minute/moment 等一會兒

on the shelf在書架上

return =give sth back 歸還

on time 准時

on the playground 在操場上

anything else /nothing else/what else

什麼別的,沒有別的,別的什麼

between…and… 在…和…兩者之間

Here is/are… 這是…

love/like doing sth. 喜歡做某事。

Unit 5 Topic 3

have classes/lessons/have a class/ lesson

上課

be over=end=finish 結束

wait for sb/sth 等某人

have to =must 必須

think of /about 考慮

do /try one』s best 盡力

care about 擔心

learn from sb 向某人學習

with great interest 有濃厚興趣的

Thank sb for (doing) sth

因為某事而感謝某人

Best wishes 祝福你

Unit 6 Topic 1

on the second floor 在第二層

Why not do sth =why don』t you do sth?

為什麼不做某事?

go upstairs 上樓

have a look (at) 看一看

Come in, please 請進

so many nice books 這么多好看的書

plant flowers / trees 種花/樹

have a bath 洗澡

read books/newspapers 看書/報紙

in/on the wall 在牆上

play with 玩…, 和…玩

put sth away 把…放好

look after 照顧

in/on the tree 在樹上

in front of 在…前面(范圍外)

in the front of 在…前面(范圍內)

get a letter from sb 收到某人的來信

Unit 6 Topic 2

be like 像…

in an apartment building 在一個單元房裡

in the countryside 在農村

in the suburbs 在郊區

in the area 在這個地區

How about/What about (doing) sth …….怎麼樣?

would like to do sth = want to do sth 想要做某事

go back to 回去 go back home 回家

For Rent 出租(廣告) Wanted 求租(廣告)

per month/week/year 每個月/星期/年

call sb at +號碼 打某人……電話

think over=think about=think of 考慮

a single room 一間單人房間

a double-room house 一間雙人房

a 3-bedroom house一間3卧室的房間

rent sth from sb. 向某人租….. 求租…

rent sth to sb. 租給某人…... 出租…..

around here 這周圍

on the street corner 在街角處

There is something wrong with…….

……有什麼毛病?

get sb to do sth.=ask sb to do sth.= let sb do sth. 讓某人做某事.

right now 馬上,立刻.

a lot of 許多.

be close to / be near與…接近

be far from 離…很遠

keep money 存錢

take trains 乘火車

mail letters 寄信

see the doctor 看病

hear sb doing sth . 聽到某人正做某事.

try to do sth. 試著做某事.

such a station 這樣的一個車站

move from…to… 從…移到/搬到…

at the end of… 在…末梢

on the right 在右邊

The traffic is heavy. 交通擁擠

enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事

Unit 6 Topic 3

go /walk across =cross 穿過

on the corner of… 在…的拐彎處

(be) across from… 穿過…, 在…對面

on one』s /the way to

在(某人)去某地的路上

get to… 到達…get home /there/here

(be) far away from… 遠離…

need to do sth. 需要做某事

need do sth. 需要做某事

change to the No.1 bus.轉1路車。

a ticket for speeding(開車時)超速的罰單

thousands of 成千的,好幾千的

get hurt=be hurt受傷

in a road accident 在一次交通事故中

make the road safe 使交通安全

obey the traffic rules 遵守交通規則

keep on the right 保持向右行

be clear 安全的/清潔的

It is good to do sth 做某事很好

blind people 盲人

Unit7Topic 1

next / last Saturday 下星期六/ 上星期六

be fun/interesting 有趣

plan to do sth. 計劃做某事

want to do sth. 想要做某事

have a birthday party開一次生日晚會

Would you like sth.你想要……

Would you like to do sth. 你想要做某事

You bet./ Of course./ Sure./ Certainly.

當然啦

be born 出生

use sth for doing sth 用於作…

look up 查閱,查找

must be 一定是

Unit7Topic2

perform ballet 跳芭蕾舞

dance the disco跳迪斯科

take photos ( of…) 照相

sing songs for sb.為某人唱歌

take sth./sb. to sw 把某物帶到某處

take sth.with sb. 隨身帶上某物

work out 算出 work on 演算

fly a kite / fly kites 放風箏

one year ago 一年前 two years ago兩年前

play table tennis 打乒乓球

be good at (doing)sth 擅長做某事

have a good time 玩得很開心

Something is / was wrong with…

什麼有毛病

with the help of ….在……的幫助下

make model planes.製作模型飛機

Unit7Topic3

It』s one』s turn. 輪到某人了

What』s the matter?/What』s wrong?What』s up? 怎麼啦?

fall down 跌倒

happen to sb.發生在某人身上

go to a movie =see a film = go to the cinema

去看電影

lie to sb. 對某人說謊

tell a lie (to sb) 說謊 tell- told

talk about 談論 in fact 事實上

sit around… 圍坐在…

make the cards 做卡片

make a silent wish 默默許願

write a letter to sb. / write to sb.

寫信給某人

Unit 8 Topic 1

climb mountains = go climbing爬山

go hiking 踏青

make a snowman(snowmen) 做雪人

in spring / summer / fall / winter

在春/夏/秋/冬

like sth best 最喜歡

like sth better 更喜歡

nice and =very, quite 很,挺

all day 整天

be coming 就要來了

go on sth. 進行某事

go on a trip 進行旅行

go out 出去

take an umbrella 帶傘

wear sunglasses 帶太陽鏡

wear warm clothes 穿暖和的衣服

remember to do sth. 記住要去做某事

remember doing sth. 記住做過某事

(be) the same as 與……一樣

travel to sw. 旅遊到某地

wear an overcoat 穿一件大衣

come back to life 復甦, 復活

get warm 變暖和

a hopeful season. 一個充滿生機的季節。

A harvest season. 一個豐收的季節.

come after 來自……之後

be busy doing sth.忙於做….

last from…to…持續從……到

last for 持續

Unit 8 Topic2

travel around 周遊

take pictures/photos of… 拍……的照片

hope to do sth. / hope (that)+句子

希望做某事

next month 下個月

places of interest 名勝

each of us 我們中的每一個人

tell sb sth.about告訴某人關於……某事

take off 拖掉,起飛

point to 指點

touch a child on the head 摸小孩的頭

do some touring 觀光

do some shopping/cleaning

買東西/做衛生

need to do sth.需做某事

give sth. to sb. /give sb.sth. 給某人某物

pass sth.to sb. /pass sb. sth. 遞某物給某人

be friendly to sb 對某人友好

be different from 與……不同

Unit 8 Topic3

make mpings 做餃子

each other 相互,互相

have families get together.舉行家庭聚會

on this day 在這一天 good luck 好運

stay up 熬夜 send sth. to sb. 送某人某物

play tricks on sb.= trick on sb 開某人玩笑

pick up摘,撿起 knock at/ on 敲

on the night of 在……夜晚

go touring / shopping 去旅行/ 購物

enjoy a seven-day holiday享受7天的假期

hold dragon boat races舉行龍舟賽

the capital of ……的首都,…….的省會

go up 升起

Best wishes to sb.! 致某人最好的祝願

on the eve of 在……前夕

at midnight 在午夜

put up 掛

with

最令某人高興的是 To one』s joy

取得很大的進步

在戶外in the open air

與某人聊天 chat with

互相 each other =with one another

與某人相聚 have a get-together with

很快,馬上 (at)any minute now

及時 in time

『肆』 七年級英語語法大全

一、a number of ,the number of
a number of 意思是「許多」,相當於a lot of ; the number of意思是「……的數目,……的數量」,當它作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。
A number of students like playing computer games.
許多學生喜歡玩電腦游戲。
The number of the students is about 1500 in our school.
我們學校學生的人數大約是1500。
二、基數詞變序數詞助記歌
基變序,有規律,末尾加上th;一、二、三特殊記,八加h ,九去e ,ve要用f替;以e結尾變ie,後跟th莫忘記。要想表示幾十幾,只變個位就可以。
特殊變化:one—first ,two—second ,three—third ,five—fifth ,
nine—ninth ,twelve—twelfth ,forty—fortieth ,
eight-nine—eighty-ninth
三、概數(略數)表達法
數詞+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名詞復數
hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of+名詞復數
例1
1. __people go swimming in summer in Dalian.
A、Thousands B、Thousand of C、Thousands of D、Thousand
2. __the students will take part in this English speech contest.
A. Two hundred of B. Two hundreds of C. Hundreds of D. Hundred of
四、of sb.與for sb.的區別
(1)of sb.「對於(某人)」,用於It is +adj. +of sb. to do sth.句型中,形容詞為clever, kind, nice等描述人物性格特徵的詞,of後的人物與形容詞有主表關系。
(2)for sb.「對於(某人)」,用於It is +adj. +for sb. to do sth.句型中, 形容詞為easy, important等不描述人物性格特徵的詞,for後的人物與形容詞沒有主表關系。
五、不能同時出現在一個句子中的連詞
1、because(因為),so(所以)不能同時出現在一個句子里,只能用其一。
Because he was tired, he couldn』t walk there.
=He was tired ,so he couldn』t walk there.
因為他累了,所以他不能走到那兒了。
2、(al)thouthg(雖然),but (但是)不能同時出現在一個句子里,只能用其一。但thouthg和yet可以同時出現在一個句子里(yet用作副詞)
Thought he was tired, he still worked hard.
=He was tired, but he still worked hard.
雖然他很累,但他仍然努力工作。
六、副詞的比較級
1、形容詞與副詞的區別 (有be用形,有形用be;有動用副,有副用動)
⑴在句子中形容詞一般處於名詞之前或be動詞之後
⑵副詞在句子中最常見的是處於實義動詞之後
2、副詞比較級的變化規則基本與形容詞比較級相同 (不規則變化:well-better, far-farther)
七、形容詞的比較級
1、形容詞比較級在句子中的運用:兩個事物或人的比較用比較級,比較級後面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more, a little 來修飾表示程度。than後的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格)。
2、形容詞加er的規則:
⑴一般在詞尾加er ;
⑵以字母e 結尾,加r ;
⑶以一個母音字母和一個輔音字母結尾,應雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加er ;
⑷以「輔音字母+y」結尾,先把y變i,再加er 。
3、不規則形容詞比較級:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
八、There be 句型與have, has的區別
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主語是單數,be 動詞用is ; 主語是復數,be 動詞用are ; 如有幾件物品,be 動詞根據最靠近be 動詞的那個名詞決定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 動詞後加not , 一般疑問句把be 動詞調到句首。
4、there be句型與have(has) 的區別:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的運用:some 用於肯定句, any 用於否定句或疑問句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的運用:and 用於肯定句, or 用於否定句或疑問句。
7、針對數量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結構是:
How many + 名詞復數 + are there + 介詞短語?
How much + 不可數名詞 + is there + 介詞短語?
8、針對主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結構是:
What』s + 介詞短語?
九、一般過去時
1、一般過去時表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態,常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經常或反復發生的動作感謝。
2、Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化:
⑴am 和is在一般過去時中變為was。(was not=wasn』t)
⑵are在一般過去時中變為were。(were not=weren』t)
⑶帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣,即否定句在was或were後加not,一般疑問句把was或were調到句首。
3、句中沒有be動詞的一般過去時的句子
否定句:didn』t +動詞原形,如:Jim didn』t go home yesterday.
一般疑問句:在句首加did,句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。
如:Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑問句:⑴疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形?
如: What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑問詞當主語時:疑問詞+動詞過去式?
如:Who went to home yesterday?
十、動詞過去式變化規則
1、一般在動詞末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2、結尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3、末尾只有一個母音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節,應雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4、以「輔音字母+y」結尾的,變y為i, 再加-ed,如:study-studie
小升初英語的特點是知識點零碎,因此同學們一定要加強日常的學習積累,只有這樣才能確保取得較高的英語成績。

『伍』 義務教育課程標准實驗教科書七年級上英語語法、句型和短語歸納

Period One(七年級上Units 1-12)

一、大綱要求

詞彙

單詞
what, name, your, this, pen, that, how, thank, parent, brother, these, those, where, take, under, on, in, have, play, basketball, many, interesting, let, like, tomato, shoes, help, months of the year, guitar, shower, usually, favorite, days of the week

短語
do homework, go to bed, thanks for, get to

句型

重點句型
What』s…name? Where』s…? Do you like…? Can you…? Do you have…?
When do you…?

交際用語
Hello! Hi! Nice to meet you!

二、重點解析
單詞:
1. have
have是英語中一個非常重要的動詞,它在不同的片語中,具有不同的含義,現將其用法簡要歸納如下:
(1) 作「有」講時,強調「所屬關系」,表示「擁有」的意思。其主語常為人或物。eg:
My father has a new computer. 我爸爸有一台新電腦。
I have many story books. 我有許多故事書。
(2) 「have + 表示一日三餐的名詞」,意為「吃、用餐」。 eg:
I have breakfast at seven every morning. 我每天早上七點鍾吃早飯。
(3) 「have + 表示食品、飲料等名詞」,意為「吃、喝」。eg:
I have some bread for breakfast every day. 我每天早餐吃些麵包。
Please have a cup of tea. 請喝杯茶。
(4) 「have + 表示動作的名詞」,沒有固定的意思,常與表示動作的動詞同義。eg:
have a rest 休息一下 have a swim 游泳 have a look(at…)(朝……)看一眼
have a drink (of …) 喝一點(……)
(5) 「have + 表示某種活動的名詞」, 意為「進行、舉行」。eg:
have a class 上課 have a birthday party 舉行生日聚會
2. start
start 動詞,意思是「開始,出發」,可用於start to do sth. 和start doing sth.結構中。eg:
School starts at eight o'clock. 8點鍾開始上課。
I start to watch TV. 我開始看電視。
They start singing. 他們開始唱歌。
3. usually
usually, sometimes, always, often 等詞在英語中被稱為「頻度副詞」,是用來表示動作或狀態的
頻率。使用時位置如下:
(1)放在be動詞之後。eg:
He is often late for school. 他上學經常遲到。
(2)放在行為動詞之前。eg:
She always does her work well. 她總是把工作做得很好。
(3)放在情態動詞或助動詞之後。eg:
What time do you usually get up?
(4)sometimes 的位置較靈活,可放在句首,也可放在句中,有時還可放在句尾。eg:
Sometimes he goes to school on foot. 有時他步行去上學。
I sometimes go to see my uncle on Saturday. 我有時在星期六去看我的叔叔。
詞語辨析:
1. each &every
each 代詞,意為「每個」,可作主語、賓語、同位語和定語,強調個體。而every 是形容詞,意思為「每,每個」,只能作定語,強調全體或全部。eg:
Each of the girls has a banana. 每個女孩都有一個香蕉。(此句不能用every替換each)
Give the boys two apples each. 給每個男孩兩個蘋果。(此句不能用every替換each)
Each boy has a sweater. 每個男孩都有一件毛衣。
Every boy has a T-shirt. 每個男孩都有一件T恤衫。
2. look ( look at)& see
兩者漢語中的意思相近,都有「看」的意思。但英語中兩詞的用法截然不同。look表示「看」的過程,並不表明「看到」。而且look是不及物動詞,如果表示「看某物(人)」,look後要加介詞at;而see指「看到」,表示「結果」。eg:
Look at the blackboard! 看黑板!(look只表示「看」,並不一定「看到」)
What can you see on the blackboard? 你在黑板上能看到什麼?
(see表示「看到」,即 「看的結果」)
3. too, also& either
三者都表示「也」,但在使用的時候too 和also一般用於肯定的陳述句和疑問句中,其中too放在句末,前面多用逗號隔開;also放在be動詞、助動詞或情態動詞之後,實義動詞之前。either 一般放在否定句的句末。 eg:
I like comedies, too.=I also like comedies. 我也喜歡喜劇。
Ann doesn't like thrillers and I don't like them either. 安不喜歡恐怖片,我也不喜歡。
句型:
1. —What』s your name? 你叫什麼名字?
—My name is Jenny. 我叫詹妮。
(1) 詢問別人姓名,更委婉禮貌的說法有:My I know your name? Can I have your name?
Will you please tell me your name?
回答姓名可直接說:I』m Jenny.
(2) 動詞be變化表
原形

現在式過去式
過去分詞

現在分詞

be

am/is→was
are→were
been

being

2. What』s this in English? 這個用英語怎麼說?
其他幾種不同的表達方式:What』s this called in English? What』s the English for this?
Can you say it in English?
[注]in 在該句中為介詞,表示「用……方式」。
3. It』s under the bed. 它在床下面。
under prep. 在……之上
(1)under 表示在某物垂直的正下方,兩者之間不接觸。 eg:
The cat is under the table. 貓在床子底下。
(2)on 表示在某物的上面,但兩者可互相接觸。 eg:
The book is on the desk. 書在桌子上。
(3)in 表示「在……內部,在……裡面」。eg:
They are in the office. 他們在辦公室里。
(4)near 表示在某物的附近,意為「接近,靠近」 eg:
My house is near a bookstore. 我家在一個書店附近。
(5)behind 表示在某物體的後面。 eg:
Li Ming is behind me. 李明在我後面。
4. Do you like hamburgers? 你喜歡漢堡包嗎?
(1) like v. 喜歡
① like sb./sth. eg:
I like the book. 我喜歡這本書。
② like to do sth. 表示目前一時愛好做某事。 eg:
I like to play volleyball. 我想去玩排球。
③ like doing sth. 表示習慣上喜歡做某事。 eg:
I like dancing. 我喜歡跳舞。
(2) like 作介詞,表示「像」,與look 或be 連用。 eg:
He looks like his father. 他長得像他爸爸。
She is like an English girl. 她像個英國女孩。
Do it like this. 照這樣做。
5. OK, I』ll take it. 好吧,那我把他帶走了。
take v. 拿,取
(1) It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干某事花費某人多少時間 eg:
It took him an hour to get there. 他花了一個小時才到那兒。
(2) take out 帶出(人),邀請,取出(物) eg:
I』m taking the children out to the movies tonight. 今晚我帶孩子們去看電影。
(3) take + a + 名詞= have + a + 名詞 eg: take a bath / rest / shower /walk
(4) 固定短語: take part in 參加 take place 發生 take care of 照顧
[注] ① take 當 「拿走,帶到」講時,指把東西帶到別的地方,即把東西從近處帶到遠處。eg: Take the books to the classroom. 把這些書拿到教室里去。
② bring也是「拿」的意思,指把東西從別的地方帶到說話人所在地或者他指定的地點
即把東西從遠處帶到近處,意為「拿來」「帶來」「取來」。eg:
Please bring some books to my home. 請把這些書帶到我家來。
6. Can you dance? 你會跳舞嗎?
Can 為情態動詞,意思是「能,會,可以」。
(1) 情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化,即無論主語是第一人稱、第二人稱還是第三人稱,無論是單數還是復數,情態動詞都沒有變化。
(2) 情態動詞後面要跟動詞原形。eg:
He can speak French. 他會說法語。
(3) 帶情態動詞的句子變為疑問句時,將情態動詞提前;變否定句時,在情態動詞後加not.
eg: We can see an eraser in the pencil box.
→ Can you see an eraser in the pencil box?
→ We can』t see an eraser in the pencil box.
7. Can you help kids with swimming? 你能幫助小孩游泳嗎?
(1)help 可作動詞,指「幫助,援助」,常指積極地給予實際的精神的或物質的幫助,幫助的人值得信賴。eg:
He helped me to find the train station. 他幫我找到了火車站。
常用的句式有:
① help sb. with sth. 在某一方面幫助某人。eg:
The teacher helps him with his English. 老師幫助他學習英語。
② help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事。eg:
I often help my mother (to) do housework. 我常常幫媽媽做家務。
(2) 動詞help 還可作 「吃(會餐用語)講。eg:
Please help yourself to the fruit. 請隨意吃水果吧。
(3) can』t help doing sth. 表示「禁不住做某事」;can』t help sb. to do sth. 表示「不能幫助某人做某事」。 eg:
I can』t help myself crying. 我情不自禁地哭起來。
I can』t help him to say sorry. 我不能代替他道歉。
(4) help 可用作名詞,指「幫助,救濟」。 eg:
I need some help. 我需要一些幫助。
8. I can play the guitar. 我會玩吉他。
(1) play 的賓語為樂器時,意為「演奏「,樂器名詞前要加定冠詞the. eg:
play the violin (the piano) 拉小提琴(彈鋼琴)
(2) play 後面可接表示球類的名詞,意為 「打球」或 「踢球」,球類名詞前不加任何冠詞或其他
限定詞,該名詞也不用復數形式。eg:
play basketball 打籃球,不能說 play the / a football 或play footballs.
(3) play with 的賓語常為玩的東西。eg:
play with toys (snow; fire …) 玩玩具(雪,火等)
(4) play 還可作名詞,意為「劇」。 eg: TV play 電視劇。
9. — Can you draw? 你會畫畫嗎?
— Yes, a little. 是的,會一點。
(1) a little「一點,稍微」,為程度副詞,作狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。eg:
I like her a little. 我有點喜歡她。(修飾動詞)
The T-shirt is a little big. 這件T恤衫有點大。(修飾形容詞)
(2) a little後加名詞,意思是「一些,少許」,表示肯定概念,作定語,修飾不可數名詞。 eg:
I can speak a little English. 我會說一點英語。
(3) little後加名詞,意思是「幾乎沒有,很少的」,表示否定概念。eg:
I can speak little Japanese. 我幾乎不會說日語。
10. — What time do you usually get up, Rick? 雷克,你經常幾點起床?
— I usually get up at five o'clock. 我經常五點起床。
若詢問「某人什麼時間做某事」,可用「What time do /does+主語+動詞原形+……」句型。其中what time是用來對具體時間提問的,可以用when替換。若問時間,一般說「What's the time?」,也可以說「What time is it?」,回答說「It's...」,不能說「The time is...」。eg:
— What time does he usually go to bed? 他通常什麼時間睡覺?
— He usually goes to bed at about eleven. 他通常大約11點睡覺。
— What's the time? 幾點了?
— It's 11 o'clock. 11點。
[注]what time 與when 都可以表示「什麼時候」。前者所表示的時間比較精確,指「幾點鍾」、「幾時幾分」;後者表示的時間范圍較廣,有時也可以指「幾點鍾」、「幾時幾分」,用來代替 what time。
語法:
1. 可數名詞&不可數名詞
不可數名詞通常指不能以數目來計算的東西。它一般沒有復數形式。前面不能用many, several, a few 等詞修飾,但可用some, much, a lot of, a little, any 等詞修飾。eg:
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有點兒水。
可數名詞是指能以數目來計算,可以分成個的人或東西。因此它有復數形式,
其構成規則如下:
情況
構成方法
讀音
例詞

一般情況

加-s

清輔音後讀[s],濁輔音和母音後讀[z]
dog-dogs, teacher-teachers

以s, x, ch, sh結尾
加-es

-es讀[iz]
bus-buses, box-boxes,
brush-brushes, watch-watches

以ce, se, ze, ge結尾的詞
加-s

讀[iz]

orange-oranges house-houses

以輔音字母+y結尾的詞
變y為i加-es
-es讀[z]
city-cities, baby-babies,
factory-factories

以母音字母+y結尾的詞
加-s

讀[z]
boy-boys, toy-toys,
key-keys monkey-monkeys

以f或fe結尾的詞
變f或fe為v,再加-es
-ves讀[vz]
leaf-leaves, knife-knives,
shelf-shelves, thief-thieves

以輔音字母+o結尾的詞

加-es

-es讀[z]

tomato-tomatoes,
potato-potatoes

加-s

-s讀[z]

photo-photos, zoo-zoos
radio-radios kilo-kilos

[注]① 以th 結尾的名詞變為復數時,mouth-mouths month-months
② 單復數同形的名詞 sheep-sheep 綿羊 deer-deer 鹿 Chinese-Chinese 中國人
fish-fish 魚
(2) 不可數名詞不能直接用a (an)或數詞來修飾。若要表示它的個體意義時,必須與一個表示量的短語連用。eg:
a piece of news 一條新聞 a cake of soap 一塊肥皂
a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水
(3) 如果用代詞代替不可數名詞,不能用one 來代替。
試比較:
He would like pears. Please give one to him. 他想要吃梨。請給他一個。
(句中的pears 是可數名詞復數形式,可用one 代替其單數。)
He would like bread. Please give some to him. 他想吃麵包,請遞給他一塊。
(句中的some 不能用one 來代替。)
2. 冠詞的用法
冠詞位於名詞之前,用來說明所指的人或物。冠詞分為不定冠詞和定冠詞。
(1) 不定冠詞a, an
a 和an 是不定冠詞的兩種形式。a 用在以輔音(指發音不指字母)開頭的詞前,而 「an」 用在以母音(指發音不指字母)開頭的詞前。eg: a banana, an apple
① a 和an 表示數量「一」。
② 泛指人或事物的類別。 eg.
A horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動物。
③ 第一次提到某人或某物。 eg.
There is a new desk in my room. 我房間里有一張新書桌。
④ 用於某些固定短語中。 eg. a few, a little, a lot of.
(2) 定冠詞the.
the 是定冠詞,它常用於:
① 特指某一個(些)人或事物。 eg.
The book on the desk is Lily』s. 書桌上的那本書是莉莉的。
②談話雙方都知道的人或事物。 eg.
—Where is the kite? 風箏在哪兒?
—It』s on the wall. 在牆上。
③第二次提到的人或物。 eg.
There is a table in the room. On the table there is a map. 房間里有張桌子。桌子上有張地圖。
④序數詞,最高級的形容詞前面。 eg.
Jack is the tallest boy in our class. 傑克是我們班上最高的男孩。
⑤用於某些專有名詞之前。 eg.
The United States. 美國
⑥世界上獨一無二的事物的名詞前面。 eg.
The sun is bigger than the earth. 太陽比地球大。
⑦用在一些習慣用語中。 eg. in the afternoon. 在下午 on the left 在左邊
3. 名詞所有格
名詞所有格表示名詞與其後面的名詞之間的所有或隸屬關系,其功能如同物主代詞,意為「某
人的……」或「某物的……」。
英語中的名詞所有格有兩種形式: 「名詞+』s」所有格和of 所有格。
(1)「名詞+』s」所有格
① 單數名詞後直接加』s;若單數名詞以s結尾,只需要加』。eg:
Jim』s coat 吉姆的外套 Jones』 mother 瓊斯的媽媽
② 以s結尾的復數名詞,只加' 。 eg:
Teachers』 Day 教師節 the twins』 books 雙胞胎的書
③ 不以s 結尾的不規則的名詞復數,加』s。 eg:
Children』s Day 兒童節 men』s shoes 男式鞋
④ 表示兩者共同擁有時,只在最後一個名詞後加』s;表示兩者各自擁有時,要在每個名詞後加』s。
注意比較:
Lucy and Lily』s mother 露茜和莉莉的媽媽
Lucy』s and Kate』s rooms 露茜和凱特各自的房間
(2) of 所有格:動物和無生命名詞的所有格一般使用介詞of 短語來表示。eg:
the name of her cat 她的貓的名字 a picture of our school 一張我們學校的圖片
有時有生命的東西也用of 所有格,可與「名詞+』s」所有格互換。 eg:
the name of the boy =the boy』s name 這個男孩的名字
額外收獲:
① 表示時間、距離、國家、城市等無生命的名詞也可以使用「名詞+』s」所有格。eg:
a few years』 time 幾年時間 today』s newspaper 今天的報紙
② 有些名詞的所有格表示住所、診所、商店時,常去掉後面被修飾的詞。 eg:
to my uncle』s 到我叔叔家
三、鞏固練習
1. Han Lei, Jim and I in No.22 Middle School.
A. all are B. am all C. are all D. all (2003. 東北師大附中)
2. Some are flying kites near the river.
A. child B. boy C. children D. childs (2003. 天津)
3. If you don』t mind, pass me apple, please.
A. a B. an C. the D. / (2003. 青島)
4. The students are listening their teacher very carefully.
A. to B. on C. for D. at (2003. 天津)
5. Ted, the radio is too loud. Please .
A. turn it over B. turn it on C. turn it back D. turn it down (2003. 南京)
6. — does a car cost in China?
—It can cost as little as 50,000 yuan and as much as 300,000 yuan
A. How many B. How price C. How money D. How much (2003. 黃岡)
7. An apple a day is good your health.
A. at B. for C. in D. with (2003. 煙台)
8. —Did you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou?
—Yes, I had wonderful time.
A. a B. an C. the D. / (2003. 杭州)
9. —Who taught English last term? Was _____Mr Smith?
—No, Miss White did.
A. you, it B. you, he C. your, it D. your, that (2003. 山東)
10. Jim』s dog looks a fox. He _____it very much.
A. like, likes B. like, like B. likes, like D. likes, likes (2003. 寧夏)
11. China lies the east of Asia and ____ the north of Australia.
A. to, to B. in, to C. to, in D. in, on (2003. 天津)
12. I』ll tell you news about the sports meeting.
A. many B. some C. a few (2003. 四川)
13. The old woman kept one black dog and two white .
A. one B. ones C. those D. one』s
14. There』ll be evening party in the garden next Friday.
A. a B. the C. / D. an
15. John』s uncle has many friends. Mr Shute is a friend of .
A. John』s uncle B. John uncle』s C. John』s uncle』s D. John uncle
16. Lucy has to do today.
A. many homeworks B. a homework C. much homework D. a piece homework
17. In time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too.
A. few years B. a few years』 C. a few year D. a few year』s
18. The color of my trousers different from_____ of yours.
A. is, one B. is, that C. are, it D. are, this
19. There are a lot of down there but hardly any_____.
A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people C. sheeps, persons D. sheep, peoples
20. 用can / may / must / need 填空。
① He ride a bike now.
② the news be true?
③ I watch TV after supper?
④ May I take the dictionary away? No,, you /Yes, you .
⑤ You come earlier tomorrow.
⑥ Must I clean all the rooms? No, you .
⑦ Need I go? Yes, you . / No, you .
⑧ You have a rest.

『陸』 初中一年級全冊英語重點語法和句式

初中英語語法歸納知識點
1.主語:
差不多所有的詞語都可以做主語,主語一般在版句子的開端。權
(特別)形式主語:
例句分析:To teach him is my job=It's my job to teach him.
這樣主語就是to teach him,it為形式主語,代替to teach him.

2.謂語:
規則:1.助動詞和動詞一起構成謂語;
2.情態動詞和動詞一起構成謂語;
3.連系動詞和表語一起構成謂語。
注意:(這里的動詞都是實義動詞,表語是跟在連系動詞後面的詞。)
常見的連系動詞有:be動詞,sound,taste,become,turn,grow,keep......

3.狀語:
表示 目的,地點,方式,程度,時間等的詞叫做這個句子中的狀語。
例句:(In order) to teach him ,I must work hard.
這里不定式做句子的目的狀語。
He did it very carefully.
carefully 作句子的程度狀語。

4.句型注意事項:
1.如果句子中謂語是及物動詞,後面就是賓語
2.如果句子中的謂語是不及物動詞,後面的就是句子的狀語

『柒』 初一(下)英語語法,短語,句型總結

七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1)
分類:英語學習
Unit 1 Where』s your pen pal from?
一.短語:
1 .be from = come from 來自於----
2. live in 居住在---
3. on weekends 在周末
4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 給某人寫信;寫信給某人
5 .in the world 在世界上 in China 在中國
6.pen pal 筆友 14 years old 14歲 favorite subject 最喜歡的科目
7.the United States 美國 the United Kingdom 英國 New York 紐約
8.speak English 講英語 like and dislike 愛憎
9.go to the movies 去看電影 play sports 做運動
二.重點句式:
1 Where』s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三.本單元的國家,人民、語言對應。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish

Unit 2 Where』s the post office?
一. Asking ways: (問路)
1. Where is (the nearest) ……? (最近的)……在哪裡?
2. Can you tell me the way to ……? 你能告訴我去……的路嗎?
3. How can I get to ……? 我怎樣到達……呢?
4. Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……嗎?
5. Which is the way to ……? 哪條是去……的路?
二.Showing the ways: (指路)
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿著這條街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二個路口向左轉。
3. You will find it on your right. 你會在你右手邊發現它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 離這里大約一百米遠。
5. You』d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交車去。(You』d better+動詞原形)
三.片語
1. across from …… 在……的對面 across from the bank 在銀行的對面
2. next to…… 緊靠…… next to the supermarket 緊靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之間
between the park and the zoo 在公園和動物園之間
among 表示位於三者或三者以上之間
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
課室前面有棵樹。
in the front of…… 在……(內)的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
課室內的前部有張桌子。
5. behind…… 在……後面 behind my house 在我家後面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右邊 on the left of our school 在我們學校的左邊
on one』s left/right 在某人的左/右邊 on my left 在我左邊
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿著……(街道) down/along Center Street 沿著中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 歡迎來到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的開始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的開始,前端
in the beginning 起初,一開始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得開心,過得愉快
我昨天玩得很開心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐計程車
16. 到達:get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到這/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17.go across 從物體表面橫過 go across the street 橫過馬路
go through 從空間穿過 go through the forest 穿過樹林
18.on + 街道的名稱。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具體門牌號+街道的名稱 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三.重難點解析
1.enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的樂趣,喜愛做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜愛讀書。
到目前為止,我們學了兩個特殊的動詞finish和enjoy,都是要帶 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我掃完了這間屋子。
2.hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通過這次考試。
hope +從句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天將會晴朗。
(從句即是一個小句子,這個小句子又放在大句子中,從屬於大句子,所以叫從句。如tomorrow will be fine是一個從句,它又放在I hope 的後面,形成句中有句。)
3. if 引導一個表示假設的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有許多錢,我就會去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你餓了的話,你可以在超市買一些食物。
四.本單元的反義詞、近義詞配對
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small

Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一.重點片語
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day ring the day
二. 交際用語
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they』re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they』re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because they』re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She』s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8.He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9.He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10.Let』s see the pandas first.
11.They』re kind of interesting.
12.What other animals do you like?
13.Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重點難點釋義
1、kind of 有點,稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有點害羞。
kind 還有「種類」的意思
如:各種各樣的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中國 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是專有名詞,首字母都應該大寫,而且和介詞in連用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的,和藹可親的
它是名詞friend的形容詞形式,常常和be動詞連用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟,同,和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意區別與and的用法,and通常用於連接主語或賓語,連接主語時,
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之後,如:
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with 「和…一起玩耍」「玩…」
I often play with my pet dog.
Don』t play with water!
5、day和night 是一對反義詞,day 表示白天或一天,night表示夜或夜晚。
通常說in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 葉子
復數形式為:leaves, 類似的變化還有:wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小時;點鍾
hour前邊通常加上冠詞an 表示「一個小時」, 即:an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 來自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. (食用的)肉,為不可數名詞,表示「許多」時,使用much來修
飾,即:much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草,為不可數名詞,表示「許多」時,使用much來修飾,即:much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 語法知識
特殊疑問句通常以「what」、「who」、「which」、「when」、「where」、「how」、「how old」、「how many」等開頭,對某一具體問題進行提問。
特殊疑問句的基本構成有兩種情況:
1. 疑問句+一般疑問句結構。這是最常見的情況。例如:
What』s your grandfather』s telephone number? 你爺爺的電話號碼是多少?
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那個大眼睛的男孩是誰?
Which season do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個季節?
When is he going to play the piano? 他什麼時候彈鋼琴?
Where does he live? 他住在哪兒?
How are you? 你好嗎?
How old are you? 你多大了?
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有幾個兄弟姐妹?
2. 疑問句+陳述句結構。這時疑問詞作主語或修飾主語。例如:
Who is on ty today?
今天誰值日?
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老師?
我們學過的What/How about+名詞/代詞+其他?也是特殊疑問句,它是一種省略結構。
例如:
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜歡英語。你呢?
What about playing basketball? 打籃球怎麼樣?

Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一.短語:
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 給某人某物 / 把某物給某人
3 help sb do sth 幫助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 幫助某人謀事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----談話
8 be busy doing sth 忙於做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在醫院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚報
二.重點句式及注意事項:
1 詢問職業的特殊疑問詞是what;有三種主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名詞所有格/ 形容詞性物主代詞 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I』m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
三. 本單元中的名詞復數。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves

『捌』 初一英語語法重點和句型以及練習題!!急急急!!

初一英語語法總結
一、 詞法 1、名詞A)、名詞的數
我們知道名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞,而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式,但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分,復數的構成如下:
一)在後面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o結尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五)以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)單復數相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有復數,沒有單數的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數也可以是復數的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學, family家,家庭成員
九)合成的復數一般只加主要名詞,多數為後一個單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數則同時為復數。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的單復數意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
十一) 單個字母的復數可以有兩種形式直接加s或』s。如:Is (I』s), Ks (K』s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名詞的格
當我們要表示某人的什麼東西或人時,我們就要使用所有格形式。構成如下:
一)單數在後面加』s。如:brother』s, Mike』s, teacher』s
二)復數以s結尾的直接在s後加』,如果不是以s結尾的與單數一樣處理。如:Teachers』 Day教師節, classmates』; Children』s Day六一節, Women』s Day三八節
三)由and並列的名詞所有時,如果是共同所有同一人或物時,只加最後一個』s,但分別擁有時卻分別按單數形式處理。如:Mike and Ben』s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike』s and Ben』s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)
2、代詞 項目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱 單數 I me my mine myself
復數 we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱 單數 you you your yours yourself
復數 you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱 單數 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself it it its its this that itself
復數 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、動詞 A) 第三人稱單數
當動詞是第三人稱單數時,動詞應該像名詞的單數變動詞那樣加s,如下:
一)一般在詞後加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o結尾加es。如:does, goes 五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has

B) 現在分詞
當我們說某人正在做什麼事時,動詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構成如下:
一)一般在後加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不發音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重讀閉音節結尾且一個母音字母+一個輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最後的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie結尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位於

4、形容詞的級
我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時,則要使用比較或最高級形式。構成如下:
一) 一般在詞後加er或est(如果是以e結尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二)以重讀閉音節結尾且1個母音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結尾的雙寫結尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三) 以輔音字母+y結尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、數詞 (基變序,有規則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它後接th;y結尾,變為i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、句式
1.陳述句 肯定陳述句
a) This is a book. (be動詞)
b) He looks very young. (連系動詞)
c) I want a sweat like this. (實義動詞)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情態動詞)
e) There』s a computer on my desk. (There be結構)
否定陳述句
a) These aren』t their books. b) They don』t look nice. c) Kate doesn』t go to No. 4 Middle School.
d) Kate can』t find her doll. e) There isn』t a cat here. (=There』s no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let』s learn English! c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句a) Don』t be late. b) Don』t hurry.
3. 疑問句
1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?
肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.
否定回答: a) No, he isn』t. b) No, you can』t. c) No, she doesn』t. d) No, they don』t. e) No, she isn』t.
2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It』s big./ It』s small.
3) 特殊疑問句
① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is [email protected].
⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 問時間 What』s the time? (=What time is it?) It』s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o』clock.
When do you want to go? Let』s go at 7:00.
⑦ 問地方 Where』s my backpack? It』s under the table.
⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue. What』s your favourite color? It』s black.
⑨ 問人物 Who』s that? It』s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn』t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 問東西 What』s this/that (in English)? It』s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11問姓名 What』s your aunt』s name? Her name is Helen./She』s Helen.
What』s your first name? My first name』s Ben.
What』s your family name? My family name』s Smith.
12 問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 問字母 What letter is it? It』s big D/small f.
14 問價格 How much are these pants? They』re 15 dollars.
15 問電話號碼 What』s your phone number? It』s 576-8349.
16 問謂語(動作) What』s he doing? He』s watching TV.
17 問職業(身份) What do you do? I』m a teacher.
What』s your father? He』s a doctor.

三、時態
1、一般現在時
表示普遍、經常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現在時,它有:
Be 動詞:She』s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn』t a worker.
情態動詞:I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can』t play the piano.
行為動詞:They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don』t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn』t have a watch.
2、現在進行時
表示動詞在此時正在發生或進行就使用進行時態,結構為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I』m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I』m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn』t writing a letter.

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