❶ 英語中的虛擬語氣語法
虛擬語氣
一、考點聚焦
1、虛擬語氣用於條件狀語從句中
(1)表示與現在事實相反的假設,條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞用「過去式(be動詞的過去式用were)」,而主句中的謂語動詞用「would / should/ could / might + 動詞原形」。如:
If I were a boy, I would join the army.
If the had time, she should go with you.
(2)表示與過去的事實相反,條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞用過去完成時,主句中的謂語動詞則用「would / should / might / could + have +過去分詞」。如:
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.
(3)表示與將來事實相反,條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞一般過去時或should(were to) + 動詞原形,而主句中的謂語動詞則用would / should/
could might + 動詞原形。如;
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
(4)當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發生的時間不一致時,動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間作相應調整。如:
If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(從句說的是過去,主句指的是現在)
以下表格是虛擬語氣用於條件狀語從句中時,主句和從句謂語動詞的形式:
條件狀語從句 主 句
與過去事實相反 had + 過去分詞 should /would/could/might + have + 過去分詞
與現在事實相反 一般過去時(be用were) would/should/could/might + 動詞原形
與將來事實相反 一般過去時或should(were to) + 動詞原形 Would/should/cold/might + 動詞原形
有時侯在使用時可省略if,句子則可換成下列形式,即「were / had / should +主語」。如:
Were I a boy, I would join the army.
Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.
Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.
2、虛擬語氣用於名詞性從句
(1)虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運用。
①「wish + 賓語從句」表示不能實現的願望,譯為「要是……就好了」等。表示現在不能實現的願望,從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時;表示將來不能實現的願望,從句中的謂語動詞用「would/could + 動詞原形」;表示過去不能實現的願望,從句中的謂語動詞用「had + 過去分詞」或「could(should) + have + 過去分詞」。如:
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish I had known the answer.
I wish I could fly like a bird.
②在表示建議、要求、命令等的動詞suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等後的賓語從句中,謂語動詞用should + 動詞原形或是動詞原形。如:
She suggested we (should)leave here at once.
The doctor ordered she should be operated.
(2)虛擬語氣在同位語從句和表語從句中的運用。
作表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表語從句和同位語從句,從句中的謂語動詞用「(should) + 動詞原形」。如:
His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.
My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.
(3)虛擬語氣在主語從句中的運用。
在主語從句中,謂語動詞的虛擬語氣用「should + 動詞原形」的結構,表示驚奇、不相信、理應如此等。如:
It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.
It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.
It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
注意:這種從句表示的是事實。如果說人對這種事實表現出驚奇的情感,就可用虛擬語氣。反之,如果不表示驚奇等情感,that從句也可用陳述句語氣。如:
It is pity that you can』t swim.
3、虛擬語氣在其他場合的運用
(1)虛擬語氣在as if/as though、even if/even though等引導的表語從句或狀語從句中,如果從句表示的動作發生在過去,用過去完成時;指現在狀況,則用一般過去時;指將來狀況則用過去將來時。如:
He did it as if he were an expert.
Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.
(2)虛擬語氣用於定語從句中。
這種從句常用於句型「It is (high)time (that) … 」中,定語從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時(be用were)或should + 動詞原形,意思是「(現在)該……」。如:
It』s time that I picked up my daughter.
It』s high time we were going.
(3)虛擬語氣用在if only引導的感嘆句中。如:
If only I were a bird.
If only I had taken his advice.
(4)虛擬語氣在一些簡單句中的運用。
①情態動詞的過去式用於現在時態時,表示說話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌或語氣委婉,常出現在日常會話中。如:
It would be better for you not to stay up too late.
Would you be kind enough to close the door?
②用於一些習慣表達法中。如:
Would you like a cup of tea?
I would rather not tell you.
❷ 英語語法 虛擬語氣
問你花媽去~~
❸ 英語 虛擬語氣語法
虛擬語氣
1、在非真實條件句中,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。非真實條件有以下三類:
(1)與現在事實相反的非真實條件句,謂語動詞形式如下:
從句:過去時 主句:would/should/could/might+動詞原形。如
If I were you, I would ask our teacher for advice.
如果我是你的話,我就請教老師。
(2)與過去事實相反的非真實條件句,謂語動詞形式如下:
從句:過去完成時 主句:would/should/could/ might +have+動詞過去分詞。如
If I hadn't taken the wrong bus, I wouldn't have missed the contest.
如果我沒有搭錯車,我就不會不參加競賽。
(3)與將來事實相反的非真實條件句,謂語動詞形式如下:
從句:過去時/should /were to +動詞原形 主句:would/should/could/might+動詞原形。如
If I had enough money next month, I would buy a of "The Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English".
如果我下個月有足夠的錢,我就會買一本《現代高級英語學習詞典》。
(4)混合時間條件句:主句和從句不一定用指同一時間的動詞。如
If I had learned French, I would be able to interpret for our French friend.
假如我以前學過法語,現在就能給我們的法國朋友當翻譯。
(註:if從句與過去事實相反,用過去完成時;而主句與現在事實相反,用would+動詞原形。)
(5)含蓄條件句:有時假設的條件不通過條件從句來表示而含蓄在介詞短語或上下文中。如:
Without the warmth and light of the sun, the earth's vegetation would die almost immediately.
沒有太陽的熱量和光,地球上的植物幾乎會馬上死去。
2、虛擬語氣在某些從句中的應用:
(1)用於suggest, order, insist, demand等動詞後的賓語從句,如
We suggested that they (should)make a trip to Hong Kong next year.
我建議他們明年去香港旅遊。
(2)用於wish後的賓語從句
①與現在事實相反的願望
句型:主語+wish+從句(主語+過去時…)
I wish I were you.
但願我是你多好呀。
How I wish it wasn't raining!
現在要是不下雨該多好啊! (我多麼希望現在不下雨。)
②與過去事實相反的願望
句型:主語+wish+從句(主語+過去完成時…)
I wish I had learned more.
我多麼希望我以前多學一些啊!
He wishes he hadn't made the big mistake.
他要是不犯那個大錯誤該多好啊!
③與將來的願望相反(願望難以實現)
句型:主語+wish+從句(主語+過去將來時…)
The last chance has been lost. How he wishes he could have another chance.
最後一次機會失去了,他多麼希望他能再有一次機會啊!
(3)用於as if (as though)引導的從句
在as if (as though)引導的從句中,如果談論的是不可能或不真實的情況,它們所引導的表示虛擬性比喻或方式的狀語從句要用虛擬語氣。動詞形式和wish後面的從句中動詞形式變化相同。
He speakes English as if he were an Englishman.
他說起英語好象他是個英國人似的。
They talked about the city as if (though) they had been there before.
他們談論那座城市,就好像他們以前去過那兒似的。
He stood up as if (though) he would speak.
他站起來好像要發言似的。
注意:當as if (though)引導的從句用於動詞seem, appear, look, sound, smell等後面時,as if (though)從句的謂語有時依句意需要,也可用陳述語氣,表示說話者認為有可能是事實的事。試比較:
It seems as if she knew me.
好像他早就認識我似的。 (事實上他不認識我。)
It seems as if she knows me.
好像他認識我。 (事實上他認識我的可能性很大。)
(4)用於in order that ,so that引導的目的狀語從句。如
The professor spoke slowly in order that the listeners could hear hem clearly.
教授說的很慢,好讓聽眾聽清楚。
(5)用於It is (high) time引起的從句。如
It is time we stopped this practice.
現在是結束這種做法的時候了。
❹ 英語語法中的虛擬語氣,怎麼用
一、虛擬語氣的使用范圍:
虛擬語氣用來表示說話人所說的話並不是事實,而是一種假設、願望、懷疑或推測。該語法主要用於if 條件狀語從句中,也可用於主語從句、表語從句和賓語從句等。
二、虛擬語氣的判斷:
1. if 條件狀語從句中虛擬語氣的判斷。if 條件狀語從句有真實條件句和非真實條件句。假設條件可以實現的句子為真實條件句,反之為非真實條件句,要用虛擬語氣。其形式分為以下三種:
(1) 與過去事實相反的假設。結構為:從句的謂語動詞用「had + 過去分詞」,主句用「should (would, could, might) + have + 過去分詞」。例如:
If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天沒有下大雨,我們就能玩網球了。
(2) 與現在事實相反的假設。結構為:從句的謂語動詞用過去式,系動詞用were,主句的謂語用「should (would, could, might) + 動詞原形」。例如:
If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你,我就娶她為妻。
(3) 與將來事實相反的假設。結構為:從句的謂語動詞用「should (were to) + 動詞原形」,主句用「should
(would, could, might) + 動詞原形」。 例如:
If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你錯過了這次機會,你會難過的。
2. 賓語從句中的虛擬語氣。
(1) wish後接賓語從句中的虛擬語氣:根據從句的意義來判斷。
A: 表示與現在和將來事實相反的願望,從句謂語動詞用過去時態。例如:
I wish they were not so late. 要是他們來得不是這么晚就好了。
B: 表示與過去事實相反的願望,從句謂語動詞用過去完成時態。例如:
I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。
(2) 表示「要求、建議、命令」等動詞後面的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣。用於此結構的動詞有:advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。從句的謂語動詞用「should + 動詞原形」,其中should 可以省去。例如:
I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我堅持讓他和我們一起去。
注意:當insist 表示「堅持認為」、suggest表示「表明,顯示」時,不用虛擬語氣。例如:
He insisted that she was honest. 他堅持認為她是誠實的。
3. 主語從句中的虛擬語氣。
(1) It be + 形容詞 + that... (should)...。用於該句型的形容詞有:necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising等。例如:
It's natural that he should feel hurt. 他感到疼是很正常的。
(2) It be + 過去分詞 + that... (should)...。用於該結構中的過去分詞是表示「建議、請求、命令」等詞的過去分詞。如: desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。例如:
It is desired that the building of the house be completed next month. 真希望這所房子在下個月前就能竣工。
(3) It is time (about time / high time) that... + (過去時或should + 動詞原形)...。例如:
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home. 我該回家了。
(4) 表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣。在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要具體內容解釋的名詞後要使用虛擬語氣,其謂語動詞為:should + 動詞原形,連接從句的that不能省略。例如:
My suggestion is that we should go there at once. 我的建議是我們應該馬上去那兒。
4. 省略形式。有時可以把含有助動詞、情態動詞、be或have的虛擬條件句中的連詞if 省去,而將had, should, were 等詞提到主語之前,即用倒裝結構。這時,如果出現not等否定詞時需放在主語後面。例如:
If she had been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. → Had she been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. 如果她早到五分鍾,她就會看見她的老朋友了。
❺ 英語語法:虛擬語氣
這個sent跟虛擬語氣沒有什麼關系
get that form sent off
這個sent是根據get來的
get something done
done就是指過去分詞 表示把是事情做了
❻ 求英語語法虛擬語氣例句
與襲..事實相反
If從句
主句
過去
Had
done
Would*
have
done
現在
Were/did
Would*
do
將來
Should
do/were/were
to
do
Would*
do
例句:If
there
hadn』t
been
much
rain
in
spring,
we
would
have
had
a
good
harvest
now.
[過去]
If
he
smoked
less,
his
cough
might
be
well
soon.
[現在]
If
the
lecturer
should
be
late,
you
would
have
to
make
a
speech
first.
[將來]
❼ 求英語語法虛擬語氣例句
與..事實相反 If從句 主句
過去 Had done Would* have done
現在專 Were/did Would* do
將來屬 Should do/were/were to do Would* do
例句:If there hadn』t been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now. [過去]
If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. [現在]
If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. [將來]
❽ 英語虛擬語氣具體語法。謝謝
虛擬語氣應該是強制性的知識點三個第一和第二單元。
下的虛擬語氣兩個常規測試點:
一,名詞性從句應該做的結構,應該被忽略。在名詞性從句,如果存在「命令,建議,要求,計劃」字,無論什麼名詞性從句時,需要使用虛擬語氣的。如:
他建議我們(應)完成任務的時間是賓語從句,提出了「建議」的意思。另一個例子是在表語從句中使用的詞:。
他的建議是,我們(應)完成任務的時間
在本節中,關鍵是要注意:如果句主語和被動動詞之間的關系,那麼他們會使用(應該)做結構,就像同樣的情態動詞的被動形式。如:
他下令任務(應該)按時完成
在虛擬語氣第二個條件狀語從句。子句和主句的動詞有嚴格的要求,具體如下:
子句,則主句
而現在正好相反:沒有/被會/可以/應該/可以做
和過去的相反的:做了會/可以/應該/可能有母鹿
和未來的相反:沒有/是做/應該做會/可以/應該/可以做
例如:如果當時你不幫我們,我們不能完成它的工作原理。
如果你沒有幫我們的話,我們就不能完成該項目。 (相對於過去)。
如果我是你,我會用另一種方法。
如果我是你,我會用另一種方式來做到這一點。 (現在的對面),短語,要注意,我用的是。盡管受試者是單數,一般假設語氣過去時,不能使用了。
這些是基本的規則,當然,還有很多其他的。如:
我希望....這種結構是賓語從句在名詞性從句,但它使用上述相同的虛擬語氣是不是和我在一起。這句話,時態的賓語從句走了一步過去。即:如果相反,與過去時,如果和過去相反,在過去使用時已完成,如果違反了現在和將來與過去的未來。
這樣的:我希望我是一隻鳥,現在相反
我希望我之前和過去相反..
要將所有沒有浪費了很多時間關於具體的,比較難,我建議你看看下面的語法書系統的通話效果會更好。
❾ 英語語法虛擬語氣
1. B
這是個倒裝句,由if引導的虛擬條件句中如有had,should,were時,可以把if省去,把had,should,were放到主語的前版面。先排除C和權D。
正常語序是If he _____ come late, ... 如選A的had,had come表示過去完成時,對過去的虛擬,B的should come表示對將來的虛擬,這里他還沒有回來,所以應該表示將來,選B
2. C
這句話的意思是 如果我有時間我就幫他了,但是我沒有(時間)。針對have time的否定。沒有就是don't have,這里是過去時,用didn't
3. D
這里主句用would go的形式,表示是對現在或將來的虛擬,那這時從句用一般過去時或should+ 動詞原形,虛擬語氣里的be動詞只有一個,就是were,不管主語是第一人稱,第二還是第三。對過去的虛擬用(had been)