『壹』 七年級上冊英語語法總結
你好,解析如下:
1、名詞
A)、名詞的數
名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞,而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式,但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分,復數的構成如下:
一)在後面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy- comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o結尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五)以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)單復數相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有復數,沒有單數的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數也可以是復數的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學, family家,家庭成員
九)合成的復數一般只加主要名詞,多數為後一個單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數則同時為復數。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的單復數意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
十一) 單個字母的復數可以有兩種形式直接加s或』s。如:Is (I』s), Ks (K』s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
希望對你有幫助!給個好評吧,謝謝你了!
『貳』 初中七年級英語語法總結歸納
七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1)
七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1)
分類:英語學習
Unit 1 Where』s your pen pal from?
一.短語:
1 .be from = come from 來自於----
2. live in 居住在---
3. on weekends 在周末
4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 給某人寫信;寫信給某人
5 .in the world 在世界上 in China 在中國
6.pen pal 筆友 14 years old 14歲 favorite subject 最喜歡的科目
7.the United States 美國 the United Kingdom 英國 New York 紐約
8.speak English 講英語 like and dislike 愛憎
9.go to the movies 去看電影 play sports 做運動
二.重點句式:
1 Where』s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三.本單元的國家,人民、語言對應。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish
Unit 2 Where』s the post office?
一. Asking ways: (問路)
1. Where is (the nearest) ……? (最近的)……在哪裡?
2. Can you tell me the way to ……? 你能告訴我去……的路嗎?
3. How can I get to ……? 我怎樣到達……呢?
4. Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……嗎?
5. Which is the way to ……? 哪條是去……的路?
二.Showing the ways: (指路)
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿著這條街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二個路口向左轉。
3. You will find it on your right. 你會在你右手邊發現它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 離這里大約一百米遠。
5. You』d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交車去。(You』d better+動詞原形)
三.片語
1. across from …… 在……的對面 across from the bank 在銀行的對面
2. next to…… 緊靠…… next to the supermarket 緊靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之間
between the park and the zoo 在公園和動物園之間
among 表示位於三者或三者以上之間
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
課室前面有棵樹。
in the front of…… 在……(內)的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
課室內的前部有張桌子。
5. behind…… 在……後面 behind my house 在我家後面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右邊 on the left of our school 在我們學校的左邊
on one』s left/right 在某人的左/右邊 on my left 在我左邊
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿著……(街道) down/along Center Street 沿著中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 歡迎來到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的開始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的開始,前端
in the beginning 起初,一開始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得開心,過得愉快
我昨天玩得很開心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐計程車
16. 到達:get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到這/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17.go across 從物體表面橫過 go across the street 橫過馬路
go through 從空間穿過 go through the forest 穿過樹林
18.on + 街道的名稱。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具體門牌號+街道的名稱 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三.重難點解析
1.enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的樂趣,喜愛做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜愛讀書。
到目前為止,我們學了兩個特殊的動詞finish和enjoy,都是要帶 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我掃完了這間屋子。
2.hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通過這次考試。
hope +從句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天將會晴朗。
(從句即是一個小句子,這個小句子又放在大句子中,從屬於大句子,所以叫從句。如tomorrow will be fine是一個從句,它又放在I hope 的後面,形成句中有句。)
3. if 引導一個表示假設的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有許多錢,我就會去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你餓了的話,你可以在超市買一些食物。
四.本單元的反義詞、近義詞配對
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一.重點片語
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day ring the day
二. 交際用語
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they』re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they』re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because they』re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She』s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8.He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9.He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10.Let』s see the pandas first.
11.They』re kind of interesting.
12.What other animals do you like?
13.Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重點難點釋義
1、kind of 有點,稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有點害羞。
kind 還有「種類」的意思
如:各種各樣的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中國 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是專有名詞,首字母都應該大寫,而且和介詞in連用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的,和藹可親的
它是名詞friend的形容詞形式,常常和be動詞連用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟,同,和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意區別與and的用法,and通常用於連接主語或賓語,連接主語時,
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之後,如:
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with 「和…一起玩耍」「玩…」
I often play with my pet dog.
Don』t play with water!
5、day和night 是一對反義詞,day 表示白天或一天,night表示夜或夜晚。
通常說in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 葉子
復數形式為:leaves, 類似的變化還有:wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小時;點鍾
hour前邊通常加上冠詞an 表示「一個小時」, 即:an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 來自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. (食用的)肉,為不可數名詞,表示「許多」時,使用much來修
飾,即:much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草,為不可數名詞,表示「許多」時,使用much來修飾,即:much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 語法知識
特殊疑問句通常以「what」、「who」、「which」、「when」、「where」、「how」、「how old」、「how many」等開頭,對某一具體問題進行提問。
特殊疑問句的基本構成有兩種情況:
1. 疑問句+一般疑問句結構。這是最常見的情況。例如:
What』s your grandfather』s telephone number? 你爺爺的電話號碼是多少?
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那個大眼睛的男孩是誰?
Which season do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個季節?
When is he going to play the piano? 他什麼時候彈鋼琴?
Where does he live? 他住在哪兒?
How are you? 你好嗎?
How old are you? 你多大了?
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有幾個兄弟姐妹?
2. 疑問句+陳述句結構。這時疑問詞作主語或修飾主語。例如:
Who is on ty today?
今天誰值日?
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老師?
我們學過的What/How about+名詞/代詞+其他?也是特殊疑問句,它是一種省略結構。
例如:
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜歡英語。你呢?
What about playing basketball? 打籃球怎麼樣?
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一.短語:
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 給某人某物 / 把某物給某人
3 help sb do sth 幫助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 幫助某人謀事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----談話
8 be busy doing sth 忙於做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在醫院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚報
二.重點句式及注意事項:
1 詢問職業的特殊疑問詞是what;有三種主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名詞所有格/ 形容詞性物主代詞 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I』m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
三. 本單元中的名詞復數。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----
『叄』 七年級上下冊英語總結知識點
1. Why not go upstairs and have a look?
(1) go upstairs上樓 go downstairs下樓
(2) have a look看
have a look at… 看……
have a walk散步
have a bath洗澡
have a swim游泳
have a talk談話
have a rest休息
(3) Why not+動詞原形…?句型是提建議的一種表達法,形同「Why don』t + 人稱代詞 + 動詞原形上+ …?」。這樣的句型常用來啟發或建議某人做某事。回答常用Ok, let』s…/All right./That』s a good idea.
2. Please give it back soon.請盡快地把它還給我。
give …back:(=return)歸還:代詞作賓語時應放在give 和back的中間,如果是名詞作賓語,可放在中間,也可放在後面。例如:
give the book back;/give back the book.
give it back / give them back
類似的短語還有put away, put on, try on, take off,
3.Let』s play computer games for a while.讓我們玩一會兒電腦吧。
(1) play computer games玩電腦游戲
(2) Let』s …=Let us後接動詞原形:讓我們……
4.My pet dog plays with the ball everywhere.我的寵物狗在家裡到處玩球。
(1) everywhere=here and there處處;到處
(2) play with 其後接人時,意為「與……玩」
其後接物時,意為「玩(單純地玩耍)……」
play football, play basketball, play volleyball指技術性較高的運動
5.There is a watermelon and lots of apples in the box.箱子里有一個西瓜和許多蘋果。
(1) lots of =a lot of 許多的;大量的,用來修飾名詞
There are a lot of students in that school. (=many)
There was a lot of snow last year.(=much)
There』s a lot of rice in the bag.(=much)
三、語法:There be句型和Have的區別
類型 There be Have
涵義不同 側重 "存在關系",表示"某地或某時間存在某人/某物",there只是引導詞,無意義。
如:There is a boat in the river.河裡有一條船。 側重 "所屬關系",示"屬於……所擁有"的東西,第三人稱用has。如: I have a nice watch.
我有一塊好看的手錶。
She has a new computer.
她有一台新電腦。
句型不同 1.肯定式:There is/are+主語+其它。
2.否定式:There is/are+ not+主語+其它。
3.疑問式:--Is/Are there+主語+其它?
--Yes, there is/are.
--No, there isn't/aren't 1.肯定式:主語+have/has+其它。
2.吉伯定式:a)主語+don't/doesn't have+其它;
b)主語+haven't/hasn't+其它。
3.疑問式:a)--Do/does+主語+have+其它?
--Yes,主語+do/does./No,主語+don't/doesn't.
b)--Have/Has+主語+其它?--Yes,主語+have/has./No,主語+haven't/hasn't.
主謂一致不同 1.There is +單數主語/不可數主語…如:
There is some milk in hte bottle.
There is a hat on the desk.
2.There are+復數主語…如:There are some flowers in the basket.
3.There is +單數主語+and+復數主語…如: There is a mouse and two pens on the deak.
4.There are+復數主語+and+單數主語…如:There are two pens and a mouseon the desk. 1.主語(第三人稱單數)+has+…如:
She has many new clothes.
Tom has a nice feather.
2.第一、二人稱單數和復數主語+have+…如:You have some good firends but they have few.
劃線提問不同 1.對主語提問一律用"What's+某地/某時?"結構,其中謂語動詞須用is,且there要省略。如:There are some pictures on the wall.---What's on the wall?
2.對地點提問要用"Where is/are there…?"如:There is a black car under the tree.--Where is there a black car?
3.對主語的數量提問要用"How many+主語(復數)+are there…?/How much+主語(不可數)+is there…?"
如: There're three people in my family. --How many people are there in your family?
There's some rice in the bag.
---How much rice is there in the bag? 1.對主語提問要用"Who/has/have+…?"如: Mary has a sweater.--Who has a sweater?
We have new brooms.--Who hsve new brooms?
2.對賓語提問要用"What have/has+主語?/What do does+主語+have…?"如: My father has a big farm .
What has your father?/
What does your father have?
3.對賓語的數量提問用"How many+復數名詞+have/has+主語?/How much+不可數名詞+have/has+主語?"或"How many +復數名詞+do/does+主語+have?/How much+不可數名詞+do/does+主語+have?"
如:I have two pictures.
--How many pictures do you have?/How many pictures have you?
注意 there be結構在改為否定或疑問句時,一般將some改為any.
如:There are some dishes on the desk.
--There aren't any dishes on the desk./Are there any dishes on the desk? have 句型在改為否定句時,也應將 some 改為 any.
如: She has some fruit.
--She hasn't/doesn't have any fruit./Has she any fruit?/Does she have any fruit?
註:在表示 "附屬於某物/某處的東西"時,there be結構與have句型都可以用。如:
There are four windows in the classroom =The classroom has four windows.
The house has eighteen floors.=There are eighteen floors in the house.
1. What』s your home like?你的家什麼樣?
like用作動詞時意為「喜歡」,用作介詞時意為「像……」,常用短語:be like, look like
2. I』m looking for a grocery store.我正在找一家雜貨店。
look for 尋找。強調尋找的動作;
find找到,發現。強調結果;
find out著重指通過分析、調查等弄清或杳明一件事情
Are you looking for your pen? Yes, I am.你在找你的鋼筆嗎?是的。
Can you help me find my bike?你能幫我找到自行車嗎?
Please find out who broke the window.請找出是誰把窗戶打破的?
3.There is one in front of our building.我們的樓前有一家(雜貨店)。
in front of 在……的前面(在范圍之外的前面)
in the front of在……的前面(在范圍內的前面)
There is a tree in front of the classroom..教室前面有一棵樹。(樹在教室外)
The teacher is standing in the front of the classroom.老師站在教室的前面。(老師在教室里)
4.What』s the matter?怎麼了?(出什麼事了?)
類似的表達法還有:What』s up?/What』s wrong?/What』s going on?
5.People enjoy living in a house with a lawn and a garden.人們喜歡住帶有草坪和花園的房子。
enjoy doing sth.喜歡、享受做某事。Enjoy後接名詞或動詞的ing形式,如:
He enjoys reading novels.他喜歡讀小說。
6.I hear you playing the piano beautifully.我聽見你彈鋼琴很動聽。
hear sb. doing sth.聽到某人正在做某事。如:.
I hear them singing songs in the next room.我聽到他們正在隔壁房間唱歌。
7.Hello, this is Mrs. Wang speaking.喂,我是王太太。
電話用語,不用I和you, 而用this和that。如:
This is Mary (speaking).我是瑪麗。
Who』s that (speaking)?你是誰?
8. The kitchen fan doesn』t work.廚房的排氣扇不工作了。
work進行順利,起作用,(機器)正常運轉
如:My clock doesn』t work.我的鍾不走了。
1. Excuse me, how can I get to the library?勞駕,去圖書館怎麼走?
2. Turn right at the second turn.在第二個拐彎處向右拐。
(1) turn right(left)= turn to the right (left)向右(左)拐
(2) turn (turning)名詞,拐彎處
at the first turning在第一個拐彎處
(3) Turn right at the second turn. =Take the second turning on the right.
3. Thank you anyway.仍然(還是)要謝謝你。類似的還有:
Thank you all the same./Thank you anyhow.
4. You need to take No. 718 bus here.你需要乘718路公共汽車。
need作行為動詞時,意為「需要,需求」,有人稱、數和時態的變化。need to do sth. 需要做某事,如:You need to have a good rest.你需要好好休息。
need還可作情態動詞,意為「必要,需要」,後接動詞原形,常用作否定形式needn』t,意為「不必」,如:You needn』t drive so fast.你不必開得這么快。
5. Every year thousands of people get hurt or die in road accidents.每年成千上萬的人在交通事故中受傷或死亡。
hundred和thousand等表示數目的詞前如果有確切的數字,這些詞不用復數形式,後面直接跟名詞;如果本身表示模糊的概念,這些詞用復數且後跟of才能再接名詞,如:two hundred books兩百本書hundreds of books成百上千本書
five thousand trees五千棵樹thousands of trees 成千上萬棵樹
6. If everyone obeys the rules, the roads will be much safer.如果人人都遵守交通規則的話,道路交通就會變得更加安全。
(1) much safer安全得多 much用在比較級前,強調程度。類似的還有a little等。
The earth is much bigger the moon.地球比月亮大得多。
Are you feeling much better today?你今天覺得好點了嗎?
Tom is a little taller than his mother.湯姆比他媽媽高一點兒。
(2) if 連詞,意為「如果,假如」
If you are hungry ,you can buy some food in the shop.如果你餓了,你可以在店裡買點食物。
If he comes , I will tell you .如果他來了,我就告訴你。
補充:
三、語言點:
1. 英語中常見的問路方法有:
(1) Is there a … near here?
(2) Where is the … ,please ?
(3) Do you know the way to… ,please?
(4) Which is the way to … ,please?
(5) How can I get to …?
(6) Can you tell me the way to…?
(7) Can you find the way to …?
(8) I want to go to… .Do you know the way?
2. 英語中常見的指路方法有:
It』s over there .
It』s next to the …
It』s across from…
It』s behind the …
It』s between … and … .
Walk/Go along this street.
It』s about …meters from here.
Take the first turning on the left.
Walk on and turn right.
四、形容詞比較級的構成:
絕大多數形容詞有三種形式,原級,比較級和最高級, 以表示形容詞說明的性質在程度上的不同。
形容詞的原級: 形容詞的原級形式就是詞典中出現的形容詞的原形。 例如:
poor tall great glad bad
形容詞的比較級和最高級: 形容詞的比較級和最高級形式是在形容詞的原級形式的基礎上變 化的。 分為規則變化和不規則變化。
規則變化如下:
1) 單音節形容詞的比較級和最高級形式是在詞尾加 -er 和 -est 構成。
great (原級) greater(比較級) greatest(最高級)
2) 以 -e 結尾的單音節形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加 -r 和 -st 構成。
wide (原級) wider (比較級) widest (最高級)
3)少數以-y, -er, -ow, -ble結尾的雙音節形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加 -er 和 -est 構成。
clever(原級) cleverer(比較級) cleverest(最高級)
4) 以 -y 結尾,但 -y 前是輔音字母的形容詞的比較級和最高級是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 構 成.
happy (原形) happier (比較級) happiest (最高級)
5) 以一個輔音字母結尾其前面的母音字母發短母音的形容詞的比較級和最高級是雙寫該輔音字 母然後再加 -er和-est。
big (原級) bigger (比較級) biggest (最高級)
6) 雙音節和多音節形容詞的比較級和最高級需用more 和 most 加在形容詞前面來構成。
beautiful (原級) difficult (原級)
more beautiful (比較級) more difficult (比較級)
most beautiful (最高級) most difficult (最高級)
常用的不規則變化的形容詞的比較級和最高級:
原級比較級最高級
goodbetterbest
manymoremost
muchmoremost
badworseworst
little lessleast
ill worseworst
farfarther(further) farthest(furthest)
1. What are you going to perform at Kangkang』s birthday party?你打算在康康的生日晚會上表演什麼?
「be going to+動詞原形」的句型常用來表示打算、准備做某事或即將發生或肯定要發生某事,be是助動詞,有人稱和數的變化,如:
He is going to have a swim this afternoon.
2. What about /How about +名詞、代詞或動名詞,意為「……怎麼樣?」常用來表示對……的看法,或表示建議、詢問的方式,如:
How/What about sitting here to look at the moon?坐在這兒賞月怎麼樣?
3. I only can sing English songs.我只會唱英文歌曲。(情態動詞can的用法)
They couldn』t sing any English songs two years ago.兩年前他們不會唱英文歌曲。
一段時間+ago:表示在……時間以前,如:three months ago三個月以前
4.What will you buy for Kangkang as a birthday present?你要給康康買什麼禮物?
「will+動詞原形」表將來。
5.I can play the guitar.
三、定冠詞the 的用法
1) 定冠詞特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以區別於同類中其他的人或事物。
2) 定冠詞用來指上文中已提到過的人或事物。
3) 定冠詞用於表示世界上獨一無二的事物或用於自然界現象或方位名詞之前。
the sunthe moonthe earth the skythe worldthe sea
4) 定冠詞與單數名詞連用,表示這一類人或物。
5) 定冠詞與某些形容詞連用,使形容詞名詞化, 表示某一類人。
6) 用在序數詞, 形容詞最高級和表示方位的名詞前。
7) 定冠詞用在演奏樂器的名稱和文藝活動,運動場所的名稱前。
8) 定冠詞用在報刊,雜志的名稱的名詞之前。
9) 定冠詞用在江河,海洋,山脈,群島的名稱之前。
10) 定冠詞用在姓名復數之前,表示一家人。
不用冠詞的場合。
1) 專有名詞,抽象名詞和物質名詞之前一般不用冠詞。
2) 表示日常餐食名詞之前不用冠詞,但如果指具體的飲食時用定冠詞 the。
3) 在季節,月份,星期,節日。球類運動,棋類游戲的名詞之前不用冠詞。
4)語言的名稱前不用冠詞。
5) 某些固定片語不用冠詞。
by air, on foot, at night, after school, at home, go to class, in fact, from morning till night.
『肆』 人教版 英語七年級語法總結
一般現在時態和現在進行時態都很簡單的啊,再加點序數詞的用法
『伍』 初一上學期英語語法總結。
1. 名詞
名詞可以分為專有名詞(Proper Nouns)和普通名詞 (Common Nouns),專有名詞是某個(些)人,地方,機構等專有的名稱,如Beijing,China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞,如:book,sadness等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類:
1)個體名詞(Indivial Nouns):表示某類人或東西中的個體,如:gun。
2)集體名詞(Collective Nouns):表示若干個個體組成的集合體,如:family。
3)物質名詞(Material Nouns):表示無法分為個體的實物,如:air。
4)抽象名詞(Abstract Nouns):表示動作、狀態、品質、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
個體名詞和集體名詞可以用數目來計算,稱為可數名詞(Countable Nouns),物質名詞和抽象名詞一般無法用數目計算,稱為不可數名詞(Uncountable Nouns)。歸納一下,名詞的分類可以下圖表示:
_______________________________________
| |專有名詞 | |
| 名 | | 個體名詞 | |
| | | | 可數名詞 |
| | | 集體名詞 | |
| |普通名詞 | | |
| 詞 | | 物質名詞 | |
| | | | 不可數名詞|
| | | 抽象名詞 | |
一般現在時的用法
1) 經常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。
時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意:此用法如果出現在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般現在時,用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進行時的標志,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以後句用一般現在時。
名詞復數的規則變化
___________________________________________________
情況 構成方法 讀音 例詞
__________________________________________________
一般情況 加 -s 1.清輔音後讀/s/; map-maps
2.濁輔音和母音後 bag-bags
讀 /z/; car-cars
___________________________________________________
以s,sh,ch,
x等結尾的詞 加 -es 讀 /iz/ bus-buses
watch-watches
___________________________________________________
以ce,se,ze,
(d)ge等結尾
的詞 加 -s 讀 /iz/ license-licenses
___________________________________________________
以輔音字母+y 變y 為i
結尾的詞 再加es 讀 /z/ baby---babies
___________________________________________________
人稱代詞的用法
1)人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語或主語補語,例如:
John waited a while but eventually he went home.
約翰等了一會兒,最後他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗,還真是她。
說明:在復合句中,如果主句和從句主語相同,代詞主語要用在從句中,名詞主語用在主句中,例如:
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.
約翰一到就直接去銀行了。
2)人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語或介詞賓語,但在口語中也能作主語補語,第一人稱在省略句中,還可以作主語,例如:
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他們在一起,至少我認為是她。(her做賓 語,them做介詞賓語,her做主語補語)
a. -- Who broke the vase? --誰打碎了花瓶?
b. -- Me. --我。(me做主語補語= It's me.)
說明:在上面兩例句中,her和me分別作主語補語。現代英語中多用賓格,在正式文體中這里應為she和I。
名詞的格
在英語中有些名詞可以加"'s"來表示所有關系,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名詞所有格的規則如下:
1) 單數名詞詞尾加"'s",復數名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加"'s",如the boy's bag 男孩的書包,men's room 男廁所。
2) 若名詞已有復數詞尾-s ,只加"'",如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗爭。
3) 凡不能加"'s"的名詞,都可以用"名詞+of +名詞"的結構來表示所有關系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。
4) 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時,名詞所有格的後面常常不出現它所修飾的名詞,如:the barber's 理發店。
5) 如果兩個名詞並列,並且分別有's,則表示"分別有";只有一個's,則表示'共有'。
如:John's and Mary's room(兩間) John and Mary's room(一間)
6) 復合名詞或短語,'s 加在最後一個詞的詞尾。
如:a month or two's absence
『陸』 七年級英語語法歸納
agree with sb 同意某人的看法
agree on sth 同意某事
arrive at/in sp 到達某地
ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事
ask sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事
be busy doing/with sth 忙於做某事
be strict in sth 對某事要求嚴格
be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格
decide to do sth 決定做某事
dislike doing sth 不喜歡做某事
enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事
find sb do/doing sth 發現某人做某事
finish doing sth 完成某事
give sb sth 給某人某物
give sth to sb 給某人某物
have fun doing sth 做…很有趣
help sb with sth 幫助某人某事
help sb (to) do sth 幫助某人做某事
it』s time for sth 該做某事了
it』s time for sb to do sth 該某人做某事了
it』s time to do sth 該做某事了
like doing/to do sth 喜歡做某事
make sb do sth 讓某人做某事
mind (sb) doing sth 介意(某人)做某事
pass sb sth 把某物遞給某人
pass sth to sb 把某物遞給某人
practice doing sth 練習做某事
remember doing sth 記得做過某事
remember to do sth 記得要做某事
see sb do/doing sth 看見某人做某事
show sb sth 給某人看某物
show sth to sb 給某人看某物
spend…(in) doing sth 花費…做某事
spend…on sth 花費…在某物上
start doing sth 開始做某事
start to do sth 開始做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
stop to do sth 停下來再做某事
talk about sth 談論某事
talk to/with sb 與某人交談
tell sb about sth 告訴某人關於某事
tell sb to do sth 告訴某人做某事
tell sb not to do sth 告訴某人不要做某事
want sth 想要某物
want to do sth 想要做某事
want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
watch sb do/doing sth 看見某人做某事
wish to do sth 希望做某事
would like to do sth 想要做某事
『柒』 初一上學期英語語法總結
1. 名詞
名詞可以分為專有名詞( Nouns)和普通名詞 (Common Nouns),專有名詞是某個(些)人,地方,機構等專有的名稱,如Beijing,China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞,如:book,sadness等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類:
1)個體名詞(Indivial Nouns):表示某類人或東西中的個體,如:gun。
2)集體名詞(Collective Nouns):表示若干個個體組成的集合體,如:family。
3)物質名詞(Material Nouns):表示無法分為個體的實物,如:air。
4)抽象名詞(Abstract Nouns):表示動作、狀態、品質、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
個體名詞和集體名詞可以用數目來計算,稱為可數名詞(Countable Nouns),物質名詞和抽象名詞一般無法用數目計算,稱為不可數名詞(Uncountable Nouns)。歸納一下,名詞的分類可以下圖表示:
_______________________________________
| |專有名詞 | |
| 名 | | 個體名詞 | |
| | | | 可數名詞 |
| | | 集體名詞 | |
| |普通名詞 | | |
| 詞 | | 物質名詞 | |
| | | | 不可數名詞|
| | | 抽象名詞 | |
一般現在時的用法
1) 經常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。
時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意:此用法如果出現在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般現在時,用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進行時的標志,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以後句用一般現在時。
名詞復數的規則變化
___________________________________________________
情況 構成方法 讀音 例詞
__________________________________________________
一般情況 加 -s 1.清輔音後讀/s/; map-maps
2.濁輔音和母音後 bag-bags
讀 /z/; car-cars
___________________________________________________
以s,sh,ch,
x等結尾的詞 加 -es 讀 /iz/ bus-buses
watch-watches
___________________________________________________
以ce,se,ze,
(d)ge等結尾
的詞 加 -s 讀 /iz/ license-licenses
___________________________________________________
以輔音字母+y 變y 為i
結尾的詞 再加es 讀 /z/ baby---babies
___________________________________________________
人稱代詞的用法
1)人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語或主語補語,例如:
John waited a while but eventually he went home.
約翰等了一會兒,最後他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗,還真是她。
說明:在復合句中,如果主句和從句主語相同,代詞主語要用在從句中,名詞主語用在主句中,例如:
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.
約翰一到就直接去銀行了。
2)人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語或介詞賓語,但在口語中也能作主語補語,第一人稱在省略句中,還可以作主語,例如:
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他們在一起,至少我認為是她。(her做賓 語,them做介詞賓語,her做主語補語)
a. -- Who broke the vase? --誰打碎了花瓶?
b. -- Me. --我。(me做主語補語= It's me.)
說明:在上面兩例句中,her和me分別作主語補語。現代英語中多用賓格,在正式文體中這里應為she和I。
名詞的格
在英語中有些名詞可以加"'s"來表示所有關系,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名詞所有格的規則如下:
1) 單數名詞詞尾加"'s",復數名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加"'s",如the boy's bag 男孩的書包,men's room 男廁所。
2) 若名詞已有復數詞尾-s ,只加"'",如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗爭。
3) 凡不能加"'s"的名詞,都可以用"名詞+of +名詞"的結構來表示所有關系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。
4) 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時,名詞所有格的後面常常不出現它所修飾的名詞,如:the barber's 理發店。
5) 如果兩個名詞並列,並且分別有's,則表示"分別有";只有一個's,則表示'共有'。
如:John's and Mary's room(兩間) John and Mary's room(一間)
6) 復合名詞或短語,'s 加在最後一個詞的詞尾。
如:a month or two's absence
『捌』 七年級上冊英語語法歸納
七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1)
七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1)
分類:英語學習
Unit 1 Where』s your pen pal from?
一.短語:
1 .be from = come from 來自於----
2. live in 居住在---
3. on weekends 在周末
4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 給某人寫信;寫信給某人
5 .in the world 在世界上 in China 在中國
6.pen pal 筆友 14 years old 14歲 favorite subject 最喜歡的科目
7.the United States 美國 the United Kingdom 英國 New York 紐約
8.speak English 講英語 like and dislike 愛憎
9.go to the movies 去看電影 play sports 做運動
二.重點句式:
1 Where』s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三.本單元的國家,人民、語言對應。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish
Unit 2 Where』s the post office?
一. Asking ways: (問路)
1. Where is (the nearest) ……? (最近的)……在哪裡?
2. Can you tell me the way to ……? 你能告訴我去……的路嗎?
3. How can I get to ……? 我怎樣到達……呢?
4. Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……嗎?
5. Which is the way to ……? 哪條是去……的路?
二.Showing the ways: (指路)
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿著這條街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二個路口向左轉。
3. You will find it on your right. 你會在你右手邊發現它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 離這里大約一百米遠。
5. You』d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交車去。(You』d better+動詞原形)
三.片語
1. across from …… 在……的對面 across from the bank 在銀行的對面
2. next to…… 緊靠…… next to the supermarket 緊靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之間
between the park and the zoo 在公園和動物園之間
among 表示位於三者或三者以上之間
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
課室前面有棵樹。
in the front of…… 在……(內)的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
課室內的前部有張桌子。
5. behind…… 在……後面 behind my house 在我家後面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右邊 on the left of our school 在我們學校的左邊
on one』s left/right 在某人的左/右邊 on my left 在我左邊
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿著……(街道) down/along Center Street 沿著中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 歡迎來到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的開始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的開始,前端
in the beginning 起初,一開始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得開心,過得愉快
我昨天玩得很開心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐計程車
16. 到達:get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到這/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17.go across 從物體表面橫過 go across the street 橫過馬路
go through 從空間穿過 go through the forest 穿過樹林
18.on + 街道的名稱。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具體門牌號+街道的名稱 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三.重難點解析
1.enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的樂趣,喜愛做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜愛讀書。
到目前為止,我們學了兩個特殊的動詞finish和enjoy,都是要帶 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我掃完了這間屋子。
2.hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通過這次考試。
hope +從句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天將會晴朗。
(從句即是一個小句子,這個小句子又放在大句子中,從屬於大句子,所以叫從句。如tomorrow will be fine是一個從句,它又放在I hope 的後面,形成句中有句。)
3. if 引導一個表示假設的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有許多錢,我就會去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你餓了的話,你可以在超市買一些食物。
四.本單元的反義詞、近義詞配對
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一.重點片語
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day ring the day
二. 交際用語
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they』re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they』re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because they』re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She』s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8.He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9.He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10.Let』s see the pandas first.
11.They』re kind of interesting.
12.What other animals do you like?
13.Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重點難點釋義
1、kind of 有點,稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有點害羞。
kind 還有「種類」的意思
如:各種各樣的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中國 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是專有名詞,首字母都應該大寫,而且和介詞in連用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的,和藹可親的
它是名詞friend的形容詞形式,常常和be動詞連用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟,同,和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意區別與and的用法,and通常用於連接主語或賓語,連接主語時,
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之後,如:
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with 「和…一起玩耍」「玩…」
I often play with my pet dog.
Don』t play with water!
5、day和night 是一對反義詞,day 表示白天或一天,night表示夜或夜晚。
通常說in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 葉子
復數形式為:leaves, 類似的變化還有:wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小時;點鍾
hour前邊通常加上冠詞an 表示「一個小時」, 即:an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 來自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. (食用的)肉,為不可數名詞,表示「許多」時,使用much來修
飾,即:much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草,為不可數名詞,表示「許多」時,使用much來修飾,即:much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 語法知識
特殊疑問句通常以「what」、「who」、「which」、「when」、「where」、「how」、「how old」、「how many」等開頭,對某一具體問題進行提問。
特殊疑問句的基本構成有兩種情況:
1. 疑問句+一般疑問句結構。這是最常見的情況。例如:
What』s your grandfather』s telephone number? 你爺爺的電話號碼是多少?
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那個大眼睛的男孩是誰?
Which season do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個季節?
When is he going to play the piano? 他什麼時候彈鋼琴?
Where does he live? 他住在哪兒?
How are you? 你好嗎?
How old are you? 你多大了?
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有幾個兄弟姐妹?
2. 疑問句+陳述句結構。這時疑問詞作主語或修飾主語。例如:
Who is on ty today?
今天誰值日?
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老師?
我們學過的What/How about+名詞/代詞+其他?也是特殊疑問句,它是一種省略結構。
例如:
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜歡英語。你呢?
What about playing basketball? 打籃球怎麼樣?
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一.短語:
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 給某人某物 / 把某物給某人
3 help sb do sth 幫助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 幫助某人謀事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----談話
8 be busy doing sth 忙於做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在醫院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚報
二.重點句式及注意事項:
1 詢問職業的特殊疑問詞是what;有三種主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名詞所有格/ 形容詞性物主代詞 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I』m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
三. 本單元中的名詞復數。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves agree with sb 同意某人的看法 agree on sth 同意某事
arrive at/in sp 到達某地 ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事
ask sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事 be interested in sth 對某事感興趣 be busy doing/with sth 忙於做某事 be strict in sth 對某事要求嚴格 be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格 decide to do sth 決定做某事 dislike doing sth 不喜歡做某事 enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事 find sb do/doing sth 發現某人做某事 finish doing sth 完成某事 give sb sth 給某人某物 give sth to sb 給某人某物 have fun doing sth 做…很有趣 help sb with sth 幫助某人某事 help sb (to) do sth 幫助某人做某事 help sb sth=help sth to sb it』s time for sth 該做某事了 it』s time for sb to do sth 該某人做某事了
it』s time to do sth 該做某事了 like doing/to do sth 喜歡做某事
make sb do sth 讓某人做某事 mind (sb) doing sth 介意(某人)做某事
pass sb sth 把某物遞給某人 pass sth to sb 把某物遞給某人
practice doing sth 練習做某事 remember doing sth 記得做過某事
remember to do sth 記得要做某事 see sb do/doing sth 看見某人做某事
show sb sth 給某人看某物 show sth to sb 給某人看某物
spend…(in) doing sth 花費…做某事 spend…on sth 花費…在某物上
start doing sth 開始做某事 start to do sth 開始做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事 stop to do sth 停下來再做某事
talk about sth 談論某事 talk to/with sb 與某人交談
tell sb about sth 告訴某人關於某事 tell sb to do sth 告訴某人做某事
tell sb not to do sth 告訴某人不要做某事 want sth 想要某物
want to do sth 想要做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
watch sb do/doing sth 看見某人做某事 wish to do sth 希望做某事
would like to do sth 想要做某事