⑴ 初中英語語法大全
在新界
⑵ 初中英語語法
定義
動名詞是一種兼有動詞和名詞特徵的非限定動詞。它可以支配賓語，也能被副詞修飾。動名詞有時態和語態的變化。
解釋：動詞的ing形式如果是名詞，這個詞稱動名詞。
一、動名詞的作用
動名詞具有名詞的性質，因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。
1、作主語
Reading is an art. 讀書是一種藝術。
Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山是真有趣。
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在這種工作條件下工作不是愉快而是痛苦。
動名詞作主語，有時先用it作形式主語，把動名詞置於句末。這種用法在習慣句型中常用。如：
It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 灑掉的牛奶哭也沒用。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 勸說這樣的人加入真是浪費時間。
It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上這種擁擠的車真難。
It is fun playing with children. 和孩子們一起玩真好。
There is no joking about such matters. 對這種事情不是開玩笑。
動名詞作主語的幾種類型
動名詞可以在句子中充當名詞所能充當的多種句子成分。在這里僅就動名詞在句子中作主語的情況進行討論。
動名詞作主語有如下幾種常見情況：
1. 直接位於句首做主語。例如：
Swimming is a good sport in summer.
2. 用 it 作形式主語，把動名詞(真實主語)置於句尾作後置主語。
動名詞做主語時，不太常用 it 作先行主語，多見於某些形容詞及名詞之後。例如：
It is no use telling him not to worry.
常見的能用於這種結構的形容詞還有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。
注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容詞不能用於上述結構。
3. 用於「There be」結構中。例如：
There is no saying when he'll come.很難說他何時回來。
4. 用於布告形式的省略結構中。例如：
No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ).
No parking.
5. 動名詞的復合結構作主語
當動名詞有自己的邏輯主語時，常可以在前面加上一個名詞或代詞的所有格，構成動名詞的復合結構(——這時，名詞或代詞的所有格做動名詞的邏輯主語)。動名詞的復合結構也可以在句中作主語。例如：
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
6.例詞
shopping fishing cycling這些都是很常見的動名詞
二、動名詞作主語與動詞不定式作主語的比較
動詞不定式和動名詞都可以用作主語。在意義上相近。但動名詞多用來表示泛指或抽象動作，不定式多用來表示特指或具體動作。比較：
Smoking is not good for health.
It is not good for you to smoke so much.
注意：
1)在口語中，用動名詞作主語位於句首的較不定式多見。
2)在「It is no use...」，「It is no good...」，「It is fun...」，「It is a waste of time...」等句型中，通常用動名詞作真實主語：
It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that.
*It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that.
3)在疑問句中，通常用動名詞的復合結構，而不用不定式的復合結構作主語：
Does your saying that mean anything to him?
*Does for you to say that mean anything to him?
4)在「There be」句型中，只能用動名詞，而不能用不定式作主語：
There is no telling what will happen.
It is impossible to tell what will happen.
5)當句子中的主語和表語都是非限定動詞時，要遵循前後一致的原則，主語和表語在形式上要求統一：
Seeing is believing.
*To see is to believe.
2、作賓語
（1）作動詞的賓語
某些動詞後出現非限定性動詞時只能用動名詞作賓語，不能用不定式。常見的此類動詞有：advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can』t stand, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。如：
They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他們繼續走，說個不停。
I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海灘上走真是樂事。
（2）作介詞的賓語
We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我們正考慮為下學期制定新的計劃。
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我們休息呢還是開始幹活？
（3）作形容詞的賓語
The music is well worth listening to more than once. 這種曲子很值得多聽幾遍。
We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我們正為馬上到來的運動會忙著做准備。
3、作表語
動名詞作表語時句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導的名詞性從句。表語動名詞與主語通常是對等的關系，表示主語的內容，主語、表語可互換位置。
Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任務就是擦窗戶。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
4、作定語
動名詞作定語往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途。如：
a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking
a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing
a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading
a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring
sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping
二、動名詞的邏輯主語
帶有邏輯主語的動名詞稱為動名詞的復合結構。當動名詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時，要在動名詞之前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格，這便構成了動名詞的復合結構。其中物主代詞（名詞所有格）是邏輯上的主語，動名詞是邏輯上的謂語。動名詞復合結構在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等，分別相當於一個主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句。如：
Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他來幫忙鼓舞了我。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.)
Jane』s being careless caused so much trouble. 簡這么粗心惹來了不少麻煩。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)
What』s troubling them is their not having enough food. 煩擾他們的是食物不足。 (=What』s troubling them is that they have not enough food.)
在口語中，如果動名詞復合結構作賓語，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞賓格，名詞所有格常用名詞普通格來代替，但在句首作主語時不能這樣來代替。如：
Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的電腦介意嗎？
The father insisted on his son』s/his son going to college. 爸爸堅決要求兒子上大學。
Mary』s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 瑪麗病了，使她媽媽很著急。
His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽煙使他一家人非常生氣。
在下列情況下動名詞的邏輯主語必須用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞賓語：
a.無命名詞
The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 這個嬰兒被猛烈的關門聲吵醒。
b. 有生命名詞但表示泛指意義
Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你聽說過婦女練拳擊嗎？
c. 兩個以上的有生命名詞並列
Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 你記得你父母和我都告訴過你這事嗎？
三、動名詞的時態和語態
動名詞的時態和語態如下：
時態
主動語態
被動語態
一般式
writing
being written
完成式
having written
having been written
其否定形式是在doing前加上not
1、動名詞一般式表示的動作通常是一般性動作，即不是明確地發生在過去、現在或將來的動作，或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生的動作。如：
I hate talking with such people. 我討厭與這樣的人說話。
Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一個好習慣。
2、動名詞的完成式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前。如：
I don』t remember having met him before. 我記不得以前見過他。
Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 謝謝你費力幫忙。
3、動名詞的邏輯主語同時也是動名詞動作的承受者，動名詞用被動語態。
（1）它的一般式表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生，或在其前發生。如：
I don』t like being laughed at in public. 在公共場合下，我不喜歡被別人嘲笑。
（2）它的完成式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞之前。如：
I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. 我很高興你能獲得這樣的獎牌。
（3）在某些動詞，我們常用動名詞的一般式表示完成式，盡管動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前，這似乎是一種強大的習慣。如：
Excuse me for being late. 我來晚了請你原諒。
I don』t remember ever meeting somewhere. 我記不得原來在什麼地方見過。
Thank you for giving us so much help. 謝謝給我們這么大的幫助。
（4）在多數情況下都避免使用動名詞被動語態完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子顯得累贅，尤其是在口語中。如：
I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. 我曾被帶到過這個動物園，可我忘了。
（5）動名詞被動語態一般式與現在分詞被動語態一般式同形，但無進行意義，being不可省略。如：
She is afraid of being taken to the public. 她怕被領到大眾面前。
四、常見題型：
1） 動名詞做主語時，謂語動詞為單數
2） 在動名詞和不定式中，作為介詞的賓語是動名詞
3） 動名詞的否定直接在其前加否定詞，通過代詞的賓格或所有格形式給出邏輯主語
例：
I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.
A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you』re calling（Key：C；換成your calling也對）
4） 有些詞後只能接動名詞
admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can』t help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...
5） 另外還有一些接-ing形式的常用說法
it』s no good; it』s no/little/hardly any/ use; it』s not/hardly/scarcely use; it』s worthwhile; spend money/time; there』s no; there』s no point in; there』s nothing worse than; what』s the use/point...
6） 有些詞後面加不定式和動名詞均可
remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean後面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意義截然不容。
例：
remember to do/doing：
①I remembered to post the letters.（指未來/過去未來將要做的動作）
②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.（我記得做過這個動作）
forget與remember的用法類似。
regret的用法：
①I regret to inform you that…（我很遺憾地通知你……）
②I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.（為了「二十年前的離開」而遺憾。）
try to（努力）與try +–ing（試驗）：
①You really must try to overcome your shyness.
②Try practicing five hours a day.
五、動名詞與現在分詞的同與不同
動名詞它在形式上與現在分詞相同，都是在動詞原形的詞末加-ing。在現代語法中，這兩種形式同視為"-ing形式"。 這兩種形式的另一個相同之處是：它們都是由動詞變化而成的，它們都保留了動詞的某些特徵，它們都能帶自己的賓語、狀語，而構成動名詞短語或是現在分詞短語去擔當句子成分。例如：
Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerful .
（現在分詞短語，作狀語）他在公眾場所講話時總是興高采烈的。
She hates speaking in the public.
（動名詞短語，作賓語）她不喜歡在公眾場所講話。
區別：
1､動名詞和現在分詞都可以用於系動詞之後作表語,區別方法是:
①作表語的動名詞與主語指的是同一件事,此時系動詞相當於「是」,通常把主語和表語的位置互換,語法和意思不變,例如:
My hobby is swimming.可改為Swimming is my hobby.(可將原句中的主語與表語位置互換)
②現在分詞作表語主要用以說明主語的性質,不能與主語互換位置,例如:
The story is interesting .不可改為:Interesting is the story.
2､動名詞和現在分詞都可以用作定語來修飾名詞,兩者的區別在於:
動名詞修飾名詞時主要表示該名詞的用途,而現在分詞修飾名詞時性質､狀態或動作等｡試比較:
①a swimming boy和a swimming suit
前者的意思是「一個正在游泳的男孩」,即a boy who is swimming ,現在分詞swimming 表示被修飾名詞boy的動作;而後者的意思是「游泳衣」,即a suit for swimming , 動名詞swimming表示suit 的用途｡
②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car
前者的意思是「一個正在睡覺的孩子」,即a child who is sleeping ,現在分詞sleeping 表示被修飾名詞 child 正處於的狀態;而後者的意思是「卧車(被用來睡覺的車廂)」,即 a car which is used for sleeping ,動名詞 sleeping 表示car 的用途｡
被動語態
一、 被動語態的用法：
1. 一般現在時的被動語態構成：is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
I am asked to study hard.
Knives are used for cutting things.
2. 一般過去時的被動語態構成：was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞
A new shop was built last year.
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3. 現在完成時的被動語態構成：has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
4. 一般將來時的被動語態構成：will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情態動詞的被動語態構成：情態動詞+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
6. 現在進行時的被動語態構成：am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.
7. 不定式的被動語態：to + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞
There are two books to be read. →
There are twenty more trees to be planted.
二、 怎樣把主動語態改成被動語態?
把主動語態改為被動語態非常簡單，可以遵循以下幾個步驟：
1. 先找出謂語動詞；
2. 再找出謂語動詞後的賓語；
3. 把賓語用作被動語態中的主語；
4. 注意人稱、時態和數的變化。
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.
三、 使用被動語態應注意的幾個問題：
1. 不及物動詞無被動語態。
What will happen in 100 years.
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
3. 感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式，主動語態中不帶to ，但變為被動語態時，須加上to 。
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態時，直接賓語(物)作主語，那麼動詞後要用介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定,或是間接賓語加被動語態再加只接賓語。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. 或是I was given a book by him.
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. 或是i was shown a ticket by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 或是Lwas bought a new bike by my father.
5. 一些動詞短語用於被動語態時，動詞短語應當看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。
We can』t laugh him. →He can』t be laugh by us.
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.</CA>
⑶ 初中的英語語法主要有哪些
一般現在時 do
一般過去時 did
一般將來時 will do
現在進行時 is（am are）doing
過去進行時 was（were）doing
一般過去將來時 would do
過去完成時態 had done
現在完成時 have（has）done
一、 一般現在時
1、定義 表示經常發生的動作或存在的狀態,如能力、特徵、性質、身份等.
2、構成 1) be --- is, am, are 2) 實意動詞用原形表示 (注意當主語為第三人稱單數時,動詞 + s或 + es)
句型轉換 1) 情態動詞,聯系動詞提前或直接在其後加 not 2) 實意動詞加do/ does或don't/ doesn't
3、用法 1) 表示經常性的、習慣性的或永久性的動作,常與 always, usually, often, sometimes, every day,
twice a month等連用. e.g. Does he usually go to school on foot?
2) 表示存在的狀態,常用動詞 be, have, love, like, know, see, hear, think, have, belong to 等.注意這些
動詞一般不用被動語態. e.g. He doesn't like music.
3) 表示不受時間限制的客觀事實或普遍真理. e.g. The earth goes round the sun.
二、一般過去時
1、定義 表示過去某一時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態,可能是一次的,也可能是經常的,動作已完成.
2、構成 1) be – was,were 2) 實意動詞用過去式來表示,沒有人稱和數的變化.
句型轉換 1) was, were 提前或直接加 not 2) 實意動詞加did或didn't(動詞改為原形)
3、用法 1) 表示過去某一時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與表示過去的時間狀語連用 yesterday , last Friday, in 1994, an hour ago, a moment ago, last November, before 1997, on December 26, 1976. yesterday morning.
2) 表示過去經常或反復發生的動作. When I was in the university, I did morning exercises every day.
3) had(have的過去式)當「有」講時,構成疑問和否定有兩種形式,其他詞義同實意動詞.
Did you have no friends? He hasn't enough time.
My father doesn't have lunch at factory. (不用 haven't) Did you have a good time?
三、一般將來時
1、定義 表示將來某一時間內要發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與表示將來的時間狀語連用.如tomorrow, today, this week, next week, next month, next year, next Wednesday, from now on, in a year, in the future
2、構成和用法1)shall (第一人稱)和will (所有人稱) + 動詞原形, 縮寫為 「'll」,否定縮寫為shan't, won't.
2) be going to do,常用於口語,表示打算去做的事和可能要發生的事. It's going to rain.
3) is/ am/ are about to do...when...表馬上要發生的事,不與時間連用.I was about to leave when it rained.
4) be to do sth. 按計劃或職責、義務要求必須做的事或即將發生的動作.
5) 終止性動詞come, go, leave, arrive等的現在進行時刻表示按計劃,安排或即將進行的動作.
6) 以if, as soon as, when, once, unless等引導的從句的一般現在時表示一般將來時.
四、過去將來時
1、定義 表示從過去某一時間來看將要發生的動作或存在的狀態.
2、構成及用法 should (第一人稱)或would (第二,三人稱) + 動詞原形,常用於賓語從句中.
We asked him where we should have a meeting. 其他用法見一般將來時.
五、現在進行時和過去進行時
定義：現在進行時表示1）現在正在進行的動作 2）現階段一直在進行,延續性 3）目前階段臨時發生的動作,暫時性. is/ am/ are + doing
過去進行時表示1）過去某時正在進行的動作 2）過去某段時間正在進行的動作 3）過去瞬間發生的動作.was/ were + doing
Notes：1. 表安排、計劃要發生的動作可用進行時表示將來時.這些終止性動詞有arrive, begin, come, go, leave, start
2. 現在進行時與always, often等頻率副詞連用,表示厭煩、贊嘆等感情.
3. 在條件從句中,時間狀語從句中用現在進行時表示將來進行時.
4. 同理,在表條件、時間狀語從句中,用過去進行時表示過去將來進行時,在一些表開始,離開的動詞用過去進行時表過去將來時.
用法： 1. 現在完成時表示現階段完成的動作或存在的狀態,動作或狀態從過去開始延續到現在,可能終止,
即動作發生在過去強調對現在的影響,與現在有關,常與 already, ever, lately, just, now, recently, yet,
for + 段時間, since + 點時間；in the last/ past three years, so far, by now, up to now/ present等連用
2. 過去時指過去某時或某一段時間發生的動作或存在的狀態.指的現在之前的情況,與現在無關
3. 過去完成時指的過去某一時間動作之前發生的動作或存在的狀態,「過去的過去」.常用句型：
1) had done + before/ when/ by the time + did 2) did + after/ until + had done
3) had done + by/ up/ since/ till + 過去時間 4) No sooner had + S. + done ... than ... did ...
5) Hardly/ Scarcely had + S. + done ... when ... did ... 6) had meant to do …
Notes: 1. just「剛才」表示剛剛過去,可以看成與說話時間緊密相連,可與現在完成時連用,也可以與過去時連用.但just now「剛才」=a moment ago, 只表示過去時間,只與過去時連用.
2. 一些終止性動詞不能用完成時態的肯定句與延續多久的時間狀語連用,要用表狀態的動詞或用動詞+介詞短語或+形容詞的完成式,還可以用it is+多少時間+since的句型.
3. since自從……以來 conj + 從句 prep + 表示「時間點」的名詞.for prep.+ 多少時間,表示一段時間.
He has been studying since 3 o'clock/ since 3 hours ago/ since he came. He's been here for five hours.
4. in the past/last+多少時間,表示最近一段時間,用完成時,不用過去時.
5. have been去過某地（不在去過地）have gone到某地去了（不在說話地方）.一,二人稱不能用have gone. 6. 在美語中have/ has got = have/ has.
7. hardly...when..., no sooner...than... 引導倒裝句,常與過去完成時連用.
8. hope, intend, mean, plan, think, want常用過去完成時表示過去的意圖而實際沒有實現的情況
1、名詞
1可數名詞及其單復數；
2不可數名詞
3專有名詞
4名詞所有格
2、代詞
1人稱代詞
2物主代詞
3反身代詞
4指示代詞
5不定代詞
6疑問代詞
3、數詞
1基數詞
2序數詞
4、介詞和介詞短語
5、連詞
6、形容詞
1形容詞的基本用法
2形容詞的比較級和最高級
7、副詞
1副詞的基本用法
2副詞的比較級和最高級
8、冠詞
9、動詞
1動詞的基本形式
2系動詞
3及物動詞和不及物動詞
4助動詞
5情態動詞
10、時態
1一般現在時
2一般過去時
3一般將來時
4現在進行時
5現在完成時
6過去進行時
7過去完成時
11、被動語態
12、動詞不定式
13、構詞法
1合成法
2派生法
3轉化法
4縮寫和簡寫
14、句子的種類
1陳述句（肯定式和否定式）
2疑問句（一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句）
3祈使句
4感嘆句
15、句子成分
1主語
2謂語
3表語
4賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）
5補語
6定語
7狀語
16、簡單句基本句型
1主語+系動詞+表語
2主語+不及物動詞
3主語+及物動詞+賓語
4主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語
5主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語
6there be句型
17、並列復合句
18、主從復合句
1賓語從句
2狀語從句
3定語從句
19、直接引語與間接引語
⑷ 初中七年級英語語法總結歸納
七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1)
七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1)
分類：英語學習
Unit 1 Where』s your pen pal from?
一．短語：
1 ．be from = come from 來自於----
2． live in 居住在---
3． on weekends 在周末
4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 給某人寫信；寫信給某人
5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中國
6．pen pal 筆友 14 years old 14歲 favorite subject 最喜歡的科目
7．the United States 美國 the United Kingdom 英國 New York 紐約
8．speak English 講英語 like and dislike 愛憎
9．go to the movies 去看電影 play sports 做運動
二．重點句式：
1 Where』s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三．本單元的國家，人民、語言對應。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish
Unit 2 Where』s the post office?
一． Asking ways: (問路)
1． Where is (the nearest) ……？ （最近的）……在哪裡？
2． Can you tell me the way to ……？ 你能告訴我去……的路嗎？
3． How can I get to ……？ 我怎樣到達……呢？
4． Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……嗎？
5． Which is the way to ……？ 哪條是去……的路？
二．Showing the ways: （指路）
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿著這條街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二個路口向左轉。
3. You will find it on your right. 你會在你右手邊發現它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 離這里大約一百米遠。
5. You』d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交車去。（You』d better+動詞原形）
三．片語
1. across from …… 在……的對面 across from the bank 在銀行的對面
2. next to…… 緊靠…… next to the supermarket 緊靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之間
between the park and the zoo 在公園和動物園之間
among 表示位於三者或三者以上之間
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
課室前面有棵樹。
in the front of…… 在……（內）的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
課室內的前部有張桌子。
5. behind…… 在……後面 behind my house 在我家後面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右邊 on the left of our school 在我們學校的左邊
on one』s left/right 在某人的左/右邊 on my left 在我左邊
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿著……（街道） down/along Center Street 沿著中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 歡迎來到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的開始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的開始,前端
in the beginning 起初，一開始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得開心，過得愉快
我昨天玩得很開心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐計程車
16. 到達：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到這/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17．go across 從物體表面橫過 go across the street 橫過馬路
go through 從空間穿過 go through the forest 穿過樹林
18．on + 街道的名稱。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具體門牌號+街道的名稱 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三．重難點解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的樂趣，喜愛做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜愛讀書。
到目前為止，我們學了兩個特殊的動詞finish和enjoy，都是要帶 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我掃完了這間屋子。
2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通過這次考試。
hope +從句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天將會晴朗。
（從句即是一個小句子，這個小句子又放在大句子中，從屬於大句子，所以叫從句。如tomorrow will be fine是一個從句，它又放在I hope 的後面，形成句中有句。）
3. if 引導一個表示假設的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有許多錢，我就會去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你餓了的話，你可以在超市買一些食物。
四．本單元的反義詞、近義詞配對
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一．重點片語
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day ring the day
二. 交際用語
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they』re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they』re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because they』re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She』s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8．He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10．Let』s see the pandas first.
11．They』re kind of interesting.
12．What other animals do you like?
13．Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重點難點釋義
1、kind of 有點，稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有點害羞。
kind 還有「種類」的意思
如：各種各樣的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中國 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是專有名詞，首字母都應該大寫，而且和介詞in連用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的，和藹可親的
它是名詞friend的形容詞形式，常常和be動詞連用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟，同，和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意區別與and的用法，and通常用於連接主語或賓語，連接主語時，
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之後，如：
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with 「和…一起玩耍」「玩…」
I often play with my pet dog.
Don』t play with water!
5、day和night 是一對反義詞，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。
通常說in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 葉子
復數形式為：leaves, 類似的變化還有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小時；點鍾
hour前邊通常加上冠詞an 表示「一個小時」， 即：an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 來自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. （食用的）肉，為不可數名詞，表示「許多」時，使用much來修
飾，即：much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草，為不可數名詞，表示「許多」時，使用much來修飾，即：much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 語法知識
特殊疑問句通常以「what」、「who」、「which」、「when」、「where」、「how」、「how old」、「how many」等開頭，對某一具體問題進行提問。
特殊疑問句的基本構成有兩種情況：
1. 疑問句+一般疑問句結構。這是最常見的情況。例如：
What』s your grandfather』s telephone number? 你爺爺的電話號碼是多少？
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那個大眼睛的男孩是誰？
Which season do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個季節？
When is he going to play the piano? 他什麼時候彈鋼琴？
Where does he live? 他住在哪兒？
How are you? 你好嗎？
How old are you? 你多大了？
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有幾個兄弟姐妹？
2. 疑問句+陳述句結構。這時疑問詞作主語或修飾主語。例如：
Who is on ty today?
今天誰值日？
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老師？
我們學過的What/How about+名詞/代詞+其他？也是特殊疑問句，它是一種省略結構。
例如：
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜歡英語。你呢？
What about playing basketball? 打籃球怎麼樣？
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一．短語：
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 給某人某物 / 把某物給某人
3 help sb do sth 幫助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 幫助某人謀事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----談話
8 be busy doing sth 忙於做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在醫院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚報
二．重點句式及注意事項：
1 詢問職業的特殊疑問詞是what；有三種主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名詞所有格/ 形容詞性物主代詞 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I』m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
三． 本單元中的名詞復數。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----