A. 高中英語語法知識點重點有哪些啊
高中英語語法知識重點:定語從句,名詞性從句,狀語從句,反意疑問句,名詞與主謂一致,情態動詞,非謂語動詞,虛擬語氣,省略和倒裝。
B. 人教版高中英語必修五知識點及重要語法
時態(一般4,完成3,進行3)
語態(主,被)
非謂語
情態動詞
名詞性從句(主,賓,表,同位語)
定語從句
狀語從句
省略
倒裝
強調
主謂一致
虛擬語氣
呵呵,差不多就這些了
C. 高中英語語法知識
非謂語動詞
在英語中,動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞(包括現在分詞和過去分詞)可以出現在句子中除謂語以外的任何一個位置上,充當句子的主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語等成分,這些動詞形式稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞主要的句法功能一覽表:
非謂語動詞 功能
主語 賓語 表語 定語 狀語 補語
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
動名詞 √ √ √ √
分詞 √ √ √ √
Ⅰ). 作主語----doing/ to do:
⒈ 沒有多大區別。動詞原形不能在句中作主語
To see is to believe 百聞不如一見。=Seeing is believing.
⒉ doing抽象籠統的一般行為
to do具體的特別是將來的動作
Smoking is bad for health. 吸煙對人身體有害。 (籠統地談吸煙問題)
To finish the job in two days is impossible. 要在兩天之內完成這項工作是不可能的。(具體地談這項工作)
⒊ it用形式主語於句首常用不定式置於句尾
* It is /was + adj./ n. /-ed +to do
* It is no use/good/a waste of time + doing sth.
It is impossible to finish the job in two days.
It is no good/ use having a car if you can』t drive.如果你不會開車,有車也沒用。
It is a waste of time watching TV. 看電視是浪費時間。
⒋ There is no…句型中,常用doing作主語。
There is no saying what will happen. 無法估計將會發生什麼事。
There is no use making an excuse for this.為這事編造借口沒用。
Ⅱ). 作賓語-------doing/ to do:
⒈ 有些及物動詞後面只能接doing作賓語,不能接不定式,常見的有:
void 避免/ miss錯過/ postpone 推遲/ suggest 建議/ finish 完成/ practise練習/ enjoy 喜歡/ imagine 想像/ can』t help禁不住/ admit 承認/ deny 否認/ envy 嫉妒/escape 逃脫/ risk 冒險/ forgive 原諒/ stand 忍受/ keep保持/ mind 介意/ appreciate 感激,贊賞/ consider 認為/ delay 耽誤/ detest 討厭/ miss 想念/ resist 抵抗/ understand 理解/ feel like想要
I』m sorry I missed seeing you while in Shanghai.很遺憾,我在上海時沒看到你。
He suggested discussing the problem at the class meeting. 他建議在班會上討論這個問題。
Would you mind closing the window? 你介意把窗戶關上嗎?
Will you admit having broken the window?你承不承認打破了窗戶了?
He avoided giving us a definite answer.他避免給我們一個肯定的回答。
I was afraid to let the boy risk climbing the tree.我不敢讓這個男孩冒險爬那棵樹。
I couldn』t help crying when I heard the news.聽到這個消息我不禁哭起來。
⒉有些動詞後面只能跟to do作賓語,不能接動名詞,如:wish, hope, expect, offer, manage, decide, refuse, agree, pretend, promise, seem, fail
I don』t wish to be disturbed in my work.我不願在工作中被打攪。
We managed to get there in time.我們設法及時到了那裡。
He pretended to be reading a book.他假裝在讀書。
They promised to get up early.他們答應早起床。
He refused to do that job.他拒絕做那工作。
⒊ 有些動詞後面既可以接動名詞,也可以接不定式作賓語,其意義基本一樣,如: begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can』t stand, 但like, love 和would 或should 連用時,接不定式作賓語。
例 句 解 析
1. It began to rain. It began raining.
2. It was beginning to snow.
3. I love lying (to lie)on my back.
4. I like listening to music, but today I don』t like to.
5. I don』 t prefer to swim in the river now.
1. 意思無差別,但謂語動詞用進行時,後面只跟不定式。
2. 表示一種傾向多接動名詞作賓語,如果表示某一特定的或具體的行動,多接不定式。
⒋有些動詞後面既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語,但意義不同。如:
⑴mean to do sth. 打算干某事mean doing 意味著…
I didn』t mean to hurt you.我沒打算傷害你。
Missing the bus means waiting for an hour.誤了車就意味著等一個小時。
⑵stop to do sth.停下來去做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事
I was lost and had to stop to ask the way.我迷路了只好停下來問路。
They stopped talking.他們停止了談話。
⑶go on to do sth. (做完一件事之後)接著做(另一件事)go on doing sth.繼續做某事
After learning history, we went on to learn geography.學完歷史之後,我們接著學地理。
You shouldn』t go on living this way.你不應當繼續過這樣的生活了。
⑷try to do sth. 試圖做某事try doing sth.試試做某事(往往表示某種方法或方式)
Let』s try knocking at the back door.咱們敲敲後邊的門試試。
We tried to solve the problem.我們努力想解決這個問題。
⑸forget, regret, remember後接to do表示尚未發生的動作,接doing表示已經發生動作。
I forgot to write him a letter.我忘了給他寫信。( 以前沒寫信)
I forgot writing him a letter.我忘了以前曾寫信給他。 (曾寫過信)
I remember seeing you before. 我記得以前見過你。( 曾見過)
Please remember to write to me.請記住要給我寫信。 (目前還沒寫)
I regretted speaking to them about it.我後悔跟他們講過那件事。 (以前講過)
I regret to tell you that you didn』t pass the exam.我遺憾地告訴你,你考試沒及格。 (以前沒告訴過你)
⑹be used to do sth. 被用來做…be used to doing sth. 習慣於做…
We are used to going to bed early.我們習慣於早睡。
Wood can be used to make paper.木材可以用來造紙。
⑺can』t help(to)do sth. 不能幫助做某事can』t help doing sth. 不禁…
We can』t help to solve the problem.我們不能幫助解決這個問題。
On hearing the news, we couldn』t help laughing. 一聽到這個消息,我們忍不住大笑起來。
⑻allow, permit, advise, forbid, consider + doing /+ sb to do
We don』t allow smoking here.我們這里不允許吸煙。
We don』t allow them to smoke.我們不允許他們吸煙。
He advised having a rest.他建議休息。
He advised me to have a rest.他建議我休息。
I considered going to Canada.我考慮去加拿大。
I consider him to be honest.我認為他誠實。
⑼need, require, want + to be done/ doing 「需要(被作某種處置)」
The bridge needs/ requires/ wants repairing.
=The bridge needs/ requires/ wants to be repaired. 這個橋梁需要修一修了。
⒌介詞(除but以外)後面的動詞賓語一律用doing形式。
They are interested in singing.
他們愛好唱歌。( 動名詞singing作介詞in的賓語)
* but 與no, not any, all 等詞連用時為介詞,但其後面的動詞用to do,
如果but前面有實義動詞do 的任何形式,則but 後面用動詞原形do
He did nothing but cry.
他什麼也沒做,只是哭。(but 前面有實義動詞did, 所以but後面要接動詞原形)
I had no choice but to cry.
我別無辦法,只好哭。(but前面沒有實義動詞do,所以but後面要跟不定式形式)
⒍ 「wh- + to do,這一結構可轉換成該疑問詞引導的從句。
It hasn』t been decided where to go. 還沒決定到哪裡去。(主語)
I found out where to buy fruit cheaper.我找到了廉價買水果的地方。(賓語)
The question is what to write about.問題是應寫什麼。(表語)
Ⅲ. 作表語---doing/ to do/ done:
⒈ doing比較抽象籠統的一般行為
to do具體某次動作,特別是將來動作
有時兩者都可以用,在意思上沒多大區別。
My job is typing letters and papers.
我的工作就是打信件和文件。(打信件和文件是我日常的工作)
The next step is to discuss the suggestion raised by him.
下一步將是討論他提出的問題。
⒉ 主表一致
當主語是doing形式時,表語一般也用doing,如主語是to do,表語一般也用to do
Saving is having. =To save is to have. 節約即是收入。
(不能說Saving is to have.或To save is having.)
Teaching is learning.=To teach is to learn. 教書是學習。
(不能說Teaching is to learn.或To teach is learning.)
⒊ doing作表語多表示主語所具有的特徵,有時可譯為「令人…的」;
done作表語多表示主語所處的狀態,有時可譯為「感到…的」。
interesting 令人有興趣的,有趣的 interested 感興趣的
tiring 令人疲勞的 tired 感到疲倦的
moving 令人感動的 moved 受到感動的
exciting 令人激動的 excited 感到激動的
puzzling 令人迷惑的 puzzled 感到迷惑的
disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的
She felt a bit disappointed. 她感到有點失望。
The result is disappointing. 結果令人失望。
The news is exciting. 消息令人興奮。
I was excited at the news. 聽到這個消息我很興奮。
**⒋ 過去分詞作表語與被動語態的區別:(be + p.p)
被動語態表示一個動作,過去分詞作表語表示主語的特點或所處的狀態。如:
The window is broken.
窗戶打破了。(分詞作表語,表示現在窗戶處於破碎的狀態)
The window was broken by the boy.
窗戶是被那個小男孩打破的。(被動語態,表窗戶是被誰打破的,表動作)
The book is well written.
這本書寫得不錯。(分詞作表語,表狀態)
The book was written by her.
這本書是她寫的。(被動語態,表動作)
The tree is fallen.
樹倒了。(分詞作表語,表狀態)
Ⅳ. 作定語----to do/ doing/ done:
⒈ to do 做後置定語,與中心詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系,表示將要發生的動作或狀態
I have something important to tell you. (something important 是tell you的邏輯賓語)
我有重要的事情要告訴你。
I want to get something to read ring the winter vacation. (something 是read的邏輯賓語)
我想找點書在寒假讀。
** 若to do是不及物動詞介詞不可省略
We are looking for a paper to write on.
我們正在找寫字用的紙。
I』m not sure which restaurant to eat at.
我對在哪家餐館吃飯沒有把握。
It would be a comfortable room to live in.
這房間住起來會很舒適。
** 常用to do作定語的情況
1)名詞前有序數詞、最高級所修飾This is the first building to be designed by him.
這是由他設計的第一棟樓房。
They are the first to come, and the last to leave.
他們是最先來而最後離開。
He is the oldest athlete ever to win an Olympic gold medal.
他贏得奧運金牌的年齡最大的運動員。
2) 只能接to do 做賓語的動詞轉化的名詞
⒉ 動名詞作定語表示該名詞的用途,
現在分詞作定語表示該名詞正在進行的動作或存在的狀態。
a reading room (=a room for reading ) 閱覽室(動名詞)
a swimming pool (=a pool for swimming)游泳池(動名詞)
a swimming girl (=a girl who is swimming)在游泳的女孩(現在分詞)
a sleeping car (=a car for sleeping)一節卧車 (動名詞)
a sleeping girl (=a girl who is sleeping)在睡覺的女孩(現在分詞)
⒊ doing作定語,多表示動作正在進行/與謂語動詞同時進行/經常性的動作或狀態;
done作定語,則多表示分詞動作「先於謂語動詞表示的動作」,表「被動」
⑴Did you see the boy dancing with the girl?
= the boy who was dancing with the girl (表正在進行)
⑵There were 50 children returning from school.
= 50 children who were returning from school(表正在進行)
⑶The factory making the cars is a small one.
= The factory which makes the cars (表示經常性)
⑷I live in a house facing the north.
=a house that faces the north (表狀態)
⑸It is the problem left over by history.
= which have been left over by history. (先於謂語動詞的動作、表被動)
⑹He is a leader respected by the people.
= who is respected by the people. (表被動)
⒋ being +done作定語時,表示一個正在進行的、被動的動作
The freeway being built will lead to Xingang Seaport.= which is being built (表正在被修建的)
⒌having + done不能作定語,此時可以用一個定於從句代替
完成作業的那些人現在可以回家了。
誤:Those having finished their homework can go home now.
正:Those who have finished their homework can go home now.
Ⅴ. 作狀語---- to do/ doing/ done:
⒈ doing作狀語往往和邏輯主語之間存在主動關系,表示時間、原因、方式、結果、條件、伴隨情況
Walking down the street, I met an old friend of mine.(時間狀語,walk 和meet 同時發生)
Hearing the cry for help, they all rushed out.(原因狀語,hear 和rush out 幾乎同時發生)
We sat by the window, talking about what had happened.(伴隨狀語,talk 和sit同時發生)
Having brushed my teeth, I came downstairs for breakfast.(時間狀語,brush teeth 在come downstairs 之前發生)`
Thinking it over, you will not take the job.= If you think it over (條件狀語)
Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.(原因狀語,be there在offer之前發生)
⒉ done作狀語表示被動或完成的動作,表示原因、時間、條件、伴隨等。
⑴Encouraged by the teacher, we worked still harder than ever.
( = As we were encouraged by the teacher)
受到老師的鼓勵,我們比以前更努力地學習。(原因狀語)
⑵Considered from this point of view, the question will be of great importance.
( = If it is considered from the point of view)
若從這個角度考慮,那個問題很重要。(條件狀語)
⑶Seen from the hill, the town looks nice.
(= When the town is seen from the hill) (時間狀語)
⑷He turned away disappointed.
( = and he was disappointed) (伴隨狀語)
⒊ to do/ in order to do /so as to do(不於句首)用不定式作目的狀語
I studied hard to pass the exam.為了通過這次考試我努力讀書。
為了強調目的,有時可把不定式放在句首,或在不定式前加。如:
In order to /To be there on time, we got up early.為了按時到那兒,我們起的很早。
He sold them so as to /in order to/ to have money to buy some food.他把它們賣掉是為了有錢買食物。
⒋ (only/ never) to do 表示出人意料的結果。
I came in only to find nobody here.
我走進來,卻發現這兒一個人都沒有。(表意外結果,加only用來強調意外)
He hurried to the station to find the train had gone.
他匆忙趕往車站,結果發現火車開走了。(表意外結果)
The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song.
= and made it the most popular song
全國到處在傳唱這首歌曲,使它成了一首最受人歡迎的歌曲。(沒有意外結果的意思)
⒌ 獨立主格
1) 「名詞(主格代詞)+doing」相當於一個狀語從句,表示條件、原因、結果、伴隨等。
⑴The bus being very crowded, he had to stand.
=As the bus was very crowded…
公共汽車很擠,他只好站著。(表原因)(分詞的邏輯主語是the bus,句子的主語是he)
⑵All the guests having left, we began cleaning up the room.
= After all the guests had left…
所有的客人走了之後,我們開始打掃房間。(表時間)(分詞的邏輯主語是all the guests,句子的主語是we)
⑶ 「Mama!」 she cried suddenly, tears rolling down her cheeks.
= …,and tears rolled down her cheeks.
「媽媽」,她突然哭了,眼淚順著臉頰流下來。(表伴隨)(分詞的邏輯主語是tears,句子的主語是she)
2) 分詞的獨立結構作狀語
assuming
admitting
according to /owing to/judging by/from
considering/seeing/given/allowing for
concerning/regarding
generally speaking
saving/expecting
supposing/providing/provided
talking to/about
Ⅵ. 作補足語----to do/ doing/ done:
⒈ to do作補足語表主動的動作,
doing作補足語表正在進行的動作,
done/to be done作補足語表被動的動作。
Would you like us to go with you?你願意我們和你一起去嗎? (我們去)
She could fell her heart beating violently.她可以感到自己的心跳得很厲害。(心正在跳動)
Please get your baby examined.請讓你的孩子檢查一下。(孩子被檢查)
⒉
感官動詞 do→做了某事 (被動還原 to have/ let 除外)
S.+ + 賓語 + doing→正在做某事 (being done 被動)
使役動詞 done→被動 完成
I saw him crossing the road.
我看到他正在過馬路。(指在馬路中間或過馬路的途中)
I saw him cross the road.
我看見他過了馬路。(指看見他過了馬路這個過程)
I saw him beaten black and blue.
我看到他被打得青一塊紫一塊。(指看見他被打)
**巧記感官動詞和使役動詞----「一感二聽三讓五看」
feel,/ hear, listen to, / let, make, have, /look at, see, , watch, notice, observe
*①以上動詞接to do作賓補時不帶to。被動語態時要還原to
help 後面的to do 做賓補 to 可帶可不帶 *They were made to pay back the money.他們被迫還錢。
He was noticed to leave the office.有人注意到他離開了辦公室。
*②* have +賓語+doing
常和will/would not連用,表示「不允許某人總是或反復地做某事」
I won』t have him speaking to me like that.我不允許他那樣對我講話。
⒊ 要求接帶to 的不定式作其賓補的動詞有:
force, tell, invite, expect, wish, advise, warn, cause, order, encourage, persuade, beg, permit, allow等
He advised me to give up smoking.他建議我戒煙。
We encouraged him to try again.我們鼓勵他再試試。
At the meeting they invited me to speak.在會議上他們邀請我發言。
4. with 復合結構
with + 賓語 + to do (將來, 主動表被動)
with + 賓語 + doing (現在或過去主動, 現在被動:being done)
with + 賓語 + done (過去,被動)
D. 高中英語中有幾大重點語法知識
1 句子結構
2 復合句(定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句)
3 虛擬語氣
4 特殊句式(倒裝句、強調句)
5 省略與插入
6 it 用法
7 非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞、分詞)
其餘的都是初中部分的。供參考。
E. 求高中英語語法知識點總結
以我教語法這么久以來的經驗看,別人給你總結的語法,你學了基本沒用回。語法一定要想辦法自答己總結。總結語法最好的方法,是做單項訓練。比如想了解定語從句,就一口氣做幾百道定語從句的題目。每10道題為一輪,做一次總結。
我舉個例子,你總結了定語從句的5條基本規則,那麼做題的時候如果錯了,就要問自己:這個錯了的題目,是5條里的哪一條?如果不是這10條里的,那麼我就補充進第6條。也就是說,做題的時候,形成自己的「pattern」,所有的題目,都要能歸入你自己的「pattern」。已經在自己pattern里的面的題目,不允許錯。不在自己pattern裡面的題目,就要納入pattern。
這樣總結100題,一個語法點就搞定了。高考大大小小的考點,大約也就是考10個點左右,列舉如下:
詞法:
1,冠詞的用法(主要是類指泛指)
2,代詞的用法
3,定語從句
4,狀語
5,特殊句式:強調句,倒裝句,虛擬語氣
6,名詞性從句:賓語從句,主語從句,表語從句,同位語從句
7,非謂語動詞(大考點:非謂語動詞做定語,做狀語,其他)
每一個知識點建立一個pattern圖,語法就搞定了。搞定語法之後,你的閱讀也會提高很快。
F. 高中英語語法知識。不會的不要來回答,謝謝
given是過去分詞。
本句中having been given是動名詞完成形式的被動形式,在句中作賓語。
該動名詞形式 表示已經發生過的被動。