❶ 英語初一至初二水平,單詞積累:常見,閱讀單詞和語法重點(全部都要)
一、詞法
1、名詞
A)、名詞的數
我們知道名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞,而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式,但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分,復數的構成如下:
一)在後面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o結尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五)以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)單復數相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有復數,沒有單數的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數也可以是復數的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學, family家,家庭成員
九)合成的復數一般只加主要名詞,多數為後一個單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數則同時為復數。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的單復數意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
十一) 單個字母的復數可以有兩種形式直接加s或』s。如:Is (I』s), Ks (K』s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名詞的格
當我們要表示某人的什麼東西或人時,我們就要使用所有格形式。構成如下:
一)單數在後面加』s。如:brother』s, Mike』s, teacher』s
二)復數以s結尾的直接在s後加』,如果不是以s結尾的與單數一樣處理。如:Teachers』 Day教師節, classmates』; Children』s Day六一節, Women』s Day三八節
三)由and並列的名詞所有時,如果是共同所有同一人或物時,只加最後一個』s,但分別擁有時卻分別按單數形式處理。如:Mike and Ben』s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike』s and Ben』s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)
2、代詞
項目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱 單數 I me my mine myself
復數 we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱 單數 you you your yours yourself
復數 you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱 單數 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
復數 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、動詞
A) 第三人稱單數
當動詞是第三人稱單數時,動詞應該像名詞的單數變動詞那樣加s,如下:
一)一般在詞後加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o結尾加es。如:does, goes
五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B) 現在分詞
當我們說某人正在做什麼事時,動詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構成如下:
一)一般在後加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不發音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重讀閉音節結尾且一個母音字母+一個輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最後的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie結尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位於
4、形容詞的級
我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時,則要使用比較或最高級形式。構成如下:
一) 一般在詞後加er或est(如果是以e結尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二)以重讀閉音節結尾且1個母音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結尾的雙寫結尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三) 以輔音字母+y結尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、數詞 (基變序,有規則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它後接th;y結尾,變為i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、句式
1.陳述句
肯定陳述句 a) This is a book. (be動詞)
b) He looks very young. (連系動詞)
c) I want a sweat like this. (實義動詞)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情態動詞)
e) There』s a computer on my desk. (There be結構)
否定陳述句 a) These aren』t their books. b) They don』t look nice.
c) Kate doesn』t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can』t find her doll.
e) There isn』t a cat here. (=There』s no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let』s learn English!
c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句a) Don』t be late. b) Don』t hurry.
3. 疑問句
1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?
d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?
肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.
否定回答: a) No, he isn』t. b) No, you can』t. c) No, she doesn』t. d) No, they don』t. e) No, she isn』t.
2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It』s big./ It』s small.
3) 特殊疑問句
① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is [email protected].
⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 問時間 What』s the time? (=What time is it?) It』s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o』clock.
When do you want to go? Let』s go at 7:00.
⑦ 問地方 Where』s my backpack? It』s under the table.
⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.
What』s your favourite color? It』s black.
⑨ 問人物 Who』s that? It』s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn』t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 問東西 What』s this/that (in English)? It』s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11問姓名 What』s your aunt』s name? Her name is Helen./She』s Helen.
What』s your first name? My first name』s Ben.
What』s your family name? My family name』s Smith.
12 問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 問字母 What letter is it? It』s big D/small f.
14 問價格 How much are these pants? They』re 15 dollars.
15 問電話號碼 What』s your phone number? It』s 576-8349.
16 問謂語(動作) What』s he doing? He』s watching TV.
17 問職業(身份) What do you do? I』m a teacher.
What』s your father? He』s a doctor.
三、時態
1、一般現在時 表示普遍、經常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現在時,它有:
Be 動詞:She』s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn』t a worker.
情態動詞:I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can』t play the piano.
行為動詞:They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don』t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn』t have a watch.
2、現在進行時 表示動詞在此時正在發生或進行就使用進行時態,結構為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I』m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I』m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn』t writing a letter.
They』re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren』t listening to the pop music.
❷ 英語短文改錯常考語法
常考的有,定語從句,非謂語,時態,名詞單復數,代詞,狀語從句等。高中英語語法通霸2017版語法、短文改錯、語法填空、單選選擇四書合一,用著非常方便。
❸ 2013~2014八年級上冊英語期末考試…我這學期有許多不懂的語法和什麼後面跟什麼什麼…唉!為此想
初二英語最主要的應該就是現在完成時態。 has/have done
❹ 我現在初二了,英語語感很好,詞彙量也大,但是覺得語法特別難,覺得語法不怎麼學習也能考好。
我不這么認抄為,我也是一個英語老師,但是我不會很要求學生去理解語法.能大概把結構弄懂就行 .初中沒有必要把語法學得很深奧.只要英語語感.但是到了高中,你可能就會難點,因為高中會更多的側重語法,到時候你學起來可能會吃力點,但是我始終覺得語感好的人不用學那些,我以前好多 同學英語可以考130多,但連主語都分不清,沒有太大關系/
❺ 常見英語語法介紹
時態講解
一、一般現在時主要用於:
1 、表示經常性或習慣性動作。 e.g. It seldom snows here.
2 、表示現在的特徵或狀態。 e.g. He is always ready to help others.
3 、普遍真理。 e.g. Action speaks louder than words.
4 、劇情圖片介紹,背景說明,動作解說。 e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table)
Doctor : What's your trouble, young man?
Tom : I've caught a cold, doctor.
5 、時間、條件、讓步、方式狀語從句表將要發生的動作時。
e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.
與這種時態連用的時間狀語常有: always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。
二、一般過去時主要用於:
1 、表示過去某個時間發生的動作或情況(包括習慣性的動作或狀態)
e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days.
2 、談到過去的情況時 e.g. I didn't know you were so busy.
3 、談到已死人的情況時 e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter.
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常有:
yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引導的時間狀語從句,表示主句動作開始的時間。
三、現在完成時主要用於:
1 、表示到現在為止這一時期中發生的動作或情況,即多次動作的總和。
e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel?
For many days we haven't seen each other.
2 、表示對現在有影響的某一已發生的動作。
e.g. The delegation has left 代表團已經走了(說明現在不在這里) Look, what you have done. 看你乾的事。
與這一時態連用的時間狀語有: already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短語,連詞 since 引導的時間狀語從句。
一般過去時與現在完成時的區別:
一般過去時:重在說明動作在過去發生時的具體情況(時間、地點、方式、對象、細節等)。
現在完成時:只提起已發生的動作(事實)及其影響,不說明動作發生時的具體情況。
cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch?
I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father.
註:現在完成時表達的動作常具有反復性,故下面一句是錯的:
Have you seen the six thirty's news program? 應改為: Did you see the six thirty's news program?
四、現在完成進行時主要用於:表示過去開始的某一動作一直持續到現在,以至延伸到將來,它強調動作延續時間之長久。e.g. I've been writing an article. 我一直在寫一篇文章。(還在寫)
cf. I've written an article. 我寫了一篇文章。(已寫完)
It has been raining these days. 這些天一直在下雨。
五、過去完成時
1 、過去完成時是一個相對時態,表示過去的過去,只有在兩個過去發生的動作相比較時才可顯示出來。
e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
註:主從句表達的動作緊接時,即兩動作發生的時間沒有明顯時間上的懸殊或空檔時,主從句都可用一般過去時。 e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army?
2 、過去完成時可表示截止過去某一時間動作的總或動作的結束。
e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight o'clock, he had finished his homework.
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常有: by 1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等連詞引導的時間狀語從句,表示主句動作結束的時間。
(六)現在進行時主要用於:
1 、表示現在或現階段正在進行的動作。 e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days?
2 、代替一般現在時,表示經常性動作或狀態,而含有某種感情色彩。
e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺怎樣?(顯得親切)
He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功課很好。(贊揚)
You are always boasting. 你老愛吹牛。(厭煩)
3 、動詞 go, come, leave, arrive 等表將要發生的動作時。 e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.
與這種時態連用的時間狀語常有: now, these days, recently, this week 等。
七、過去進行時主要用於: 表示過去某個時刻或階段正在進行的動作。
e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA unit. 那時她在解放軍某部工作。
What were you doing this time yesterday?
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常用: at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。
用 when 引導的時間狀語從句表示主句的動作正在進行的時間。
e.g. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
註:
1 、 while 引導時間狀語從句敘述過去的動作時,從句常用過去進行時。
e.g. I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus.
2 、 when 用作並列連詞,意為「這時」,連接兩分句時,第一句多用過去進行時。
e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in.
一般過去時與過去進行時的區別:
一般過去時:強調過去某一時間開始或完成的動作。
過去進行時:強調過去某一時間正在進行的動作。
試區別下面兩句:
We were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我們在修建一座水庫。(可能尚未建成)
We built a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我們修建了一座水庫。(已經建成)
八、一般將來時主要用於: 表示將要發生的動作或情況
e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own.
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常用: tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。
一般將來時態與其它結構表將來情況的區別:
一般將來時態 :主要從時間的角度表將要發生的動作或情況。
be going to 結構 :①表(主觀上)打算或准備做某事時。 ②表有發生某事的預兆時。
e.g. They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.
據以上區別,故下面一句是錯的:
I am going to be eighteen years old next year. 應改為: I shall be eighteen years old next year.
be about to do sth 結構 :意為「剛要做某事」、「馬上要做某事」強調時間之緊迫性。
e.g. We are about to discuss this problem. 我們將馬上討論這個問題。
be to do sth 結構: 表示按計劃、安排、規定將實施某事或表示註定會發生某事。
e.g. When is the train to leave. All these things are to be answered for.
及物動詞與不及物動詞
英語中按動詞後可否直接跟賓語,可把動詞分成及物動詞與和及物動詞。
1.及物動詞: 字典里詞後標有vt. 的就是及物動詞。及物動詞後必須跟有動作的對象(即賓語),可直接跟賓語。see 看見 (vt.) +賓語 I can see a boy.
2.不及物動詞:字典里詞後標有vi. 的就是不及物動詞。不及物動詞後不能直接跟有動作的對象(即賓語)。若要跟賓語,必須先在其後添加上某個介詞,如to,of ,at後方可跟上賓語。
具體每個動詞後究竟加什麼介詞就得背動詞短語了,如listen to,look at…..
3. 賓語(動作的對象):是名詞或代詞,或相當於名詞的詞或短語(如動名詞)。其它詞不看作動作的對象呢。
4.舉例:「看」
(1)see 看見 (vt.) +賓語 I can see a boy.
(2)look 看 (vi.) x賓語(即不能直接加賓語). Look! She is singing.
Look carefully! (注意:carefully 是副詞,不是名詞,故不作賓語喲)
(3)look at 看…….+賓語 Look at me carefully! (me是代詞,作賓語了)
連系動詞
連系動詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨立作謂語,必須與表語一起構成謂語。
表語通常由名詞、形容詞,或相當於名詞或形容詞的詞或短語等充當,說明主語是什麼或怎麼樣。
一、 連系動詞的類型有:
1. "存在"類:表示存在或具有某種特徵或狀態.這類連系動詞強調"存在"。常見的有:be(是),look(看起來),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、顯得),prove(證明是),smell(聞起來),taste(嘗起來),sound(聽起來)等。例如:
The story sounds true.
Those oranges taste good.
2. "持續"類:表示某種情況或狀態的持續。這類連系動詞強調"持續"。常見的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(繼續、仍舊),stand(處於某狀況或情形)等。例如:
Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.
It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter?
3. "變化"類:表示由一種情況或狀態變化成另一種情況或狀態。這類連系動詞強調"變化"後的情況或狀態.常見的有:become(變成), turn(變成), grow(變得), go(變得)等。例如:
Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.
二、注意事項
1. 有些連系動詞通常不用於被動語態和進行時態中。如:feel, taste等詞。例如:
-Do you like the material?
-Yes, it feels very soft.
2. 一般情況下,連系動詞主要跟形容詞或分詞作表語。例如:
Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car.
3. 能跟名詞作表語的連系動詞常見的有:be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等.注意:turn後跟(表示主語身份的)名詞作表語時,不加冠詞。例如:
Twenty years later, he turned teacher.
The population growth in China remains a problem.
4. 連系動詞也可跟不定式(to do / to be),常見的有:appear, seem, remain, prove, look等。例如:
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.
On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.
終止性動詞與延續性動詞
終止性動詞指不會持續一段時間的動作,即動作在瞬間或短時間內完成。 例如:get arrive 這類動詞不與一段時間連用
終止性動詞:表示不能延續的動作,即動作發生後立即結束。如:begin,arrive, borrow, ...終止性動詞的肯定式是不能持續的,所以不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用,而終止性的否定式就可以和表一段時間的狀語.
一、延續性動詞和終止性動詞的概念
英語中,動詞按其動作發生的方式、動作發生過程的長短,可分為延續性動詞和終止性動詞。
延續性動詞表示能夠延續的動作,這種動作可以延續下去或產生持久影響。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
終止性動詞也稱非延續性動詞、瞬間動詞或短暫性動詞,表示不能延續的動作,這種動作發生後立即結束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延續性動詞的用法特徵
1.延續性動詞可以用於現在完成時,其完成時態可與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。表示"段時間"的短語有:for two years, ring the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自從我來到這兒就學英語了。
2.延續性動詞不能與表示短暫時間的"點時間"狀語連用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(誤) rain為延續性動詞,而at eight表示"點時間",前後顯然矛盾。如果用延續性動詞表示一瞬間的動作,可以藉助come, begin, get等終止性動詞來表示。上句可改為:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、終止性動詞的用法特徵
1.終止性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成,因此可用於現在完成時。如:
The train has arrived.火車到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎?
2.終止性動詞表示的動作極其短暫,不能持續。因此,不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。如:
(1)他死了三年了。
誤:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他來這兒五天了。
誤:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動詞,不能與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。那麼,應如何正確表達呢?可以採用下面的四種方法:
(1)將句中終止性動詞轉換為相應的延續性動詞,如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達方式。下面列舉幾例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)將句中表示"段時間"的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語,如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段時間+since..."表達原意,如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達方式。
(4)用句型"時間+has passed+since..."表達原意,如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達方式。
3.終止性動詞可用於現在完成時否定式中,成為可以延續的狀態,因而可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.終止性動詞的否定式與until/till連用,構成"not+終止性動詞+until/till ..."的句型,意為"直到……才……"。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能離開這里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫,我才上床睡覺。
5.終止性動詞可以用於when引導的時間狀語從句中,但不可以用於while引導的時間狀語從句中。when表示的時間是"點時間"(從句謂語動詞用終止性動詞),也可以是"段時間"(從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞)。而while表示的是一個較長的時間或過程,從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach為終止性動詞)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續性動詞短語)
6.終止性動詞完成時不可與how long連用(只限於肯定式)。如:
誤:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?
❻ 八年級下冊英語考試的重點題型和語法(不要短語)
四種進行時態
態 時 一般 進行 完成 完成進行
現 在 一般現在時 現在進行時 現在完成時 現在完成進行時
過 去 一般過去時 過去進行時 過去完成時 過去完成進行時
將 來 一般將來時 將來進行時 將來完成時 將來完成進行時
過去將來 一般過去將來時 過去將來進行時 過去將來完成時 過去將來完成進行時
▲ 進行時態的構成
時 態 主謂賓
現在進行時 is (am, are) doing
過去進行時 was (were) doing
將來進行時 will be doing
過去將來進行時 would be doing
Be
doing
You are studying English.
You are not studying English.
Are you studying English?
You were studying English.
You were not studying English.
Were you studying English?
You will be studying English.
You will not be studying English.
Will you be studying English?
▲ 現在進行時態和過去進行時態
一般現在時
過去 -------現在--------- 將來
-
現在進行時
1、進行態的暫時性,進行時態與一般時態的比較
● They live
in America.(一貫的)
● They are living
in America.(暫時的)
第二句給我們的感覺是,他們一直住在別的什麼地方,但目前暫住美國。
He
is studying Englishhard.
You do not eat much.
You are not eating much.
●My TV works
well.
我的電視非常好。(一貫的)
●My TVis working well.
我的電視目前很好。(暫時性)
第二句給人的印象是:電視過去工作不正常,最近修了一下,效果很好。
進行時態的感情色彩。
進行態除了表示一個進行的動作以外,更多的是帶有一種「態」,也就是說有一種情態在裡面。注意下面句子的比較:
It rained下雨.
It was raining.
The girl cried哭.
The girl was crying.
Last week I went to the
theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young
man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I
got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the
man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could
not bear it. I turned round again. "I can't hear a word!" I said
angrily.
● Do you know
your wifewas havingdinner with a
guy in the restaurant near our school yesterday evening?
你知道不知道你的老婆昨天晚上和一個小夥子在學校附近的餐館一起吃飯?
註:說話的人沒有用一般過去時,而是用過去進行時態。從這句話
中可以看出他通過進行時態的畫面感,給對方一個親眼看到的感覺,以刺激聽話的人。
▲ 將來進行時態
● I will wait
for you at the airport.
I will be waiting for you at the airport.
第一句用的是一般將來時態,第二句用的是將來進行時態。第二句給人的感覺好像能夠看到說話的人將在機場等待的情景,所以更親切、更踏實。這就是畫面感的效果。我們很難用漢語表達出上面兩句話的不同。
1、進行態的暫時性,進行時態與一般時態的比較
2、進行時態的感情色彩。
時 態 主謂賓
現在進行時 is (am, are) doing
過去進行時 was (were) doing
將來進行時 will be doing
過去將來進行時 would be doing
❼ 求初二上學期英語語法選擇、單項選擇、完形填空的考點與重點
書上的語法、短語是一定會考的,因此必須得去記。
個人認為單詞不版用去強記,就在做練習題權的時候看一看(每個單詞都會在各種練習題中出現很多次的- -不會只出現一次)就會記住了。
——完形填空:完形填空的話,如果遇到不會的單詞,把他留下來,先做自己能做的,注意單詞形式、句子時態,要大致弄懂文章所表達的意思。有時候直接看不出該填什麼,就空著,看下文,一般能找到答案,最後剩下的就是那個不認識的單詞啦。說點不認識單詞的完形填空填的時候的方法【個人理解】: 要看看全文的時態,若全文都是過去式那個不認識的詞結尾都弄成ed,若前面有定冠詞the,(- -初二應該在學最高級吧)那後面的不認識單詞就在前面加上[most ]、[biggest]、[..(副詞最高級)]。做完過後通篇默讀一遍,看看通不通順,是否符合題意(但要看著時間,要不讀完了就只剩下幾分鍾了怎麼行 = =)。
——單項選擇還是考的語法,背好書上的就行。切記:做題要淡定。
❽ 八年級英語語法考點
下邊的那位太不厚道了,我討厭別人復制
新目標八年級下冊中考考點鏈接
【課本要點】there will be … 將有……(P2)
【中考聚焦】Do you know there will __________ English party this Friday. (2006 貴州銅仁)
A. have an B. hold an C. is an D. be an
【考點點撥】D。「There will be …」,是There be結構的一般將來時,表示「……將有……」,相當於There is/are going to be …。根據題意「你知道這個星期五將有一個英語聚會嗎?」和關鍵信息there will可直接選出正確答案為D。
【課本要點】 be able to do … 能/可以做…….(P6)
【中考聚焦】I am afraid that I _________ finish the task in such a short time. Could you help me, please? (2006福建廈門)
A. can B. am not able to C. am going to
【考點點撥】B。be able to意為「能;會」,相當於情態動詞,後面接動詞原形,其否定形式是在be後加not。根據後句題意「你能幫助我嗎」可知「我擔心自己不能在這么段的時間完成這項任務」可選B。
【課本要點】 …. the same … as ……與……一樣(P8)
【中考聚焦】Mrs Green gave birth to Lucy and Lily in 1992. They』re twin sisters. (改為同義句)
Lucy is the _________ age _________ Lily. (2006江蘇鹽城)
【考點點撥】same, as。the same … as是be different from的反義片語,本題由上句「They』re twin sisters」可推知Lucy和Lily年齡相同,所以填same, as。
【課本要點】 for example (P8)
【中考聚焦】Teenagers have all kinds of dreams. _________, some students would like to go to the moon some day. (2006吉林長春)
A. After all B. At once C. In fact D. For example
【考點點撥】D。for example意為「例如」,用來舉例說明某一論點或情況,一般只舉同類人或物中的「一個/些」為例,作插入語,可位於句首,句中或句末。分析比較四個選項,分別意為「畢竟」、「立刻;馬上」、「事實上」、「例如」,根據題意「青少年有各種各樣的夢,例如一些學生想有一天能去月球」可選出正確答案為D。
【課本要點】 It』s … to do …(P8)
【中考聚焦】It' s a good habit _______ breakfast every day. (2006陝西省)
A. had B. have C. has D. to have
【考點點撥】D。動詞不定式用作主語時,常用it作形式主語,而把動詞不定式放在後面,構成「It』s +adj./n. +to do…」句式,這樣可以使句子避免頭重腳輕。就本題而言,由關鍵詞it』s即可確定正確答案為D。
【課本要點】 there be … doing …(P8)
【中考聚焦】-Is Jim at home by himself?
-No. There』s another boy _________ with him. (2004江蘇揚州)
A. playing B. play C. plays D. to play
【考點點撥】A。There be sb./sth. doing sth.句式是「there be +主語+地點狀語」的變體,在主語後面加動詞的-ing形式,表示該動詞的動作目前或現階段正在進行,可譯為「有某人或某物正在做某事」。本題由語境「還有另一個男孩和他(在家)玩」可選出正確答案為A。
【課本要點】 would like to do … 想要做…… (P8)
【中考聚焦】Would you like _________ swimming with me? (2005湖南常德)
A. go B. going C. to go D. goes
【考點點撥】C。would like意為「想要、願意」,用來表示意願,相當於want,但比want語氣委婉,後面要接動詞不定式。故選C。
【課本要點】want sb. to do … 想要某人做…… (P10)
【中考聚焦】You are so busy. What do you want me ________ for you? (2006重慶市實驗區)
A. do B. done C. to do D. doing
【考點點撥】C。want sb. to do …表示「想要某人做某事」,其中動詞不定式在句中作賓語補足語。本題中的四個選項是do 的四種形式,根據題意「你太忙了,你想讓我為你做什麼?」可選出正確答案為C。
【課本要點】 pay for … 付款/賠償……(P12)
【中考聚焦】How much did you pay for the sweater? (詞語釋義) (2006遵義市)
A. cost B. spend on C. take
【考點點撥】B。劃線部分pay for是「花費」的意思,主語為人,三個選項也都可以表示「花費」,區別是:cost的主語是物;spend的主語是人,take常用於It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 句型,其中it為形式主語,真正的主語是動詞不定式。故正確答案為B。
【課本要點】 No, I don』t think so. 不,我不這樣認為。(P12)
【中考聚焦】-Excuse me, is this seat taken?
-___________.That man got his books and left a few minutes ago. (2005江西省課改實驗區)
A. I』m afraid so B.I don』t think so C.I don』t know D.I hope not
【考點點撥】B。I don』t think so是表達個人看法的用語,多用在表示不同意別人的觀點,其肯定形式是「I think so」,意為」我認為如此」。根據語境可知B選項為正確答案,而其它的三個選項都不符合題意。注意如果A選項是I』m afraid not.也對)
【課本要點】 tell sb. to do …告訴某人做……(P13)
【中考聚焦】-My parents always tell me _________ others late at night.
-They』re right. It』s not polite. (2006福建福州課改區)
A. call B. not call C. to call D. not to call
【考點點撥】D。tell sb. to do …表示「告訴某人做……」,其否定形式是直接在動詞不定式to do 前加not表示「告訴某人不要做……」。由下文「他們是對是,那是不禮貌的」可知「父母總是告訴我在晚上不要給別人打電話」,故選D
【課本要點】 find out … 查明……(P14)
【中考聚焦】I』ll have a meeting in Shanghai tomorrow. Would you mind _________ the time for all the flights to Shanghai for me? (2006南寧市課改區)
A. looking for B. looking after C. finding out D. finding
【考點點撥】C。分析四個選項,look for意為「尋找」,look after意為「照料、照看」,find out意為「查明、弄清楚」,指通過觀察、探索而發現事實的真相,而find意為「找到」。根據題意「我明天在上海將有一個會議,你介意為我查一下去上海的航班嗎?」可選出正確答案為C。
【課本要點】get on well 相處得好……(P15)
【課本要點】【中考聚焦】Good manners usually help people to __________ each other. (2006黑龍江哈爾濱)
A. get on well with B. get started C. get together
【考點點撥】A。get on well是「相處得好」,與get along well同義,表示「與……相處得好」時,要在後面加介詞with。根據題意「好的禮儀通常幫助人們彼此相處得很好」可選出正確答案為A。
【課本要點】 not … until … 直到……才……(P16)
【中考聚焦】-It』s 10 o』clock now. I must go.
-It』s raining outside. Don』t leave _____ it stops. (2006湖北孝感)
A. when B. since C. while D. until
【考點點撥】D。本題四個選項都可以引導時間狀語從句,由關鍵詞don』t可選出正確答案為D。not … until意為「直到……才……」,用來引導時間狀語時,從句不能用一般將來時。
【課本要點】 see .... doing … 看見……做……(P16)
【中考聚焦】-Where』s Mr. Yu, do you know?
-Well, it』s hard to say. But I saw him ________ a football game just now. (2006河南省課改區)
A. was watching B. watching C. had watched D. watched
【考點點撥】B。see sb. doing sth.表示「看見某人正在做某事」,強調動作正在進行;而see sb. do sth.表示「看見某人做過某事」,強調動作的全過程。由題意「我剛才看見他正在看足球賽」可選B。
【課本要點】find it … to do … 發現做…..是……的(P16)
【中考聚焦】I find ________ difficult to finish the work on time. We only have three hours left. (2006吉林長春)
A. it B. that C. its D. this
【考點點撥】A。 「find+ it+形容詞+to do sth.」表示」發現做某事是……的」,其中it是形式賓語,而正在賓語的是後面的動詞不定式,形容詞在句中作賓語補足語。由關鍵信息find和diffiuclt to finish可確定正確答案為A。
【課本要點】 take place …. 發生……(P22)
【中考聚焦】Great changes _________ the last three years. (2005湖北黃岡)
A. have taken place B. have been taken place
C. have happened D. have been happened
【考點點撥】A。happen和take place都可以表示「發生」,其區別是:前者往往帶有偶然的意味;如果表示「某人發生了什麼事或某物發生了什麼情況」時,用happen to sb./ sth;而後者常用於表示某些歷史事件或會議等按意圖、計劃的發生。認真分析題意,由「發生的變化」是「有計劃的」,可排除C、D選項;因tale place沒有被動語態,故正確答案是A。
【課本要點】be supposed to do … 應該做……(P28)
【中考聚焦】To keep safe, everyone _________ to wear a seat belt in the car. (2006遼寧十一課改區)
A. is supposed B. supposes C. supposed D. will suppose
【考點點撥】A。be supposed to的意思是「應該做某事」、「被期望做某事」,其後接動詞原形,相當於be expected to do sth.;用在否定句中表示命令、禁止,意為「不準做某事」。四個選項是suppose的四種形式,根據題意「為了保持安全,乘車時每個人都應該戴上安全帶」可選出正確答案為A。
【課本要點】 be good at/ do well in … 擅長……;在……方面做得好(P29)
【中考聚焦】The tallest boy does well in playing table tennis. (詞語釋義) (2006河北遵義)
A. is good at B. is interested in C. likes
【考點點撥】A。be good at與do well in同義,都是「在……方面好;擅長;善於」的意思,後面接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式。比較選項可直接選A。
【課本要點】Don』t do …. 不要做……(P36)
【中考聚焦】_________ drive so fast! It』s dangerous. (2006重慶江津)
A. Not B. Don』t C. No
【考點點撥】B。Don』t do …是否定形式的祈使句,用來表示「不要做……」。本題由關鍵信息「It』s very dangerous.」可知「你不要開車太快」,故正確答案為B。
【課本要點】 Me, too.(P36)
【中考聚焦】-I』ll go to the West Lake this weekend. What about you?
- . Let's go together. (2006江蘇鹽城)
A. No, I won』t B. I won』t go C. Me, too D. Sorry, I'm busy
【考點點撥】C。「Me, too.」表示「我也是」,用來表達和對方相同的想法或做法的常用語。根據題意「我將這個周末將去西湖,你呢?」「我也是,讓我們一起吧!」可選出正確答案為C。
【課本要點】 too much… 太多的……(P39)
【中考聚焦】Health is very important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit instead of __________ rich food. (2006黑龍江哈爾濱)
A. too much B. much too C. very much
【考點點撥】A。too much意為「太多」,用來修飾不可數名詞;而much too的含義是「(實在)太……」,用來修飾形容詞和副詞。分析比較三個選項,由題中的關鍵信息rich food可知正確答案為A。
【課本要點】Would you mind doing …? 你介意做……嗎?(P52)
【中考聚焦】-Would you mind my smoking here?
-__________ It』s not allowed here. (2006河北遵義)
A. Of course not. B. Better not. C. Yes, please.
【考點點撥】B。表示有禮貌的請求時常用「Would you mind…?」句式,用以詢問「你介意…嗎?」,請求對方不要做某事,用Would you mind + not doing sth?。同意(不介意)對方做某事時,常用的回答有No, please. / Certainly not. / No, not at all. / Of course not;不同意(介意)對方做某事時,常用的回答有Sorry, but I do. / Yes, you』d better not.。故本題選B。需要注意的是,mind後面接動詞時應用動詞-ing形式,如:
Would you mind ________ more slowly? I can』t follow you. (2006吉林省課改區)
A. speak B. spoke C. spoken D. speaking (答案為D)
【課本要點】 turn down 關小/調低……(P54)
【中考聚焦】 Kate, could you _________ the radio a bit? Your father is sleeping now. (2006安徽省課改區)
A. turn down B. turn off C. turn up D. turn on
【考點點撥】A。turn down意為「開小一點、調低」,通常指把收音機的音量等開小或調低,其反意片語是turn up,表示「開大、調高」 ;而turn off意為「關掉」,通常指關住電燈、煤氣或其他家用電器等,與turn on互為反義詞。根據由下文「你的父親正在睡覺」可排除C、D;另由a bit可舍B選A。需要注意的是,這些短語都屬於「動詞+副詞」型,後面接名詞或代詞作賓語;若賓語是代詞時,要把代詞置於它們之間。
【課本要點】that』s no problem. 沒有問題。(P54)
【中考聚焦】-Would you please bring your CDs bought in HongKong to me tomorrow? I』d like to have a look.
-_________. I will introce something to you. (2006包頭課改區)
A. Not at all B. No problem C. No way D. Never mind
【考點點撥】B。That』s no problem.還可以說成No problem.,意為「沒問題」,用來接受他人的請求。四個選項分別意為「一點也不」、「沒問題」、「決不」、「不介意」,結合題意「明天把你在香港買的CDs給我帶來,好嗎?我想看一看。」可知正確答案為B。
【課本要點】too … to … 太……而不能……(P63)
【中考聚焦】-This box is ________ heavy for me to carry. Can you help me?
-Certainly. (2006 湖北武漢課改區) 。
A. so B. much C. very D. too
【考點點撥】D。too…to …從形式上看是肯定的,但表達的卻是否定的意義,意為「太……而不能」,其中第一個too的後面接形容詞或副詞的原形,而第二個to的後面接動詞原形,構成動詞不定式。本題由關鍵信息to carry可排除A、B、C,選D。題意為「這個箱子太重了,我搬不動」。
【課本要點】 take care of … 照顧/照料……(P64)
【中考聚焦】「Jenny, please _________ your young sister carefully.」 「OK, Mum.」 (2006貴陽課改區)
A. take after B. take care of C. take from
【考點點撥】B。四個選項都含有take,分別意為「象」、「照看」、「減少,;降低」,根據題意「Jenny,請仔細地照看好你的妹妹」可知正確答案為B。
【課本要點】 Why don』t you do …? 為什麼不做……?(P66)
【中考聚焦】Why don』t you join us in the game? (詞語釋義) (2006內蒙古赤峰)
A. What not B. Why not C. Why to D. How to
【考點點撥】B。why don』t you do…是「你為什麼不做……?」的意思,相當於why not,後面接動詞時要用動詞原形。故本題可直接選B。
【搜索】(P67)
【中考聚焦】-What about having a drink?
-_________. (20063青海省)
A. Good idea B. Help yourself C. Me, too
【考點點撥】A。What about doing …?意思是「做……怎麼樣?」,常用來提建議,肯定回答多用good idea/all right等。分析比較三個選項,可選A。
【課本要點】have been to … 到過……(P68)
【中考聚焦】-I _________ Fujian Museum twice. How about you?
-Never. I hop to visit it soon. (2006福建福州課改區)
A. have gone B. have been to C. have gone D. have been
【考點點撥】B。have / has been to表示「曾經去過某地,現已回到說話處」;have / has gone to表示「已經去了某地,現在不在說話處」。由關鍵詞twice可知題意為「我去過兩次加拿大」,故正確答案為B。因為Fujian Museum是專有名詞,to不能省略,所以D錯誤。
【課本要點】have been done … 已經做過……(P70)
【中考聚焦】China』s sport stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang _____ Goodwill Ambassadors(親善大使) for Shanghai. (2006江蘇徐州)
A. has been named B. have been named C. has name D. have named
【考點點撥】B。現在完成時的被動語態的構成為「助動詞have/ has+been+及物動詞的過去分詞」。由題意「中國的體育明星姚明和劉翔已被命名為上海的親善大使」可知be named 意思是「被命名為」,時態為現在完成時。故選B。
【課本要點】 I hope so. 我希望如此。(P77)
【中考聚焦】-Do you think it will be cool tomorrow?
-_________. It has been too hot for a week. (2006湖南衡陽)
A. I hope so B. I』m afraid so C. I hope not
【考點點撥】A。四個選項都含有so,分別意為「我希望如此」、「我擔心是這樣的」、「我希望不是這樣」,根據下文「一周來天氣真是太熱了」可知「我希望明天會涼快些」,故選A。
【課本要點】 What do you think of …? 你認為……怎麼樣?(P79)
【中考聚焦】-What do you ________ your hometown?
-I love it very much. (2006湖南長沙)
A. look at B. talk about C. think of
【考點點撥】C。What do you think of …?意為「你認為……怎麼樣?」,用來詢問對方對某人或某事的看法或觀點。其中think of是「想起;認為」的意思,後面接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式。
由答語「我非常喜歡它」可知上句是詢問你對你的家鄉的看法,故正確答案為C。
❾ 八年級上冊英語期末考試重點是哪幾個單元有沒有重中之重,考試必考的短語和語法好的加分.下血本了!
= -我考了,重點復567單元,前面的1、2單元沒怎麼考啊,語法重點的是被動語態、感嘆句、現在完成時,這三個我考試都考了·-·,泥煤的,我考的很悲催!!!