A. 復旦附中自招英語題是不是有一點是高中語法
四校的自招題都不是一般難度
B. 英語語法有多少種
英語一共有多少種時態?
答;英語共種時態.
http://www.cnite.com/wxf/ReadNews.asp?NewsID=39&BigClassName=%D1%A7%CF%B0%D4%B0%B5%D8&SmallClassName=%D3%A2%D3%EF&SpecialID=0
http://lunwen.zhupao.com/Article/2005-10-25/20070.shtml
English Grammar:動詞的時態
英語共有16種時態,根據近幾年曝光的四、六級考卷分析, 時態測試重點主要有:完成時態——現在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時;進行時態——現在進行時、過去進行時、將來進行時、完成進行時;一般時態。
一、一般時態
1、一般現在時
(1)一般現在時表示沒有時限的持久存在的動作或狀態或現階段反復發生的動作或狀態,常和副詞 usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week 等連用。例如:
1)The moon moves round the earth..
2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.
(2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment 以及 if,unless 等引導的時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中,通常用一般現在時代替將來時。例如:
1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.
2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.
(3)某些表示起始的動詞,可用一般現在時表示按規定、計劃或安排要發生的動作,這類動詞有:be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave 等。例如:
1)The plane leaves at three sharp.
2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.
(4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as 等引導的從句中,也常用一般現在時代替將來時。例如:
1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.
2)You』ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.
2.一般過去時
(1)表示過去某一特定時間所發生的、可完成的動作或狀態,常與表示確切過去時間的詞、短語或從句連用。例如:
We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.
(2)表示過去習慣性動作。例如:
1)He always went to class last.
2)I used to do my homework in the library.
(注意與be used to doing短語的區別)
3.一般將來時
1)表示將來打算進行或期待發生的動作或狀態。例如:
I shall graate next year.
2)幾種替代形式:
1)be going to +v在口語中廣泛使用,表示准備做或將發生的事情。例如:
I』m going to buy a house when we』ve saved enough money.
2)be to +v表示計劃安排要做的事,具有「必要」的強制性意義。例如:
I am to play tennis this afternoon.
3)be about to +v表示即將發生的事情。例如:
He was about to start.
4)be e to +v表示預先確定了的事, 必定發生的事。例如:
The train is e to depart in ten minutes.
5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing 強調即將發生的某種事態。例如:
The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home.
二、進行時態
1.現在進行時
(1)表示現在正在進行的動作,常與now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等連用。例如:
Don』t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.
(2)表示現階段經常發生的動作, 常與always,continually,forever,constantly等連用。例如:
My father is forever criticizing me.
(3)表示根據計劃或安排在最近要進行的事情。具有這種語法功能的動詞僅限於過渡性動詞。即表示從一個狀態或位置轉移到另一個狀態或位置上去的動詞。常用的有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。例如:
They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.
(4)有些動詞不能用進行時,這是一類表示「感覺,感情,存在,從屬」等的動詞。如:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,appear,(表示感覺的詞);hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive(表示感情的動詞);be,exist,remain,stay,obtain(表示存在狀態的動詞);have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of,form(表示佔有與從屬的動詞);understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember(表示思考理解的動詞)。但是如果它們詞義改變,便也可用進行時態。例如:
1)Tom looks pale. What』s wrong with him?
(look 在此為聯系動詞,意為「顯得,看上去」)
2)Tom is looking for his books.
(look 在此為實義動詞,意為「尋找」)
2. 過去進行時
過去進行時表示一個過去的動作發生時或發生後,另一個過去的動作正在進行,或表示過去反復的習慣,常與always,continually,constantly等動詞連用。例如:
1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.
2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.
3. 將來進行時
將來進行時主要表示將來某一時刻正在進行的動作,或表示要在將來某一時刻開始,並繼續下去的動作。常用來表示禮貌的詢問、請求等。例如:
1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.
2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?
4. 完成進行時
(現在、過去、將來)完成進行時是(現在、過去、將來)完成時的強調形式,將放在完成時態部分講述。
三、完成時態
完成時態通常表示已完成或從事的動作。它可分為:
1. 現在完成時
(1)現在完成時用來表示對目前狀況仍有影響的,剛剛完成的動作(常與yet,already,just連用),或者過去某一時刻發生的,持續到現在的情況(常與for,since連用)。例如:
1)I have just finished my homework.
2)Mary has been ill for three days.
(2)常與現在完成時連用的時間狀語有:since, for, ring, over等引導出的短語;副詞already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等;狀語片語this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如:
1)I haven』t been there for five years.
2)So far, she hasn』t enjoyed the summer vacation.
3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.
(3)完成時態可用在下列結構中:
This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定語從句;This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定語從句;This (That, It) is (was) +形容詞最高級+ n +定語從句。如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時,從句的謂語動詞通常用現在完成時;如果主句謂語動詞是一般過去時,從句謂語動詞通常用過去完成時。例如:
(1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.
(2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.
2. 過去完成時
(1)表示過去某時間前已經發生的動作或情況,這個過去的時間可以用by,before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示;或者表示一個動作在另一個過去動作之前已經完成。例如:
1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.
2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.
(2)動詞expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用過去完成時,表示過去的希望、預期、意圖或願望等沒有實現。例如:
I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn』t able to get away.
另外兩種表示「過去想做而未做的事」的表達方式是:
1)was / were + to have done sth, 例如:
We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn』t.
2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth, 例如:
I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
(3)過去完成時常用於以下固定句型:
1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 過去完成時+ when + 過去時。例如:
Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.
2)no sooner +過去完成時+ than +過去時。例如:
No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.
3)by (the end of ) +過去時間,主句中謂語動詞用過去完成時。例如:
The experiment had been finished by 4 o』clock yesterday afternoon.
3. 將來完成時
將來完成時表示在將來某一時刻將完成或在另一個未來的動作發生之前已經完成的動作;也可以用來表示一種猜測。常與將來完成時連用的時間狀語有:by (the time / the end of ) + 表示將來時間的短語和句子;before (the end of ) + 表示將來時間的詞語或句子;when, after等加上表示將來動作的句子等。例如:
1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.
2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o』clock.
3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.
4. 完成進行時
完成進行時是完成時的強調形式,有現在完成進行時,過去完成進行時,將來完成進行時。
(1)現在完成進行時表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直延續到過去某一時刻。例如:
I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven』t found it.
(2)過去完成進行時表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直延續到過去某一時刻。例如:
It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.
(3)將來完成進行時表示在將來某一時刻之前開始的一個動作或狀態一直延續到將來某一時刻。例如:
By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.
四:時態一致
時態一致是英語四、六級考試的一個重要內容。通常應由主句謂語的時態決定從句的謂語時態。一般原則是:
1、當主句謂語使用現在時或將來時,從句的謂語根據具體情況使用任何時態
He says that he lives in Wuhan.
We hope that there will be many people at your party today.
「Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?」 「Yes, but I don』t know who bought it.」
「There』s a lot of excitement on the street.」
「There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?」
2、當主句謂語使用過去時的時候,從句的謂語必須使用過去范圍的時態
He said he was writing a novel.
The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.
He said his father had been an engineer.
3、當從句是表示沒有時間概念的真理時,從句的謂語應使用一般現在時。例如:
The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.
註:在此種情況下,即使主句謂語用了過去式的各種時態,從句謂語也應用一般現在時。
4、從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣的情況
利用時態一致原則確定從句動詞時態時,還應注意,若主語動詞是表示命令、請求、要求、建議、勸告等的動詞,從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣,不能遵循時態一致原則。例如:
We insisted that we do it ourselves.
動詞的語態
語態也是動詞的一種形式,英語有兩種語態:主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者,而被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。
1)We use electricity to run machines. (主動語態)
2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被動語態)
1. 不能用於被動語態的動詞和短語
(1)在英語中,不及物動詞不能用於被動語態,但有些不及物動詞(包括短語)容易引起誤用。如:appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。
(2)某些表示狀態或特徵的及物動詞,如:become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也沒有被動語態。
2. 被動語態的時態形式
常用的被動語態有表1 所列的幾種時態形式。
表1
時間 一般時 進行時 完成時
現在 am asked am being asked
is asked is being asked
are asked are being asked
過去
was be asked was being asked
were be asked were being asked
將來 shall be asked shall have been asked
will be asked will have been asked
過去 should be asked should have been asked
將來 would be asked would have been asked
3. 短語動詞的被動語態
短語動詞轉換為被動語態時,通常被看作是一個動詞,後面的介詞或副詞不能拆開或省略。例如:
1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.
2)All the rubbish should be got rid of.
4.「get + -ed分詞」的被動語態
「get + -ed分詞」結構強調動作的結果,而非動作本身,常用來表示突發性的,出乎意料的偶然事件。例如:
The boy got hurt on his way home from work.
另外,「get + -ed分詞」還可用於談論為自己做的事,是主動的行為而不是被動的行為。例如:
get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(離婚)
get engaged(訂婚) get confused(迷惑不解)
get lost(迷路) get washed(洗臉)
get married(結婚)
5. 能帶兩個賓語和復合賓語的動詞改為被動語態
(1) 能帶兩個賓語的動詞改為被動語態時,一次只能由一個賓語作主語,另一個賓語被保留下來。例如:
1)We showed the visitors our new procts.(主動語態)
2)The visitors were shown our new procts.(被動語態)
3)Our new procts were shown to the visitors.(被動語態)
(2)能帶復合賓語的動詞改為被動語態時,原來的賓語補足語變為主語補足語。例如:
1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主動語態)
2)He was appointed League secretary.(被動語態)
6. 被動語態與系表結構的區別
(1)The novel was well written.(系表結構)
(2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被動語態)
7. 少數動詞的主動語態有時有被動的意思
例1:The book is selling remarkably well.
例2:The song sounds very beautiful.
能這樣用的動詞還有read(讀起來),clean(擦起來),wash(洗起來),write(寫起來)。
例3:My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned).
能像need這樣用的動詞還有:want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。
例4:The meat is cooking.
例 5:The book written by the professor is printing.
C. 南充高中自主招生考試英語題型是什麼,還有單選嗎
2018學校自主招生的考試形式一般為「文化聯考+綜合素養測試」相結合的考試模式。文化聯考包括語數英三門科目;綜合素質測試分為上機測試和面試,上機測試在計算機上答題,考核學生人文素養;面試由面試員與考生交流,主要考核語言表達、心理素質、反應能力、知識面、職業傾向等基本職業素質。不過不同學校之間會有些許差別,具體請看各個學校的招生簡章。學院根據錄取原則預錄取,自主招生擬錄取考生名單在學院網站上進行公示並上報省考試院審核~~
D. 上海財大的自招英語走的是語法流還是詞義辨析流就是單選題部分重語法還是詞義辨析
語法題,詞彙題在選擇題里都有。難度都蠻大的,當然,如果你英語很牛的就不在話下了。
另外,有必要提醒你,那篇作文打分普遍蠻低的。你應該想想怎麼寫出挑。
我10年財大自招英語114,高考是130,你可以參考參考。
E. 英語語法大全
初三英語總復習資料
介詞
I. 要點
1、介詞和種類
(1) 簡單介詞,常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
(2) 復合介詞,如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
2、介詞和其他詞類的習慣搭配關系
(1) 和動詞的搭配,如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。
(2) 和形容詞的搭配,如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at
(3) 和名詞的搭配,如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.
3、介詞短語可以有自己的修飾語,這種修飾語通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少數幾個副詞。如:
He came right after dinner.
He lives directly opposite the school.
4、 某些介詞的意義與用法舉例
(1) at, on, in(表時間)
表示時間點用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等;表示不確定的時間或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。
指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。
指長於或短於一天的時段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。
(2) between, among(表位置)
between僅用於二者之間,但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個之間的相互關系時,也用between, 如
I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
The village lies between three hills.
among用於三者或三者以上之間。如:He is the best among the students.
(3) beside, besides
beside意為"在…旁邊",而besides意為"除…之外"。如:
He sat beside me.
What do you want besides this?
(4)in the tree, on the tree
in the tree 指動物或人在樹上,而on the tree 指果實、樹葉長在樹上
(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way
on the way 指在路上 in the way 指擋道
by the way 指順便問一句 in this way 用這樣的方法
(6)in the corner, at the corner
in the corner 指在拐角內 at the corner 指在拐角外
(7)in the morning, on the morning
in the morning 是一般說法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
(8)by bus, on the bus
by bus 是一般說法 on the bus 特指乘某一輛車
II. 例題
例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?
A except B but C beside D besides
解析:A、B兩項except等於but,意為"除了…",C-beside意為"在…旁邊",不符合題意。而D-besides, 意為"除了…之外,還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為:除了英語外,你還知道別的語言嗎?
例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
A on B at C in D ring
解析:我們均知道,at night這一短語,但如果night前有修飾詞,表具體的夜晚,則要用介詞on來修飾,故該題正確答案為A。
例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.
A to B in C at D on
解析:該題正確答案為A。look forward to 為固定搭配,意為"期望、盼望"。
連詞
I. 要點
1、 連詞的種類
(1) 並列連詞用來連接並列關系的詞、短語或分句,如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。
(2) 從屬連詞用來引導從句,如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。
除了從屬連詞(引導狀語從句)外,還有其它可以用來引導從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導名詞性從句),關系代詞和關系副詞(引導定語從句)。
2、 常用連詞舉例
(1)and 和,並且
They drank and sang all night.
(2) both…and 和, 既…也…
Both my parents and I went there.
(3) but 但是,而
I'm sad, but he is happy.
(4) either…or 或…或…, 要麼…要麼…
Either you're wrong, or I am.
(5) for因為
I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.
(6) however 然而,可是
Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.
(7) neither…nor 既不…也不
Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.
(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…
He not only sings well, but also dances well.
(9) or 或者,否則
Hurry up, or you'll be late.
Are you a worker or a doctor?
(10) so 因此,所以
It's getting late, so I must go.
(11) although 雖然
Although it was late, they went on working.
(12) as soon as 一 …就
I'll tell him as soon as I see him.
(13) because 因為
He didn't go to school, because he was ill.
(14)unless 除非,如果不
I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.
(15)until 直到…
He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬間動詞用於not… until 結構)
He stayed there until eleven.
(16)while 當…時候,而 (表示對比)
While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while後不可用瞬間動詞)
My pen is red while his is blue.
(17)for 因為
He was ill, for he didn't come. (結論是推斷出來的)
(18)since自從…
I have lived here since my uncle left.
(19)hardly… when 一… 就
I had hardly got to the station when the train left.
(20)as far as 就… 來說
As far as I know, that country is very small.
You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那裡)
II. 例題
例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
A as well B as well as C so well D so well as
解析:該題意為:John踢足球如果不比David好的話,那也踢得和David一樣好。 和…一樣好為as well as. 故該題正確答案為B.
例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A when B where C which D while
解析:該處意為"然而",只有while有此意思,故選D。
例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
解析:該處意為"或者",正確答案為C。
動詞時態、語態
I. 要點
1、 一般現在時
(1) 表示經常發生的動作或現在存在的狀態,常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時間狀語連用。如:Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
(2) 表示客觀真理、科學事實等。如:The earth goes round the sun.
2、 現在進行時
(1) 表示說話時或現階段正在進行的動作,常與now, at present等時間狀語連用。如:
What are you doing now?
(2) 和always, continually等連用,表一種經常反復的動作,常含有某種情感。如:
He is always doing good deeds.
3、 現在完成時
主要表示動作發生在過去,對現在仍有影響,或動作一直延續到現在,或可能還要繼續下去,常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般將來時
表示將來某一時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如:
I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
We're going to see a film next Monday.
5、一般過去時
表示在過去某一時間或某一階段內發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如:It happened many years ago.
6、過去進行時
表示過去某一時刻或某一時期正在發生的動作。如:
What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、 過去完成時
表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作。如:
The train had already left before we arrived.
8、一般過去將來時
表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發生的動作。如:
He said he would come, but he didn't.
9、被動語態 被動語態的時態,以give為例。
時/式 一般 進行 完成
現在 am is given are am is being are has been given have
過去 was given were was being given were had been given
將來 shall be given will shall have been given will
過去將來 should be given would should have been given would
II.例題
例1 I learned that her father ____ in 1950.
A had died B died C dead D is dead
解析:該題正確答案為B。從句中的謂語動詞動作雖然發生在主句謂語動詞的動作之前,但因從句中有明確的過去時間狀語in 1950, 所以不用過去完成時態,而用一般過去時態。
例2 The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.
A is looked B has looked for
C is being looked for D has been looked
解析:該題正確答案為C。在帶有介詞的動詞短語用於被動語態句中,介詞不能省,否則就變成了不及物動詞短語,而不能用於被動語態的句子中。
短語動詞
I. 要點
英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體,其用法有的相當於及物動詞,有的相當於不及物動詞,有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特徵。英語短語動詞的構成主要有以下六種:
(1) 動詞+介詞
常見的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後。如:
Don't laugh at others.
I didn't care about it.
(2) 動詞+副詞
常見的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞,既可放在副詞前邊,又可放在副詞後邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則要放在副詞前邊。如:You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don't forget to hand it in.
(3) 動詞+副詞+介詞
常見的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後邊。如:
All his money added up to no more than $100.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4) 動詞+名詞+介詞
常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後邊。如:You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
(5) 動詞+形容詞
常見的有leave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞,則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊,也可放在後邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則必須放在形容詞前邊。如:
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
(6) 動詞+名詞
常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如:
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
(7)辨析
give away(讓給,暴露) 和 give up(放棄,停止)
put away(放起,收起) 和 put out (撲滅)
turn up(出席,放大) 和 turn on (打開)
keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不讓靠近)
make up(編造,補上) 和 make out(辨認)
take off(脫,起飛) 和 take out(拿出)
II. 例題
例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
解析:該題正確uot;;give away意為"分發";lay up"貯藏"。例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
A touch B relation C connection D friendship
解析:該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語動詞,意為"保持聯系"。
例3 ____! There's a train coming.
A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
解析:該題選A. look out 意為"小心"。
動詞不定式
I. 要點
1、 不定式的形式。以動詞write為例。
式|語態 主動語態 被動語態
一般式 to write to be written
完成式 to have written to have been written
進行式 to be writing
完成進行式 to have been writing
2、 不定式的句法功能
(1) 作主語
To hear from you is nice.
To be a good teacher is not easy.
不定式作主語時,為了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主語,而不定式置於謂語動詞後。如:It's nice to hear from you.
It's not easy to be a good teacher.
(2) 作賓語
通常用於want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等詞後。如:
I forgot to lock the door.
Please remember to write to me.
(3) 作表語
My job is to pick up letters.
He seemed to have heard nothing.
(4) 作定語
不定式作定語時,須放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞後。如:
I have two letters to write.
I have a lot of work to do.
(5) 作賓補
通常用於want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等詞後。如:
He ordered her to leave at once.
He was forced to obey his order.
(6) 作狀語
He got up early to catch the first bus.
He worked hard to catch up with the other students.
(7) 作獨立成分
To tell you the truth, I told a lie.
(8) "疑問詞+不定式"結構。 如:
I don't know how to choose them.
I cannot decide where to go.
(9)不定式的否定式。如:
I decided not to go.
(10)不定式的完成式。如:
He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.
The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.
(11)too…to 結構。如:
He was too excited to go to sleep.
He was only too glad to go. (他太高興了,樂意去)
(12)主動表被動。如:
The book is easy to read.
I have a book to read.
II.例題
例1 I haven't got a chair ____.
A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting
解析:該題選C。不定式to sit on在句中作定語,修飾名詞chair. 因為不定式和它所修飾的名詞間是"動賓關系",所以不定式必須是及物動詞,故此處on不能省略。
例2 He was made ____. A go B gone C going D to go
解析:該題選D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被動形式,不定式do前的to不能省略。
例3 A new factory is ____ very soon.
A to be built B built
C to build D to building
解析:該題選A。is to be built意為"將要被建"。
F. 英語語法基礎入門
G. 自主招生英語考試題
你好。
英語和物理很簡單(相對那些聯考)。英語有20道單選,包括10個語法,10個詞彙。完型很難,單詞基本都不會,3篇閱讀,高考難度,不難。還有一個選句子填空的,4級題型。作文200字,天生我才必有用。還有去年1個半小時,幾年1小時。題目會少一些。給分吧。
H. 英語所有語法的主要規則
英語語法總結一.詞性1. 實詞1.名詞 noun. N.名詞是實詞的一種,也是詞性的一種,用來代替實體或抽象概念的詞,可以獨立成句。通常可以用代詞來代替。A. 專有名詞(Proper Nouns) -某個/某些人,地方,機構等專有的稱呼,比如China, Mary.B. 普通名詞 (Common Nouns)-一類人或東西,或一個抽象概念的名詞,比如 book,friendship.2.代詞(Pronoun) pron.代替名詞的詞類,大多數具有名詞和形容詞的功能。A.人稱代詞人稱代詞 第一人稱單數 第二人稱單數 第三人稱單數 第一人稱復數 第二人稱復數 第三人稱復數 主格 I you he/she/it we you they 賓格 me you him/her/it us you them 人稱代詞 第一人稱單數 第二人稱單數 第三人稱單數 第一人稱復數 第二人稱復數 第三人稱復數 形容詞性物主代詞 my your his/her/its our your their 名詞性物主代詞 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs 漢語 我的 你的 他的/她的/它的 我們的 你們的 他(她、它)們的B.物主代詞表示所有關系的代詞叫做物主代詞(Possessive Pronouns),也叫人稱代詞的所有格。物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。物主代詞有人稱和數的變化。第三人稱單數的物主代詞還有性別的變化(見上表)C.指示代詞(demonstrative pronoun)表示指示概念的代詞,用來指示或表示人或事物的代詞。指示代詞和定冠詞以及人稱代詞一樣,都具有指定的含義,用來起指示作用,或用來代替前面已經提到過的名詞。指示代詞的分類 (單數復數,既可作限定詞又可作代詞)單數 限定詞:This girl is Mary.代詞:This is Mary復數限定詞:Those men are my teachers.代詞:Those are my teachers.指示代詞的句法功能指示代詞在句子中可以充當:主語,賓語,表語,定語。 D.反身代詞反身代詞表示反射或強調的代詞。它的基本含義是:通過反身代詞指代主語,使施動者把動作在形式上反射到施動者自己。因此,反身代詞與它所指代的名詞或代詞形成互指關系,在人稱、性質、數上保持一致Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.E.關系代詞用於引導定語從句,代表先行詞,同時在從句中作一定的句子成分。有主格,賓格和屬格之分,也分為指人和指物兩種限定性 指人 非限定性 指物 限定性 指人或指物 主 格 who/that which/that that 賓 格 whom which/that that 屬 格 whose of which/whose of which/whoseF.疑問代詞1.疑問代詞在句子中充當名詞片語以構成疑問句What, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, whichever, whoever.2) 疑問代詞在句中應位於謂語動詞之前,沒有性和數的變化,除who之外也沒有格的變化。what, which, whose還可作限定詞。G.相互代詞相互代詞(reciprocal pronoun)就是表示相互關系的代詞。它與它所指代的名詞或代詞是一種互指關系,因此它們是復數或者二者以上。英語中的相互代詞只有兩個,即each other和one another傳統語法認為,相互關系存在於兩個人或物之間用each other, 存在於兩個以上人和物之間用one anotherH.不定代詞 不定代詞,即不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞 常用的不定代詞:· some(something,somebody,someone),any(anything,anybody,anyone), no(nothing,nobody,no one), every(everything,everybody,everyone,),all,each,both,much,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s),another,none,one,either, neither等 不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞,在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語I.連接代詞疑問代詞在引起從句時,都稱為連接代詞,包括who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever,一共九個,即除了whose後不能加「-ever」後綴,其餘都行3. 數詞 num.基數詞 One, two, three… 一,二,三。。。序數詞 First, second, third… 第一,第二, 第三。。。4. 形容詞 adj.修飾名詞或代詞,表示事物的特徵。5. 副詞 adv.用於修飾動詞,形容詞,全句的詞, 說明時間,地點,程度,方式等概念。可以分為時間副詞,地點副詞,方式副詞,程度副詞,疑問副詞,連接副詞,關系副詞,頻率副詞,和說明性副詞。6.動詞 v.用來形容或表示各類動作的詞彙,一個完整的句子中有至少一個動詞2.虛詞7. 冠詞 art.冠詞是虛詞,不能單獨使用。用在名詞前面幫助指明名詞的含義。冠詞是名詞的一種標志,它不能離開名詞而獨立存在,它表示主語的數量或特徵。 8. 介詞 prep.介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞,句與句之間的關系的虛詞,不能單獨作句子成分。介詞後面一般有名詞,代詞,或相當於名詞的其他詞類,短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構成介詞片語,在句中作狀語,表語,補語或者介詞賓語。介詞可以分為時間介詞,地點介詞,方式介詞,原因介詞和其他介詞。 9. 連詞 conj.連詞是一種虛詞,不能獨立擔任句子成分而只連接詞與詞,短語與短語以及句與句的作用。連詞主要分為4類:並列連詞,轉折連詞,選擇連詞和因果連詞。 10.助詞 助詞是附著在詞,短語,句子的前面或後面,表示結構關系或某些附加意義的虛詞。助詞有結構助詞,時態助詞,語氣助詞三種 11. 嘆詞 interj. 嘆詞是語法學術詞。表示感嘆,呼喚,應答的詞。 3.判斷詞現代漢語中表示條件,讓步,轉折等關系的連詞多包涵一個來自判斷詞「是」的語素,如 Yes 和 No. 4.情態動詞1,,情態動詞不能表示正在發生或者已經發生的事情,指標是期待或者估計某件事情的發生。2.情態動詞除ought 和have 之外,後面只能接不帶to 的不定式3.情態動詞沒有人稱,數的變化,即情態動詞第三人稱單數不加S4.情態動詞沒有非謂語形式,即沒有不定時,分詞等形式。 5.感嘆詞感嘆詞是用來表示說話時表達的喜怒哀樂等情感的詞。它不構成後面句子的一個語法成分,卻在意義上與它有關連,後面的句子一般說明這種情緒的性質、原因。感嘆詞是英語口語中最富於表現力的詞語之一,用途甚廣。學會它,對於提高英語的交際能力,表達復雜的思想起著舉足輕重的作用。英語中的感嘆詞很多,但目前的語法著作中卻很少對它進行歸納總結,致使許多人對含有感嘆詞的句子理解不透。現將部分感嘆詞的用法進行小結: 一、Oh 表示驚訝、指責、痛苦、稱贊、懊惱等,可譯為「哦」、「哎呀」、「噢」「啊」、「呀」等。 6.其他 1.動名詞動名詞是一種兼有動詞和名詞特徵的非限定動詞。它可以支配賓語,也能被副詞修飾,動名詞有時態和語態的變化。V-ing 2.動詞不定式不定式:to+動詞原形 不定式是一種非限定性動詞(在句中不能單獨充當謂語的動詞,可分為不定式,動名詞,現在分詞和過去分詞) 3.分詞 具有動詞及形容詞二者特徵的詞。二.句子成分 (7種)主語,謂語,賓語,定語,補語,狀語,表語1. 主語句子陳述的對象,說明是誰或什麼。名詞,代詞,數詞,動名詞,不定式,一個句子,都可以作主語。2. 謂語對主語動作或狀態的陳述或者說明,指出「做什麼」和「是什麼」或「怎麼樣」。謂語動詞的位置一般在主語之後。3. 賓語指一個動作(動詞)的接受者。賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語(賓語補足語)兩類。直接賓語指動作的直接對象,間接賓語說明動作的非直接,但是受動作影響的對象。一般而言,及物動詞後面至少要有一個賓語(通常為直接賓語),有些及物動詞要求兩個賓語(通常一個為直接賓語,一個為間接賓語)。名詞,代詞,數詞,動名詞,不定式,一個句子,都可以作賓語。而to do 不定式用於賓語補足語。4. 定語用於修飾,限定,說明名詞或代詞的品質與特徵。形容詞,名詞,代詞,數詞,介詞短語,動詞不定式,分詞,定語從句或相當於形容詞的詞,短語,或句子都可以作定語。5. 狀語修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞等的句子成分。作用:說明地點,時間,原因,目的,結果,條件,方向,程度,方式和伴隨狀況等。一般用副詞,介詞短語,分詞和分詞短語,不定式或相當於副詞的詞或短語擔當。一般位於句末,但也可以放在句首或句中。6. 補語作用於主語和賓語,起補充說明的作用。最常見的是賓語補足語。名詞,動名詞,形容詞,副詞,不定式,現在分詞,過去分詞都可以在句子中作賓語補足語。7. 表語表語用於說明主語的身份,性質,品行,特徵和狀態。常位於系動詞(be, become, appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等詞)之後。常由名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語,不定式,動名詞,從句充當。充當表語的句子叫做表語從句。三.基本句型結構 : 簡單句,並列句和復合句 1. 簡單句:5大基本句型 1.主語+謂語 主謂結構,謂語多為不及物動詞 It happens. 它發生了。 2.主語+連系動詞+表語 主系表結構 Leaves turn yellow. 葉子變黃了。 She is a teacher. 她是一名老師。 3.主語+謂語+賓語 主謂賓結構 謂語多為及物動詞 I play the piano. 我彈鋼琴。 4.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語主謂賓賓結構,謂語是可以有雙賓語的及物動詞。2個賓語一個是直接賓語,一個是間接賓語。 He gave the book to his sister. 他把這本書給了他的妹妹。 He gave his sister the book. 他把這本書給了他的妹妹。 5.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語 主謂賓補結構,補語是賓語補語,和賓語一起構成復合賓語 I find the book easy. (easy作補語) 有時主語和謂語都不止一個但依然是簡單句。 It 引導結構 It 既是代詞又是引詞 可以作為形式主語(It is +adj. +for/of sb. to do sth. )或形式賓語(it +adj. +to do sth. )It 也用於強調句結構。 It is (was) + 強調部分(主語,賓語或狀語)+ that(who)… 2. 並列句 兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用並列連詞連在一起構成的句子。 基本結構:簡單句+並列連詞(and, but, so , or等)+簡單句 3. 復合句 Complex Sentence 由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成 主句通常可以獨立存在而從句不能 從句必須由關聯詞引導