1. 英語語法(句子結構
At the center is Ms. Rosales, 55, who was born in Mexico and shares a home with José Carlos Bergantinos, an art consultant and collector from Spain, with whom she once operated a gallery in Manhattan, exhibiting the work of artists like Pablo Picasso and Andy Warhol.
請高手分析一下句子中with whom的用法和句子結構
答:這句話的主句是At the center is Ms. Rosales。是同位語。who-從句是非限制性定語從句(至句尾)。
在這個從句中,又出現了一個人名Jose Carlos Bergantinos, 後面又來了一個同位語an art consultant and collector form Spain. 後面又來了一個非限制性定語從句,來對這個人的情況加以補充。 而這個從句後面又有一個現在分詞短語作狀語,表示伴隨情況:exhibiting ...
2. 英語語法及例句
語言要遵循一定的規則,這種規則即被我們稱之為「語法」。許多學生在英語學習中一聽「語法」頭就大,產生恐懼、厭學的心理。教師要遵循「精講多練,講練結合,以練為主」的教學方法,同時還要注意提高學習效率,減輕學生的作業負擔,實現語言為交流工具的目的。筆者在多年的教學實踐中總結:語法教學要重視例句的選擇。
一、代表性
例句的選擇在結構上要有代表性,起到掌握這個句型就能夠舉一反三的作用。歷年的高考試題、學生比較熟悉的經典習題等,我們不妨拿來一試。
如,講動詞不定式的主動式和被動式:
She went to the ball not only to see,but also to be seen.(她去參加舞會不僅為了見見世面。也為了出出風頭。)
如with復合結構,即with+賓語+賓語補足語:
With two exams to worry about,I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004,北京)
關於情態動詞must have done 表對過去情況肯定的猜測:
I have lost one of my gloves. I must have dropped it somewhere. (2005,北京)
二、簡潔性
有些教師認為,例句越難越好,難的會了容易的就更會了;還有教師因為學生上課不好好聽課,主張選難懂的句子來鎮鎮他們。其實不然。正如人的認知規律「由易到難」,對於語法學習有困難的學生而言,復雜的例句只會讓他們更頭痛,對語法更畏懼,對英語學習更沒興趣。選擇結構簡潔的例句,語言上通俗易懂,讀來朗朗上口,學生容易記,也記得牢。
如講動詞不定式的語法功能時:
1.
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.(to do 不定式作定語,修飾序數詞)
2.
To see is to believe.(to do 不定式坐主語和表語)
對比學習Seeing is believing.(動名詞作主語和表語)
3.
It is easier to say something than to do something. (to do 不定式作句子的真正主語,It為形式主語)
對比學習It is easier said than done.
三、趣味性
興趣是產生學習激情的巨大動力。選擇內容生動有趣的例句,如諺語、成語、俚語等,這樣學生有了興趣,就願意多念,念熟了就能由次及彼。
如: 倒裝結構「so+助動詞+主語+謂語+------」:
As a man lives,so shall he dies.(有生就有死)
As a man sows, so shall he reap.(種瓜得瓜。種豆得豆)
下邊還有一個比較級的句子:
The old man was not any more fond of being read to than the old woman.
此句的翻譯為「那個老頭和老太太一樣,都喜歡別人讀書給他們聽」。有學生將它譯為「那個老頭不喜歡別人給他念書,就喜歡哪個老太太」,這就要鬧笑話了。
四、積極性
選擇一些內容積極向上的語法例句,如名言警句等。這不僅能讓學生掌握相應的語法知識,同時也起到教育的情感目的,起到教育人的作用。
One half of knowing what you want is knowing what you must give up before you get it.
知道想要什麼,一半在於知道得到它之前必須放棄什麼。 (表語從句)
Victory will not come to me unless I go to it. 勝利是不會向我走來的,我必須自己走向勝利。 (條件狀語從句)
All that litters is not gold. 閃光的並非都是金子。 (定語從句)
五、綜合性
在實際的語法教學中,很少有獨立的語法項目,很多時候許多的語法知識匯集在一個句中。選擇綜合性較強的例句來講解,讓學生背誦,能起到事半功倍的效果。如:
It was playing computer games that cost the boy much time he ought to have spent in doing his lessons.
這個例句綜合了:
強調句型:It was---that---
定語從句:---time (that) he ought to have---lessons
情態動詞:ought to have spent---
動名詞作主語:---playing computer games cost the boy much more time---
總之,適當的例句選擇不僅能夠讓學生理解語法,掌握重點,還能在茫茫題海中減輕學生大量背誦和大量習題的課業負擔,有效提高教學質量。教師要注意多研究,多積累,找出更多的語法教學方法。
3. 求英語各語法的例句
第一單元 詞形變化
第二單元 動詞的四種時態
第一節 一般現在時
一.主語為「三單」
1 吉姆經常猜測我的秘密。
Jim often guesses my secrets.(guess-guesses)
2 吉姆經常在公共汽車上吸煙。
Jim often smokes in the bus. (smoke-smokes)
3 這位老師經常在放學後打籃球。
The teacher often plays basketball after school. (play-plays)
二.主語非「三單」
4 吉姆和他的妻子經常猜測我的秘密。
Jim and his wife often guess my secrets.
5 吉姆和大明經常在公共汽車上吸煙。
Jim and Daming often smoke in the bus.
6 這些老師經常在放學後打籃球。
The teachers often play basketball after school.
第二節 現在進行時
7 吉姆正在給他的叔叔寫信。
Jim is writing to his uncle. (write-writing)
8 吉姆和他的妻子正在尋找那個嬰兒。
Jim and his wife are looking for the baby. (look-looking)
9 他們正在製造這種葯。
They are making the medicine. (make-making)
第三節 一般將來時BE GOING TO結構
10 吉姆打算明天給他的叔叔寫信。
Jim is going to write to his uncle tomorrow.
11 吉姆和他的妻子打算明天尋找那個嬰兒。
Jim and his wife are going to look for the baby tomorrow.
12 他們打算製造這種葯。
They are going to make the medicine.
第四節 一般過去時
13 這些老師昨天打籃球了。
The teachers played basketball yesterday. (play-played)
14 吉姆的叔叔十個星期前參觀了我們的學校。
Jim』s uncle visited our school ten weeks ago. (visit-visited)
15 吉姆和他的妻子昨天找到了那個嬰兒。
Jim and his wife found the baby yesterday. (find-found)
16 他們上個星期製造了那種葯。
They made the medicine last week. (make-made)
17 吉姆上個星期給他的叔叔寫信了。
Jim wrote to his uncle last week. (write-wrote)
第三單元 後置狀語集中練習
第一節 副詞後置做狀語
1 吉姆正在認真地給他的叔叔寫信。
Jim is writing to his uncle carefully.
2 吉姆的叔叔正在到處尋找那個嬰兒。
Jim』s uncle is looking for the baby everywhere.
3 吉姆是足夠地聰明,(完全可以)理解這十個故事。
Jim is clever enough to understand the ten stories.
第二節 介詞短語後置做狀語
4 湯姆昨天乘公共汽車去上學了。
Tom went to school by bus yesterday.
5 湯姆正在教室里給他的叔叔寫信。
Tom is writing to his uncle in the classroom.
6 我打算明天和我的叔叔打籃球。
I am going to play basketball with my uncle tomorrow.
第四單元 後置定語集中練習
第一節 介詞短語後置做定語
1 教室里的那個男子是我的老師。
The man in the classroom is my teacher.
2 吉姆是一個十周的嬰兒。
Jim is a baby of ten weeks.
3 我昨天丟失了我的小汽車上的鑰匙。
I lost the key to my car yesterday.
第二節 動詞不定式後置做定語
4 最好的打籃球的地方是我們學校。
The best place to play basketball is our school.
5 他們正在製造幫助戒煙的葯品。
They are making the medicine to help give up smoking.
6 他的參觀我們學校的計劃是非常奇怪的。
His plan to visit our school is very strange.
第三節 形容詞(短語)後置做定語
7 吉姆正在寫一些容易理解的東西。
Jim is writing something easy to understand.
8 大明是一個擅長打籃球的男子。
Daming is a man good at playing basketball.
9 這是一個容易猜測的秘密。It is a secret easy to guess.
第四節 定語從句
10 正在幫助梅梅的那個男子是我們的老師。
The man who is helping Meimei is our teacher.
11 吉姆上個星期參觀了他叔叔參觀過的那個地方。
Jim visited the place his uncle had visited last week.
12 我的叔叔正在尋找他的妻子昨天丟失的那把鑰匙。
My uncle is looking for the key his wife lost yesterday.
第五單元 代詞IT的常見用法
第一節 IT指代前面出現過的名詞
1吉姆丟失了他的鑰匙。他正在尋找它。
Jim lost his key. He is looking for it.
2那是一個容易理解的故事。
It is a story easy to understand.
第二節 IT表示:時間,距離,天氣等。
3 --- 幾點了? --- 三點十分。
--- What time is it? --- It』s three ten.
4 --- 多遠? --- 非常遠。
---How far is it? ---It』s very far.
5 昨天下雨了。It rained yesterday.
第三節 IT在句中充當形式主語
6 戒煙是正確的。It』s right to give up smoking.
7 你戒了煙,這使我非常高興。
It made me very happy that you gave up smoking.
8 吸煙太多是沒有好處的。
It』s no good smoking too much.
第四節 在句中充當形式賓語
9 吉姆感到幫助這位老師是快樂的。
Jim feels it happy to help the teacher.
10 吉姆發現他的叔叔丟了嬰兒這件事很奇怪。
Jim found it strange that his uncle lost the baby.
11 這種葯將會使戒煙很容易。
The medicine will make it very easy to give up smoking.
第六單元 一般疑問句集中練習
第一節 一般疑問句結構快速理解
1 基本結構:助動詞+句子主語+其它成分
2 小心:助動詞形式要與時態保持高度一致
一 謂語動詞為一般現在時
(一)主語為「三單」
1 --- 吉姆經常猜測我的秘密嗎? --- 是的,他經常猜測。
--- Does Jim often guess my secrets? --- Yes, he does.
2 ---吉姆在公交車上吸煙嗎? ---不,他不吸。
--- Does Jim smoke in the bus? --- No, he doesn』t.
3 ---這位老師放學後打籃球嗎?---是的,她打。
--- Does the teacher play basketball after school?
--- Yes, she does.
(二)主語非「三單」
4 ---吉姆和他的妻子猜測我的秘密嗎? ---不,他們不猜測。
--- Do Jim and his wife guess my secrets?
--- No, they don』t.
5 ---吉姆和大明在公交車上吸煙嗎? ---是的,他們吸。
--- Do Jim and Daming smoke in the bus?
--- Yes, they do.
6 ---這些老師放學後打籃球嗎? ---不,他們不打。
--- Do the teachers play basketball after school?
--- No, they don』t.
二 謂語動詞為現在進行時
7 ---吉姆正在認真地給他的叔叔寫信嗎?
---是的,他正在認真地寫。
--- Is Jim writing to his uncle carefully? --- Yes, he is.
8 ---吉姆和他的妻子正在到處尋找那個嬰兒嗎?
---不,他們不在找。
--- Are Jim and his wife looking for the baby everywhere?
--- No, they aren』t.
9 ---他們正在製造那種葯嗎? ---是的,他們正在製造。
--- Are they making the medicine? --- Yes, they are.
三 謂語動詞為一般將來時
10 ---梅梅打算明天給他的叔叔寫信嗎? ---不,她沒有。
--- Is Meimei going to write to his uncle tomorrow?
--- No, she isn』t.
11 ---吉姆和他的妻子打算明天尋找嬰兒嗎? ---是的。
--- Are Jim and his wife going to look for the baby tomorrow? --- Yes, they are.
12 ---他們打算製造這種葯嗎? ---不,他們沒有。
--- Are they going to make the medicine? --- No, they aren』t.
四 謂語動詞為一般過去時
13 ---那些老師昨天打籃球了嗎? ---是的,他們打了。
--- Did the teachers play basketball yesterday?
--- Yes, they did.
14 ---吉姆的叔叔上個星期給吉姆寫信了嗎?
---不,他沒寫。
--- Did Jim』s uncle write to Jim last week? --- No, he didn』t.
15 ---吉姆的叔叔們十個星期前參觀了我們學校嗎?
---是的,他們參觀了。
--- Did Jim』s uncles visit our school ten weeks ago?
--- Yes, they did.
16 ---吉姆和他的妻子昨天尋找那位嬰兒了嗎?
---不,他們沒找。
--- Did Jim and his wife look for the baby yesterday?
--- No, they didn』t.
17 ---他們上個星期製造了那種葯嗎? ---不,他們沒有。
--- Did they make the medicine last week? --- No, they didn』t.
第二節 一般疑問句綜合訓練
第一組
18 ---那是個容易猜測的秘密嗎? ---是的,它是。
--- Is it a secret easy to guess? --- Yes, it is.
19 ---吉姆正在和他的叔叔尋找那個東西嗎?
---不,他不在找。
--- Is Jim looking for it with his uncle? --- No, he isn』t.
20 ---戒煙容易嗎? ---是的,容易。
--- Is it easy to give up smoking? --- Yes, it is.
21 ---我戒了煙使你高興嗎? ---不,不是的。
--- Did it make you happy that I gave up smoking?
--- No, it didn』t.
22 ---吉姆感到幫助老師是快樂的嗎? ---不,不是的。
--- Does Jim feel it happy to help the teacher?
--- No, he doesn』t.
23 ---吉姆發現他的叔叔丟了他的嬰兒這事奇怪嗎?
---是的。
--- Did Jim find it strange that his uncle lost his baby?
--- Yes, he did.
24 ---這種葯將會使戒煙(變得)容易嗎?---是的,它會的。
--- Will the medicine make it easy to give up smoking?
--- Yes, it will.
第二組
25 ---吉姆足夠聰明(可以)理解這十個故事嗎?
---不,不是的。
--- Is Jim clever enough to understand the ten stories?
--- No, he isn』t.
26 ---吉姆昨天乘公交車去上學了嗎? ---是的。
--- Did Jim go to school by bus yesterday?
--- Yes, he did.
27 ---湯姆正在教室里給他的叔叔寫信嗎?
---不,他不在寫。
--- Is Tom writing to his uncle in the classroom?
--- No, he isn』t.
28 ---你打算明天和我叔叔一起打籃球嗎? ---是的。
--- Are you going to play basketball with my uncle tomorrow? --- Yes, I am.
29 ---教室里的那個男子是我的老師嗎? ---不,他不是。
--- Is the man in the classroom my teacher? --- No, he isn』t.
30 ---吉姆的妹妹是十周大的嬰兒嗎? ---是的,她是。
--- Is Jim』s sister a baby of ten weeks? --- Yes, she is.
31 ---你昨天丟了你小汽車上的鑰匙嗎? ---不,我沒丟。
--- Did you lose the key to your car yesterday?
--- No, I didn』t.
第三組
32 ---我們學校是打籃球最好的地方嗎? ---是的。
--- Is our school the best place to play basketball? --- Yes, it is.
33 ---他們正在製造幫助戒煙的葯嗎? ---不,不是的。
--- Are they making the medicine to help give up smoking?
--- No, they aren』t.
34 ---他參觀我們學校的計劃非常奇怪嗎? ---是的。
--- Is his plan to visit our school very strange? --- Yes, it is.
35 ---吉姆的姐姐正在寫一些容易理解的東西嗎?
---不,不是的。
--- Is Jim』s sister writing something easy to understand?
--- No, she isn』t.
36 ---大明是一個擅長打籃球的男子嗎? ---是的,他是。
--- Is Daming a man good at playing basketball? --- Yes, he is.
37 ---那是一個容易猜測的秘密嗎? ---不,它不是。
--- Is it a secret easy to guess? --- No, it isn』t.
第四組
38 ---正在幫助梅梅的那個男子是我們的老師嗎?
---是的,他是。
--- Is the man who is helping Meimei our teacher?
--- Yes, he is.
39 ---吉姆上個星期參觀了他叔叔參觀過的那個地方嗎?
---不,他沒有。
--- Did Jim visit the place his uncle had visited last week? --- No, he didn』t.
40 ---你的媽媽正在尋找你昨天丟失的鑰匙嗎?
---是的,她正在找。
--- Is your mom looking for the key you lost yesterday?
--- Yes, she is.
第七單元 特殊疑問句集中練習
第一節 特殊疑問句結構快速理解
1 基本結構:疑問詞+助動詞+句子主語+其它成分
2 小心:助動詞形式要與時態保持高度一致
一 謂語動詞為一般現在時
(一)主語為「三單」
1 ---吉姆怎麼去上學? ---乘公交車。
--- How does Jim go to school? --- By bus.
2 ---吉姆平常在哪兒吸煙? ---在公交車上。
--- Where does Jim usually smoke? --- In the bus.
3 ---這位老師平常在什麼時候打籃球? ---放學後。
--- When does the teacher usually play basketball?
--- After school.
(二)主語非「三單」
4 吉姆和大明平常在哪兒吸煙?
Where do Jim and Daming usually smoke?
5 這些老師平常在什麼時候打籃球?
When do the teachers usually play basketball?
二 謂語動詞為現在進行時
6 吉姆正在給誰寫信?Whom is Jim writing to?
7 吉姆和他的妻子正在尋找誰?
Whom are Jim and his wife looking for?
8 他們正在製作什麼?What are they making?
三 謂語動詞為一般將來時
9 吉姆打算在明天給誰寫信?
Whom is Jim going to write to tomorrow?
10 吉姆和他的妻子打算在什麼時候尋找那個嬰兒?
When are Jim and his wife going to look for the baby?
11 他們打算明天製造什麼?
What are they going to make tomorrow?
四 謂語動詞為一般過去時
12 這些老師昨天玩什麼了?
What did the teachers play yesterday?
13 吉姆的叔叔十個星期前參觀了什麼地方?
What place did Jim』s uncle visit ten weeks ago?
14 吉姆和他的妻子昨天尋找誰了?
Whom did Jim and his wife look for yesterday?
15 他們上個星期製作了什麼?
What did they make last week?
16 吉姆什麼時候給他的叔叔寫信了?
When did Jim write to his uncle?
第二節 特殊疑問句綜合訓練
第一組
17 吉姆幾歲了?How old is Jim?
18 吉姆正在到處尋找誰?
Whom is Jim looking for everywhere?
19 湯姆什麼時候乘公交車去上學了?
When did Tom go to school by bus?
20 湯姆正在教室里給誰寫信?
Whom is Tom writing to in the classroom?
21 你打算明天和我玩什麼?
What are you going to play with me tomorrow?
22 教室里的那個男子是誰?
Who is the man in the classroom?
第二組
23 你什麼時候丟失了你的小汽車上的鑰匙?
When did you lose the key to your car?
24 打籃球的最好的地方在哪裡?
Where is the best place to play basketball?
25 他參觀我們學校的計劃怎麼樣?
How is his plan to visit our school?
26 吉姆什麼時候在教室里秘密地寫東西了?
When did Jim write something secretly in the classroom?
第三組
27 正在幫助梅梅的那個男子是誰?
Who is the man helping Meimei?
28 吉姆什麼時候參觀了他叔叔參觀過的那個地方?
When did Jim visit the place his uncle had visited?
29 你叔叔正在哪裡尋找他妻子昨天丟失的鑰匙?
Where is your uncle looking for the key his wife lost yesterday?
第八單元 賓語從句集中練習
第一節 引導詞為THAT
1 大明發現吉姆昨天在教室里秘密地寫了一些東西。
Daming found (that) Jim wrote something secretly in the classroom yesterday.
2 我感到吸太多的煙是沒有好處的。
I feel (that) it is no good smoking too much.
第二節 引導詞為IF
3 湯姆的叔叔問我湯姆是否經常乘公交車去上學。
Tom』s uncle asks me if Tom often goes to school by bus .
4 我叔叔問我是否打算明天和你打籃球。
My uncle asks me if I am going to play basketball with you tomorrow.
5 吉姆問我教室里的那個男子是否是我的老師。
Jim asks me if the man in the classroom is my teacher.
6 吉姆的叔叔問吉姆他是否昨天丟失了他的小汽車上的鑰匙。
Jim』s uncle asks Jim if he lost the key to his car yesterday.
第三節 引導詞為疑問代詞或疑問副詞
7 大明問我吉姆正在到處尋找什麼。
Daming asks me what Jim is looking for everywhere.
8 大明問我湯姆打算在什麼時候乘公交車去上學。
Daming asks me when Tom is going to school by bus.
9 大明的叔叔問大明他昨天在哪裡尋找他妻子丟失的鑰匙。
Daming』s uncle asks Daming where he looked for the key his wife lost yesterday
還有許多,要的話就HI我吧,這里不發了~~
4. 英語語法,要有例句
1、形容詞在句子中可以充當定語或表語。修飾名詞的成分稱為定語,系動詞後的部分回稱為表語答。例:
This is a beautiful flower.(beautiful作定語)
The soup smells good.(good作表語)
2、常見系動詞有be,look,smell,apear,sound, taste,feel,keep,stay,lie等。
系動詞+形容詞
例:This kind of cloth feels very soft.
3、the + 某些形容詞表示某一類實物。
如the old表示老人,the handicapped殘疾人
4、形容詞順序口訣:
限定描述大長高
形狀年齡和新老
顏色國籍出材料
作用類別往後靠
例:This is a black new pen.
a nice long new black British plastic pen
5. 求英語各種語法形式的例句
狀語從句1.地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導。例如:
Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方樹很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪裡我都會想到你。 2.方式狀語從句
方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引導。
1)as, (just) as…so…引導的方式狀語從句通常位於主句後,但在(just) as…so…結構中位於句首,這時as從句帶有比喻的含義,意思是"正如…","就像",多用於正式文體。例如: Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎樣待你,你就要怎樣待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣,猶如魚兒離不開水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打掃房屋一樣,我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落後的東西。
2)as if, as though
兩者的意義和用法相同,引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣,表示與事實相反,有時也用陳述語氣,表示所說情況是事實或實現的可能性較大。漢譯常作"彷彿……似的","好像……似的"。例如:They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他們完全忽略了這些事實,就彷彿它不存在似的。(與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。(與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看來天氣很快就會好起來。(實現的可能性較大,謂語用陳述語氣。)
說明:as if / as though也可以引導一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語。例如:
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不轉睛地看著我,就像第一次看見我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子,像要說什麼似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波濤沖擊著岩石,好像很憤怒 3.原因狀語從句
比較because, since, as和for:
1)because語勢最強,用來說明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知,就用as或 since。例如:
I didn't go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因為我怕。
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天氣那麼糟,旅行推遲了。
2)由because引導的從句如果放在句末,且前面有逗號,則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因,而是多種情況加以推斷,就只能用for。例如:
He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席,因為他病了。
He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了,所以今天缺席。4.目的狀語從句
表示目的狀語的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導。例如:You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必須大點聲,別人就能聽見了。
He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it. 他寫下了這個名字以免以後忘記。
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿點衣服,以防天發冷。5.結果狀語從句
結果狀語從句常由so…that 或 such…that引導。so…that與such…that之間可以轉換。例如:
The boy is so young that he can't go to school. 這男孩年齡太小,不能上學。
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school 6. 條件狀語從句
連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。 unless = if not. 例如:
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累,我們去散散步。
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
典型例題
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. ifD. or
答案A。句意:除非你立即走,否則你就回遲到的。可轉化為 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不對,or表轉折,句子如為 You leave immediately or you will be late. 7. 讓步狀語從句
1)though, although引導的讓步狀語從句,後面的從句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可連用。例如:
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨,但他們仍在地里幹活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard. 雖然他很老了,但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 傷口雖癒合,但傷疤留下了。(諺語)
2) as, though 引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前(形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前)。例如:
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 雖然是個小孩,該做什麼不做什麼,他全知道。
3) ever if, even though即使。例如:
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好,我們也要去遠足。
4) whether…or…不管……都。例如:
Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你,這確實是真的。
5)"no matter +疑問詞" 或"疑問詞+後綴ever" 。例如:
No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不管發生什麼,他不在意。
替換:no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意:no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。8. 比較while, when, as
1)as, when 引導短暫性動作的動詞。例如:
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我一剎車,有一個人向我走來。
2)當從句的動作發生於主句動作之前,只能用when 引導這個從句,不可用as 或 while。例如: When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 趕完活後,你可以休息一下。
3)從句表示"隨時間推移"連詞能用as,不用when 或while。例如:
As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天過去,天氣越變越壞。9.比較until和till
此兩個連詞意義相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某時",動詞必須是延續性的。否定形式表達的意思是"直至某時才做某事"。動詞為延續性或非延續性都可以。正確使用這兩個連詞的關鍵之一就在於判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式。肯定句:I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。(在肯定句中可用before代替。例如 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.)
否定句:She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6點才到。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽車停穩後再下車。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我後,我才會做。
區別:1)until可用於句首,而till通常不用於句首。例如:
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告訴我以前,出了什麼事我一點也不知道。
2)until when 疑問句中,until要放在句首。例如:
---Until when are you staying?你呆到什麼時候?
--- Until next Monday.呆到下周一。
注意:否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。
1)Not until…在句首,主句用倒裝。例如:
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世紀初,人類才知道熱為何物。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作,才認識到我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。
2)It is not until… that… 。例如:
It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
10.表示"一…就…"的結構
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思。例如:
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 剛回家,就下起雨來了。
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意:如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置於句首,句子必須用倒裝結構。例如:
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.定語從句 1.關系代詞引導的定語從句1)who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中作主語和賓語。例如:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2) whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換)。例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3)which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語)
The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。 (which / that在句中作賓語)
2.關系副詞引導的定語從句 1)關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用。例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關系副詞,可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略。例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可 能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。
名詞性從句
(一)主語從句類
I What he need is more time 2 Where she has gone is a mystery. (二)表語從句類The fact iS that she never liked him. The question is who can complete teh dificult task。(三)賓語從句類1.Do you know what they are doing? 2.It is a matter of who will hold the position.(四)同位語從句類 He has no idea what was the matter with him.
The news that his class got the first prize in the relay—is true.
6. 英語句子的語法結構
Try謂 (to understand what's actually happening賓語:內有一個賓語從句what's actually happening) (instead of acting on the assumetion you've made狀語:內有acting on the assumention是介詞of的賓語;you've made是定語從句).
主語(you:祈使版句省略了主語)
沒有賓權補。
譯文:
努力去理解實際正在發生什麼,而不是依據你所做的假設去行動。
7. 英語所有語法的例句
所有語法??????
有字典那麼厚~~~~~~
8. 英語全部語法與相應例句
http://ke..com/view/328219.htm
去這看吧
9. 英語共計多少種語法全部的,多少種詞。
一共16個時態,分別是:
1、一般現在時 。
2、一般過去時 。
3、一般將來時。
4、一般過去將來時。
5、現在進行時 。
6、過去進行時 。
7、將來進行時 。
8、過去將來進行時。
9、現在完成時 。
10、過去完成時 。
11、將來完成時 。
12、過去將來完成時。
13、現在完成進行時 。
14、過去完成進行時 。
15、將來完成進行時 。
16、過去將來完成進行時。
(9)英語所有語法結構例句擴展閱讀:
英語測試
英國:國際英語測試系統(IELTS,International English Language Testing System,雅思),劍橋英文認證(Cambridge Main Suit),劍橋商務英語(Cambridge Business EnglishCertificate)。
美國:托福(TOEFL),機考托福(CBT;逐漸廢除),網考托福(iBT),托業(TOEIC,商用英文考試),英語口語水平測試(TSE)。
中國大陸:,大學英語考試(CET),大學英語四級考試(CET-4),大學英語六級考試(CET-6),高等學校英語專業考試(TEM),英語專業四級考試(TEM-4),英語專業八級考試(TEM-8),英語等級考試(PETS)。
中國台灣:全民英語能力分級檢定測驗(GEPT)。
10. 求英語的全部語法
英語的時態(tense)是一種動詞形式,不同的時態用以表示不同的時間與方式。
是表示行為、動作和狀態在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。因此,當我們說時態結構的時候,指的是相應時態下的動詞形式。
英語時態分為16種:一般現在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時,以及這四者的進行時、完成時和完成進行時
下面就英語中常見的八種基本時態進行闡述,其它的時態都是在這八種時態的基礎上結合而成的。
一、 一般現在時:
1.概念:經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
2.時間狀語: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本結構:動詞 原形 (如主語為第三人稱單數,動詞上要改為第三人稱單數形式)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首;用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。
6.例句:. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般過去時:
1.概念:過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
2.時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本結構:be動詞;行為動詞 的過去式
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:was或were放於句首;用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。
6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 現在進行時:
1.概念:表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語:now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本結構:am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 過去進行時:
1.概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
2.時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
3.基本結構:was/were+doing
4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑問句:把was或were放於句首。
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 現在完成時:
1.概念:過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態。
2.時間狀語:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本結構:have/has + done
4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑問句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
六、 過去完成時:
1.概念:以過去某個時間為標准,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即「過去的過去」。
2.時間狀語:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本結構:had + done.
4.否定形式:had + not + done.
5.一般疑問句:had放於句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般將來時:
1.概念:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。
2.時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本結構:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.
4.否定形式:was/were + not; 在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:be放於句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 過去將來時:
1.概念:立足於過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用於賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本結構:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do.
4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑問句:was或were放於句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
九.將來完成時:
1.概念:在將來某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態
2.時間狀語:by the time of;by the end of+時間短語(將來);by the time+從句(將來)
3.基本結構:be going to/will/shall + have done
十.現在完成進行時:
1.概念:在過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直持續到說話為止
2.基本結構:have/has +been+doing
幾種常見時態的相互轉換
英語中的幾種時態在一定情況下可以互相轉換,以下是幾種常見的轉換形式:
十一、 一般過去時與現在完成時的轉換
在現在完成時中,延續性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用,瞬間動詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達方式:①瞬間動詞用於「一段時間 + ago」的一般過去時的句型中;②瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應的延續性動詞及短語,與一段時間連用;③瞬間動詞用於「It is + 一段時間 + since + 一般過去時」的句型中,表示「自從……以來有……時間」的意思,主句一般用it is來代替It has been;④瞬間動詞用於「Some time has passed since + 一般過去時」的句型中。請看:
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
十二、 一般現在時與現在進行時的轉換
在一般現在時中,at加上名詞表示「處於某種狀態」,如at work(在工作), at school(上學、上課)等。此短語可與進行時態轉換。請看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
十三、 現在進行時與一般將來時的轉換
在現在進行時態中go, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發生的動作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意為「我就來,媽媽!」請看:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
十六種時態
一般現在時,一般過去時,一般將來時,一般過去將來時;
現在進行時,過去進行時,將來進行時,過去將來進行時;
現在完成時,過去完成時,將來完成時,過去將來完成時;
現在完成進行時,過去完成進行時,將來完成進行時,過去將來完成進行時.
我是從事英語的,不明再問。