A. 初一英語上冊，每個單元知識語法總結點
初一英語語法總結
一、 詞法 1、名詞A）、名詞的數
我們知道名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞，而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式，但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分，復數的構成如下：
一）在後面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二）x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三）1）以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2）以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四）以o結尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五）以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六）單復數相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七）一般只有復數，沒有單數的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數也可以是復數的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學, family家，家庭成員
九）合成的復數一般只加主要名詞，多數為後一個單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數則同時為復數。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十）有的單復數意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
十一） 單個字母的復數可以有兩種形式直接加s或』s。如：Is (I』s), Ks (K』s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B）名詞的格
當我們要表示某人的什麼東西或人時，我們就要使用所有格形式。構成如下：
一）單數在後面加』s。如：brother』s, Mike』s, teacher』s
二）復數以s結尾的直接在s後加』，如果不是以s結尾的與單數一樣處理。如：Teachers』 Day教師節, classmates』; Children』s Day六一節, Women』s Day三八節
三）由and並列的名詞所有時，如果是共同所有同一人或物時，只加最後一個』s，但分別擁有時卻分別按單數形式處理。如：Mike and Ben』s room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mike』s and Ben』s rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）
2、代詞 項目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱 單數 I me my mine myself
復數 we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱 單數 you you your yours yourself
復數 you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱 單數 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself it it its its this that itself
復數 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、動詞 A） 第三人稱單數
當動詞是第三人稱單數時，動詞應該像名詞的單數變動詞那樣加s，如下：
一）一般在詞後加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三）1）以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2）以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四）以o結尾加es。如：does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has
B） 現在分詞
當我們說某人正在做什麼事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構成如下：
一）一般在後加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二）以不發音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三）以重讀閉音節結尾且一個母音字母＋一個輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最後的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四）以ie結尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位於
4、形容詞的級
我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時，則要使用比較或最高級形式。構成如下：
一） 一般在詞後加er或est(如果是以e結尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二）以重讀閉音節結尾且1個母音字母＋1個輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結尾的雙寫結尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三） 以輔音字母＋y結尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、數詞 (基變序，有規則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它後接th；y結尾，變為i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、句式
1.陳述句 肯定陳述句
a) This is a book. (be動詞)
b) He looks very young. (連系動詞)
c) I want a sweat like this. (實義動詞)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情態動詞)
e) There』s a computer on my desk. (There be結構)
否定陳述句
a) These aren』t their books. b) They don』t look nice. c) Kate doesn』t go to No. 4 Middle School.
d) Kate can』t find her doll. e) There isn』t a cat here. (=There』s no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let』s learn English! c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句a) Don』t be late. b) Don』t hurry.
3. 疑問句
1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?
肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.
否定回答: a) No, he isn』t. b) No, you can』t. c) No, she doesn』t. d) No, they don』t. e) No, she isn』t.
2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It』s big./ It』s small.
3) 特殊疑問句
① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is [email protected].
⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 問時間 What』s the time? (=What time is it?) It』s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o』clock.
When do you want to go? Let』s go at 7:00.
⑦ 問地方 Where』s my backpack? It』s under the table.
⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue. What』s your favourite color? It』s black.
⑨ 問人物 Who』s that? It』s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn』t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 問東西 What』s this/that (in English)? It』s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11問姓名 What』s your aunt』s name? Her name is Helen./She』s Helen.
What』s your first name? My first name』s Ben.
What』s your family name? My family name』s Smith.
12 問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 問字母 What letter is it? It』s big D/small f.
14 問價格 How much are these pants? They』re 15 dollars.
15 問電話號碼 What』s your phone number? It』s 576-8349.
16 問謂語(動作) What』s he doing? He』s watching TV.
17 問職業(身份) What do you do? I』m a teacher.
What』s your father? He』s a doctor.
三、時態
1、一般現在時
表示普遍、經常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現在時，它有：
Be 動詞：She』s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn』t a worker.
情態動詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can』t play the piano.
行為動詞：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don』t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn』t have a watch.
2、現在進行時
表示動詞在此時正在發生或進行就使用進行時態，結構為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I』m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I』m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn』t writing a letter.
They』re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren』t listening to the pop music. 望採納 ..
B. 七年級上冊英語語法歸納
七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1)
七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1)
分類：英語學習
Unit 1 Where』s your pen pal from?
一．短語：
1 ．be from = come from 來自於----
2． live in 居住在---
3． on weekends 在周末
4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 給某人寫信；寫信給某人
5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中國
6．pen pal 筆友 14 years old 14歲 favorite subject 最喜歡的科目
7．the United States 美國 the United Kingdom 英國 New York 紐約
8．speak English 講英語 like and dislike 愛憎
9．go to the movies 去看電影 play sports 做運動
二．重點句式：
1 Where』s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三．本單元的國家，人民、語言對應。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish
Unit 2 Where』s the post office?
一． Asking ways: (問路)
1． Where is (the nearest) ……？ （最近的）……在哪裡？
2． Can you tell me the way to ……？ 你能告訴我去……的路嗎？
3． How can I get to ……？ 我怎樣到達……呢？
4． Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……嗎？
5． Which is the way to ……？ 哪條是去……的路？
二．Showing the ways: （指路）
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿著這條街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二個路口向左轉。
3. You will find it on your right. 你會在你右手邊發現它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 離這里大約一百米遠。
5. You』d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交車去。（You』d better+動詞原形）
三．片語
1. across from …… 在……的對面 across from the bank 在銀行的對面
2. next to…… 緊靠…… next to the supermarket 緊靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之間
between the park and the zoo 在公園和動物園之間
among 表示位於三者或三者以上之間
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
課室前面有棵樹。
in the front of…… 在……（內）的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
課室內的前部有張桌子。
5. behind…… 在……後面 behind my house 在我家後面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右邊 on the left of our school 在我們學校的左邊
on one』s left/right 在某人的左/右邊 on my left 在我左邊
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿著……（街道） down/along Center Street 沿著中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 歡迎來到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的開始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的開始,前端
in the beginning 起初，一開始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得開心，過得愉快
我昨天玩得很開心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐計程車
16. 到達：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到這/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17．go across 從物體表面橫過 go across the street 橫過馬路
go through 從空間穿過 go through the forest 穿過樹林
18．on + 街道的名稱。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具體門牌號+街道的名稱 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三．重難點解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的樂趣，喜愛做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜愛讀書。
到目前為止，我們學了兩個特殊的動詞finish和enjoy，都是要帶 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我掃完了這間屋子。
2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通過這次考試。
hope +從句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天將會晴朗。
（從句即是一個小句子，這個小句子又放在大句子中，從屬於大句子，所以叫從句。如tomorrow will be fine是一個從句，它又放在I hope 的後面，形成句中有句。）
3. if 引導一個表示假設的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有許多錢，我就會去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你餓了的話，你可以在超市買一些食物。
四．本單元的反義詞、近義詞配對
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一．重點片語
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day ring the day
二. 交際用語
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they』re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they』re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because they』re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She』s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8．He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10．Let』s see the pandas first.
11．They』re kind of interesting.
12．What other animals do you like?
13．Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重點難點釋義
1、kind of 有點，稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有點害羞。
kind 還有「種類」的意思
如：各種各樣的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中國 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是專有名詞，首字母都應該大寫，而且和介詞in連用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的，和藹可親的
它是名詞friend的形容詞形式，常常和be動詞連用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟，同，和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意區別與and的用法，and通常用於連接主語或賓語，連接主語時，
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之後，如：
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with 「和…一起玩耍」「玩…」
I often play with my pet dog.
Don』t play with water!
5、day和night 是一對反義詞，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。
通常說in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 葉子
復數形式為：leaves, 類似的變化還有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小時；點鍾
hour前邊通常加上冠詞an 表示「一個小時」， 即：an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 來自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. （食用的）肉，為不可數名詞，表示「許多」時，使用much來修
飾，即：much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草，為不可數名詞，表示「許多」時，使用much來修飾，即：much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 語法知識
特殊疑問句通常以「what」、「who」、「which」、「when」、「where」、「how」、「how old」、「how many」等開頭，對某一具體問題進行提問。
特殊疑問句的基本構成有兩種情況：
1. 疑問句+一般疑問句結構。這是最常見的情況。例如：
What』s your grandfather』s telephone number? 你爺爺的電話號碼是多少？
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那個大眼睛的男孩是誰？
Which season do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個季節？
When is he going to play the piano? 他什麼時候彈鋼琴？
Where does he live? 他住在哪兒？
How are you? 你好嗎？
How old are you? 你多大了？
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有幾個兄弟姐妹？
2. 疑問句+陳述句結構。這時疑問詞作主語或修飾主語。例如：
Who is on ty today?
今天誰值日？
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老師？
我們學過的What/How about+名詞/代詞+其他？也是特殊疑問句，它是一種省略結構。
例如：
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜歡英語。你呢？
What about playing basketball? 打籃球怎麼樣？
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一．短語：
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 給某人某物 / 把某物給某人
3 help sb do sth 幫助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 幫助某人謀事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----談話
8 be busy doing sth 忙於做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在醫院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚報
二．重點句式及注意事項：
1 詢問職業的特殊疑問詞是what；有三種主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名詞所有格/ 形容詞性物主代詞 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I』m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
三． 本單元中的名詞復數。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves agree with sb 同意某人的看法 agree on sth 同意某事
arrive at/in sp 到達某地 ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事
ask sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事 be interested in sth 對某事感興趣 be busy doing/with sth 忙於做某事 be strict in sth 對某事要求嚴格 be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格 decide to do sth 決定做某事 dislike doing sth 不喜歡做某事 enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事 find sb do/doing sth 發現某人做某事 finish doing sth 完成某事 give sb sth 給某人某物 give sth to sb 給某人某物 have fun doing sth 做…很有趣 help sb with sth 幫助某人某事 help sb (to) do sth 幫助某人做某事 help sb sth=help sth to sb it』s time for sth 該做某事了 it』s time for sb to do sth 該某人做某事了
it』s time to do sth 該做某事了 like doing/to do sth 喜歡做某事
make sb do sth 讓某人做某事 mind (sb) doing sth 介意（某人）做某事
pass sb sth 把某物遞給某人 pass sth to sb 把某物遞給某人
practice doing sth 練習做某事 remember doing sth 記得做過某事
remember to do sth 記得要做某事 see sb do/doing sth 看見某人做某事
show sb sth 給某人看某物 show sth to sb 給某人看某物
spend…(in) doing sth 花費…做某事 spend…on sth 花費…在某物上
start doing sth 開始做某事 start to do sth 開始做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事 stop to do sth 停下來再做某事
talk about sth 談論某事 talk to/with sb 與某人交談
tell sb about sth 告訴某人關於某事 tell sb to do sth 告訴某人做某事
tell sb not to do sth 告訴某人不要做某事 want sth 想要某物
want to do sth 想要做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
watch sb do/doing sth 看見某人做某事 wish to do sth 希望做某事
would like to do sth 想要做某事
C. 初一英語上冊重點語法歸納
1.名詞復來數
2.
名詞所有格
3.
動詞源be(am/
are/is)的用法
4.
人稱代詞主格和賓格
5.形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞
6.
肯定句、否定句、一般疑問句和特殊疑問句
7.
there
be
結構
8.基數詞和序數詞。