⑴ 新目標七年級英語上冊句型
I.重點句型
Starter
Good morning/afternoon/evening. Good morning/afternoon/evening.
How are you? I』m fine,/OK,thanks. Fine,thanks.
What』s this in English? It』s a map. It』s V.
Spell it please. K-E-Y.
What color is it/the key? It』s blue. The key is yellow.
Hello, Frank. Hello/Hi, Eric.
Unit 1 My name is Gina.
What』s your name? My name is Jenny. I』m Jenny. Jenny.
Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you , too.
What』s his name? His name is Jenny. Jenny.
What』s her name? Her name is Linda.. Linda.
What』s your first name? My first name is Jack. Jack.
What』s your last/family name? My last/family name is Green. It』s Green.
What』s your/his/her phone number? My /His/Her phone number is 234-4567
It』s 281-9176.
Unit 2 Is this your pencil?
Is that/this/it your backpack? Yes, it is. No, it isn』t . It』s his backpack.
This/That is my eraser.
How do you spell it/pen? P-E-N.
Call Allan at 486-67895 Call 685-6098 Call Mary. Phone # 235-7865.
Is that your computer game in the lost and found case? Yes, it is. No, it isn』t.
Unit 3 This is my sister.
That/This is his sister.
These/Those are my two brothers.
Is she your friend? Yes, she is. No, she isn』t.
Is he your brother? Yes, he is. No, he isn』t.
Thanks for the photo of your family.
Here is my family photo.
Who』s your sister? This/She is my sister.
Unit 4 Where』s my backpack?
Where』s my backpack? It』s under the table.
Where are your baseballs? They』re on the floor.
Is the baseball on the sofa? Yes ,it is. No, it isn』t.
I don』t know.
Are they on the bed? Yes, they are. No, they aren』t.
Are these/those your books? Yes, they are. No, they aren』t.
Please take these things to your sister.
Can you bring some things to school?
The keys are in the drawer.
Here』s my room.
Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball?
Do you have a ping-pong ball? Yes, I do. No, I don』t.
Does he/she have a tennis racket? Yes, he/she does. No, he/she doesn』t.
Let』s play ping-pong.
It』s boring.
That sounds good/interesting.
I don』t have a ping-pong ball.
He/She doesn』t have a volleyball.
She/He has a great sports collection.
We have many sports clubs.
He watches them on TV.
Do you have some more paper? Yes, I do. No, I don』t.
Unit 6 Do you like bananas?
Do you like hamburgers? Yes, I do. No, I don』t.
Does he/she like a salad? Yes ,he/she does. No ,he/she doesn』t.
She/He likes hamburgers for lunch.
She doesn』t like hamburgers.
Let』s have French fries.
For dinner, she has chicken and tomatoes.
Great!
七年級(上)Units 7-12《新目標英語》重點句子和短語
I.重點句型
Unit 7 How much are these pants?
How much is this T-shirt? It』s seven dollars.
How much are these socks? They』re two dollars.
Can I help you? =What can I do for you?
I want a sweater.=I』d like a sweater.
What color do you want? Here you are.
I』ll take it. You』re welcome.
That』s OK. That』s all right.
The blue sweater is 7 dollars. We have sweaters at a very good price.
We have great bogs for only 12 yuan. We have T-shirts in red for 18 dollars.
Anybody can afford our prices!
Come and see for yourself at Huaxing Clothes Store!
Unit 8 When is your birthday?
When is your birthday? It』s October 25th. My birthday is October tenth.
When is your mother』s birthday? Her birthday is June 8th.
How old are you? What』s your age? I』m thirteen.
When is the school trip? Do you having a fun birthday?
Happy birthday!
Unit 9 Do you want to go to a movie?
Do you want to go to a movie? I want to see a comedy.
What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
She likes documentaries but she doesn』t like thrillers.
Do you like Beijing Opera? She thinks action movies are exciting.
She often goes to see Beijing Opera with her father.
Mike is English. Mike is an English boy.
Unit 10 Can you play the guitar?
What club do you want to join? I want to join the art club. I don』t know.
Can you swim? Yes,I can.
What can you do ? We can paint.
Can you play the guitar? Can you help kids with swimming?
Are you good with kids? We need help for our Beidaihe School Trip.
Come and join us. She can』t sing or dance.
She can play the piano but she can』t play the violin.
Musicians wanted for School Music Festival.
You can be in our school music festival.
Please call Zhang Heng at 622-6033. Come and show us!
Can I help you? May I know your name?
Why do you want to join the club?
Unit 11 What time do you go to school?
What time do you usually get up,Rick? I usually get up at 5 o』clock.
What time does Alicia take a shower? What a funny time to eat breakfast?
To get to work, he takes the umber 17 bus to a hotel.
The bus usually takes him to work at 19:15. Can you think what his job is?
What time is it?=what』s the time? It』s eight thirty.
When does Tom usually eat dinner? He usually eats dinner at around six-thirty.
Thanks for your letter. School starts at nine o』clock.
Please write and tell me about your morning.
Are you awake?
Unit 12 my favorite subject is science.
What』s your favorite subject? My favorite subject is science.
Why do you like P.E? Because it』s fun.
Who is your science teacher? My science teacher is Mr Wang.
When do you have math? I have math on Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
Why does he like science? After class I have volleyball for two hours.
I have Chinese history club. I don』t like any subject.
His 「subject」 is only running around with me.
Do you really not like school? It』s very exciting to have a Chinese friend.
⑵ 人教版新課標初一英語必備語法
這兒有不少比較好的英語語法內容,專與你分屬享:http://www.zkenglish.com/Article/yfxx/Index.html
⑶ 新目標七年級英語上冊語法
新目標七年級上冊英語語法整理
一. 詞彙
⑴ 單詞
1. 介詞:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表示"在……中", "在……內"。例如:
in our class 在我們班上
in my bag 在我的書包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里
2). on 表示"在……上"。例如:
on the wall 在牆上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上
3). under表示"在……下"。例如:
under the tree 在樹下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下
4). behind表示"在……後面"。例如:
behind the door 在門後
behind the tree 在樹後
5). near表示"在……附近"。例如:
near the teacher's desk 在講桌附近
near the bed 在床附近
6). at表示"在……處"。例如:
at school 在學校
at home 在家
at the door 在門口
7). of 表示"……的"。例如:
a picture of our classroom 我們教室的一幅畫
a map of China 一張中國地圖
2. 冠詞 a / an / the:
冠詞一般位於所限定的名詞前,用來署名名詞所指的人或事物。冠詞有不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。不定冠詞有兩個形式,即a和an。a用在以輔音音素開頭的詞前,如a book; an用在以母音音素開頭的字母前,如an apple.
a或an與可數名詞單數連用,泛指某類人或某物中的一個。
This is a cat.
這是一隻貓。
It's an English book.
這是一本英語書。
His father is a worker.
他的爸爸是個工人。
the既可以用在可數名詞前,也可以用在不可數名詞前,表示某個或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到過的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat?
戴帽子的男孩是誰呀?
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where's the bag?
------ It's on the desk.
------- 你能在教室里看到什麼呀?
------ 我能看見一個書包。
------ 書包在哪呀?
------ 在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如:
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些書。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好書。
②在疑問句和否定句中用any。例如:
Is there any ink in your pen?你的鋼筆里有墨水嗎?
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹嗎?
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里沒有水。
⑵記住它們的特殊用法。
①some亦可用於表示盼望得到對方肯定的答復或表示建議、委婉請求的疑問句中,這一點我們不久就會學到。例如:
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃蘋果嗎?
②any也可用於肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如:
Any one of us can do this.我們當中任何一個都能做這個。
some 和any的用法是經常出現的考點,希望大家能准確地掌握它們的用法。
4.family
family看作為一個整體時,意思是"家庭",後面的謂語動詞be用單數形式 is ;如把family看作為家庭成員時,應理解為復數,後面的謂語動詞be應用are。
My family is a big family. 我的家庭是個大家庭。
My family are all at home now. 我的家人現在都在家。
Family強調由家人組成的一個集體或強調這個集體中的成員。home指個人出生、被撫養長大的環境和居住地點。 house指"家"、"房屋",側重居住的建築本身。
His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。
My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。
He isn't at home now. 他現在不在家。
It's a picture of my family. 這是一張我全家的照片。
5. little的用法
a little dog 一隻小狗,a little boy 一個小男孩。little常用來修飾有生命的名詞。
*但little還可表示否定意義,意為"少的",加不可數名詞。
There is little time. 幾乎沒時間了。
There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。
⑵ 片語
on the desk 在桌子上
behind the chair 在椅子後
under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的鉛筆盒中
near the door 在門附近
a picture of a classroom 一個教室的圖片
look at the picture 看這張圖片
the teacher's desk 講桌
a map of China 一張中國地圖
family tree 家譜
have a seat 坐下,就坐
this way 這邊走
二. 日常用語
1. Come and meet my family.
2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.
3. Glad to meet you.
4. What can you see in the picture?
I can see a clock / some books.
5. Can you see an orange?
Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
6. Where's Shenzhen?
It's near Hong Kong.
7. Let me see.(口語)讓我想想看。
see 在這是"明白、懂了",不可譯作"看見"。例如:
8. Please have a seat.
seat表示"座位",是個名詞。have a seat表示"就坐",也可以說take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。
三. 語法
1. 名詞所有格
名詞如要表示與後面名詞的所有關系,通常用名詞所有格的形式,意為"……的"。一般有以下幾種形式:
(1). 一般情況下在詞尾加"'s"。例如:
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我媽媽的朋友
(2). 如果復數名詞以s結尾,只加"'"。例如:
Teachers' Day 教師節
The boys' game 男孩們的游戲
(3). 如果復數名詞不以s結尾,仍加"'s"。例如:
Children's Day 兒童節
Women's Day 婦女節
(4). 表示兩個或幾個共有時,所有格應加在後一個名詞上。例如:
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房間
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
動物和無生命事物的名詞的所有格一般不在詞尾加"'s",而常常用介詞of的短語來表示。
a map of China 一幅中國地圖
the name of her cat 她的貓的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一張照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的門
2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用來表示說話人的請求、命令、建議、叮囑等意圖。祈使句一般不用主語,讀時用降調。為使語氣委婉、禮貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾時,please前多用逗號。
(1). 祈使句肯定形式的謂語動詞一律用動詞原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 請進。
(2). 祈使句的否定形式常用don't於句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看書。
Don't play on the road. 不要在馬路上玩。
3. There be 的句子結構
There be是一個"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,
肯定句的形式為:There be + 名詞(單數或復數)+地點狀語或時間狀語。
be動詞單復數的確定,看be後邊第一個名詞,當所接主語為單數或不可數名詞時,be動詞形式為is;當所接主語為復數名詞時,be動詞為are;當be動詞後接兩個以上主語時,be動詞與最臨近主語保持數上的一致。意思為"某地有某人或某物"。如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一塊橡皮和兩支鋼筆。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有兩支鋼筆和一塊橡皮。
(1)there be的否定句,即在be的後面加上not。
否定形式為:There be + not + (any) + 名詞+地點狀語。
There is not any cat in the room. 房間里沒貓。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上沒書。
(2)there be句型的疑問句就是將be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名詞+地點狀語?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 畫上有一隻狗嗎?
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河裡有船嗎?
---No, there aren't. 沒有。
(3)特殊疑問句:How many . . . are there (+地點狀語)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有時直接就用數字來回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少學生?
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一個。/有九個。
(4)如果名詞是不可數名詞,用:How much + 不可數名詞 + is there + 地點狀語?
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水?
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物?
⑷ 人教版新目標七年級上冊英語語法
初一全科目課件教案習題匯總語文數學英語歷史地理
underthechair在椅子下面 inherpencil-box在她的鉛筆盒中 nearthedoor在門附近
apictureofaclassroom一個教室的圖片 lookatthepicture看這張圖片 theteacher'sdesk講桌 amapofChina一張中國地圖 familytree家譜 haveaseat坐下,就坐 thisway這邊走 二.日常用語
1.Comeandmeetmyfamily. 2.Goandsee.Ithinkit'sLiLei. 3.Gladtomeetyou.
4.Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseeaclock/somebooks. 5.Canyouseeanorange?Yes,Ican./No,Ican't. 6.Where'sShenzhen?It'snearHongKong.
7.Letmesee.(口語)讓我想想看。see在這是"明白、懂了",不可譯作"看見"。Forexample:
8.Pleasehaveaseat.seat表示"座位",是個名詞。haveaseat表示"就坐",也可以說takeaseat,和sitdown的意思相同。 三.語法 1.名詞所有格
名詞如要表示與後面名詞的所有關系,通常用名詞所有格的形式,意為"……的"。一般有以下幾種形式:
(1).一般情況下在詞尾加"'s"。例如: Kate'sfatherKate的爸爸 mymother'sfriend我媽媽的朋友
(2).如果復數名詞以s結尾,只加"'"。例如: Teachers'Day教師節 Theboys'game男孩們的游戲
(3).如果復數名詞不以s結尾,仍加"'s"。例如: Children'sDay兒童節 Women'sDay婦女節
(4).表示兩個或幾個共有時,所有格應加在後一個名詞上。例如: LucyandLily'sroomLucy和Lily的房間 KateandJim'sfatherKate和Jim的爸爸
動物和無生命事物的名詞的所有格一般不在詞尾加"'s",而常常用介詞of的短語來表示。
amapofChina一幅中國地圖 thenameofhercat她的貓的名字
apictureofmyfamily我的家庭的一張照片 thedoorofthebedroom卧室的門 2.祈使句
祈使句主要用來表示說話人的請求、命令、建議、叮囑等意圖。祈使句一般不用主語,讀時用降調。為使語氣委婉、禮貌,常在句首或句尾加please。在句尾時,please前多用逗號。
(1).祈使句肯定形式的謂語動詞一律用動詞原形。 Goandsee.去看看。 Comein,please.請進。
(2).祈使句的否定形式常用don't於句首。 Don'tlookatyourbooks.不要看書。 Don'tplayontheroad.不要在馬路上玩。 3.Therebe的句子結構
Therebe是一個"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,
肯定句的形式為:Therebe+名詞(單數或復數)+地點狀語或時間狀語。
be動詞單復數的確定,看be後邊第一個名詞,當所接主語為單數或不可數名詞時,be動詞形式為is;當所接主語為復數名詞時,be動詞為are;當be動詞後接兩個以上主語時,be動詞與最臨近主語保持數上的一致。意思為"某地有某人或某物"。如: .桌子上有一塊橡皮和兩支鋼筆。 .桌上有兩支鋼筆和一塊橡皮。 (1)therebe的否定句,即在be的後面加上not。 否定形式為:Therebe+not+(any)+名詞+地點狀語。 Thereisnotanycatintheroom.房間里沒貓。 Therearen'tanybooksonthedesk.桌子上沒書。
(2)therebe句型的疑問句就是將be提到句首:Bethere+(any)+名詞+地點狀語?肯定回答:Yes,thereis/are.否定回答:No,thereisn't/aren't. ---Isthereadoginthepicture?畫上有一隻狗嗎?
---Yes,thereis.有。
---Arethereanyboatsintheriver?河裡有船嗎? ---No,therearen't.沒有。
(3)特殊疑問句:Howmany...arethere(+地點狀語)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用Therebe...
There'sone./Therearetwo/three/some... 有時直接就用數字來回答。One./Two...
---?教室里有多少學生? ---There'sonlyone./Therearenine.只有一個。/有九個。
(4)如果名詞是不可數名詞,用:Howmuch+不可數名詞+isthere+地點狀語? Howmuchwateristhereinthecup?杯中有多少水? Howmuchfoodisthereinthebowl?碗里有多少食物? 中學英語語法網路圖 一.名詞 I.名詞的種類: 專有名詞普通名詞 國名.地名.人名,
團體.機構名稱可數名詞不可數名詞 個體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質名詞 II.名詞的數:
1.規則名詞的復數形式:
名詞的復數形式,一般在單數形式後面加-s或-es。現將構成方法與讀音規則列表如下:
⑸ 人教版新目標七年級上期英語上半期語法
七年級英語上冊期中考試復習(片語與句子)
Starter Us1-3
Good morning/afternoon /evening, Bob!
早上 / 下午 / 晚上好,Bob!
--How are you?你好嗎?
—I』m fine, thanks. How are you?
我很好,謝謝。你好嗎?
---I』m OK.我還好。
---What』s this in English?用英語表達這是什麼?
—It』s an orange.它是一隻桔子。
—Spell it, please. 請拼寫它。
—O-R-A-N-G.
---Thank you.謝謝。(Thank you very much.)
-----You are welcome.=That』s all right.=That』s OK.不用謝。
--What color is it?它是什麼顏色? —It』s red.紅色。
The key is yellow.鑰匙是黃色 的。=It』s a yellow key.它是黃色的鑰匙。
Nice to meet you.很高興見到你。----Nice to meet you, too. /Me,too. 也很高興見到你。
How do you do? 你好!----How do you do?你好!
Unit One
---What』s your name?你的名字是什麼?
—My name is Gina.我的名字是吉娜。=I』m Gina.我是吉娜。
What』s his name?---His name』s Tommy.
What』s her name?—Her name is Jenny.
-What』s his family/last name?他的姓是什麼?
—His family/last name is Brown.他的姓是布朗。
-What』s her first name?她 的名字是什麼—Her first name is Linda.她的名字是琳達。
family name= name
―Nice to meet you.很高興認識你。
—Nice to meet you,too.也很高興認識你。
-What』s her phone number?她的電話號碼是多少?
—Her telephone number is 535-2375.她的電話號碼是535-2375.
Unit Two
Is this your pencil?這是你的鉛筆嗎?
—Yes, it is.是,它是。
Is that your dictionary?那是你的詞典嗎?
---No, it isn』t.不,它不是。
How do you spell eraser?你怎樣拼寫eraser?
Can you spell eraser?你能拼寫eraser嗎?
in the lost and found case在失物招領箱里
call Alan at 495-3539給艾倫打電話495-3539
school ID card校牌
a set of keys一串鑰匙
Unit Three
Is this your daughter?這是你的女兒嗎?
—Yes, it is.是,它是。/No, it isn』t.不,它不是。
Is she your aunt?她是你的姨母嗎?—Yes she is.是,她是。/No,she isn』t.不,她不是。
Those are my two brothers.那些是我的兩個兄弟。
Thanks for the photo of your family.
謝謝你的全家照。
Here is my family photo.這兒是我的全家福。
a photo of your family
=your family photo你的全家福
family tree家譜
Unit Four
Where is the backpack?背包在哪裡?
—It』s under the table.它在桌子下面。
Where are my books?我的書在哪裡?
—They』re on the sofa.他們阿子沙發上。
Is it on the floor? 它在地板上嗎?
—No, it isn』t. 不,它不在。
Sorry, I don』t know.對不起,我不知道。
Are they in the drawer?他們在抽屜里嗎?
—Yes, they are.是,他們在。
The CDs are in the drawer.激光唱片在抽屜里。
take these things to your sister
把這些東西帶去給你姐姐
bring it to school把它帶到學校來
Unit Five
Do you have a ping-pong ball?你有乒乓球嗎?
—Yes, I do.是,我有。/No, I don』t.不,我沒有。
I/We/You/They have a tennis racket.我/我們/你們/他們有網球拍。
I/We/You/They don』t have a tennis racket.我/我們/你們/他們沒有網球拍。
Does he have a soccer ball?他有足球嗎
—Yes, he does.是,他有。/No, he doesn』t.
He/She/Tom has a soccer ball.他/她/Tom有足球。
He/She/Tom doesn』t have a soccer ball.他/她/Tom有足球。
Let』s play tennis/basketball.讓我們 打網球/籃球吧。
That sounds good.那聽起來真好。
play sports做運動
watch them on TV通過電視看它們
have a great sports collection有大量的體育收集品
five volleyballs五隻排球
every day每天
Unit Six
Do they like pears?他們喜歡梨嗎?
—Yes, they do.是,他們喜歡。/No, they don』t.不,他們不喜歡。
She likes ice cream. 她喜歡冰淇淋
Does she like ice cream? 她喜歡冰淇淋嗎?
—Yes, she does.是,她喜歡。/No, she doesn』t.不,她不喜歡。
What does he have for lunch?午餐他要吃什麼?
---He has chicken, carrots and broccoli for lunch.午What do you like for dinner?晚餐你喜歡吃什麼?
—I like vegetables for dinner.晚餐我喜歡吃蔬菜。
I also like strawberries.=I like strawberries, too.
我也喜歡草莓。
running star跑步明星
lots of=a lot of 許多
healthy food健康食品
go on a picnic =have a picnic去野餐
make a list of food to buy列出需要購買的食物
ask/answer questions問(答)問題
⑹ 義務教育課程標准實驗教科書七年級上英語語法、句型和短語歸納
Period One(七年級上Units 1-12)
一、大綱要求
詞彙
單詞
what, name, your, this, pen, that, how, thank, parent, brother, these, those, where, take, under, on, in, have, play, basketball, many, interesting, let, like, tomato, shoes, help, months of the year, guitar, shower, usually, favorite, days of the week
短語
do homework, go to bed, thanks for, get to
句型
重點句型
What』s…name? Where』s…? Do you like…? Can you…? Do you have…?
When do you…?
交際用語
Hello! Hi! Nice to meet you!
二、重點解析
單詞:
1. have
have是英語中一個非常重要的動詞,它在不同的片語中,具有不同的含義,現將其用法簡要歸納如下:
(1) 作「有」講時,強調「所屬關系」,表示「擁有」的意思。其主語常為人或物。eg:
My father has a new computer. 我爸爸有一台新電腦。
I have many story books. 我有許多故事書。
(2) 「have + 表示一日三餐的名詞」,意為「吃、用餐」。 eg:
I have breakfast at seven every morning. 我每天早上七點鍾吃早飯。
(3) 「have + 表示食品、飲料等名詞」,意為「吃、喝」。eg:
I have some bread for breakfast every day. 我每天早餐吃些麵包。
Please have a cup of tea. 請喝杯茶。
(4) 「have + 表示動作的名詞」,沒有固定的意思,常與表示動作的動詞同義。eg:
have a rest 休息一下 have a swim 游泳 have a look(at…)(朝……)看一眼
have a drink (of …) 喝一點(……)
(5) 「have + 表示某種活動的名詞」, 意為「進行、舉行」。eg:
have a class 上課 have a birthday party 舉行生日聚會
2. start
start 動詞,意思是「開始,出發」,可用於start to do sth. 和start doing sth.結構中。eg:
School starts at eight o'clock. 8點鍾開始上課。
I start to watch TV. 我開始看電視。
They start singing. 他們開始唱歌。
3. usually
usually, sometimes, always, often 等詞在英語中被稱為「頻度副詞」,是用來表示動作或狀態的
頻率。使用時位置如下:
(1)放在be動詞之後。eg:
He is often late for school. 他上學經常遲到。
(2)放在行為動詞之前。eg:
She always does her work well. 她總是把工作做得很好。
(3)放在情態動詞或助動詞之後。eg:
What time do you usually get up?
(4)sometimes 的位置較靈活,可放在句首,也可放在句中,有時還可放在句尾。eg:
Sometimes he goes to school on foot. 有時他步行去上學。
I sometimes go to see my uncle on Saturday. 我有時在星期六去看我的叔叔。
詞語辨析:
1. each &every
each 代詞,意為「每個」,可作主語、賓語、同位語和定語,強調個體。而every 是形容詞,意思為「每,每個」,只能作定語,強調全體或全部。eg:
Each of the girls has a banana. 每個女孩都有一個香蕉。(此句不能用every替換each)
Give the boys two apples each. 給每個男孩兩個蘋果。(此句不能用every替換each)
Each boy has a sweater. 每個男孩都有一件毛衣。
Every boy has a T-shirt. 每個男孩都有一件T恤衫。
2. look ( look at)& see
兩者漢語中的意思相近,都有「看」的意思。但英語中兩詞的用法截然不同。look表示「看」的過程,並不表明「看到」。而且look是不及物動詞,如果表示「看某物(人)」,look後要加介詞at;而see指「看到」,表示「結果」。eg:
Look at the blackboard! 看黑板!(look只表示「看」,並不一定「看到」)
What can you see on the blackboard? 你在黑板上能看到什麼?
(see表示「看到」,即 「看的結果」)
3. too, also& either
三者都表示「也」,但在使用的時候too 和also一般用於肯定的陳述句和疑問句中,其中too放在句末,前面多用逗號隔開;also放在be動詞、助動詞或情態動詞之後,實義動詞之前。either 一般放在否定句的句末。 eg:
I like comedies, too.=I also like comedies. 我也喜歡喜劇。
Ann doesn't like thrillers and I don't like them either. 安不喜歡恐怖片,我也不喜歡。
句型:
1. —What』s your name? 你叫什麼名字?
—My name is Jenny. 我叫詹妮。
(1) 詢問別人姓名,更委婉禮貌的說法有:My I know your name? Can I have your name?
Will you please tell me your name?
回答姓名可直接說:I』m Jenny.
(2) 動詞be變化表
原形
現在式過去式
過去分詞
現在分詞
be
am/is→was
are→were
been
being
2. What』s this in English? 這個用英語怎麼說?
其他幾種不同的表達方式:What』s this called in English? What』s the English for this?
Can you say it in English?
[注]in 在該句中為介詞,表示「用……方式」。
3. It』s under the bed. 它在床下面。
under prep. 在……之上
(1)under 表示在某物垂直的正下方,兩者之間不接觸。 eg:
The cat is under the table. 貓在床子底下。
(2)on 表示在某物的上面,但兩者可互相接觸。 eg:
The book is on the desk. 書在桌子上。
(3)in 表示「在……內部,在……裡面」。eg:
They are in the office. 他們在辦公室里。
(4)near 表示在某物的附近,意為「接近,靠近」 eg:
My house is near a bookstore. 我家在一個書店附近。
(5)behind 表示在某物體的後面。 eg:
Li Ming is behind me. 李明在我後面。
4. Do you like hamburgers? 你喜歡漢堡包嗎?
(1) like v. 喜歡
① like sb./sth. eg:
I like the book. 我喜歡這本書。
② like to do sth. 表示目前一時愛好做某事。 eg:
I like to play volleyball. 我想去玩排球。
③ like doing sth. 表示習慣上喜歡做某事。 eg:
I like dancing. 我喜歡跳舞。
(2) like 作介詞,表示「像」,與look 或be 連用。 eg:
He looks like his father. 他長得像他爸爸。
She is like an English girl. 她像個英國女孩。
Do it like this. 照這樣做。
5. OK, I』ll take it. 好吧,那我把他帶走了。
take v. 拿,取
(1) It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干某事花費某人多少時間 eg:
It took him an hour to get there. 他花了一個小時才到那兒。
(2) take out 帶出(人),邀請,取出(物) eg:
I』m taking the children out to the movies tonight. 今晚我帶孩子們去看電影。
(3) take + a + 名詞= have + a + 名詞 eg: take a bath / rest / shower /walk
(4) 固定短語: take part in 參加 take place 發生 take care of 照顧
[注] ① take 當 「拿走,帶到」講時,指把東西帶到別的地方,即把東西從近處帶到遠處。eg: Take the books to the classroom. 把這些書拿到教室里去。
② bring也是「拿」的意思,指把東西從別的地方帶到說話人所在地或者他指定的地點
即把東西從遠處帶到近處,意為「拿來」「帶來」「取來」。eg:
Please bring some books to my home. 請把這些書帶到我家來。
6. Can you dance? 你會跳舞嗎?
Can 為情態動詞,意思是「能,會,可以」。
(1) 情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化,即無論主語是第一人稱、第二人稱還是第三人稱,無論是單數還是復數,情態動詞都沒有變化。
(2) 情態動詞後面要跟動詞原形。eg:
He can speak French. 他會說法語。
(3) 帶情態動詞的句子變為疑問句時,將情態動詞提前;變否定句時,在情態動詞後加not.
eg: We can see an eraser in the pencil box.
→ Can you see an eraser in the pencil box?
→ We can』t see an eraser in the pencil box.
7. Can you help kids with swimming? 你能幫助小孩游泳嗎?
(1)help 可作動詞,指「幫助,援助」,常指積極地給予實際的精神的或物質的幫助,幫助的人值得信賴。eg:
He helped me to find the train station. 他幫我找到了火車站。
常用的句式有:
① help sb. with sth. 在某一方面幫助某人。eg:
The teacher helps him with his English. 老師幫助他學習英語。
② help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事。eg:
I often help my mother (to) do housework. 我常常幫媽媽做家務。
(2) 動詞help 還可作 「吃(會餐用語)講。eg:
Please help yourself to the fruit. 請隨意吃水果吧。
(3) can』t help doing sth. 表示「禁不住做某事」;can』t help sb. to do sth. 表示「不能幫助某人做某事」。 eg:
I can』t help myself crying. 我情不自禁地哭起來。
I can』t help him to say sorry. 我不能代替他道歉。
(4) help 可用作名詞,指「幫助,救濟」。 eg:
I need some help. 我需要一些幫助。
8. I can play the guitar. 我會玩吉他。
(1) play 的賓語為樂器時,意為「演奏「,樂器名詞前要加定冠詞the. eg:
play the violin (the piano) 拉小提琴(彈鋼琴)
(2) play 後面可接表示球類的名詞,意為 「打球」或 「踢球」,球類名詞前不加任何冠詞或其他
限定詞,該名詞也不用復數形式。eg:
play basketball 打籃球,不能說 play the / a football 或play footballs.
(3) play with 的賓語常為玩的東西。eg:
play with toys (snow; fire …) 玩玩具(雪,火等)
(4) play 還可作名詞,意為「劇」。 eg: TV play 電視劇。
9. — Can you draw? 你會畫畫嗎?
— Yes, a little. 是的,會一點。
(1) a little「一點,稍微」,為程度副詞,作狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。eg:
I like her a little. 我有點喜歡她。(修飾動詞)
The T-shirt is a little big. 這件T恤衫有點大。(修飾形容詞)
(2) a little後加名詞,意思是「一些,少許」,表示肯定概念,作定語,修飾不可數名詞。 eg:
I can speak a little English. 我會說一點英語。
(3) little後加名詞,意思是「幾乎沒有,很少的」,表示否定概念。eg:
I can speak little Japanese. 我幾乎不會說日語。
10. — What time do you usually get up, Rick? 雷克,你經常幾點起床?
— I usually get up at five o'clock. 我經常五點起床。
若詢問「某人什麼時間做某事」,可用「What time do /does+主語+動詞原形+……」句型。其中what time是用來對具體時間提問的,可以用when替換。若問時間,一般說「What's the time?」,也可以說「What time is it?」,回答說「It's...」,不能說「The time is...」。eg:
— What time does he usually go to bed? 他通常什麼時間睡覺?
— He usually goes to bed at about eleven. 他通常大約11點睡覺。
— What's the time? 幾點了?
— It's 11 o'clock. 11點。
[注]what time 與when 都可以表示「什麼時候」。前者所表示的時間比較精確,指「幾點鍾」、「幾時幾分」;後者表示的時間范圍較廣,有時也可以指「幾點鍾」、「幾時幾分」,用來代替 what time。
語法:
1. 可數名詞&不可數名詞
不可數名詞通常指不能以數目來計算的東西。它一般沒有復數形式。前面不能用many, several, a few 等詞修飾,但可用some, much, a lot of, a little, any 等詞修飾。eg:
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有點兒水。
可數名詞是指能以數目來計算,可以分成個的人或東西。因此它有復數形式,
其構成規則如下:
情況
構成方法
讀音
例詞
一般情況
加-s
清輔音後讀[s],濁輔音和母音後讀[z]
dog-dogs, teacher-teachers
以s, x, ch, sh結尾
加-es
-es讀[iz]
bus-buses, box-boxes,
brush-brushes, watch-watches
以ce, se, ze, ge結尾的詞
加-s
讀[iz]
orange-oranges house-houses
以輔音字母+y結尾的詞
變y為i加-es
-es讀[z]
city-cities, baby-babies,
factory-factories
以母音字母+y結尾的詞
加-s
讀[z]
boy-boys, toy-toys,
key-keys monkey-monkeys
以f或fe結尾的詞
變f或fe為v,再加-es
-ves讀[vz]
leaf-leaves, knife-knives,
shelf-shelves, thief-thieves
以輔音字母+o結尾的詞
加-es
-es讀[z]
tomato-tomatoes,
potato-potatoes
加-s
-s讀[z]
photo-photos, zoo-zoos
radio-radios kilo-kilos
[注]① 以th 結尾的名詞變為復數時,mouth-mouths month-months
② 單復數同形的名詞 sheep-sheep 綿羊 deer-deer 鹿 Chinese-Chinese 中國人
fish-fish 魚
(2) 不可數名詞不能直接用a (an)或數詞來修飾。若要表示它的個體意義時,必須與一個表示量的短語連用。eg:
a piece of news 一條新聞 a cake of soap 一塊肥皂
a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水
(3) 如果用代詞代替不可數名詞,不能用one 來代替。
試比較:
He would like pears. Please give one to him. 他想要吃梨。請給他一個。
(句中的pears 是可數名詞復數形式,可用one 代替其單數。)
He would like bread. Please give some to him. 他想吃麵包,請遞給他一塊。
(句中的some 不能用one 來代替。)
2. 冠詞的用法
冠詞位於名詞之前,用來說明所指的人或物。冠詞分為不定冠詞和定冠詞。
(1) 不定冠詞a, an
a 和an 是不定冠詞的兩種形式。a 用在以輔音(指發音不指字母)開頭的詞前,而 「an」 用在以母音(指發音不指字母)開頭的詞前。eg: a banana, an apple
① a 和an 表示數量「一」。
② 泛指人或事物的類別。 eg.
A horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動物。
③ 第一次提到某人或某物。 eg.
There is a new desk in my room. 我房間里有一張新書桌。
④ 用於某些固定短語中。 eg. a few, a little, a lot of.
(2) 定冠詞the.
the 是定冠詞,它常用於:
① 特指某一個(些)人或事物。 eg.
The book on the desk is Lily』s. 書桌上的那本書是莉莉的。
②談話雙方都知道的人或事物。 eg.
—Where is the kite? 風箏在哪兒?
—It』s on the wall. 在牆上。
③第二次提到的人或物。 eg.
There is a table in the room. On the table there is a map. 房間里有張桌子。桌子上有張地圖。
④序數詞,最高級的形容詞前面。 eg.
Jack is the tallest boy in our class. 傑克是我們班上最高的男孩。
⑤用於某些專有名詞之前。 eg.
The United States. 美國
⑥世界上獨一無二的事物的名詞前面。 eg.
The sun is bigger than the earth. 太陽比地球大。
⑦用在一些習慣用語中。 eg. in the afternoon. 在下午 on the left 在左邊
3. 名詞所有格
名詞所有格表示名詞與其後面的名詞之間的所有或隸屬關系,其功能如同物主代詞,意為「某
人的……」或「某物的……」。
英語中的名詞所有格有兩種形式: 「名詞+』s」所有格和of 所有格。
(1)「名詞+』s」所有格
① 單數名詞後直接加』s;若單數名詞以s結尾,只需要加』。eg:
Jim』s coat 吉姆的外套 Jones』 mother 瓊斯的媽媽
② 以s結尾的復數名詞,只加' 。 eg:
Teachers』 Day 教師節 the twins』 books 雙胞胎的書
③ 不以s 結尾的不規則的名詞復數,加』s。 eg:
Children』s Day 兒童節 men』s shoes 男式鞋
④ 表示兩者共同擁有時,只在最後一個名詞後加』s;表示兩者各自擁有時,要在每個名詞後加』s。
注意比較:
Lucy and Lily』s mother 露茜和莉莉的媽媽
Lucy』s and Kate』s rooms 露茜和凱特各自的房間
(2) of 所有格:動物和無生命名詞的所有格一般使用介詞of 短語來表示。eg:
the name of her cat 她的貓的名字 a picture of our school 一張我們學校的圖片
有時有生命的東西也用of 所有格,可與「名詞+』s」所有格互換。 eg:
the name of the boy =the boy』s name 這個男孩的名字
額外收獲:
① 表示時間、距離、國家、城市等無生命的名詞也可以使用「名詞+』s」所有格。eg:
a few years』 time 幾年時間 today』s newspaper 今天的報紙
② 有些名詞的所有格表示住所、診所、商店時,常去掉後面被修飾的詞。 eg:
to my uncle』s 到我叔叔家
三、鞏固練習
1. Han Lei, Jim and I in No.22 Middle School.
A. all are B. am all C. are all D. all (2003. 東北師大附中)
2. Some are flying kites near the river.
A. child B. boy C. children D. childs (2003. 天津)
3. If you don』t mind, pass me apple, please.
A. a B. an C. the D. / (2003. 青島)
4. The students are listening their teacher very carefully.
A. to B. on C. for D. at (2003. 天津)
5. Ted, the radio is too loud. Please .
A. turn it over B. turn it on C. turn it back D. turn it down (2003. 南京)
6. — does a car cost in China?
—It can cost as little as 50,000 yuan and as much as 300,000 yuan
A. How many B. How price C. How money D. How much (2003. 黃岡)
7. An apple a day is good your health.
A. at B. for C. in D. with (2003. 煙台)
8. —Did you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou?
—Yes, I had wonderful time.
A. a B. an C. the D. / (2003. 杭州)
9. —Who taught English last term? Was _____Mr Smith?
—No, Miss White did.
A. you, it B. you, he C. your, it D. your, that (2003. 山東)
10. Jim』s dog looks a fox. He _____it very much.
A. like, likes B. like, like B. likes, like D. likes, likes (2003. 寧夏)
11. China lies the east of Asia and ____ the north of Australia.
A. to, to B. in, to C. to, in D. in, on (2003. 天津)
12. I』ll tell you news about the sports meeting.
A. many B. some C. a few (2003. 四川)
13. The old woman kept one black dog and two white .
A. one B. ones C. those D. one』s
14. There』ll be evening party in the garden next Friday.
A. a B. the C. / D. an
15. John』s uncle has many friends. Mr Shute is a friend of .
A. John』s uncle B. John uncle』s C. John』s uncle』s D. John uncle
16. Lucy has to do today.
A. many homeworks B. a homework C. much homework D. a piece homework
17. In time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too.
A. few years B. a few years』 C. a few year D. a few year』s
18. The color of my trousers different from_____ of yours.
A. is, one B. is, that C. are, it D. are, this
19. There are a lot of down there but hardly any_____.
A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people C. sheeps, persons D. sheep, peoples
20. 用can / may / must / need 填空。
① He ride a bike now.
② the news be true?
③ I watch TV after supper?
④ May I take the dictionary away? No,, you /Yes, you .
⑤ You come earlier tomorrow.
⑥ Must I clean all the rooms? No, you .
⑦ Need I go? Yes, you . / No, you .
⑧ You have a rest.
⑺ 新目標英語七年級上冊grammar focus
太多了吧,要打好久呢!
請採納答案,支持我一下。
⑻ 七年級(新課標)英語全部語法(如Thank for doing)
The letter translation principles
The principle of optimal relevance
Temporal constraints determine alphabet translator must to rece translation strategy. Rection method is an important operation principle is the principle of optimal relevance. Optimal relevance principle refers to the translator in cognitive reasoning out the content and contextual assumptions of optimal relevance based on the contextual effects of these two factors: the former is small, the latter is more big, the associated sex is stronger. The principle of optimal relevance in translation to convey what and how the expression are greatly restrict action; in other words, it attempts to convey is that listeners with with sufficient relevance to generate sufficient contextual effects, and in the way of expression should be accomplished already can proce the author attempts to let the audience to make explanation, and not let people spend unnecessary processing ability. Specific to the letter translation, relevance principle is mainly embodied in the translator of the recipients of information cognitive judgment. The recipients of information in limited space in cognitive activities be of no great importance and even irrelevant information section. Delete, to highlight the more relevant information
例如;現在進行時,一般現在時,一般過去式。。。。。。
⑼ 初一英語上冊 新目標 語法
be good with sb.和某人相處得好
help sb. with sth.在某方面幫助某人
be strict with sb.對某人要求嚴格
be strict in sth.對某事要求嚴格
be busy with sth.忙於某事
play with與……玩耍
make sb. tired.使某人感到累
ask about sth.詢問某事
ask sb. sth.詢問某人某事
ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事
ask for sth.請求某事
ask sb. for sth.向某人請求某事
write to sb.給某人寫信
tell sb. about sth.告訴某人關於某事
Thanks for+n./doing sth.為……而感謝
want sth.想要某物
want to do sth.像做某事
want sb. to do sth.要某人做某事
like to do sth.喜歡做某事(偶爾)
like doing sth.喜歡做某事(習慣)
1、詞類:英語詞類分十種:
名詞、形容詞、代詞、數詞、冠詞、動詞、副詞、介詞、連詞、感嘆詞。
1、名詞(n.): 表示人、事物、地點或抽象概念的名稱。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.
2、代詞(pron.): 主要用來代替名詞。如:who, she, you, it .
3、形容詞(adj..):表示人或事物的性質或特徵。如:good, right, white, orange .
4、數詞(num.): 表示數目或事物的順序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.
5、動詞(v.): 表示動作或狀態。如:am, is,are,have,see .
6、副詞(adv.): 修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞,說明時間、地點、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.
7、冠詞(art..):用在名詞前,幫助說明名詞。如:a, an, the.
8、介詞(prep.): 表示它後面的名詞或代詞與其他句子成分的關系。如in, on, from, above, behind.
9、連詞(conj.): 用來連接詞、短語或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感嘆詞(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、樂等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello.
2、句子成分:英語句子成分分為七種:主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、賓語補足語。
1、主語是句子所要說的人或事物,回答是「誰」或者「什麼」。通常用名詞或代詞擔任。如:I』m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)
2、謂語動詞說明主語的動作或狀態,回答「做(什麼)」。主要由動詞擔任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (傑克每天打掃房間)
3、表語在系動詞之後,說明主語的身份或特徵,回答是「什麼」或者「怎麼樣」。通常由名詞、代詞或形容詞擔任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)
4、賓語表示及物動詞的對象或結果,回答做的是「什麼」。通常由名詞或代詞擔任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼這個詞)
有些及物動詞帶有兩個賓語,一個指物,一個指人。指物的叫直接賓語,指人的叫間接賓語。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他給我寫了一封信)
有時可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前構成短語,放在直接賓語後面,來強調間接賓語。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他給我寫了一封信)
5、定語修飾名詞或代詞,通常由形容詞、代詞、數詞等擔任。如:
Shanghai is a big city .(上海是個大城市)
6、狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞,通常由副詞擔任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力)
7、賓語補足語用來說明賓語怎麼樣或干什麼,通常由形容詞或動詞充當。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他們通常讓教室保持清潔) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常幫我做功課) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老師要我自學法語)
☆同位語通常緊跟在名詞、代詞後面,進一步說明它的情況。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同學湯姆在哪裡?)
3、構詞法:英語構詞法主要有:合成法、派生法和轉換法。
1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。
2、派生法:
(1)派生名詞:①動詞+er/or ②動詞+ing ③動詞+(t)ion ④形容詞+ness ⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge
(2)派生形容詞:①名詞+y ②名詞+ful ③動詞+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩國名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious
(3)派生副詞:①形容詞+ly ②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。
3、轉換法:
(1)形容詞→動詞,如:dry(乾燥的)→dry(弄乾), clean(干凈的)→clean(打掃,弄乾凈),等等。
(2)動詞→名詞,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。
(3)名詞→動詞,如:hand(手)→(傳遞),face(臉)→(面對)等等。
(4)形容詞→副詞,如:early→early, fast→fast等等。
(5)副詞→連詞,如:when(什麼時候)→(當……時候),等等。
(6)介詞→副詞,如:in(到……里)→(在裡面;在家),on(在…上)→(進行,繼續),等等。
一. 詞彙 ⑴ 單詞 1. 介詞:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of 1). in表示"在……中", "在……內"。例如: in our class 在我們班上 in my bag 在我的書包里 in the desk 在桌子里 in the classroom 在教室里 2). on 表示"在……上"。例如: on the wall 在牆上 on the desk 在桌子上 on the blackboard 在黑板上 3). under表示"在……下"。例如: under the tree 在樹下 under the chair 在椅子下 under the bed 在床下 4). behind表示"在……後面"。例如: behind the door 在門後 behind the tree 在樹後 5). near表示"在……附近"。例如: near the teacher's desk 在講桌附近 near the bed 在床附近 6). at表示"在……處"。例如: at school 在學校 at home 在家 at the door 在門口 7). of 表示"……的"。例如: a picture of our classroom 我們教室的一幅畫 a map of China 一張中國地圖 2. 冠詞 a / an / the: 冠詞一般位於所限定的名詞前,用來署名名詞所指的人或事物。冠詞有不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。不定冠詞有兩個形式,即a和an。a用在以輔音音素開頭的詞前,如a book; an用在以母音音素開頭的字母前,如an apple. a或an與可數名詞單數連用,泛指某類人或某物中的一個。 This is a cat. 這是一隻貓。 It's an English book. 這是一本英語書。 His father is a worker. 他的爸爸是個工人。 the既可以用在可數名詞前,也可以用在不可數名詞前,表示某個或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到過的人或事物。 Who's the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是誰呀? ------ What can you see in the classroom? ------ I can see a bag. ------ Where's the bag? ------ It's on the desk. ------- 你能在教室里看到什麼呀? ------ 我能看見一個書包。 ------ 書包在哪呀? ------ 在桌子上。 3.some和any ①在肯定句中用some.例如: There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些書。 Lucy has some good books露西有一些好書。 ②在疑問句和否定句中用any。例如: Is there any ink in your pen?你的鋼筆里有墨水嗎? Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹嗎? There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里沒有水。 ⑵記住它們的特殊用法。 ①some亦可用於表示盼望得到對方肯定的答復或表示建議、委婉請求的疑問句中,這一點我們不久就會學到。例如: Would you like to have some apples?你想吃蘋果嗎? ②any也可用於肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如: Any one of us can do this.我們當中任何一個都能做這個。 some 和any的用法是經常出現的考點,希望大家能准確地掌握它們的用法。 4.family family看作為一個整體時,意思是"家庭",後面的謂語動詞be用單數形式 is ;如把family看作為家庭成員時,應理解為復數,後面的謂語動詞be應用are。 My family is a big family. 我的家庭是個大家庭。 My family are all at home now. 我的家人現在都在家。 Family強調由家人組成的一個集體或強調這個集體中的成員。home指個人出生、被撫養長大的環境和居住地點。 house指"家"、"房屋",側重居住的建築本身。 His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。 My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。 He isn't at home now. 他現在不在家。 It's a picture of my family. 這是一張我全家的照片。 5. little的用法 a little dog 一隻小狗,a little boy 一個小男孩。little常用來修飾有生命的名詞。 *但little還可表示否定意義,意為"少的",加不可數名詞。 There is little time. 幾乎沒時間了。 There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。 ⑵ 片語 on the desk 在桌子上 behind the chair 在椅子後 under the chair 在椅子下面 in her pencil-box 在她的鉛筆盒中 near the door 在門附近 a picture of a classroom 一個教室的圖片 look at the picture 看這張圖片 the teacher's desk 講桌 a map of China 一張中國地圖 family tree 家譜 have a seat 坐下,就坐 this way 這邊走 二. 日常用語 1. Come and meet my family. 2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei. 3. Glad to meet you. 4. What can you see in the picture? I can see a clock / some books. 5. Can you see an orange? Yes, I can. / No, I can't. 6. Where's Shenzhen? It's near Hong Kong. 7. Let me see.(口語)讓我想想看。 see 在這是"明白、懂了",不可譯作"看見"。例如: 8. Please have a seat. seat表示"座位",是個名詞。have a seat表示"就坐",也可以說take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。 三. 語法 1. 名詞所有格 名詞如要表示與後面名詞的所有關系,通常用名詞所有格的形式,意為"……的"。一般有以下幾種形式: (1). 一般情況下在詞尾加"'s"。例如: Kate's father Kate的爸爸 my mother's friend 我媽媽的朋友 (2). 如果復數名詞以s結尾,只加"'"。例如: Teachers' Day 教師節 The boys' game 男孩們的游戲 (3). 如果復數名詞不以s結尾,仍加"'s"。例如: Children's Day 兒童節 Women's Day 婦女節 (4). 表示兩個或幾個共有時,所有格應加在後一個名詞上。例如: Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房間 Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸 動物和無生命事物的名詞的所有格一般不在詞尾加"'s",而常常用介詞of的短語來表示。 a map of China 一幅中國地圖 the name of her cat 她的貓的名字 a picture of my family 我的家庭的一張照片 the door of the bedroom 卧室的門 2. 祈使句 祈使句主要用來表示說話人的請求、命令、建議、叮囑等意圖。祈使句一般不用主語,讀時用降調。為使語氣委婉、禮貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾時,please前多用逗號。 (1). 祈使句肯定形式的謂語動詞一律用動詞原形。 Go and see. 去看看。 Come in, please. 請進。 (2). 祈使句的否定形式常用don't於句首。 Don't look at your books. 不要看書。 Don't play on the road. 不要在馬路上玩。 3. There be 的句子結構 There be是一個"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思, 肯定句的形式為:There be + 名詞(單數或復數)+地點狀語或時間狀語。 be動詞單復數的確定,看be後邊第一個名詞,當所接主語為單數或不可數名詞時,be動詞形式為is;當所接主語為復數名詞時,be動詞為are;當be動詞後接兩個以上主語時,be動詞與最臨近主語保持數上的一致。意思為"某地有某人或某物"。如: There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一塊橡皮和兩支鋼筆。 There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有兩支鋼筆和一塊橡皮。 (1)there be的否定句,即在be的後面加上not。 否定形式為:There be + not + (any) + 名詞+地點狀語。 There is not any cat in the room. 房間里沒貓。 There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上沒書。 (2)there be句型的疑問句就是將be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名詞+地點狀語?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't. ---Is there a dog in the picture? 畫上有一隻狗嗎? ---Yes, there is. 有。 ---Are there any boats in the river? 河裡有船嗎? ---No, there aren't. 沒有。 (3)特殊疑問句:How many . . . are there (+地點狀語)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用There be . . . There's one. / There are two / three / some . . . 有時直接就用數字來回答。One. / Two . . . ---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少學生? ---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一個。/有九個。 (4)如果名詞是不可數名詞,用:How much + 不可數名詞 + is there + 地點狀語? How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水? How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物?