1. 英語語法 基本組成
【英語】簡單句的五種基本句型
http://www.tesoon.com/作者:佚名來源:天星教育網更新時間:2014-04-11 10:11點擊:38286
簡單句是英語中的基本句子,了解和掌握這五種基本句型對學好英語極為重要。這五種基本句型是:
1.主語+不及物動詞(主謂結構)
本結構是由主語加不及物動詞構成,常用來表示主語的動作。此句型中不及物動詞的常用法:
(1)一般表達型。此類不及物動詞常與表示時間、距離、重量、價值等的副詞修飾語連用。
如:They worked day and night. 他們夜以繼日地工作。
(2)主動形式表示被動含義型。此類動詞常見的有:read, sell, wash, write, clean等。
如:The theatre tickets sold well. 戲票很暢銷。
This kind of cloth washes well.這種布料很容易洗。
2.主語+系動詞+表語(主系表結構)
本結構是由"主語+系動詞+表語"組成,主要用以說明主語的特徵、類屬、狀態、身份等。此句型中常見的系動詞:be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, keep等。
(1)主語+系動詞+形容詞(作表語)
如:That argument sounds reasonable. 那個論據聽起來有道理。
It feels good to be home.在家的感覺真好。
(2)主語+系動詞+名詞(作表語)
如:Later he became a scientist.他後來成為一個科學家。
He is a student. 他是個學生。
(3)主語+系動詞+副詞、介詞短語或反身代詞(作表語)
如:He is near. 他在附近。
This is of importance. 這很重要。
You』re not looking yourself today. 今天你看上去氣色不太好。
3. 主語+及物動詞+賓語(主謂賓結構)
此結構是由"主語+謂語+賓語"構成。其中的謂語動詞須是及物動詞(短語),賓語須是名詞或相當於名詞的成分。
(1)主語+及物動詞+名詞或代詞(作賓語)
如:He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂舉過頭頂。
Will you spend your holidays abroad this year? 你今年去國外度假嗎?
(2)主語+及物動詞+動名詞(作賓語)。此類及物動詞(短語)有:advise, consider, avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practise, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off, insist on, give up, can』t help, stick to等。
如:I suggested taking a walk. 我建議去散步。
You should not give up studying. 你不該放棄學習。
(3)主語+及物動詞+不定式(作賓語)。此類及物動詞有:afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn, offer, plan, refuse等。
如:I hope to go to college. 我希望上大學。
The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. 公司無法支付如此巨額的工資。
(4)既可接動名詞又可接不定式的及物動詞。如:remember to do sth.記住要做某事/remember doing sth.記得曾做過某事;stop to do sth.停下來去做另一件事/stop doing sth.停止做某事;forget to do sth.忘記去做某事/forget doing sth.忘了做過某事;regret to do sth.遺憾去做某事/regret doing sth.後悔做了某事;go on to do sth.做完一件事接著做另一件事/go on doing sth.繼續做同一件事;try to do sth. 試圖做某事/try doing sth.嘗試著做某事等。
如:Did you remember to feed the birds?你記著喂鳥了嗎?
I remember feeding the birds. 我記得已餵了鳥。
4. 主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(主謂+雙賓語結構)
此句型中常見的接雙賓語的動詞:
(1)用to變換間接賓語的動詞:give, hand, offer, show, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, tell, lend等。
如:Could you give me the letter?或Could you give the letter to me? 你能把那封信遞給我嗎?
Can you lend me that book? 或Can you lend that book to me? 你能把那本書借給我嗎?
(2)用for變換間接賓語的動詞:make, buy, cook, find, get, order, sing, spare, fetch等。
如:He bought me a bottle of ink. /He bought a bottle of ink for me.他為我買了一瓶墨水。
Can you get me some stamps?或Can you get some stamps for me? 你能幫我拿些郵票嗎?
5. 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語(主謂+復合賓語結構)
此結構中賓語與賓語補足語有邏輯上的主謂關系,若無賓語補足語,則句意不完整。可以用作賓語補足語的有名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞。此句型中常見的接賓語補足語的及物動詞:
(1)接名詞作賓補的動詞:find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, make, leave等。
如:They usually call the baby Dick. 他們通常叫那嬰兒Dick。
I would make him king over the earth. 我會讓他當世界之王。
(2)接形容詞作賓補的動詞:keep, get, make, leave, find, paint, set, turn, drive, call, cut, consider等。
如:She will make him happy. 她將使他幸福。
Please cut the stick short. 請把這根棍子砍短。
(3)接分詞、省略to的動詞不定式等作賓補的及物動詞:see, notice, hear, watch, observe等。
如:He left me waiting in the rain. 他讓我在雨中等。
(4)接副詞、介詞短語等作賓補的動詞有leave, put等。
如:The police put the thief in prison. 警察把這小偷關進了監獄。
(5)有些動詞後常用it作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語放到賓語補足語的後面,這是英語中常用的句型,即"主語+謂語+it+賓補+真正的賓語"。常見動詞有think, find, consider等。
如:I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. 我認為有可能用另一種方法解題。
節選自
2. 英語語法大全
初三英語總復習資料
介詞
I. 要點
1、介詞和種類
(1) 簡單介詞,常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
(2) 復合介詞,如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
2、介詞和其他詞類的習慣搭配關系
(1) 和動詞的搭配,如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。
(2) 和形容詞的搭配,如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at
(3) 和名詞的搭配,如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.
3、介詞短語可以有自己的修飾語,這種修飾語通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少數幾個副詞。如:
He came right after dinner.
He lives directly opposite the school.
4、 某些介詞的意義與用法舉例
(1) at, on, in(表時間)
表示時間點用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等;表示不確定的時間或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。
指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。
指長於或短於一天的時段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。
(2) between, among(表位置)
between僅用於二者之間,但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個之間的相互關系時,也用between, 如
I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
The village lies between three hills.
among用於三者或三者以上之間。如:He is the best among the students.
(3) beside, besides
beside意為"在…旁邊",而besides意為"除…之外"。如:
He sat beside me.
What do you want besides this?
(4)in the tree, on the tree
in the tree 指動物或人在樹上,而on the tree 指果實、樹葉長在樹上
(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way
on the way 指在路上 in the way 指擋道
by the way 指順便問一句 in this way 用這樣的方法
(6)in the corner, at the corner
in the corner 指在拐角內 at the corner 指在拐角外
(7)in the morning, on the morning
in the morning 是一般說法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
(8)by bus, on the bus
by bus 是一般說法 on the bus 特指乘某一輛車
II. 例題
例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?
A except B but C beside D besides
解析:A、B兩項except等於but,意為"除了…",C-beside意為"在…旁邊",不符合題意。而D-besides, 意為"除了…之外,還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為:除了英語外,你還知道別的語言嗎?
例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
A on B at C in D ring
解析:我們均知道,at night這一短語,但如果night前有修飾詞,表具體的夜晚,則要用介詞on來修飾,故該題正確答案為A。
例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.
A to B in C at D on
解析:該題正確答案為A。look forward to 為固定搭配,意為"期望、盼望"。
連詞
I. 要點
1、 連詞的種類
(1) 並列連詞用來連接並列關系的詞、短語或分句,如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。
(2) 從屬連詞用來引導從句,如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。
除了從屬連詞(引導狀語從句)外,還有其它可以用來引導從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導名詞性從句),關系代詞和關系副詞(引導定語從句)。
2、 常用連詞舉例
(1)and 和,並且
They drank and sang all night.
(2) both…and 和, 既…也…
Both my parents and I went there.
(3) but 但是,而
I'm sad, but he is happy.
(4) either…or 或…或…, 要麼…要麼…
Either you're wrong, or I am.
(5) for因為
I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.
(6) however 然而,可是
Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.
(7) neither…nor 既不…也不
Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.
(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…
He not only sings well, but also dances well.
(9) or 或者,否則
Hurry up, or you'll be late.
Are you a worker or a doctor?
(10) so 因此,所以
It's getting late, so I must go.
(11) although 雖然
Although it was late, they went on working.
(12) as soon as 一 …就
I'll tell him as soon as I see him.
(13) because 因為
He didn't go to school, because he was ill.
(14)unless 除非,如果不
I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.
(15)until 直到…
He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬間動詞用於not… until 結構)
He stayed there until eleven.
(16)while 當…時候,而 (表示對比)
While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while後不可用瞬間動詞)
My pen is red while his is blue.
(17)for 因為
He was ill, for he didn't come. (結論是推斷出來的)
(18)since自從…
I have lived here since my uncle left.
(19)hardly… when 一… 就
I had hardly got to the station when the train left.
(20)as far as 就… 來說
As far as I know, that country is very small.
You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那裡)
II. 例題
例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
A as well B as well as C so well D so well as
解析:該題意為:John踢足球如果不比David好的話,那也踢得和David一樣好。 和…一樣好為as well as. 故該題正確答案為B.
例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A when B where C which D while
解析:該處意為"然而",只有while有此意思,故選D。
例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
解析:該處意為"或者",正確答案為C。
動詞時態、語態
I. 要點
1、 一般現在時
(1) 表示經常發生的動作或現在存在的狀態,常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時間狀語連用。如:Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
(2) 表示客觀真理、科學事實等。如:The earth goes round the sun.
2、 現在進行時
(1) 表示說話時或現階段正在進行的動作,常與now, at present等時間狀語連用。如:
What are you doing now?
(2) 和always, continually等連用,表一種經常反復的動作,常含有某種情感。如:
He is always doing good deeds.
3、 現在完成時
主要表示動作發生在過去,對現在仍有影響,或動作一直延續到現在,或可能還要繼續下去,常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般將來時
表示將來某一時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如:
I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
We're going to see a film next Monday.
5、一般過去時
表示在過去某一時間或某一階段內發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如:It happened many years ago.
6、過去進行時
表示過去某一時刻或某一時期正在發生的動作。如:
What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、 過去完成時
表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作。如:
The train had already left before we arrived.
8、一般過去將來時
表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發生的動作。如:
He said he would come, but he didn't.
9、被動語態 被動語態的時態,以give為例。
時/式 一般 進行 完成
現在 am is given are am is being are has been given have
過去 was given were was being given were had been given
將來 shall be given will shall have been given will
過去將來 should be given would should have been given would
II.例題
例1 I learned that her father ____ in 1950.
A had died B died C dead D is dead
解析:該題正確答案為B。從句中的謂語動詞動作雖然發生在主句謂語動詞的動作之前,但因從句中有明確的過去時間狀語in 1950, 所以不用過去完成時態,而用一般過去時態。
例2 The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.
A is looked B has looked for
C is being looked for D has been looked
解析:該題正確答案為C。在帶有介詞的動詞短語用於被動語態句中,介詞不能省,否則就變成了不及物動詞短語,而不能用於被動語態的句子中。
短語動詞
I. 要點
英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體,其用法有的相當於及物動詞,有的相當於不及物動詞,有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特徵。英語短語動詞的構成主要有以下六種:
(1) 動詞+介詞
常見的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後。如:
Don't laugh at others.
I didn't care about it.
(2) 動詞+副詞
常見的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞,既可放在副詞前邊,又可放在副詞後邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則要放在副詞前邊。如:You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don't forget to hand it in.
(3) 動詞+副詞+介詞
常見的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後邊。如:
All his money added up to no more than $100.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4) 動詞+名詞+介詞
常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後邊。如:You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
(5) 動詞+形容詞
常見的有leave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞,則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊,也可放在後邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則必須放在形容詞前邊。如:
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
(6) 動詞+名詞
常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如:
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
(7)辨析
give away(讓給,暴露) 和 give up(放棄,停止)
put away(放起,收起) 和 put out (撲滅)
turn up(出席,放大) 和 turn on (打開)
keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不讓靠近)
make up(編造,補上) 和 make out(辨認)
take off(脫,起飛) 和 take out(拿出)
II. 例題
例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
解析:該題正確uot;;give away意為"分發";lay up"貯藏"。例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
A touch B relation C connection D friendship
解析:該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語動詞,意為"保持聯系"。
例3 ____! There's a train coming.
A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
解析:該題選A. look out 意為"小心"。
動詞不定式
I. 要點
1、 不定式的形式。以動詞write為例。
式|語態 主動語態 被動語態
一般式 to write to be written
完成式 to have written to have been written
進行式 to be writing
完成進行式 to have been writing
2、 不定式的句法功能
(1) 作主語
To hear from you is nice.
To be a good teacher is not easy.
不定式作主語時,為了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主語,而不定式置於謂語動詞後。如:It's nice to hear from you.
It's not easy to be a good teacher.
(2) 作賓語
通常用於want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等詞後。如:
I forgot to lock the door.
Please remember to write to me.
(3) 作表語
My job is to pick up letters.
He seemed to have heard nothing.
(4) 作定語
不定式作定語時,須放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞後。如:
I have two letters to write.
I have a lot of work to do.
(5) 作賓補
通常用於want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等詞後。如:
He ordered her to leave at once.
He was forced to obey his order.
(6) 作狀語
He got up early to catch the first bus.
He worked hard to catch up with the other students.
(7) 作獨立成分
To tell you the truth, I told a lie.
(8) "疑問詞+不定式"結構。 如:
I don't know how to choose them.
I cannot decide where to go.
(9)不定式的否定式。如:
I decided not to go.
(10)不定式的完成式。如:
He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.
The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.
(11)too…to 結構。如:
He was too excited to go to sleep.
He was only too glad to go. (他太高興了,樂意去)
(12)主動表被動。如:
The book is easy to read.
I have a book to read.
II.例題
例1 I haven't got a chair ____.
A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting
解析:該題選C。不定式to sit on在句中作定語,修飾名詞chair. 因為不定式和它所修飾的名詞間是"動賓關系",所以不定式必須是及物動詞,故此處on不能省略。
例2 He was made ____. A go B gone C going D to go
解析:該題選D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被動形式,不定式do前的to不能省略。
例3 A new factory is ____ very soon.
A to be built B built
C to build D to building
解析:該題選A。is to be built意為"將要被建"。
3. 常用的英語語法有哪些呢
語從句(Subject
Clause)
定義:如果一個句子在復合句中充當一個主語,那麼這個句子就是主語從句.
第一部分:常規主語從句,即句子在復合句中充當一個主語
第二部分:為了防止句子頭重腳輕,通常把形式主語it放在主語位置,真正主語擱置於句末
狀語從句
(Adverbial
Clause)
狀語從句指句子用作狀語時,起副詞作用的句子.它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子.根據其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結果、讓步、方式和比較等從句.狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導,也可以由片語引起.從句位於句首或句中時通常用逗號與主句隔開,位於句尾時可以不用逗號隔開.
同位語部分是個句子,就是同位語從句,這種用法比較"固定",把關鍵的幾個詞背下來.
下面這個材料供參考.
一、在復合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句.它一般跟在某些名詞後面,用以說明該名詞表示的具體內容.如:
I
heard
the
news
that
our
team
had
won.我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息.
I
had
no
idea
that
you
were
here.我不知道你在這里.
二、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等.如:
I』ve
come
from
Mr
wang
with
a
message
that
he
won』t
be
able
to
see
you
this
afternoon.
我從王先生那裡來,他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了.
三、英語中引導同位語從句的詞通有連詞
that,whether,連接副詞
how,when,where等.(註:if,which
不能引導同位語從句.)如:
l
have
no
idea
When
he
will
be
back.我不知道他什麼時候回來.
He
must
answer
the
question
whether
he
agrees
to
it
or
not.
他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題.
四、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞後面,而被別的詞隔開.如:
Several
years
later,word
came
that
Napoleon
himself
was
coming
to
inspect
them.
幾年以後,有消息傳來說拿破崙要親自視
察他們.
The
thought
came
to
him
that
maybe
the
enemy
had
fled
the
city.
他突然想起可能敵人已經逃出城了.
五、同位語從句與定語從句的區別.
1、同位語從句與前面的名詞是同位關系,即說明它前面名詞的內容;而定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關系,即限定它前面的名詞范圍,或補充一些情況.如:
The
news
that
l
have
passed
the
exam
is
true.我通過了考試這一消息是真的.
(同位語從句,即從句所表達的意思就是前面名詞的內容.)
The
news
that
he
told
me
just
now
is
true.他剛才告訴我的消息是真的.
(定語從句,從句對前面名詞起修飾限製作用,即「他告訴我的」那個消息,而不是別的消息.)
2、引導同位語從句的that是連詞,在從句中不充當任何成份,而引導定語從句的that是關系代詞,除起連接作用外,還在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語等.如:
The
idea
that
computers
can
recognize
human
voices
surprises
many
people.
計算機能夠識別人的聲音的想法使許多人感到驚奇.(that在從句中不充當任何成份.)
The
idea
that
he
gave
surprises
many
people.他提出的觀點令許多人感到吃驚.
(that在從句中作gave的賓語.)
一個名詞(或其它形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾,限定或說明,這個名詞(或其它形
式)就是同位語.同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致,並常常緊挨在一起.
4. 英語共計多少種語法全部的,多少種詞。
一共16個時態,分別是:
1、一般現在時 。
2、一般過去時 。
3、一般將來時。
4、一般過去將來時。
5、現在進行時 。
6、過去進行時 。
7、將來進行時 。
8、過去將來進行時。
9、現在完成時 。
10、過去完成時 。
11、將來完成時 。
12、過去將來完成時。
13、現在完成進行時 。
14、過去完成進行時 。
15、將來完成進行時 。
16、過去將來完成進行時。
(4)英語常見語法表擴展閱讀:
英語測試
英國:國際英語測試系統(IELTS,International English Language Testing System,雅思),劍橋英文認證(Cambridge Main Suit),劍橋商務英語(Cambridge Business EnglishCertificate)。
美國:托福(TOEFL),機考托福(CBT;逐漸廢除),網考托福(iBT),托業(TOEIC,商用英文考試),英語口語水平測試(TSE)。
中國大陸:,大學英語考試(CET),大學英語四級考試(CET-4),大學英語六級考試(CET-6),高等學校英語專業考試(TEM),英語專業四級考試(TEM-4),英語專業八級考試(TEM-8),英語等級考試(PETS)。
中國台灣:全民英語能力分級檢定測驗(GEPT)。
5. 常見英語語法介紹
時態講解
一、一般現在時主要用於:
1 、表示經常性或習慣性動作。 e.g. It seldom snows here.
2 、表示現在的特徵或狀態。 e.g. He is always ready to help others.
3 、普遍真理。 e.g. Action speaks louder than words.
4 、劇情圖片介紹,背景說明,動作解說。 e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table)
Doctor : What's your trouble, young man?
Tom : I've caught a cold, doctor.
5 、時間、條件、讓步、方式狀語從句表將要發生的動作時。
e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.
與這種時態連用的時間狀語常有: always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。
二、一般過去時主要用於:
1 、表示過去某個時間發生的動作或情況(包括習慣性的動作或狀態)
e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days.
2 、談到過去的情況時 e.g. I didn't know you were so busy.
3 、談到已死人的情況時 e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter.
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常有:
yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引導的時間狀語從句,表示主句動作開始的時間。
三、現在完成時主要用於:
1 、表示到現在為止這一時期中發生的動作或情況,即多次動作的總和。
e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel?
For many days we haven't seen each other.
2 、表示對現在有影響的某一已發生的動作。
e.g. The delegation has left 代表團已經走了(說明現在不在這里) Look, what you have done. 看你乾的事。
與這一時態連用的時間狀語有: already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短語,連詞 since 引導的時間狀語從句。
一般過去時與現在完成時的區別:
一般過去時:重在說明動作在過去發生時的具體情況(時間、地點、方式、對象、細節等)。
現在完成時:只提起已發生的動作(事實)及其影響,不說明動作發生時的具體情況。
cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch?
I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father.
註:現在完成時表達的動作常具有反復性,故下面一句是錯的:
Have you seen the six thirty's news program? 應改為: Did you see the six thirty's news program?
四、現在完成進行時主要用於:表示過去開始的某一動作一直持續到現在,以至延伸到將來,它強調動作延續時間之長久。e.g. I've been writing an article. 我一直在寫一篇文章。(還在寫)
cf. I've written an article. 我寫了一篇文章。(已寫完)
It has been raining these days. 這些天一直在下雨。
五、過去完成時
1 、過去完成時是一個相對時態,表示過去的過去,只有在兩個過去發生的動作相比較時才可顯示出來。
e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
註:主從句表達的動作緊接時,即兩動作發生的時間沒有明顯時間上的懸殊或空檔時,主從句都可用一般過去時。 e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army?
2 、過去完成時可表示截止過去某一時間動作的總或動作的結束。
e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight o'clock, he had finished his homework.
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常有: by 1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等連詞引導的時間狀語從句,表示主句動作結束的時間。
(六)現在進行時主要用於:
1 、表示現在或現階段正在進行的動作。 e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days?
2 、代替一般現在時,表示經常性動作或狀態,而含有某種感情色彩。
e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺怎樣?(顯得親切)
He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功課很好。(贊揚)
You are always boasting. 你老愛吹牛。(厭煩)
3 、動詞 go, come, leave, arrive 等表將要發生的動作時。 e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.
與這種時態連用的時間狀語常有: now, these days, recently, this week 等。
七、過去進行時主要用於: 表示過去某個時刻或階段正在進行的動作。
e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA unit. 那時她在解放軍某部工作。
What were you doing this time yesterday?
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常用: at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。
用 when 引導的時間狀語從句表示主句的動作正在進行的時間。
e.g. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
註:
1 、 while 引導時間狀語從句敘述過去的動作時,從句常用過去進行時。
e.g. I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus.
2 、 when 用作並列連詞,意為「這時」,連接兩分句時,第一句多用過去進行時。
e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in.
一般過去時與過去進行時的區別:
一般過去時:強調過去某一時間開始或完成的動作。
過去進行時:強調過去某一時間正在進行的動作。
試區別下面兩句:
We were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我們在修建一座水庫。(可能尚未建成)
We built a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我們修建了一座水庫。(已經建成)
八、一般將來時主要用於: 表示將要發生的動作或情況
e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own.
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常用: tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。
一般將來時態與其它結構表將來情況的區別:
一般將來時態 :主要從時間的角度表將要發生的動作或情況。
be going to 結構 :①表(主觀上)打算或准備做某事時。 ②表有發生某事的預兆時。
e.g. They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.
據以上區別,故下面一句是錯的:
I am going to be eighteen years old next year. 應改為: I shall be eighteen years old next year.
be about to do sth 結構 :意為「剛要做某事」、「馬上要做某事」強調時間之緊迫性。
e.g. We are about to discuss this problem. 我們將馬上討論這個問題。
be to do sth 結構: 表示按計劃、安排、規定將實施某事或表示註定會發生某事。
e.g. When is the train to leave. All these things are to be answered for.
及物動詞與不及物動詞
英語中按動詞後可否直接跟賓語,可把動詞分成及物動詞與和及物動詞。
1.及物動詞: 字典里詞後標有vt. 的就是及物動詞。及物動詞後必須跟有動作的對象(即賓語),可直接跟賓語。see 看見 (vt.) +賓語 I can see a boy.
2.不及物動詞:字典里詞後標有vi. 的就是不及物動詞。不及物動詞後不能直接跟有動作的對象(即賓語)。若要跟賓語,必須先在其後添加上某個介詞,如to,of ,at後方可跟上賓語。
具體每個動詞後究竟加什麼介詞就得背動詞短語了,如listen to,look at…..
3. 賓語(動作的對象):是名詞或代詞,或相當於名詞的詞或短語(如動名詞)。其它詞不看作動作的對象呢。
4.舉例:「看」
(1)see 看見 (vt.) +賓語 I can see a boy.
(2)look 看 (vi.) x賓語(即不能直接加賓語). Look! She is singing.
Look carefully! (注意:carefully 是副詞,不是名詞,故不作賓語喲)
(3)look at 看…….+賓語 Look at me carefully! (me是代詞,作賓語了)
連系動詞
連系動詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨立作謂語,必須與表語一起構成謂語。
表語通常由名詞、形容詞,或相當於名詞或形容詞的詞或短語等充當,說明主語是什麼或怎麼樣。
一、 連系動詞的類型有:
1. "存在"類:表示存在或具有某種特徵或狀態.這類連系動詞強調"存在"。常見的有:be(是),look(看起來),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、顯得),prove(證明是),smell(聞起來),taste(嘗起來),sound(聽起來)等。例如:
The story sounds true.
Those oranges taste good.
2. "持續"類:表示某種情況或狀態的持續。這類連系動詞強調"持續"。常見的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(繼續、仍舊),stand(處於某狀況或情形)等。例如:
Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.
It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter?
3. "變化"類:表示由一種情況或狀態變化成另一種情況或狀態。這類連系動詞強調"變化"後的情況或狀態.常見的有:become(變成), turn(變成), grow(變得), go(變得)等。例如:
Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.
二、注意事項
1. 有些連系動詞通常不用於被動語態和進行時態中。如:feel, taste等詞。例如:
-Do you like the material?
-Yes, it feels very soft.
2. 一般情況下,連系動詞主要跟形容詞或分詞作表語。例如:
Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car.
3. 能跟名詞作表語的連系動詞常見的有:be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等.注意:turn後跟(表示主語身份的)名詞作表語時,不加冠詞。例如:
Twenty years later, he turned teacher.
The population growth in China remains a problem.
4. 連系動詞也可跟不定式(to do / to be),常見的有:appear, seem, remain, prove, look等。例如:
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.
On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.
終止性動詞與延續性動詞
終止性動詞指不會持續一段時間的動作,即動作在瞬間或短時間內完成。 例如:get arrive 這類動詞不與一段時間連用
終止性動詞:表示不能延續的動作,即動作發生後立即結束。如:begin,arrive, borrow, ...終止性動詞的肯定式是不能持續的,所以不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用,而終止性的否定式就可以和表一段時間的狀語.
一、延續性動詞和終止性動詞的概念
英語中,動詞按其動作發生的方式、動作發生過程的長短,可分為延續性動詞和終止性動詞。
延續性動詞表示能夠延續的動作,這種動作可以延續下去或產生持久影響。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
終止性動詞也稱非延續性動詞、瞬間動詞或短暫性動詞,表示不能延續的動作,這種動作發生後立即結束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延續性動詞的用法特徵
1.延續性動詞可以用於現在完成時,其完成時態可與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。表示"段時間"的短語有:for two years, ring the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自從我來到這兒就學英語了。
2.延續性動詞不能與表示短暫時間的"點時間"狀語連用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(誤) rain為延續性動詞,而at eight表示"點時間",前後顯然矛盾。如果用延續性動詞表示一瞬間的動作,可以藉助come, begin, get等終止性動詞來表示。上句可改為:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、終止性動詞的用法特徵
1.終止性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成,因此可用於現在完成時。如:
The train has arrived.火車到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎?
2.終止性動詞表示的動作極其短暫,不能持續。因此,不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。如:
(1)他死了三年了。
誤:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他來這兒五天了。
誤:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動詞,不能與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。那麼,應如何正確表達呢?可以採用下面的四種方法:
(1)將句中終止性動詞轉換為相應的延續性動詞,如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達方式。下面列舉幾例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)將句中表示"段時間"的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語,如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段時間+since..."表達原意,如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達方式。
(4)用句型"時間+has passed+since..."表達原意,如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達方式。
3.終止性動詞可用於現在完成時否定式中,成為可以延續的狀態,因而可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.終止性動詞的否定式與until/till連用,構成"not+終止性動詞+until/till ..."的句型,意為"直到……才……"。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能離開這里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫,我才上床睡覺。
5.終止性動詞可以用於when引導的時間狀語從句中,但不可以用於while引導的時間狀語從句中。when表示的時間是"點時間"(從句謂語動詞用終止性動詞),也可以是"段時間"(從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞)。而while表示的是一個較長的時間或過程,從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach為終止性動詞)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續性動詞短語)
6.終止性動詞完成時不可與how long連用(只限於肯定式)。如:
誤:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?
6. 英語的常用語法
常用語法有 一、句型1——主語+謂語
我們知道,一個句子是為了說明一件事(或表達一種感情),最簡單的表達方式,就是「誰,怎麼樣了」。這里的「誰」,就是句子的主語,它的內涵很豐富,可以是人、物、某種行為等。「怎麼樣了」,就是句子的謂語,由動詞充當。主語+謂語,即構成一個最簡單的句子。舉一些簡單的例子:
I dance.
She died.
we agree.
……
二、句型2——主語+謂語+賓語
句型2在句型1的基礎上多了一個賓語,賓語是什麼呢?還是從句子表達事情的角度看,可以理解為「誰,對誰怎麼樣了」。賓語,就是主語藉助一個動作(謂語)作用的一個對象。還是舉一些簡單的例子:
I hate him.
I love you.
I dance with her.(注意,為什麼這里多了一個with,學過動詞那一節的同學肯定知道哦~)
……
三、句型3——主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語
在這個句型里,我們發現謂語後面跟了兩個賓語,直接賓語,就是謂語動詞直接作用的對象,而間接賓語,是指謂語需要先藉助於一個間接的對象,再把動作傳遞到直接賓語身上。
如,I give him a book.(「給」,這個動作,最終作用的對象是「書」,但需要先通過「他」,把「給」這個動作傳遞到書)
注意,如果理解不了這種句型,關系並不大,只有很少一些動詞需要通過接兩個賓語的方式來表達完整的意思,記住這些動詞就行了。
四、句型4——主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語
相對於句型2,這種句型中又多了一個賓語補足語,「補足」意思就是補充說明,所以賓語補足語的作用,就是用來補充說明賓語怎麼樣了。
I want you to go with me.(我要你,要你干什麼呢?to go with me,即要你跟我一些走,這個部分就是賓語補足語。)
注意,在這種句型中,補足語可能不是一個具體的單詞。
五、句型5——主語+系動詞+表語
還記得系動詞嗎?我們在動詞那一節也講過哦,這里就不復習了。這個句型,就是在講如何使用系動詞。表語,就是跟在系動詞後面的成分的一個統稱,不用過分在意它是什麼意思。感官類系動詞,其後一般接形容詞;be動詞後一般接名詞(或不定式等)。同樣舉一些最簡單的例子:
It smells good.
She is a teacher.
……
7. 英語常用的幾個語法點有什麼,
英語常用的幾個語法點有什麼, 中學語法大全 代詞
目錄
人稱代詞的用法 2
人稱代詞之主、賓格的版替換權 2
代詞的指代問題 3
並列人稱代詞的排列順序 3
物主代詞 4
雙重所有格 4
反身代詞 4
相互代詞 5
指示代詞 6
疑問代詞 7
關系代詞 8
every, no, all, both,... 9
none, few, some, any,... 10
代詞比較辯異one, that和it 11
one/another/the other 11
"the"的妙用 12
anyone/any one;... 12
both, either, neither,... 13
many, much 14
few, little, a few,... 14
8. 英語語法,常見的系動詞都有哪些謝謝!
常見的系動詞有:become(成為),sound(聽起來),get(變成),remain(還是),seem(似乎是),look(看上去),turn(變成),feel(感覺),appear(出現、顯現),be(是),feel(摸起來),taste(嘗起來),smell(聞起來)等
1、be
Be,英語單詞,俗稱「be動詞」,根據時態語態變化為is、am、are或保留原型be,與動詞的現在分詞連用,構成各種進行時態,常作系動詞、助動詞,被動語態中可表被動等。美音[bi];英音[bi:]。
2、get
get是一個英語單詞,可以用作名詞和動詞,可以翻譯為得到、抓住,等等。get是五個最常用的英語動詞之一,但它常用於非正式的口語或書面語中。
3、look
看,望,瞪,顯示;注視;顯得
這里look是表感官的系動詞(相當於系動詞be),這類詞叫做半系動詞。半系動詞後可用名詞、不定式、分詞和形容詞等作表語。
4、turn
turn,作為英文單詞,是轉動,旋轉,轉變方向的意思。還有,TURN協議,允許NAT或者防火牆後面的對象可以通過TCP或者UDP接收到數據。這在使用了對稱式的NAT(或者防火牆)的網路中尤其具有實用價值。另外,還是蘇格蘭樂隊TRAVIS的單曲。
5、feel
feel是一個英文單詞。可做系動詞,後常跟省to不定式也可跟形容詞或觸覺;作不及物動詞是感覺的意思;作系動詞是覺得的意思。
(8)英語常見語法表擴展閱讀:
常見的系動詞用法
1、可以省略to be的系動詞,比如:seem, appear, turn out The examination turned out( to be)easy.結果是考試很容易。
The baby appears(to be) hungry 寶寶似乎是餓了。
She doesn't want to go on studying. It seems a pity 她不想學下去了,這似乎很可惜。
2、作系動詞的感官動詞,比如:look,feel, sound, taste, smell Tom felt sleepy so he decided to take a nap 湯姆感到困了,所以決定小睡一會兒。
You sound unhappy. what's the matter? 你說話聽起來不高興。怎麼回事?
3、表示變化的系動詞,比如:go,get,fall,turn,grow, become等。如:
fall ill生病, fall asleep睡熟, turn writer= become a writer成為作家, go bad/mad/ blind/ grey/pale變壞/變瘋/變瞎/頭發變白/臉變蒼白, go unnoticed未被注意到, get hurt受傷, get angry生氣
The rain is getting heavier and heavier. 雨變得越來越大。