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語法英語表達方式

發布時間:2021-03-14 20:27:57

❶ 英語語法有多少種

英語一共有多少種時態?

答;英語共16種時態.

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http://lunwen.zhupao.com/Article/2005-10-25/20070.shtml

English Grammar:動詞的時態
英語共有16種時態,根據近幾年曝光的四、六級考卷分析, 時態測試重點主要有:完成時態——現在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時;進行時態——現在進行時、過去進行時、將來進行時、完成進行時;一般時態。

一、一般時態

1、一般現在時

(1)一般現在時表示沒有時限的持久存在的動作或狀態或現階段反復發生的動作或狀態,常和副詞 usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week 等連用。例如:

1)The moon moves round the earth..

2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.

(2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment 以及 if,unless 等引導的時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中,通常用一般現在時代替將來時。例如:

1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.

2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.

(3)某些表示起始的動詞,可用一般現在時表示按規定、計劃或安排要發生的動作,這類動詞有:be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave 等。例如:

1)The plane leaves at three sharp.

2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.

(4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as 等引導的從句中,也常用一般現在時代替將來時。例如:

1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.

2)You』ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.

2.一般過去時

(1)表示過去某一特定時間所發生的、可完成的動作或狀態,常與表示確切過去時間的詞、短語或從句連用。例如:

We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.

(2)表示過去習慣性動作。例如:

1)He always went to class last.

2)I used to do my homework in the library.

(注意與be used to doing短語的區別)

3.一般將來時

1)表示將來打算進行或期待發生的動作或狀態。例如:

I shall graate next year.

2)幾種替代形式:

1)be going to +v在口語中廣泛使用,表示准備做或將發生的事情。例如:

I』m going to buy a house when we』ve saved enough money.

2)be to +v表示計劃安排要做的事,具有「必要」的強制性意義。例如:

I am to play tennis this afternoon.

3)be about to +v表示即將發生的事情。例如:

He was about to start.

4)be e to +v表示預先確定了的事, 必定發生的事。例如:

The train is e to depart in ten minutes.

5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing 強調即將發生的某種事態。例如:

The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home.

二、進行時態

1.現在進行時

(1)表示現在正在進行的動作,常與now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等連用。例如:

Don』t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.

(2)表示現階段經常發生的動作, 常與always,continually,forever,constantly等連用。例如:

My father is forever criticizing me.

(3)表示根據計劃或安排在最近要進行的事情。具有這種語法功能的動詞僅限於過渡性動詞。即表示從一個狀態或位置轉移到另一個狀態或位置上去的動詞。常用的有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。例如:

They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.

(4)有些動詞不能用進行時,這是一類表示「感覺,感情,存在,從屬」等的動詞。如:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,appear,(表示感覺的詞);hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive(表示感情的動詞);be,exist,remain,stay,obtain(表示存在狀態的動詞);have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of,form(表示佔有與從屬的動詞);understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember(表示思考理解的動詞)。但是如果它們詞義改變,便也可用進行時態。例如:

1)Tom looks pale. What』s wrong with him?

(look 在此為聯系動詞,意為「顯得,看上去」)

2)Tom is looking for his books.

(look 在此為實義動詞,意為「尋找」)

2. 過去進行時

過去進行時表示一個過去的動作發生時或發生後,另一個過去的動作正在進行,或表示過去反復的習慣,常與always,continually,constantly等動詞連用。例如:

1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.

2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.

3. 將來進行時

將來進行時主要表示將來某一時刻正在進行的動作,或表示要在將來某一時刻開始,並繼續下去的動作。常用來表示禮貌的詢問、請求等。例如:

1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.

2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?

4. 完成進行時

(現在、過去、將來)完成進行時是(現在、過去、將來)完成時的強調形式,將放在完成時態部分講述。

三、完成時態

完成時態通常表示已完成或從事的動作。它可分為:

1. 現在完成時

(1)現在完成時用來表示對目前狀況仍有影響的,剛剛完成的動作(常與yet,already,just連用),或者過去某一時刻發生的,持續到現在的情況(常與for,since連用)。例如:

1)I have just finished my homework.

2)Mary has been ill for three days.

(2)常與現在完成時連用的時間狀語有:since, for, ring, over等引導出的短語;副詞already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等;狀語片語this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如:

1)I haven』t been there for five years.

2)So far, she hasn』t enjoyed the summer vacation.

3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.

(3)完成時態可用在下列結構中:

This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定語從句;This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定語從句;This (That, It) is (was) +形容詞最高級+ n +定語從句。如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時,從句的謂語動詞通常用現在完成時;如果主句謂語動詞是一般過去時,從句謂語動詞通常用過去完成時。例如:

(1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.

(2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.

2. 過去完成時

(1)表示過去某時間前已經發生的動作或情況,這個過去的時間可以用by,before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示;或者表示一個動作在另一個過去動作之前已經完成。例如:

1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.

2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.

(2)動詞expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用過去完成時,表示過去的希望、預期、意圖或願望等沒有實現。例如:

I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn』t able to get away.

另外兩種表示「過去想做而未做的事」的表達方式是:

1)was / were + to have done sth, 例如:

We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn』t.

2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth, 例如:

I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.

(3)過去完成時常用於以下固定句型:

1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 過去完成時+ when + 過去時。例如:

Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.

2)no sooner +過去完成時+ than +過去時。例如:

No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.

3)by (the end of ) +過去時間,主句中謂語動詞用過去完成時。例如:

The experiment had been finished by 4 o』clock yesterday afternoon.

3. 將來完成時

將來完成時表示在將來某一時刻將完成或在另一個未來的動作發生之前已經完成的動作;也可以用來表示一種猜測。常與將來完成時連用的時間狀語有:by (the time / the end of ) + 表示將來時間的短語和句子;before (the end of ) + 表示將來時間的詞語或句子;when, after等加上表示將來動作的句子等。例如:

1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.

2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o』clock.

3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.

4. 完成進行時

完成進行時是完成時的強調形式,有現在完成進行時,過去完成進行時,將來完成進行時。

(1)現在完成進行時表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直延續到過去某一時刻。例如:

I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven』t found it.

(2)過去完成進行時表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直延續到過去某一時刻。例如:

It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.

(3)將來完成進行時表示在將來某一時刻之前開始的一個動作或狀態一直延續到將來某一時刻。例如:

By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.

四:時態一致

時態一致是英語四、六級考試的一個重要內容。通常應由主句謂語的時態決定從句的謂語時態。一般原則是:

1、當主句謂語使用現在時或將來時,從句的謂語根據具體情況使用任何時態

He says that he lives in Wuhan.

We hope that there will be many people at your party today.

「Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?」 「Yes, but I don』t know who bought it.」

「There』s a lot of excitement on the street.」

「There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?」

2、當主句謂語使用過去時的時候,從句的謂語必須使用過去范圍的時態

He said he was writing a novel.

The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.

He said his father had been an engineer.

3、當從句是表示沒有時間概念的真理時,從句的謂語應使用一般現在時。例如:

The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.

註:在此種情況下,即使主句謂語用了過去式的各種時態,從句謂語也應用一般現在時。

4、從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣的情況

利用時態一致原則確定從句動詞時態時,還應注意,若主語動詞是表示命令、請求、要求、建議、勸告等的動詞,從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣,不能遵循時態一致原則。例如:

We insisted that we do it ourselves.

動詞的語態

語態也是動詞的一種形式,英語有兩種語態:主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者,而被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。

1)We use electricity to run machines. (主動語態)

2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被動語態)

1. 不能用於被動語態的動詞和短語

(1)在英語中,不及物動詞不能用於被動語態,但有些不及物動詞(包括短語)容易引起誤用。如:appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。

(2)某些表示狀態或特徵的及物動詞,如:become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也沒有被動語態。

2. 被動語態的時態形式

常用的被動語態有表1 所列的幾種時態形式。

表1

時間 一般時 進行時 完成時

現在 am asked am being asked

is asked is being asked

are asked are being asked

過去

was be asked was being asked

were be asked were being asked

將來 shall be asked shall have been asked

will be asked will have been asked

過去 should be asked should have been asked

將來 would be asked would have been asked

3. 短語動詞的被動語態

短語動詞轉換為被動語態時,通常被看作是一個動詞,後面的介詞或副詞不能拆開或省略。例如:

1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.

2)All the rubbish should be got rid of.

4.「get + -ed分詞」的被動語態

「get + -ed分詞」結構強調動作的結果,而非動作本身,常用來表示突發性的,出乎意料的偶然事件。例如:

The boy got hurt on his way home from work.

另外,「get + -ed分詞」還可用於談論為自己做的事,是主動的行為而不是被動的行為。例如:

get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(離婚)

get engaged(訂婚) get confused(迷惑不解)

get lost(迷路) get washed(洗臉)

get married(結婚)

5. 能帶兩個賓語和復合賓語的動詞改為被動語態

(1) 能帶兩個賓語的動詞改為被動語態時,一次只能由一個賓語作主語,另一個賓語被保留下來。例如:

1)We showed the visitors our new procts.(主動語態)

2)The visitors were shown our new procts.(被動語態)

3)Our new procts were shown to the visitors.(被動語態)

(2)能帶復合賓語的動詞改為被動語態時,原來的賓語補足語變為主語補足語。例如:

1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主動語態)

2)He was appointed League secretary.(被動語態)

6. 被動語態與系表結構的區別

(1)The novel was well written.(系表結構)

(2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被動語態)

7. 少數動詞的主動語態有時有被動的意思

例1:The book is selling remarkably well.

例2:The song sounds very beautiful.

能這樣用的動詞還有read(讀起來),clean(擦起來),wash(洗起來),write(寫起來)。

例3:My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned).

能像need這樣用的動詞還有:want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。

例4:The meat is cooking.

例 5:The book written by the professor is printing.

❷ 英語語法現在進行時的表達形式

現在進行時 表示動作發生的時間是「現在」,動作目前的狀態是「正在進行中」。所謂「正在進行中」,是指在談到這件事的時候,這個動作還在進行中。至於它是什麼時候開始的,什麼時候會停下來,不是我們關心的。所以「正在進行時」的事件,可能發生幾年了,也可能只有幾分鍾。仍在進行中這是「正在進行時」的關鍵所在。它是一件持續進行的事情。 一、構成方法 現在進行時由 am/is/are 加現在分詞構成。 二、用法說明 表示此時此刻或現階段正在進行的動作。如: They』re having a meeting. 他們在開會。 I』m studying at an evening school. 我在上夜校。 表示計劃或安排好了的將來動作,常與一個表示將來的時間狀語連用。如: Mike is coming home on Thursday. 邁剋星期四回來。 They』re having a party next week. 下星期他們將開一個晚會。 註:表示安排將要做的事,人作主語宜用現在進行時,事物作主語,宜用一般現在時。試比較: I』m not going out this evening. 今晚我不準備出去。(不宜說I don』t…) The concert starts at 7: 30. 音樂會七點半開始。 現在進行時與always, often, forever等連用表示贊揚、厭煩等語氣。如: You』re always interrupting me! 你老打斷我的話!(抱怨) My father is always losing his car keys. 我爸老丟車鑰匙。(不滿) She』s always helping people. 她老是幫助別人。(贊揚) 現在進行時在時間和條件狀語從句中,代替過去將來時。如: He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise. 注意:像 be, think, understand, love, have, own, see, hear, find, belong to 等靜態動詞通常不用於進行時。 如需轉載請註明出處:弗蘭克英語 http://www.9988cd.com/intensive/tense/2011/0414/362.html

希望採納

❸ 英語 語法 急需

一個英語語法問題
急需高手解答~~~
檢舉
|
2012-3-24
15:09
提問者:
jcjcyzqy
|
懸賞分:20
|
瀏覽次數:40次
The
river
has
risen
three
feet
after
a
heavy
rain中
rise不是不及物動詞嗎?為什麽還可以接three
feet
這個賓語呢?
答:這個問題很有深度,樓主很細心。
英語和漢語不同,它沒有量詞這一說法。feet就是foot的復數形式,不管它指腳還是英尺,都是名詞。而rise是不及物動詞,後面不跟名詞作賓語的。
但我們知道,確實有:wait
a
minite.
這樣的說法。語法上有兩種說法:1.
省略介詞法。這里的wait是不及物動詞,後面省略了介詞for.
2.
名詞短語狀語法。如:表示時間的名詞,前面有this,
next,
last
時,名詞短語就可以作時間狀語:Last
week
I
went
to
the
theater.
還有
this
way,
do
sth.
three
times
(如樓上所舉例子)
本句我願意用省略介詞法來解釋:=The
river
has
risen
by
three
feet
after
a
heavy
rain.
PS:
談談名詞可用作狀語的用法
名詞用作狀語不是名詞的通常用法,在許多情況,它們會有自己的特定的搭配,使用時需注意。名詞作狀語的主要用法如下:
1.
表示時間。如:
Wait
a
moment.
等一會兒。
See
you
next
week.
下星期再見
I』ll
see
you
Saturday.
星期六再見。
I』m
always
busy
afternoons.
我下午總很忙。
We
watch
TV
most
evenings.
大多數晚上我們都看電視。
He
used
to
come
here
Sundays.
他過去每周星期天都來。
They
cared
for
the
child
day
and
night.
他們日夜照看這個孩子。
2.
表示地點。如:
The
Great
Wall
is
world
famous.
長城聞名於世界。
The
lathe
is
China
made.
這台機床是中國製造的。
Shanghai
made
watches
are
of
fine
qualities.
上海產的手錶質量優良。
You
can
follow
me.
I
am
going
that
way
too.
你可以跟著我走,我也去那個方向。
3.
表示距離。如:
He
has
walked
a
long
way
today.
他今天走了很長的路。
4.
表示方式。如:
Don』t
talk
to
me
that
way,
please.請不要這樣同我說話。
Place
these
tables
end
to
end.
把這些桌子一張接一張地放好。
They
walked
down
the
street
hand
in
hand.
他們手拉手沿街道走去。
He
was
seen
walking
arm
in
arm
with
a
lady.
有人看見他與一位女士臂挽著臂同行。
We
must
serve
the
people
heart
and
soul.
我們必須全心全意地為人民服務。
5.
表示讓步。如:
East
or
west,
home
is
best.
金窩銀窩,不如自己的草窩。
Winter
and
summer,
the
sun
itself
is
the
same.無論冬夏,太陽本身是一樣的。
The
sports
meet
will
be
held
rain
or
shine.運動會風雨無阻,照常舉行。
We
must
reach
the
destination
by
dawn,
rain
or
shine.
無論如何,我們務必於拂曉前抵達目的地。
6.
表示條件。如:
Small
pains,
small
gains.
少勞少得。
One
more
word
and
you
will
be
thrown
out
of
the
ship.
再說一句話,就把你扔下船。
7.
表示程度。如:
在某些固定搭配中,有些名詞可用作狀語表示程度。如:pitch
black(漆黑的),ice-cold(冰冷的),dirt-poor(非常窮困的),dog-tired(極疲倦的),stone-deaf(完全聾的),bone-dry(干透了的)等。
另外,有些名詞用於比較前表示程度。如:
He
is
a
head
taller
than
I.
他比我高一個頭。
You
are
only
one
month
younger
than
I.
你比我只小一個月。
Your
shoes
are
two
yuan
cheaper
than
mine.
你的鞋子比我的便宜兩塊錢。

❹ 一。。。。就用英語,使用什麼表達方式,和語法

1.as soon as
I will call you as soon as I arrive home.
我一到家就給你打電話
2.once
Once you have collected all the stamps with different pictures, you can sell them for $6000.
你一旦收集齊所有不同圖案的郵票就可以以六千美元賣掉它們。

❺ 英語語法項目的英文名稱或英文表達

時態:tense
語態:voice
單數:singular form
復數:plural form
主謂一致:agreement of subject and verb
定語從句:attributive clause
名詞性從句:noun clause
狀語從句:adverbial clause
虛擬語氣:subjunctive mood

❻ 初中英語語法如何用英語表達

常用語法術語表
句法 syntax
詞法 morphology
結構 structure
層次 rank
詞類 part of speech
實詞 notional word
虛詞 structrural word

名詞 noun
專有名詞 proper noun
普通名詞 common noun
可數名詞 countable noun
不可數名詞 uncountable noun
抽象名詞 abstract noun
具體名詞 concret moun
物質名詞 material noun
集體名詞 collective noun
個體名詞 indivial noun

介詞 preposition
連詞 conjunction

動詞 verb
主動詞 main verb
及物動詞 transitive verb
不及物動詞 intransitive verb
系動詞 link verb
助動詞 auxiliary verb
情態動詞 modal verb
規則動詞 regular verb
不規則動詞 irregular verb
短語動詞 phrasal verb
限定動詞 finite verb
非限定動詞 infinite verb
使役動詞 causative verb
感官動詞 verb of senses
動態動詞 event verb
靜態動詞 state verb感嘆詞 exclamation

副詞 adverb

方式副詞 adverb of manner
程度副詞 adverb of degree
時間副詞 adverb of time
地點副詞 adverb of place
修飾性副詞 adjunct
連接性副詞 conjunct
疑問副詞 interogative adverb
關系副詞 relative adverb

代詞 pronoun
人稱代詞 personal pronoun
物主代詞 possesive pronoun
反身代詞 reflexive pronoun
相互代詞 reciprocal pronoun
指示代詞 demonstrative pronoun
疑問代詞 interrogative pronoun
關系代詞 relative pronoun
不定代詞 indefinite pronoun
物主代詞 possecive pronoun
名詞性物主代詞 nominal possesive prnoun
形容詞性物主代詞 adjectival possesive pronoun

冠詞 article
定冠詞 definite article
不定冠詞 indefinite article

數詞 numeral
基數詞 cardinal numeral
序數詞 ordinal numeral
分數詞 fractional numeral

形式 form
單數形式 singular form
復數形式 plural form
限定動詞 finite verb form
非限定動詞 non-finite verb form
原形 base form

從句 clause
從屬句 subordinate clause
並列句 coordinate clause
名詞從句 nominal clause
定語從句 attributive clause
狀語從句 adverbial clause
賓語從句 object clause
主語從句 subject clause
同位語從句 appositive clause

時間狀語從句 adverbial clause of time
地點狀語從句 adverbial clause of place
方式狀語從句 adverbial clause of manner
讓步狀語從句 adverbial clause of concession
原因狀語從句 adverbial clause of cause
結果狀語從句 adverbial clause of result
目的狀語從句 adverbial clause of purpose
條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of condition
真實條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of real condition
非真實條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of unreal condition
含蓄條件句 adverbial clause of implied condition
錯綜條件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition

句子 sentence
簡單句 simple sentence
並列句 compound sentence
復合句 complex sentence
並列復合句 compound complex sentence
陳述句 declarative sentence
疑問句 interrogative sentence

一般疑問句 general question
特殊疑問句 special question
選擇疑問句 alternative question
附加疑問句 tag question
反義疑問句 disjunctive question
修辭疑問句 rhetorical question
感嘆疑問句 exclamatory question

存在句 existential sentence
肯定句 positive sentwence
否定句 negative sentence
祈使句 imperative sentence
省略句 elliptical sentence
感嘆句 exclamatory sentence
基本句型 basic sentence patern

句子成分 members of sentences
主語 subject
謂語 predicate
賓語 object
雙賓語 al object
直接賓語 direct object
間接賓語 indirect object
復合賓語 complex object
同源賓語 cognate object
補語 complement
主補 subject complement
賓補 object complement
表語 predicative
定語 attribute
同位語 appositive
狀語 adverbial

句法關系 syntatic relationship
並列 coordinate
從屬 subordination
修飾 modification
前置修飾 pre-modification
後置修飾 post-modification
限制 restriction
雙重限制 double-restriction
非限制 non-restriction

數 number
單數形式 singular form
復數形式 plural form
規則形式 regular form
不規則形式 irregular form

格 case
普通格 common case
所有格 possessive case
主格 nominative case
賓格 objective case

性 gender
陽性 masculine
陰性 feminine
通性 common
中性 neuter

人稱 person
第一人稱 first person
第二人稱 second person
第三人稱 third person

時態 tense
過去將來時 past future tense
過去將來進行時 past future continuous tense
過去將來完成時 past future perfect tense
一般現在時 present simple tense
一般過去時 past simple tense
一般將來時 future simple tense
現在完成時 past perfect tense
過去完成時 present perfect tense
將來完成時 future perfect tense
現在進行時 present continuous tense
過去進行時 past continuous tense
將來進行時 future continuous tense
過去將來進行時 past future continuous tense
現在完成進行時 present perfect continuous tense
過去完成進行時 past perfect continuous tense

語態 voice
主動語態 active voice
被動語態 passive voice

語氣 mood
陳述語氣 indicative mood
祈使語氣 imperative mood
虛擬語氣 subjunctive mood

否定 negation
否定范圍 scope of negation
全部否定 full negation
局部否定 partial negation
轉移否定 shift of negation

語序 order
自然語序 natural order
倒裝語序 inversion
全部倒裝 full inversion
部分倒裝 partial inversion

直接引語 direct speech
間接引語 indirect speech
自由直接引語 free direct speech
自由間接引語 free indirect speech

一致 agreement
主謂一致 subject-predicate agreement
語法一致 grammatical agreement
概念一致 notional agreement
就近原則 principle of proximity

強調 emphasis
重復 repetition
語音 pronunciation
語調 tone
升調 rising tone
降調 falling tone
降升調 falling-rising tone

文體 style
正式文體 formal
非正式文體 informal
口語 spoken/oral English
套語 formulistic expression
英國英語 British English
美國英語 American English
用法 usage

感情色彩 emotional coloring
褒義 commendatory
貶義 derogatory
幽默 humorous 諷刺 sarcastic
挖苦 ironic

❼ 英語有哪些語法都是什麼形式

繼續補充
1.2 其它名詞復數的規則變化

1) 以y結尾的專有名詞,或母音字母+y 結尾的名詞變復數時,直接加s變復數。例如:

two Marys the Henrys

monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays

2) 以o 結尾的名詞,變復數時:

a. 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos

radio---radios zoo---zoos;

b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes

c. 上述a和b兩種方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes。

3) 以f或fe 結尾的名詞變復數時:

a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs

safe---safes gulf---gulfs;

b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves

knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves

wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;

c. 上述a和b兩種方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。
1.3 名詞復數的不規則變化

1) child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth

mouse---mice man---men woman---women

注意:由一個詞加 man 或 woman構成的合成詞,其復數形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成詞,故復數形式為Germans;Bowman是姓,其復數是the Bowmans。

2) 單復同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民幣的元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復數形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。

3)集體名詞,以單數形式出現,但實為復數。例如:

people police cattle 等本身就是復數,不能說 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名詞,表示國民總稱時,作復數用,如The Chinese are instries and brave. 中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。

4) 以s結尾,仍為單數的名詞,如:

a. maths,politics,physics等學科名詞,一般是不可數名詞,為單數。

b. news 為不可數名詞。

c. the United States,the United Nations 應視為單數。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯合國是1945年組建起來的。

d. 以復數形式出現的書名,劇名,報紙,雜志名,也可視為單數。例如:

"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事書。

5) 表示由兩部分構成的東西,如:glasses (眼鏡) trousers, clothes等,若表達具體數目,要藉助數量詞 pair(對,雙); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。

6) 另外還有一些名詞,其復數形式有時可表示特別意思,如:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚。

❽ 英語語法表示疼的幾種方式

身體部位+ache
have a 部位ache
ache +in +部位
例如:
My back aches.
I have a toothache.
I ache in my back.
親:高老師祝你學習進步,每天都版開心V_V!權
望採納,thanks(thx)!

❾ 求英語各種語法形式的例句

狀語從句1.地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導。例如:
Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方樹很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪裡我都會想到你。 2.方式狀語從句
方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引導。
1)as, (just) as…so…引導的方式狀語從句通常位於主句後,但在(just) as…so…結構中位於句首,這時as從句帶有比喻的含義,意思是"正如…","就像",多用於正式文體。例如: Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎樣待你,你就要怎樣待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣,猶如魚兒離不開水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打掃房屋一樣,我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落後的東西。
2)as if, as though
兩者的意義和用法相同,引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣,表示與事實相反,有時也用陳述語氣,表示所說情況是事實或實現的可能性較大。漢譯常作"彷彿……似的","好像……似的"。例如:They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他們完全忽略了這些事實,就彷彿它不存在似的。(與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。(與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看來天氣很快就會好起來。(實現的可能性較大,謂語用陳述語氣。)
說明:as if / as though也可以引導一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語。例如:
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不轉睛地看著我,就像第一次看見我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子,像要說什麼似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波濤沖擊著岩石,好像很憤怒 3.原因狀語從句
比較because, since, as和for:
1)because語勢最強,用來說明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知,就用as或 since。例如:
I didn't go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因為我怕。
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天氣那麼糟,旅行推遲了。
2)由because引導的從句如果放在句末,且前面有逗號,則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因,而是多種情況加以推斷,就只能用for。例如:
He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席,因為他病了。
He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了,所以今天缺席。4.目的狀語從句
表示目的狀語的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導。例如:You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必須大點聲,別人就能聽見了。
He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it. 他寫下了這個名字以免以後忘記。
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿點衣服,以防天發冷。5.結果狀語從句
結果狀語從句常由so…that 或 such…that引導。so…that與such…that之間可以轉換。例如:
The boy is so young that he can't go to school. 這男孩年齡太小,不能上學。
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school 6. 條件狀語從句
連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。 unless = if not. 例如:
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累,我們去散散步。
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
典型例題
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. ifD. or
答案A。句意:除非你立即走,否則你就回遲到的。可轉化為 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不對,or表轉折,句子如為 You leave immediately or you will be late. 7. 讓步狀語從句
1)though, although引導的讓步狀語從句,後面的從句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可連用。例如:
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨,但他們仍在地里幹活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard. 雖然他很老了,但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 傷口雖癒合,但傷疤留下了。(諺語)
2) as, though 引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前(形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前)。例如:
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 雖然是個小孩,該做什麼不做什麼,他全知道。
3) ever if, even though即使。例如:
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好,我們也要去遠足。
4) whether…or…不管……都。例如:
Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你,這確實是真的。
5)"no matter +疑問詞" 或"疑問詞+後綴ever" 。例如:
No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不管發生什麼,他不在意。
替換:no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意:no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。8. 比較while, when, as
1)as, when 引導短暫性動作的動詞。例如:
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我一剎車,有一個人向我走來。
2)當從句的動作發生於主句動作之前,只能用when 引導這個從句,不可用as 或 while。例如: When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 趕完活後,你可以休息一下。
3)從句表示"隨時間推移"連詞能用as,不用when 或while。例如:
As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天過去,天氣越變越壞。9.比較until和till
此兩個連詞意義相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某時",動詞必須是延續性的。否定形式表達的意思是"直至某時才做某事"。動詞為延續性或非延續性都可以。正確使用這兩個連詞的關鍵之一就在於判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式。肯定句:I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。(在肯定句中可用before代替。例如 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.)
否定句:She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6點才到。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽車停穩後再下車。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我後,我才會做。
區別:1)until可用於句首,而till通常不用於句首。例如:
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告訴我以前,出了什麼事我一點也不知道。
2)until when 疑問句中,until要放在句首。例如:
---Until when are you staying?你呆到什麼時候?
--- Until next Monday.呆到下周一。
注意:否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。
1)Not until…在句首,主句用倒裝。例如:
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世紀初,人類才知道熱為何物。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作,才認識到我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。
2)It is not until… that… 。例如:
It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
10.表示"一…就…"的結構
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思。例如:
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 剛回家,就下起雨來了。
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意:如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置於句首,句子必須用倒裝結構。例如:
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.定語從句 1.關系代詞引導的定語從句1)who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中作主語和賓語。例如:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2) whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換)。例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3)which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語)
The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。 (which / that在句中作賓語)
2.關系副詞引導的定語從句 1)關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用。例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關系副詞,可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略。例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可 能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。
名詞性從句
(一)主語從句類
I What he need is more time 2 Where she has gone is a mystery. (二)表語從句類The fact iS that she never liked him. The question is who can complete teh dificult task。(三)賓語從句類1.Do you know what they are doing? 2.It is a matter of who will hold the position.(四)同位語從句類 He has no idea what was the matter with him.
The news that his class got the first prize in the relay—is true.

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