❶ 初二上冊英語重點語法有哪些
不持之以恆,英語就學不會,這是因為英語是一門十分注重積累的學科。如果能接受這個觀點,那你就要持之以恆,否則學習無效………………我是一個高考的過來人。首先我想請閣下明白一個道理:英語很差不可怕,可怕的是你從一開始便接受自己是一個英語差生的「事實」!!!!!雖然我高考已經好多年了,而且今年即將大學畢業,踏入社會。但英語一直沒有丟,英語一直是我的排頭兵!我對英語的自信還有,我覺得學好英語不難,重要的是你要有恆心,急躁冒進,三天打漁兩天曬網都是不行的。在這里我就毛遂自薦一下我的學習方法吧: 首先先你要端正心態,不要急躁,不管別人考多少分,你做你自己的事,這樣才能靜下心來學習。要成為英語高手就必須比別人走更多的路,做更多的事。你應該明白一個事實,英語是單詞和語法的綜合,所以單詞和語法都要拿下。 其次,對於單詞,有如下幾種方法,第一個,是加強記憶的頻度,也就是說,早上記了幾個,隔幾個小時又看一次,總之一天之內,記憶的間隔不要太長,否則你辛苦積累的記憶會隨著時間的延長而淡化,第二個,是可以根據自己的理解編順口溜,比如good morning 是狗摸你…(見笑了)…,第三個,最重要的是,記單詞的時候,不要忘了閱讀,一邊記單詞,一邊看文章,這樣可以把孤立的單詞串聯起來,記憶的效果會加倍,第四個。我建議你記單詞要分門別類記憶,要形成一個意群,比如,重要性用magnitude magnificence ,表示非常,大大地有exceedingly,tremendously,extremely……這樣做在你寫作時,是十分有好處的,寫作時不要盡寫一些低級詞彙,你要寫高級詞彙,比如重要性寫magnitude,許多寫a multitude of 或者handsome。再次,是語法。學習語法,首先要明白什麼是主謂賓定狀補,什麼是系動詞,什麼是直接賓語,間接賓語,這些是學習語法的基礎,語法是房子,主謂賓定狀補等是沙石磚瓦 此外,對於完形填空以及閱讀理解,那就只能靠平時的練習了,在這個過程中,你要時時總結,縱深對比,千萬不要陷入題海戰術只做題,不總結的誤區當中。在做題的過程中,你把各種體型都總結了一遍,積累了豐富的經驗,而且你還提升了自己的閱讀速度,一舉兩得,所以做題是很重要的!其實,完形填空無非就是單項選擇加語境分析,也就是說,做完形填空你的語法要好,而且你要積累比較多的固定搭配,短語,特殊用法等,完形填空的語法還是很重要的!對於閱讀,我個人感覺是,純粹是個人經驗積累多少的問題,只有保證一定的練習量,你才能用質的提高!最後,我建議你,平時讀報,或者做題的時候,發現有好的句子好的詞彙,你要抄下來,長期下來,你的作文會有提高的,需要說明的是,這個提高過程可能很緩慢,但是最後能收到很好的效果,以前25分的作文我都能保證在21-23這個級別,靠的就是對語法的熟練掌握和積累了許多較高級的詞彙,句型,句子。我個人的理解是,在你的語法達到基本不會出錯的程度上,作文便應該以詞彙取勝,因為在這個層次上,大家的語法都差不多,沒什麼變化,唯一有變化的就是你的詞彙!給你打個比方吧,很多想到「許多」就用many,但是你別忘了many a ;handsome;massive,innumerable;很多人想到「專家」就寫expert,但很少人會想到specialist,很多人在想到「擅長」這詞,就寫be good at ,卻不知還有更高級的表達法:be expert at 或者excel in ……高手和庸才,就體現在這些細微的差別
❷ 初二上學期英語語法全部
1) leave的用法
1.「leave+地點」表示「離開某地」。例如:
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什麼時候離開上海的?
2.「leave for+地點」表示「動身去某地」。例如:
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五,愛麗斯要去倫敦了。
3.「leave+地點+for+地點」表示「離開某地去某地」。例如:
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你為什麼要離開上海去北京?
2) 情態動詞should「應該」學會使用
should作為情態動詞用,常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等,有「竟會」的意思,例如:
How should I know? 我怎麼知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什麼來得這么晚?
should有時表示應當做或發生的事,例如:
We should help each other.我們應當互相幫助。
我們在使用時要注意以下幾點:
1. 用於表示「應該」或「不應該」的概念。此時常指長輩教導或責備晚輩。例如:
You should be here with clean hands. 你應該把手洗干凈了再來。
2. 用於提出意見勸導別人。例如:
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感覺不舒服,你最好去看醫生。
3. 用於表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現的考點之一。例如:
We should arrive by supper time. 我們在晚飯前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她隨時都可能來。
3) What...? 與 Which...?
1. what 與 which 都是疑問代詞,都可以指人或事物,但是what僅用來詢問職業。如:
What is your father? 你父親是干什麼的?
該句相當於:
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范圍內的某一個人。如:
---Which is Peter? 哪個是皮特?
---The boy behind Mary. 瑪麗背後的那個男孩。
2. What...?是泛指,所指的事物沒有范圍的限制;而 Which...?是特指,所指的事物有范圍的限制。如:
What color do you like best? (所有顏色)
你最喜愛什麼顏色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范圍)
你最喜愛哪一種顏色?
3. what 與 which 後都可以接單、復數名詞和不可數名詞。如:
Which pictures are from China?
哪些圖片來自中國?
4) 頻度副詞的位置
1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些:
always(總是,一直)
usually(通常)
often(常常,經常)
sometimes(有時候)
never(從不)
2.頻度副詞的位置:
a.放在連系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞後面。如:
David is often arrives late for school.
大衛上學經常遲到。
b.放在行為動詞前。如:
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.
我們每天經常在7:10去上學。
c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾,用來表示強調。如:
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.
有時我步行回家,有時我騎自行車。
3.never放在句首時,主語、謂語動詞要倒裝。如:
Never have I been there.
5) every day 與 everyday
1. every day 作狀語,譯為「每一天」。如:
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我們每天7:10去上學。
I decide to read English every day.
我決定每天讀英語。
2. everyday 作定語,譯為「日常的」。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚飯後在電視上看日常英語。
What's your everyday activity?
你的日常活動是什麼?
6) 什麼是助動詞
1.協助主要動詞構成謂語動詞片語的詞叫助動詞(Auxiliary Verb)。被協助的動詞稱作主要動詞(Main Verb)。
助動詞自身沒有詞義,不可單獨使用,例如:
He doesn't like English. 他不喜歡英語。
(doesn't是助動詞,無詞義;like是主要動詞,有詞義)
2.助動詞協助主要動詞完成以下功用,可以用來:
a. 表示時態,例如:
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已結婚。
b. 表示語態,例如:
He was sent to England. 他被派往英國。
c. 構成疑問句,例如:
Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學生活嗎?
Did you study English before you came here?你來這兒之前學過英語嗎?
d. 與否定副詞not合用,構成否定句,例如:
I don't like him. 我不喜歡他。
e. 加強語氣,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。
He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。
3.最常用的助動詞有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do
1.forget to do 忘記要去做某事。 (未做)
forget doing 忘記做過某事。 (已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
辦公室的燈還在亮著,它忘記關了。(沒有做關燈的動作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘記他已經關了燈了。 ( 已做過關燈的動作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
別忘了明天來。 (to come動作未做)
典型例題
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案:C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著,即關燈的動作沒有發生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示燈已經關上了,而自己忘記了這一事實。此處不符合題意。
2.remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 記得做過某事 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
記著放學後去趟郵局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?
8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用於表示事物的特徵特點,表示客觀形式的形容詞,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學兩門外語是很難的。
2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態度的形容詞,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我,你真是太好了。
3.for 與of 的辨別方法:
用介詞後面的代詞作主語,用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語,造個句子。如果道理上通順用of,不通則用for。如:
You are nice. (通順,所以應用of)。
He is hard. (人是困難的,不通,因此應用for。)
9) 對兩個句子的提問
新目標英語在命題中有將對句子劃線提問這一題型取消的趨勢,現在採取的作法是對一個句子進行自由提問。例如:
句子:The boy in blue has three pens.
提問:1.Who has three pens?
2.Which boy has three pens?
3.What does the boy in blue have?
4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很顯然,學生多了更多的回答角度,也體現了考試的靈活性。再如:
句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提問:1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such與不定冠詞的使用
1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構為「so+形容詞+a/an+名詞」。如:
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構為「such+a/an+形容詞+名詞」。如:
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
11) 使用-ing分詞的幾種情況
1.在進行時態中。如:
He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be結構中。如:
There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems結構中。如:
We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介詞後面。如:
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball.
5.在以下結構中:
enjoy doing sth 樂於做某事
finish doing sth 完成做某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
forget doing sth 忘記做過某事
go on doing sth 繼續做某事
remember doing sth 記得做過某事
like doing sth 喜歡做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 發現某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/聽到/觀看某人做某事
try doing sth 試圖做某事
need doing sth 需要做某事
prefer doing sth 寧願做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
practice doing sth 練習做某事
be busy doing sth 忙於做某事
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
miss doing sth 錯過做某事
12) 英語中的「單數」
1.主語的第三人稱單數形式,即可用「he, she, it」代替的。如:
he, she, it
my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名詞有單數名詞和復數名詞。如:
man(單數)---men(復數) banana(單數)---bananas(復數)
3.動詞有原形,第三人稱單數形式,-ing分詞,過去式,過去分詞。如:
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
當主語為第三人稱單數的時候,謂語動詞必須用相應的第三人稱單數形式。如:
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
12) 英語中的「單數」
1.主語的第三人稱單數形式,即可用「he, she, it」代替的。如:
he, she, it
my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名詞有單數名詞和復數名詞。如:
man(單數)---men(復數) banana(單數)---bananas(復數)
3.動詞有原形,第三人稱單數形式,-ing分詞,過去式,過去分詞。如:
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
當主語為第三人稱單數的時候,謂語動詞必須用相應的第三人稱單數形式。如:
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
❸ 初二上英語的語法歸類 求詳細
[人教版]新目標英語八年級上冊知識要點
Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
重點語法:頻率副詞
詢問別人做某事的頻繁程度
提問用 How often 引導特殊疑問句
回答用 always, sometimes, twice a day 等頻率副詞。
例句:A: How often do you watch TV?(你多長時間看一次電視?)
B: I watch TV every day.(我每天都看電視。)
A: What's your favorite program?(你最喜歡的節目是什麼?)
B: It's Animal World.(是《動物世界》。)
A: How often do you watch it?(你多長時間看一次這個節目?)
Unit 2 What's the matter?
重點語法:詢問別人如何感覺
了解人體器官和部位的英文名稱
了解一些常見病的英文名稱
告訴別人應該怎樣做和不應該怎樣做
例句:A: What's the matter?(怎麼了?)
B: I'm not feeling well.(我感覺不舒服。)I have a cold.(我感冒了。)
A: When did it start?(什麼時候開始的?)
B: About two days ago.(大約兩天前開始的。)
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
重點語法:用現在進行時態表示一般將來時態
強調某個動作已經計劃好即將按照計劃去執行
例句:A: What are you doing for vacation, Lin Hui?(林輝,放假准備干什麼呢?)
B: I'm going to Tibet for a week.(我要去西藏旅遊一周。)
A: That sounds interesting!(這聽起來很有趣。)
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
重點語法:詢問別人做某事的方式
用 How 引導特殊疑問句
其回答有多種方式,其中一種結構是 by doing sth. 或 by sth. 的結構。
詢問兩地的距離用 how far 引導特殊疑問句
回答用 be + (distance) + [away] + from 的結構。
例句:A: How do you get to school?(你如何去上學?)
B: I take the subway.(我乘地鐵去上學。)
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
重點語法:詢問並請求某人做某事
例句:A: Hey, Dave.(你好,戴夫。)Can you go to the movies on Saturday?(周六你能去看電影嗎?)
B: I'm sorry, I can't.(對不起,我不能去。)I have too much homework this weekend.(這個周末我有太多作業要做。)
Unit 6 I'm more outgoing than my sister.
重點語法:在兩件或多件事物中進行比較
使用形容詞的比較級和最高級
例句:A: Lin Ping is my friend. (Lin Ping 是我的朋友。)She's a little more outgoing than me.(她比我性格要活潑開朗一些。)
B: My friend is the same as me.(我的朋友跟我一樣。)We are both quiet.(我們都很靜。)
Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk shake?
重點語法:描述一個過程
服從別人的指令
詢問做某事的過程用 how 引導特殊疑問句
分步回答用 first(首先), next(接著), then(然後), finally(最後) 等時間副詞引導從句。
例句:A: How do you make fruit salad?(如何做水果沙拉?)
B: First cut up three bananas, three apples and a watermelon.(首先切三個香蕉、三個蘋果和一個西瓜。)
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
重點語法:一般過去時態
結構:主語 + 謂語動詞的過去式 + 賓語
談論過去發生的事情用一般過去時態
do/does 的一般過去時態形式:did
例句:Last week I visited my aunt's house.(上個星期我去我姑姑家玩了。)She lives in California.(她住在加利福尼亞州。)The weather was beautiful.(那兒的天氣很好。)I went swimming.(我去游泳了。)
Unit 9 When was he born?
重點語法:一般過去時態
談論著名人物
例句:A: How long did Charles Smith hiccup?(查理斯?史密斯打嗝了多長時間?)
B: He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.(他打嗝了 69 年零 5 個月。)
A: When did he start hiccupping?(他什麼時候開始打嗝的?)
B: He started in 1922.(他從 1922 年就開始打嗝了。)
Unit 10 I'm going to be a basketball player.
重點語法:一般將來時態
do/does 的兩種一般將來時態形式:will do;be going to do
兩種形式的區別:will do 強調事情尚未計劃好而即將做
be going to do 強調事情已計劃好並將按照計劃來做
本單元重點強調 be going to do 的形式。
例句:A: What are you going to do next year?(明年你准備幹些什麼?)
B: Well, I'm going to take guitar lessons.(我明年要上吉他音樂課。)I really love music.(我很喜歡音樂。)
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
重點語法:委婉請求別人做某事
引導詞用 can, shall, will 等情態動詞的過去時態
例句:A: Could I please use your computer?(我能用一下你的電腦嗎?)
B: Sorry. I'm going to work on it now.(對不起,我正在忙著用電腦。)
A: Well, could I watch TV?(那麼,我能看電視嗎?)
B: Yes, you can.(是,你可以看電視。)But you have to clean your room.(但是是在你打掃完房間之後。)
Unit 12 What's the best radio station?
重點語法:在各事物間進行比較
用形容詞的原形、比較級和最高級
例句:A: Hello! I'm a reporter.(你好,我是記者。)Can I ask you some questions?(我能問你一些問題嗎?)
B: Sure.(當然可以。)
希望能幫到你啊!
❹ 英語初二上學期語法
新目標八年級上冊英語語法知識點精講+練習
(一)一般將來時
一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或者存在的狀態。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用,如tomorrow, theday after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。
be going to do (動詞原形)結構:表示打算、准備做的事情或者肯定要發生的事情。如:It is goingto rain.
will do 結構表示將來的用法:
1. 表示預見
Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest.
2. 表示意圖
I will borrow a book from our schoollibrary tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本構成如下:
一般疑問句構成:
(1)will+主語+do…? Will Sarahcome to visit me next Sunday?
(2)there be 結構的一般疑問句:Will there +be …?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will./ No, there won』t
否定句構成:will + not (won』t)+do
Sarah won』t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑問句構成:
特殊疑問詞+will+主語+…?What willSarah do next Sunday?
★★練一練★★
根據例句,用will改寫下列各句
例:I don』t feel well today.(be better tomorrow)
I』ll be better tomorrow.
1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot ofhomework tonight)
_____________________________
2. I』m tired now. (sleep later)
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon)
_____________________________
4. We can』t leave right now. (leave alittle later)
_____________________________
5. The weather is awful today. (be bettertomorrow)
_____________________________
答案:1. She』llhave a lot of homework tonight.
2. I』ll sleep later.
3. They』ll buy one soon.
4. We』ll leave a little later.
5. Maybe it』ll be better tomorrow.
(二)should的用法:
should用來提出建議和忠告,後邊加動詞原形,否定句直接在should後邊加not.
例如:I think you should eatless junk food.
我認為你應該少吃垃圾食品。
She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So Ithink she should walk a lot.
她經常開車,很少走路。所以我認為她應該多走路。
Students shouldn』t spend too much timeplaying computer games.
學生們不應當花太多的時間玩計算機游戲。
學習向別人提建議的幾種句式:
(1)I think youshould…
(2)Well, youcould…
(3)Maybe youshould …
(4)Why don』t you…?
(5)What aboutdoing sth.?
(6)You』d betterdo sth.
★★練一練★★
用should或shouldn』t填空
1. I can』t sleep the night before exams.
You ______ take a warm shower before you goto bed.
2. Good friends ______ argue each other.
3. There is little milk in the glass. We_______ buy some.
4. They didn』t invite you? Maybe you ______be friendlier.
5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I_______ do exercises every day.
答案:1. should 2. shouldn』t 3. should 4. should 5. should
(三)過去進行時
過去進行時表示過去某一點時間正在進行的動作或者過去某一段時間內一直進行的動作。
1. 構成
was /were + doing,例如:
I was watching TV at 9 o』clock last night.
at 9 o』clock last night是時間點
They were playing football all afternoon.
all afternoon是時間段
2. 過去進行時的標志詞
at 8 o』clock last night, this timeyesterday等。例如:
I was having lunch at home this timeyesterday.
昨天的這個時候我正在吃午飯。
At that time she was writing a book.
那陣子她在寫一本書。(表示她在那段時間里一直在做那件事情。)
★★練一練★★
用括弧中所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. This time yesterday I ____ ______(read)books.
2. At 9 o』clock last Sunday they ____________(have)a party.
3. When I _____(come)into theclassroom, she ________ ______(read)a storybook.
4. She _____ ______(play)computer
games while her mother ____ ______(cook)yesterday
afternoon.
5. I _____ ______(have)a shower whenyou _______(call)me yesterday.
答案:1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading
4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called
(四)間接引語
形成步驟:
(1)不要逗號,冒號,引號
(2)要考慮到人稱的變化(人稱的變化與漢語是一致的)
(3)要考慮時態的變化
(4)要考慮時間狀語、地點狀語和語示代詞的變化。
1. 直接引語變成間接引語時,幾個主要時態的變化規律
直接引語間接引語一般現在時一般過去時一般將來時過去將來時現在進行時過去進行時
2. 直接引語變成間接引語時,一些詞彙的變化規律
直接引語 1. am / is 2. are 3. have / has4. will5. can6. may間接引語1. was2. were 3. had4. would5. could6. might
★★練一練★★
用括弧中所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. She said I _____(be)hard-working.
2. Peter told me he _____(be)boredyesterday.
3. She said she _____(go)swimming lastSunday.
4. Bobby said he _____(may)call melater.
5. Antonio told me he _____(read)a book then.
答案:1. was 2. was 3.went 4. might 5. was reading
請轉述他人說的話:
1. I go to the beach every Saturday. (Tom)
2. I can speak three languages. (Lucy)
3. I will call you tomorrow. (Mike)
4. I』m having a surprise party for Lana. (she)
(五)if引導的條件狀語從句
結構:if+一般現在時,主語+將來時
含義:如果……,將要……
例如:If you askhim, he will help you.
如果你請求他,他會幫助你。
If need be, we』ll work all night.
如果需要,我們就干個通宵。
★★練一練★★
根據中文提示,完成句子。
1. 如果你參加聚會,你將會過得很開心。
If you ________ the party, you __________.
2. 如果明天下雨,我們將不去野餐。
If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.
3. 如果你經常聽英文歌,你將會喜歡英語的。
If you often ________, you_________________.
答案:
1. If you go to the party, you will have agood time
2. If it rains tomorrow, we won』t go to thepicnic
3. If you often listen to English songs,you』ll like English
二. 完形填空特點及解題思路
(一)題型分類與特點
完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個詞,留下一些空格,要求考生藉助短文保留的部分,從所給的短文整體出發,在正確理解短文意思的基礎上,根據句子和句子間的內在聯系、詞的用法和習慣搭配等,用適當的詞或詞語填空,使補全後的短文意思通順、前後連貫、結構完整。這種題型測試的內容從形式上看是單詞或短語的填空,但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法結構正確,所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語義適用和語法正確兩條原則,只考慮某一側面都可能導致錯誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類:完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。
1. 完形填空選擇題:該題型的特點是將一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格,對每一空格提供若干個選擇項,要求考生通讀短文後,在理解短文意思的基礎上,運用所學的詞彙、句型、語法等語言知識,從所提供的備選項中選出一個最佳答案,使短文內容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相當,字數在150-200個單詞之內,多數設置10個左右空格,所設考點涉及詞彙、語法及對短文內容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設空,以期提供一個語境,對每一空格設置的選項基本都屬於相同或對等的詞類,給判定選擇帶來一定的干擾,側重考查了考生准確運用詞彙的能力及對短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。
2. 選詞填空題:該題型的特點是把抽出的詞打亂順序,不按原文順序排列,放在短文前面或後面的方框內,有時還增加幾個文外的詞,要求考生從中選出適當的詞以正確的形式填入短文空格內。
(A)
Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase (短語)「have a day
off」. He 2 , then he had an idea. 「Grandmother
is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? 」he asked the teacher. 「Of course,
you can. 」replied (答復)the teacher at once.
After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher』s door. 「May I have a
day off 5 ? 」The teacher was very
surprised, 「Didn』t you 6 it just now? 」「Yes, sir. But I can』t be
here 7 , either. 」The teacher understood
him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, 「Why didn』t
you say『May I have two days off? 』」The boy answered quickly
9 a loud voice. 「But you only 10 us『have a day off! 』」
( )1. A. but B. and C. or D.for
( )2. A. thought hardly
B. thought hard and hard
C. hard thought
D. thought and thought
( )3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D.Mr
( )4. A. strike B. best C. hit D.knock
( )5. A. also B. again C. too D.once
( )6. A. speak B. tell C. say D.do
( )7. A. tomorrow
B. the day after tomorrow
C. yesterday
D. the day before yesterday
( )8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D.laughing
( )9. A. with B. on C. in D.by
( )10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D.were teaching
(B)
請根據內容從所給的15個單詞中選出最恰當的10個填入空白處,使短文完整,有些詞要根據需要作適當的詞形變化。
than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love,composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what
A generation gap (代溝)has become a
serious problem. I read a _______(1)about it in
the newspaper. Some children have killed _______(2)after
quarrels (爭吵)with parents. I think this is _______(3)they don』t
have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _______(4)time in the
office. _______(5)they don』t have much
time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _______(6)they don』t
have the same topics(話題)to talk about. I want to _______(7)parents to be
more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children,
show your feeling _______(8)your parents.
They are the people who _______(9)you. So tell
them your thoughts (想法). In this way, you can have a better _______(10)of each
other.
完形填空選擇題的一般解題思路是:
1. 跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過空格,通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文,獲得整體印象,做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨,較好地把握短文大意。要在閱讀理解短文意思的基礎上才開始判定選擇,切忌倉促下筆。
2. 結合選項、綜合考慮、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基礎上,再結合所給備選項細讀全文,聯繫上、下文內容,注意從上、下文的語法結構和詞語搭配及從選擇項中尋找解題的提示,以詞、句的意義為先,再從分析句子結構入手,根據短文意思、語法規則、詞語固定搭配等進行綜合考慮,對備選項逐一進行分析、比較和篩選,排除干擾項、初步選定答案。
3. 瞻前顧後、先易後難、各個擊破。動筆時要瞻前顧後、通篇考慮、先易後難。對比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做,一下子不能確定答案的,先跳過這一空格,繼續往下做,最後回過頭來再集中精力解決難點。這時可結合已確定答案的選項再讀一遍短文,隨著對短文理解的深入,可以降低試題的難度,提高選擇的正確率。
4. 復讀全文、逐空驗證、彌補疏漏。完成各道題選擇後,把所選的答案代入原文,再把全文通讀一篇,逐空認真復查。看所選定的答案是否使短文意思前後連貫、順理成章,語法結構是否正確,是否符合習慣表達法。如發現錯誤答案或有疑問的,應再次推敲、反復斟酌、做出修正。
完形填空試題的一般解題思路是:
1. 跳過空格、通讀短文、了解大意。解題時先跳過空格,通讀完形填空的短文,了解全篇的內容和要旨。要重視首句,善於以首句的時態、語氣為立足點,理清文脈,推測全文主題及大意。
2. 復讀短文、確定語義、判斷詞形。把握短文大意後再認真復讀短文,利用上下文的語境,結合所學過的知識,先確定空格處所需詞語的意義,再根據空格在句子中的位置,判斷其在句中充當的成分,從而確定所填詞的詞性,再依據詞語搭配和語法規則,判斷所填的詞的正確形式。
3. 三讀短文、上下參照、驗證答案。在短文的每一空白處填上一個詞後,將完成的短文再細讀一遍,上下參照,連貫思考。把所填的答案放入短文中進行檢驗,可從上、下文內容是否協調一致、順理成章,語法結構是否正確無誤等進行綜合驗證,凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。
(三)課文閱讀指導
1. 初中閱讀
閱讀理解能力
(1)理解主旨要義
(2)理解文中具體信息
(3)根據上下文猜測生詞的意義
(4)做出簡單判斷的推理
(5)理解文章的基本結構
(6)理解作者的意圖和態度
2. 培養良好閱讀習慣
(1)擴大視距
(2)克服聲讀
(3)克服逐字讀
3. 猜測詞文
(1)通過標題或主題句進行預測
(2)文章的標題或主題句可包括作者的意圖和傾向、篇章的總體意義和深層意義,因此通過文章標題或主題句進行預測,以便正確理解。
(3)通過語篇標記進行預測
(4)語篇標記包括關聯詞、轉換詞也包括其他關鍵詞。
(5)利用背景知識預測
(6)利用圖片進行預測
❺ 英語初二上冊語法
英語初二上冊語法:
1) leave的用法
1.「leave+地點」表示「離開某地」。例如:
When did you leave Shanghai? 你什麼時候離開上海的?
2.「leave for+地點」表示「動身去某地」。例如:
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五,愛麗斯要去倫敦了。
3.「leave+地點+for+地點」表示「離開某地去某地」。例如:
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你為什麼要離開上海去北京?
2) 情態動詞should「應該」學會使用
should作為情態動詞用,常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等,有「竟會」的意思,例如:
How should I know? 我怎麼知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什麼來得這么晚?
should有時表示應當做或發生的事,例如:
We should help each other.我們應當互相幫助。
我們在使用時要注意以下幾點:
1. 用於表示「應該」或「不應該」的概念。常指長輩教導或責備晚輩。例如:
You should be here with clean hands. 你應該把手洗干凈了再來。
2.用於提出意見勸導別人。例如:
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果感覺不舒服,你最好去看醫生。
3. 用於表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現的考點之一。例如:
We should arrive by supper time. 我們在晚飯前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她隨時都可能來。
3) What...? 與 Which...?
1. what 與 which 都是疑問代詞,都可以指人或事物,但是what僅用來詢問職業。如:
What is your father? 你父親是干什麼的?
該句相當於:
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范圍內的某一個人。如:
---Which is Peter? 哪個是皮特?
---The boy behind Mary. 瑪麗背後的那個男孩。
2.What...? 是泛指,所指的事物沒有范圍的限制;而 Which...? 是特指,所指的事物有范圍的限制。如:
What color do you like best?(所有顏色)你最喜愛什麼顏色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?
你最喜愛哪一種顏色? (有特定的范圍)
3. what 與 which 後都可以接單、復數名詞和不可數名詞。如:
Which pictures are from China?哪些圖片來自中國?
4) 頻度副詞的位置
1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些:
always(總是,一直)
usually(通常)
often(常常,經常)
sometimes(有時候)
never(從不)
2.頻度副詞的位置:
a.放在連系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞後面。如:
David is often arrives late for school.大衛上學經常遲到。
b.放在行為動詞前。如:
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天經常在7:10去上學。
c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾,用來表示強調。如:
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I ride a bike.
有時我步行回家,有時我騎自行車。
3.never放在句首時,主語、謂語動詞要倒裝。如:
Never have I been there.我從沒到過那兒。
5) every day 與 everyday
1. every day作狀語,譯為「每一天」。如:
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我們每天7:10去上學。
I decide to read English every day.
我決定每天讀英語。
2. everyday 作定語,譯為「日常的」。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚飯後在電視上看日常英語。
What's your everyday activity?你的日常活動是什麼?
6) 什麼是助動詞
1.協助主要動詞構成謂語動詞片語的詞叫助動詞(Auxiliary Verb)。被協助的動詞稱作主要動詞(Main Verb)。助動詞自身沒有詞義,不可單獨使用。例如:
He doesn't like English.他不喜歡英語。
(doesn't是助動詞,無詞義;like是主要動詞,有詞義)
2.助動詞協助主要動詞完成以下功用,可以用來:
a. 表示時態,例如:
He is singing.他在唱歌。
He has got married.他已結婚。
b. 表示語態,例如:
He was sent to England.他被派往英國。
c. 構成疑問句,例如:
Do you like college life?你喜歡大學生活嗎?
Did you study English before you came here?你來這兒之前學過英語嗎?
d. 與否定副詞not合用,構成否定句,例如:
I don't like him. 我不喜歡他。
e. 加強語氣,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。
He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。
3.最常用的助動詞有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do
1.forget to do忘記要去做某事(未做);forget doing忘記做過某事(已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
辦公室的燈還在亮著,它忘記關了。(沒有做關燈的動作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘記他已經關了燈了。( 已做過關燈的動作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
別忘了明天來。(to come動作未做)
典型例題
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案:C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著,即關燈的動作沒有發生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示燈已經關上了,而自己忘記了這一事實。此處不符合題意。
2.remember to do記得去做某事(未做);
remember doing記得做過某事(已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.記著放學後去趟郵局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?
8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用於表示事物的特徵特點,表示客觀形式的形容詞,如:
easy, hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等:
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學兩門外語是很難的。
2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態度的形容詞。如:
good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我,你真是太好了。
3.for 與of 的辨別方法:
用介詞後面的代詞作主語,用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語,造個句子。如果道理上通順用of,不通則用for。如:
You are nice.(通順,所以應用of)。
He is hard.(人是困難的,不通,因此應用for。)
9) 對兩個句子的提問
新目標英語在命題中有將對句子劃線提問這一題型取消的趨勢,現在採取的作法是對一個句子進行自由提問。例如:
句子:The boy in blue has three pens.
提問:1. Who has three pens?
2. Which boy has three pens?
3. What does the boy in blue have?
4. How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很顯然,學生多了更多的回答角度,也體現了考試的靈活性。再如:
句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提問:1. Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2. Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5. What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
6. When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such與不定冠詞的使用
1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構為「so+形容詞+a/an+名詞」。如:
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構為「such+a/an+形容詞+名詞」。如:
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
11) 使用-ing分詞的幾種情況
1.在進行時態中。如:
He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be結構中。如:
There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems結構中。如:
We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介詞後面。如:
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball?
5.在以下結構中:
enjoy doing sth樂於做某事
finish doing sth 完成做某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
forget doing sth 忘記做過某事
go on doing sth 繼續做某事
remember doing sth 記得做過某事
like doing sth 喜歡做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 發現某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth
看到/聽到/觀看某人做某事
try doing sth 試圖做某事
need doing sth 需要做某事
prefer doing sth 寧願做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
miss doing sth 錯過做某事
practice doing sth 練習做某事
be busy doing sth 忙於做某事
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
12) 英語中的「單數」
1.主語的第三人稱單數形式,即可用「he,she,it」代替的。如:
he,she, it,my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名詞有單數名詞和復數名詞。如:
man(單數)---men(復數) banana(單數)---bananas(復數)
3.動詞有原形,第三人稱單數形式,-ing分詞,過去式,過去分詞。如:
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
當主語為第三人稱單數的時候,謂語動詞必須用相應的第三人稱單數形式。如:
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
13) 名詞的復數構成的幾種形式
名詞復數的構成可分為規則變化和不規則變化兩種。
I 名詞復數的規則變化
1.一般在名詞詞尾加-s。如:
pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers
desk---deskstree---trees
2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x結尾的名詞,詞尾加-es。如:
class---classes dish---dishes
watch---watches box---boxes
3.以字母-o結尾的某些名詞,詞尾加-es。如:
potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes
Negro---Negroes hero---heroes
4.以輔音字母加-y結尾的名詞,將-y變為-i,再加-es。如:
family---families dictionary---dictionaries
city---cities country---countries
5.以字母-f或-fe結尾的名詞,將-f或-fe變為-v,再加-es。如:
half---halves leaf---leaves
thief---thieves knife---knives
self---selves wife---wives
life---lives wolf---wolves
shelf---shelves loaf---loaves
但是:
scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs
serf---serfs gulf---gulfs
chief---chiefs proof---proofs
belief---beliefs
II 名詞復數的不規則變化
1.將-oo改為--ee。如:
foot---feet tooth---teeth
2.將-man改為-men。如:
man---men woman---women
policeman---policemen postman---postmen
3.添加詞尾。如:
child---children
4.單復數同形。如:
sheep---sheep deer---deer
fish---fish people---people
5.表示「某國人」的單、復數變化。即「中日瑞不變英法變,其它國把-s加後面」。如:
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Swiss---Swiss
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
American---Americans Australian---Australians
Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans
Russian---Russians Indian---Indians
6.其它。如:
mouse---mice
apple tree---apple trees
man teacher---men teachers
14) 雙寫最後一個字母的-ing分詞
初中階段常見的有以下這些:
1.let→letting讓 hit→hitting打、撞
cut→cutting切、割get→getting取、得到
sit→sitting坐 forget→forgetting忘記
put→putting放 set→setting設置
babysit→babysitting 臨時受雇照顧嬰兒
2.shop→shopping購物trip→tripping絆
stop→stopping停止 drop→dropping放棄
3.travel→travel(l)ing旅遊swim→swimming游泳
run→running跑步dig→digging挖、掘
begin→beginning開始prefer→preferring 寧願
plan→planning 計劃
❻ 初二上英語語法總結
1. look pretty 看上去漂亮的
1. taste salty 嘗起來鹹的
2. feel tight 感覺有些緊
3. smell sour 聞上去酸的
4. sound noisy 聽上去吵鬧的
5. so much food 這么多食物
6. get the food ready把食物准備好
7. can』t wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事
8. hear from sb. 收到某人的來信
9. shake hands 握手
10. last message 上個信息
11. be proud of sb. 為某人自豪
12. have a party 開聚會
13. the first time 第一次
14. family member 家庭成員
15. say hello to sb.與某人問好
16. have a try 試一試
17. introce sb. to sb.把某人介紹給
18. get angry with sb. 對某人生氣
19. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事.
20. be excited about doing sth.做某事感到興奮
21. do something wrong 做錯事
22. ride a bicycle 騎自行車
23. would like to do sth. 想要做某事
24. make cookies 做小甜餅
25. What』s the matter with you? 你怎麼了?
26. What』 she like? 她為人怎樣?
27. What does she look like? 她長的怎樣?
feel (感覺,摸起來)
sound(聽起來)
look(看上去)
28.主語+感官動詞(連系動詞) seem (好象) +adj.
smell(聞起來)
taste (吃起來)
keep (保持)
become / get/ turn (變得)
Mole 8
1. around town 環城之行
2. go along 沿著---走
3. turn left/ right into---向左/右轉
4. on the corner of (在街道)拐角處
5. between---and---在----和----之間
6. on the left of---在---的左邊
7. opposite the market 在市場的對面
8. by boat 乘船
9. take boat 乘船
10. on a clear day 在晴朗的日子裡
11. the way to -------的路
12. the best way 最好的方法
13. get off 下(車, 船)
14. go past 走過
15. go for a walk 散步
16. buy things you need 買你需要的東西
17. go swimming 去游泳
18. get something to eat 買些吃的東西
19. be full of 裝滿了---
20. most of 大多數
21. at the ticket office 在售票處
22. follow it on the map
23. Where is the park?
How can I get to the park?
Can you tell me the way to the park?
Is there a park near here?
Do you know the way to the park?
Mole 9
1.瀕危動物: animals in danger
2.需要做某事: need to do
3.沒有喝水: without drinking
4.了解: learn about…
5.令人驚奇的事情:: the surprising thing
6.很吃驚地干某事: be surprised to do sth
7.干某事很悲傷: It』s sad to do sth
8.為了…而殺死: kill…for…
9.停止捕殺很難: It』s hard to stop killing
10.沒有地方住: no places to live in
11.沒有足夠吃的食物no enough food to eat
12.這水不好喝: The water isn』t good to drink
13.帶走它: take it away
14.住在森林裡: live in the forests
15.決定不做某事: decide not to do
16:變得很嚴峻: become very serious
17.以…為生: live on…
18.照顧: look after (them, her…)
19.有足夠住的地方:enough places to live in
20.越來越少的土地居住 less and less land to live on
21.制定計劃: make a plan
22.生長得更好:grow better
23.最著名的科學家: the best-known scientist
24.以 而聞名: be famous for…
25.的標志(象徵) the symbol of…
26.想起 think of…
27.考慮: think about (it)
28.例如: for example / such as…
29.幾乎沒有熊貓 very few pandas.
30.也,同樣 as well as…
31.你真是太好了干某事 It』s really nice of you to do sth…
32.向某人展示某物show sb about sth..
33.干某事的一個計劃: a plan to do sth…
34.設計海報 design a poster
35.保持…干凈: keep sth clean
36.保持地球的干凈: keep the Earth clean
37.砍伐森林: cut down the forests
38.污染河流: pollute the rivers
39.為某人而工作: work for sb
40.在野外: in the wild
41.究竟 : on earth
42.聽到那個消息很難過:I』m sorry to hear that.
43.使得某人發狂: make sb mad
44: 把它變臟: make it dirty
45. 查找它: find it out
46.和平地生存:live in peace.
47.自然保護區: nature reserve
48.最後: at last
49.干某事是有趣的: It』s interesting to do
50.需要保護: need to protect…
51.變得稀少: become rare
52.最瀕危的動物之一one of the animals most in danger
53.出生: be born
54.由於許多不同的原因:for many different reasons
Mole 10<br
❼ 初二上冊英語語法總結
新目標八年級(上)英語復習提綱
Unit 1: How often do you exercise?
【語言目標】
What do you usually do on weekends? I sometimes go to the beach
How often do you eat vegetables? Every day. Most students do homework every day.
【應掌握的片語】
1. go to the movies 去看電影 2. look after = take care of 照顧
3. surf the internet 上網 4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding 去劃板 6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports鍛煉 8. eating habits 飲食習慣
9. take more exercise 做更多的運動 10. the same as 與什麼相同
11. be different from 不同 12. once a month一月一次
13. twice a week一周兩次 14. make a difference to 對什麼有影響
15. how often 多久一次 16. although = though雖然
17. most of the students=most students 18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 購物
19. as for至於 20. activity survey活動調查
21. do homework做家庭作業 22. do house work做家務事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉 24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 對什麼有益 26. be bad for對什麼有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事 28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 盡量做某事 30. come home from school放學回家
31. of course = certainly = sure當然 32. get good grades取得好成績
33. some advice 34. hardly=not nearly / almost not幾乎不
35. keep/be in good health保持健康 36.be stressed緊張的,有壓力的
37. take a vacation 去度假 48.get back 回來
【應掌握的句子】
1. How often do you exercise? 你(你們)多久鍛煉一次身體?
How often + 助動詞do(does或did) + 主語 + do sth.? 疑問詞how often是問頻率(多久一次),(在這里助動
詞do(does或did) 是起幫助構成疑問的作用)與一般現在時或一般過去時連用,回答一般是用表示頻率的副詞
,如:once, twice, three times…, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week ,
twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month 等。
2. 「What do you usually do on weekends?」 「 I usually play soccer.」
「周末你通常做什麼?」「我通常踢足球。」
第一個do為助動詞, 在這起幫助構成疑問的作用;而第二個do則是實義動詞。
3. 「What』s your favorite program?」 「It』s Animal World.」 「你最喜歡什麼節目?」「動物世界。」
4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .
as for...意思是「至於;關於」,常用於句首作狀語,其後跟名詞、代詞或動詞的-ing形式(即動名詞)。
5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .
want to do sth. 意思是「想要做某事」;
want sb. to do sth.意思是「想要某人做某事」。
6. She says it』s good for my health.
be good for...表示「對……有益(有好處)」;其反義為:be bad for...。(這里for 是介詞,後跟名詞、代詞或動名詞)
7. How many hours do you sleep every night?
8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .
9. My eating habits are pretty good .pretty相當於very 。
10. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .
try to do sth.表示「 盡力做某事 」 ,不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示「(用某一辦法)試著去做某事」。
11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.
help sb.(to) do sth.幫助某人做某事
12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.
better是well的比較級,而不是good的比較級
13. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different? =Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle
or is her lifestyle different from yours? be the same as … / be different from …
14. What sports do you play ?
15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health .
keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy
16. You must try to eat less meat .
try to do sth.表示「 盡力做某事 」 ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比較級
17. That sounds interesting.
這是「主語+系動詞+表語」結構的簡單句。sound(聽起來),look(看起來),smell
(聞起來),taste(嘗起來),feel(覺得),seem(好象),grow(變得),get
(變得)等詞在英語中可用作系動詞,後跟形容詞作表語。
Unit 2 What』s the matter?
【語言目標】
What』s the matter? I have a headache.
You should drink some tea. The sounds like a good idea.
I have a sore back. That』s too bad . I hope you feel better soon.
【應掌握的片語】
1. Have a cold 感冒 2. sore back 背痛 3. neck and neck 並駕齊驅,齊頭並進
4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛 = I have got a stomachache = There is something wrong with my stomach
= My stomach hurts = I have (got) a pain in my stomach
5. What』s the matter? 怎麼了? = What』s the trouble (with you)? = What』s your trouble?
= What』s wrong (with you)? = What』 the matter (with you)? =What has happened to you?
= Is there anything wrong (with you)? = what』s up?
6. sore throat 咽喉痛 7. lie down and rest 躺下休息
8. see a dentist 看牙醫 9. drink lots of water 多喝水
10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的熱茶 11.That』s a good idea 好主意
12.That』s too bad 太糟糕了 13.I think so 我認為如此
14. I』m not feeling well. 我覺得不太舒服 = I』m not feeling fine/all right.
= I』m feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad. = I don』t feel well.
15. get some rest 多休息 16. I have no idea = I don』t know 我不知道
17. stressed out 筋疲力盡 18. I am tired 我累了 He is tired. 他累了
19. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式 20. traditional Chinese doctors傳統中醫
21. a balance of yin and yang陰陽調和 22. you have too much yin.你陰氣太盛
23. to eat a balance diet飲食平衡 24. healthy food 健康食品
25. stay healthy 保持健康 = keep healthy = keep in good health = keep fit
26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代詞) 玩得高興,過得愉快
=have a good time = have a wonderful time = have fun
27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名詞)喜歡某物, enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事=like dong sth
practice doing sth.練習做某事, mind doing sth. 介意做某事,
finish doing sth.完成某事, give up doing sth.放棄做某事,
can』t help doing sth.忍不住做某事,
keep ding sth. 堅持做某事. (keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth. )
be busy doing sth. 忙著做某事 be used to doing sth.習慣於做某事
make a contribution to doing sth.為..做貢獻 go on doing sth. 繼續做某事
forget doing sth.忘記做某事 remember doing sth. 記得做某事
spend....(in) doing sth. 花(時間)來做某事
prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起(做...)來更願意(做...)
28. at the moment = now 此刻 29. Host family 東道家庭
30. Conversation practice會話練習 31. I』m sorry to hear that.聽到此事我很難過
【應掌握的句子】
1. What』s the matter? I have a bad cold.
2.Maybe you should see a dentist.
3.I hope you feel better soon.
4.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy.
5.Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this. 6.People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.
7.It』s easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and it』s important to eat a balanced diet.
8.When you are tired, you shouldn』t go out at night.
9.I believe him, but I can』t believe in him.
10.I am not feeling very well at the moment.
I』m tired and I have a lot of headaches.
11.I』m stressed out because my Mandarin isn』t improving.
12.I practice playing the piano every day.
13.She had finished writing the letter when I went in.
14.The doctor asked him to give up smoking.
15.Do you mind closing the window?
16.Mary couldn』t help laughing at his jokes.
17.They kept working though it was raining.
【內容較多,不能全部復制下來。親,留下郵箱,我發文件給你,很詳細,還有定語從句之類的專項講解 ——逆夏000】
❽ 初二英語上的所有語法點
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官動詞)+ do
eg :I like watching monkeys jump
2 (比較級 and 比較級) 表示越來越怎麼樣
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)
4 agree with sb 贊成某人
5 all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一樣
6 all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界
7 along with 同……一道,伴隨……
eg : I will go along with you 我將和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 學生同老師們一起種樹
8 As soon as 一怎麼樣就怎麼樣
9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的東西) eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什麼
12 ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……歲時 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的開始
15 at the end of +地點/+時間 最後;盡頭;末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的這個時候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +從句 感覺/對什麼有信心,自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表:1 現在進行時 2 將來時
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能夠…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能夠干什麼 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth ) 恐懼,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允許做什麼
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowed to watch TV 我應該被允許看電視
23 be angry with sb 生某人的氣 eg : Don't be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 為什麼而生某人的氣
25 be as…原級…as 和什麼一樣 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一樣高
26 be ashamed to
27 be away from 遠離
28 be away from 從……離開
29 be bad for 對什麼有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生於
31 be busy doing sth 忙於做什麼事 be busy with sth 忙於……
32 be careful 當心;小心
33 be different from…… 和什麼不一樣
34 be famous for 以……著名
35 be friendly to sb 對某人友好
36 be from = come from 來自
eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
37 be full of 裝滿……的 be filled with 充滿 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
38 be glad+to+do/從句
39 be going to + v(原) 將來時
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善長, 善於……
41 be good for 對什麼有好處 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English
42 be happy to do 很高興做某事
43 be helpful to sb 對某人有好處
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大聲朗讀對你有好處
Exercising is helpful to your bady 鍛煉對你的身體有好處
44 be in good health 身體健康
45 be in trouble 處於困難中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble
46 be interested in 對某方面感興趣
47 be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的氣
50 be made from 由……製成(製成以後看不見原材料)
51 be made of 由……製成(製成以後還看得見原材料)
52 be not sure 表不確定
53 be on a visit to 參觀
54 be popular with sb 受某人歡迎
55 be quiet 安靜
56 be short for 表**的縮寫 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊傑
57 be sick in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that
60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you
61 be strict in doing sth 嚴於做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 這些學生對自己不嚴格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格
64 be supposed to do 被要求干什麼
65 be sure 表確定
66 be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher ) 我相信我的大腦(老師)
68 be sure that sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通過考試
69 be sure to do sth 一定會做某事
eg: We are sure to pass the test 我們一定會通過這次考試 We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學好英語
70 be terrified of + 名/動doing 害怕……
71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什麼一樣
73 be used to doing sth 習慣做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習慣早起 He is used to sleeping in class 他習慣上課睡覺
He is used to working hard He is used to hard work 他習慣努力工作
74 be worth doing 值得做什麼
75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句
76 because+句子 because of +短語
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 開始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什麼開始什麼
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 兩者之間
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借給……什麼東西 )
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen )
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打擾 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打擾你,但是你能告訴我怎麼去車站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 這個問題困擾了我幾個周了
He's bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……為止
83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 關心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你為什麼不關心國家的未來
85 catch up with sb 趕上某人
86 chat with sb 和某人閑談 take sb to + 地點 帶某人去某地
87 come in 進來
88 come over to 過來
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一個好辦法嗎?
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考慮做什麼 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 為什麼不考慮去瀘州?
92 dance to 隨著……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞
93 decide to do sth 決定做某事
94 do a survey of 做某方面的調查
95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做錯
97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事
98 Don't mind +doing /從句 /名詞 不要介意……
99 each +名(單)每一個…… eg : Each student has many books 每一個學生都有一些書
100 end up +doing
101 enjoy +doing 喜歡
102 escape from 從……逃跑
eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison 犯人從監獄里逃跑出來
Some gas is escaping from the pipe 有一些氣體從管子里冒出
103 expect to do sth 期待做某事
104 fall down 摔下來 fall off 從哪摔下來
105 fall in love with sb /sth 愛上什麼
106 far from 離某地遠 eg : The school is far from my home
107 find +it +adj +to do 發現做某事怎麼樣
108 find sb/sth +adj 發現什麼怎麼樣? eg : I find the book interesting
109 finish 完成+doing(名詞)
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 適合某人
111 forget to do 沒有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door
112 from…to… 從某某到某某 eg: From me for her
113 get /have sth down 做完,被(別人)做……
eg: I have my hair cut 我理了發(頭發被剪了)
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了(被牙醫拔掉了)
114 get a part-time job = find a part-time job
115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 與某人相處得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 與某人相處
117 get ready for = be ready for 為什麼而准備 eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math
118 get sb in to trouble 給某人麻煩
119 get sb to do sth
120 get…from… 從某處得到某物
121 give a talk 做報告 eg: He is give a tall
122 give sth to sb give sb sth 給某人某物
123 go fish 釣魚 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 繼續做這件事
125 go out away from go out of
126 go to school 上學(用於專業的) go to the school 去學校(不一定是上學)
127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 討厭沒做過的事 hate doing 討厭做過的事
129 have a party for sb 舉辦誰的晚會
130 have a talk 聽報告 談一談
131 have been doing 現在完成進行時 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since
132 have been to …( 地方)……去過某過地方 have gone to …(地方) 去了某地還沒回來
133 have fun +doing 玩得高興
134 have sth to do 有什麼事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作業要做
I have nothing to do 我沒什麼事情做
135 have to do sth 必須做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什麼事情有麻煩
137 have…time +doing
138 have…(時間)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我請一個月得假
139 hear sb +do/doing 聽見某人做某事/正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用處
141 help sb with sth \one's sth 幫助某人某事(某方面) help sb (to) do sth 幫助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你對什麼的看法
145 if : 是否=wether
eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否應該去參加晚會
He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我們明天早上是否能准時到達
146 if :如果,假如(全部接一般時態)+條件語態從句
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去瀘州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他們要改變計劃,他們會讓我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足夠的錢,我就要去英國
147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人認為
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最後
150 in the north of… 什麼在什麼的北方 (north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 東 )
由動詞開頭構成的短語、片語很多。復習時應分類處理:
一、動詞+介詞
1.look at…看…, look like … 看上去像……, look after …照料…
2.listen to…聽……
3.welcome to…歡迎到……
4.say hello to …向……問好
5.speak to…對……說話
此類短語相當於及物動詞,其後必須帶賓語,但賓語無論是名詞還是代詞,都要放在介詞之後。
二、動詞+副詞
「動詞+副詞」所構成的短語義分為兩類:
A.動詞(vt.)+副詞
1.put on 穿上 2.take off脫下 3.write down記下
此類短語可以帶賓語,賓語若是名詞,放在副詞前後皆可;賓語若是人稱代詞,只能放在副詞的前面。
B.動詞(vi)+副詞。
1.come on趕快 2.get up起床 3.go home回家
4.come in進來 5.sit down坐下 6.stand up起立
此類短語屬於不及物動詞,不可以帶賓語。
三、其它類動詞片語
1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class
4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper
7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games
10. play games
[介詞短語聚焦]
「介詞+名詞/代詞」所構成的短語稱為介詞短語。現將Unitsl-16常用的介詞短語按用法進行歸類。
1.in+語言/顏色/衣帽等,表示使用某種語言或穿著……。
2.in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示「在……排/隊/班級/年級」等。
3.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示「在上午/下午/傍晚」等一段時間。
4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示「在書桌/鉛筆盒/卧室里」。
5.in the tree表示「在樹上 (非樹本身所有)」;on the tree表示「在樹上(為樹本身所有)」。
6.in the wall表示「在牆上(凹陷進去)」;on the wall表示「在牆上(指牆的表面)」。
7.at work(在工作)/at school(上學)/at home(在家)應注意此類短語中無the。
8.at + 時刻表示鍾點。
9.like this/that表示方式,意為「像……這/那樣」。
10.of短語表示所屬關系。
11.behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名詞等,表示方位、處所。
12.from與to多表示方向,前者意為「從……」,後者意為「到……」。
另外,以下這些短語也必須掌握。如:on ty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one』s bike等。
[重點句型大回放]
1.I think…意為「我認為……」,是對某人或某事的看法或態度的一種句型。其否定式常用I don』t think…,
2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意為「把……給……」,動詞give之後可接雙賓語,可用這兩種句型;若指物的賓語是人稱代詞時,則只能用give it/ them to sb.
3.take sb./ sth. to…意為「把……(送)帶到……」,後常接地點,也可接人。
4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意為「一個是……;另一個是……」,必須是兩者中。
5.Let sb. do sth. 意為「讓某人做某事」,人後應用不帶to的動詞不定式,其否定式為Don』t let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let』s 與Let us的含義不完全相同,前者包括聽者在內,後者不包括聽者在內,
6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意為「幫助某人做某事」,前者用不定式作賓補,後者用介詞短語作賓補,二者可以互換.
7.What about…?/How about…?意為「……怎麼樣?」是用來詢問或徵求對方的觀點、意見、看法等。about為介詞,其後須接名詞、代詞或V-ing等形式。
8.It』s time to do…/ It』s time for sth. 意為「該做……的時間了」,其中to後須接原形動詞,for後可接名詞或V-ing形式。
9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意為「喜歡做某事」,前一種句型側重具體的一次性的動作;後一種句型側重習慣性的動作,
10.ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意為「讓某人(不要)做某事」,其中ask sb.後應接動詞不定式,
11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意為「把某物給某人看」,該句型的用法同前面第2點。
12.introce sb. to sb. 意為「把某人介紹給另一人」;introce to sb.則是「向某人作介紹」。
001. a bottle/glass/cup… of 一瓶/茶杯/玻璃杯
002. a few 一些
003. a kind of 一種;一類
004. a little 一點;少量
005. a lot of…(lots of…) 許多的
006. a moment later 片刻之後
007. a number of 若乾的;許多的
008. a pair of 一雙;一副
009. a piece of 一塊(張;片;只)
010. all day(long) 整天;一天到晚
011. all kinds of 各種各樣
012. all one』s life 一生;終生
013. all over 到處;結束
014. all over the world 全世界
015. all right 行了;好吧;(病)好了
016. all the same 仍然
017. all the time ①一直;始終②老是(美國英語)
018. arrive at/in 到達某地
019. as…as… 一樣
020. as…as one can(=as…as possible) 盡量
021. as soon as 一就
022. at breakfast 早餐時
023. at first 起先;開始的時候
024. at home 在家
025. at last 最後;終於
026. at night 在夜裡
027. at noon 在正午
028. at once 立刻;馬上
029. at school 在學校上課
030. at the back of 在……的後面
031. at the head of 在……的前面
032. at the moment 此刻
033. at the same time 同時
034. at this time of (the) year 在(一年中)這個時節里
035. at times 時常;有時
036. at work 在工作
037. be able to do sth. (= can+V.) 能夠
038. be angry with sb. 生某人的起 be angry at/about sth. 生某事的氣
039. be born 出生
040. be different from… 和……不同
041. be full of 充滿著……
042. be good at 善於 be bad at拙於
043. be good for 對……有益的 be bad for 對……有害的
044. be in hospital 生病;住院 be in the hospital 在醫院
045. be late for 遲到
046. be like 像
047. be made of (be made from) ……制的;用…….製成的
048. be/get ready 准備好
049. be sure 肯定;確定
050. break down ①(機械)損壞②拆散(某物)
051. by+交通工具 搭乘某交通工具
052. by the way 順便一提
053. by then 到那時
054. catch (a) cold; have a cold 感冒
055. change one』s mind 改變想法(注意)
056. come back 回來
057. come down 下來
058. come from ①出生於②來自於
059. come in 進入;進來come out 出來
060. come over 過來;順便來訪
061. come around (走)過來(繞行而來)
062. day after day 日復一日地;天天
063. do(es) +V.ing 做某事
064. do sport 運動;參加(體育)運動
065. does well ①做得很好②成功③成績很好
066. each other 互相
067. eat up 吃完
068. either…or… 不是……就是
069. enjoy oneself 過得愉快
070. fall behind 落後;跟不上
071. fall off ①跌落;掉下②(質或量)下降
072. far away 遙遠
073. feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
074. feel tired 感到疲勞
075. find out 查明;發現;了解
076. from now on 從今以後;今後
077. from … to … 從……到……
078. get back ①返回②取回
079. get down ①下來;落下②記下來
080. get dressed 穿衣服
081. get home 大家
082. get into ①進入②搭乘(計程車)③陷入(壞的情況)
083. get off ①下車②起飛
084. get on ①上車②生活
085. get on (with…)= get along (with…) ①生活②與(某人)相處③(活動)有進展
086. get out of ①從......出來②從計程車(轎車)下來
087. get ready to do sth. 准備做某事
088. get up ①起床②起立
089. get warm (long) 變暖和(長)
090. give a call 給……打電話
091. give back 歸還;送回
092. go back 回去
093. go for a walk 散步
094. go home 回家
095. go on 繼續
096. go shopping 去購物
097. go to bed 睡覺(並未入睡)
098. go to school 上學
099. go to sleep 入睡;睡著
100. go to the cinema 看電影
101. grow up 成年;長大成人
102. half an hour 半小時
103. have a drink of 喝一點……
104. have good time 玩得很高興;過得愉快
105. have a look (at) 看一看
106. have a match 比賽have a test 測驗
107. have a meeting 開會
108. have a rest 休息
109. have a swim 游泳
110. have a talk 談話
111. have a walk 散步
112. have a wash 洗(手,臉等)
113. have breakfast 吃早飯
114. have lessons/classes 上課
115. have lunch 吃午飯
116. have sport 進行體育活動
117. have supper 吃晚飯
118. have to 不得不;必須
119. hear from+sb. 收到某人的來信
120. hear of 聽說
121. help sb. with sth 在某事上幫某人help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事
122. hold a meeting (= have a meeting) 舉行會議
123. hold on ①等一等(別掛電話)②堅持;持續
124. hour after hour 一小時又一小時地;持續地
125. how long ①(時間)多長;多長②(長度)多長
126. how many/much 多少/多少(錢)
127. how often 多久;多常
128. how old 幾歲;多大(年紀)
129. hundreds of 數百
130. hurry of 匆匆離去;趕快去
131. hurry up 趕快
❾ 初二英語語法點
第一個問題:
因為she、he、it都是第三人稱單數,所以在一般現在時中都要用dose作為助動詞,像其他的第一人稱單復數、第二人稱單復數以及第三人稱的復數形式的代詞都要用助動詞do。
第二個問題:
buy、spend、pay、cost和take都有「花費」的意思。區別在於:
buy sb sth=buy sth for sb給某人買某物,是這五個單詞中唯一一個可以跟雙賓語的
spend:sb spend some time/money on sth 某人花多少錢買某物/花多少時間多某事
sb spend some time (in)doing sth 某人花多少時間在某事上面,in可以省略
pay:sb pay some money for sth 某人為某物付多少錢
pay some money for sb 為某人付錢
pay back 還錢
pay off 還清
cost:主語一定是物,sth cost sb some money 某物花了某人多少錢
take:有一個固定句型:it take sb some time/money to do sth 做某事花了某人多少時間/多少錢