語法抄方面建議用奧風英語的襲
中學語法三劍客，包括
中考語法完全突破
視頻教程，記憶大綱，和精編中考語法專項練習，三件一套，視頻供學習理解，大綱供背誦記憶，練習供運用鞏固，學記練一體，全面系統，配套完善，直節針對中考，可以說是目前公認最好的語法資料了。網路
中考語法完全突破
即可找到視頻，不妨搜來看看。詞彙方面可以看看
中考詞彙篇章式記憶，配MP3的。
2. 初三英語全部的單詞和語法！！急！！！
奧風英語的 中考語法三劍客+中考詞彙篇章式記憶 全都有了
3. 初中語法全解，英語常用單詞
1、動詞的分類：
類 別 意 義 例 句
實義動詞 含有實在的意義,表示動作或狀態,在句子中能獨立作謂語。 She has some bananas. 她吃些香蕉。
They eat a lot of potatoes. 他們常吃土豆。
I』m reading an English book now.
我現在正看一本英文書。
連系動詞 本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨立作謂語,必須和表語一起構成謂語。 His father is a teacher.他父親是教師。
Twins usually look the same.
雙胞胎通常看起來一樣。
The teacher became very angry. 老師變得很生氣。
助動詞 本身沒有詞義,不能獨立作謂語,只能和主要動詞一起構成謂語動詞,用來表示否定、疑問、時態、語態或其它語法形式,助動詞自身有人稱、單復數和時態的變化。 He doesn』t speak English. 他不說英語。
We are playing basketball. 我們在打籃球。
Do you have a brother? 你有兄弟嗎？
情態動詞 本身有一定的意義,不能獨立作謂語,只能和主要動詞一起構成謂語動詞,表示說話人的語氣和情態。情態動詞沒有人稱和單復數的變化,有些情態動詞有過去式。 You can keep the books for two weeks.
這些書你可以借兩個星期。
May I smoke here? 我可以在這兒抽煙嗎？
We must go now. 我們現在得走了。
★重要註解：
(1) 關於實義動詞：
① 英語的實義動詞又可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞兩大類：
後面必須跟賓語意義才完整的叫及物動詞；本身意義完整,後面不需跟賓語的叫不及物動詞。
② 有些動詞通常只作不及物動詞。如：go,come,happen,lie,listen,rise,arrive,hall等。
有些動詞通常用作及物動詞。如：say, raise, lay, find, buy等。
③ 大多數動詞可以兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞。如：study, sing等。
④ 有些動詞作及物動詞與作不及物動詞時的意義有所不同。如：know, wash等。
⑤ 有些動詞常和介詞 、副詞或其它詞類一起構成固定片語,形成短語動詞。如：listen,reply,wait,look.
(2) 關於連系動詞：
① 連系動詞用來連接主語和表語,連系動詞後面常為形容詞。
② 常見的連系動詞有：be、become、look、feel、sound、smell、taste、seem、turn、grow、get、 go、fall、sit、stand、lie 等。
③ 有些連系動詞來源於實義動詞,意思也跟著變化：look(看→看起來)、feel(感覺、摸→感到)、 smell(聞、嗅→聞起來)、taste(嘗→嘗起來)、turn(翻轉、轉動→變得)、grow(生長→變得)、get(得到、到達→變得)、go(去→變得),所不同的是,作為實義動詞時,後面不能跟形容詞。
[注釋]
become、get、go、be、grow、turn的用法區別：become表示「變成」,比較正式,通常不用將來時表示動作已經完成。get也表示動作已經完成,但是更加口語化,通常表示溫度、時間、歲數等變化。go表示「變得」,常見於某些短語中,後面常有形容詞bad、blind、hungry等。be表示「是、成為、當」,多用於將來時、祈使句或不定式中。grow表示「變得」,常指逐漸的變化,表示身高、歲數的增長。turn表示「變得」,指變為與原先不同的情況,通常指顏色等變化。如：I was caught in the rain and I became ill.(我淋雨感冒了)/ He has got rich.(他變富了)/ He will be a scientist in the future.(將來他將成為科學家)/ My little brother has grown much taller in the past year.(在過去的一年裡我的弟弟長得高多了)/ The sandwich has gone bad.(那塊三明治已經變壞)/ Her face turned red after her mother criticized(批評) her.(媽媽批評了他以後他的臉變紅了)
(3) 關於助動詞：
①常見的助動詞有：用於進行時和被動語態的be (am, is, are ,was, were, been, being ) ;用於完成時的have(has,had,having) ;用於將來時的shall (should) ; will (would)和用於一般時的do(does,did) .
②助動詞必須同主語的人稱和數一致,也就是說因主語人稱、數的不同而採用不同的形式,其中有些助動詞也可作情態動詞。如：shall, will, should, would.
(4) 關於情態動詞：
①常見的情態動詞有：can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared) , need等,另外,have to、had better也當作情態動詞使用。情態動詞後面必須加動詞的原形。
②can表示體力、腦力方面的能力或客觀的可能性。口語中, 在詢問或說明一件事可不可以做時,常用「can」代替「may」。情態動詞「can」的過去式是「could」,否定式是「cannot」通常縮寫成「can』t」,「could」的否定式是「could not」,通常縮寫成「couldn』t」。如：Can I help you?(要幫忙嗎？)/ He can swim.(他會游泳)/ That can』t be Mr Li.(那不可能是李先生)
③ may表示允許、請求或可能性,用may提問時,肯定回答一般用Certainly或Yes,you may.;否定回答一般用can』t或mustn』t. 如：May I ask you a question?—Certainly.(可以問你一個問題嗎？當然可以)/ You may go now.(現在你可以走了)/ It may be in your pocket.(它可能在你的衣袋裡)
④ must表示「必須」、「一定」的意思。表示「必須」時否定形式是mustn』t；表示「一定」時,否定形式是「can』t」 如：We must be very careful when we cross the road.(我們過馬路時一定要非常小心)/ It must be Jack.(那準是傑克)/ I haven』t seen Kate today. She can』t be here.(我今天沒有看到過凱特,她不可能在這里)
[注意]用must(必須)進行提問時,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn』t；用must(一定)進行提問時,肯定回答仍用must,但是否定回答用can』t.如：Must we clean the room before we leave? –Yes,you must.或No,you needn』t.(我們走之前必須要打掃房間嗎？是的,必須打掃。/ 不,不需要。) / Must she be in the romm? –Yes,she must.或No,she can』t.(她一定在房間里嗎？是的,一定。/ 不,不可能在。)
⑤ 「have to」表示「不得不」、「必須」。We』ll have to leave now for it is very late at night.
have to的疑問形式是：助動詞+…+have to,否定形式是：助動詞+not+have to或者用needn』t.如：Do you have to stay until 8 o』clock?(你得呆到8點鍾嗎？)/ You don』t have to do so.(=You needn』t do so.)(你不用這么做)
⑥ shall在問句中,可表示徵求對方意見,與第一人稱連用；在陳述句的第二、三人稱的主語後或表示「命令」、「警告」、「允許」等。如：Shall we go to the zoo this weekend?(我們這個周末去動物園好嗎？)/ He shall bring his own book next time.(他下次必須帶自己的書來)
⑦ should可表示「勸告」、「建議」、「驚奇」等意思。We should speak to old people politely.(我們應該禮貌地對老人講話)
⑧ will表示「意願」、「決心」等意思,一般與第二人稱連用。如：Will you please close the door for me?(請你替我把門關上好嗎？)/ I will teach you a lesson.(我要教訓你一頓)
⑨would表示過去的「意願」、「決心」等。He would sit near the fire every time he returned home.(每次他回到家中總要坐在火爐邊)
would也可以表示現在的情況,表達說話人向對方提出的要求,語氣比「will」婉轉、客氣。在日常會話中,「我想要…」通常用「I would like to」或「I should(I』d) like to」來表示。如：Would you like to have a rest at the moment?(你現在想要休息一下嗎？)
would還可以表示過去經常發生的事情。如：Every year parents would tell their children about the boy who would save his people.(每一年父母們總是向孩子們講述這個將會拯救他的人民的男孩的事)
⑩ need表示「需要」,用於疑問句或否定句。「need」作實義動詞時,在肯定、否定、疑問句中都可以用。如：He needn』t do it in such a hurry.(他不需要如此匆忙地做這件事)/ He needs some help.(他需要一些幫助)/ He doesn』t need to bring his football socks then.(那麼他就無須帶上足球襪了)
⑾ dare是「敢」的意思,用法幾乎與「need」完全相同,即在疑問句和否定句中,可以作情態動詞,後面用不帶「to」的動詞不定式。在肯定句中和實義動詞一樣,後面的動詞不定式要帶「to」。How dare you say I am a fool?(你竟敢說我是個傻瓜？)/ He didn』t dare to touch the red button.(他不敢觸碰那個紅色的按鈕)
⑿ 『d better (do)(「最好是」)一般也當作情態動詞使用,否定式是：』d better not (do). 如：You』d better sit here and say nothing.(你最好坐在這兒不講話)/ You』d better not speak because he is sleeping.(你最好不要講話因為他正在睡覺)
2、動詞詞形變化一覽表：
(1)規則動詞變化表：
規 則變 化 原形動詞結尾情況 現在時單三人稱 現 在 分 詞 過去式和過去分詞
一般情況 +s +ing +ed
s,x,ch,sh,o結尾 +es +ing +ed
輔音字母+y結尾 y→i,+es +ing y→i,+ed
重讀閉音節一元一輔結尾 +s 雙寫輔音字母,+ing 雙寫輔音字母,+ed
不發音的e結尾 +s 去掉e,+ing +d
ie結尾 +s ie→y,+ing +d
不規則變化 have→has；be→is (無) (見不規則動詞變化表)
注意：①在加ing或ed時動詞如果以「r」結尾,尾音節又重讀的動詞,「r」應雙寫。
②s/es的讀音規則：在清輔音後讀[s]；在濁輔音後和母音後讀[z]；在[ s ]、[ F]、[z]、[tF]、[dV]後讀[iz].
③ed的讀音規則：在清輔音後讀[t]；在濁輔音後和母音後讀[d]；在[t]、[d]後讀[id].
(2)不規則動詞變化表：( 原形 → 過去式 → 過去分詞)
be(am,is) was been lose lost lost
be(are) were been make made made
beat beat beaten may might
become became become mean meant meant
begin began begun meet met met
blow blew blown mistake mistook mistaken
break broke broken must must
bring brought brought pay paid paid
build built built put put put
buy bought bought read read Read
can could ride rode ridden
catch caught caught ring rang rung
choose chose chosen rise rose risen
come came come run ran run
cost cost cost say said said
cut cut cut see saw seen
dig g g sell sold sold
do did done send sent sent
draw drew drawn set set set
drink drank drunk shall should
drive drove driven shine shone shone
eat ate eaten show showed shown
fall fell fallen shut shut shut
feel felt felt sing sang sung
find found found sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken
fly flew flown sit set set
forget forgot forgot/forgotten sleep slept slept
freeze froze frozen smell smelt smelt
get got got speak spoke spoken
give gave given spend spent spent
go went gone spill spilt spilt
grow grew grown spoil spoilt spoilt
hang hung/hanged hung/hanged stand stood stood
have(has) had had sweep swept swept
hear heard heard swim swam swum
hide hid hidden take took taken
hit hit hit teach taught taught
hold held held tell told told
hurt hurt hurt think thought thought
keep kept kept throw threw thrown
know knew known understand understood understood
lay laid laid wake woke/waked woken/waked
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned wear wore worn
leave left left will would
lend lent lent win won won
let let let write wrote witten
lie lay lain
3、be(「是/存在」)動詞的各種時態變化：
一 般 現 在 時 一 般 將 來 時 現 在 完 成 時
I am….
You are.…
He/She/It is….
We/You/They are…. (I等各人稱) will be….
I am
He/She/It is going to be…
We/You/They are I have been….
You have been….
She/he/It has been….
We/You/They have been….
一 般 過 去 時 過 去 將 來 時 過 去 完 成 時
I was….
You were.…
He/She/It was….
We/You/They were…. (I等各人稱) would be….
I was
He/She/It was going to be…
We/You/They were I had been….
You had been….
She/he/It had been….
We/You/They had been….
注意：句型變化時,
否定句在am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 後面加not,而且not都可以縮寫為n』t (am後面not不可以縮寫)；
疑問句將am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前到句首。
4. 初中英語必背單詞語法短語總結(人教)
鬼畫符第三
5. 初三的英語單詞重點的
Unit 1
flashcard<>快閃記憶體卡
Vocabulary<>字匯
aloud<>大聲地
pronunciation<>發音
specific<>特性
memorize<>記住
grammar<>語法
differently<>不同的
frustrate<>挫敗
frustrating<>挫敗
quickly<>很快的
add<>增加
excited<>興奮
not at all<>一點也不
end up<>結束
pronounce<>宣布
spoken<>口語的
slowly<>緩慢的
mistake<>錯誤
make mistakes<>製造錯誤
comma<>逗號
challenge<>挑戰
solution<>解決
later on<>稍後
realize<>了解
matter<>物質
it doesn't matter<>沒關系
afraid<>害怕
be afraid to<>害怕
laugh at<>笑
complete<>完全的
sentence<>句子
secret<>秘密
learner<>學習者
take notes<>做筆記
term<>學期
impress<>印象
trouble<>麻煩
fast<>快速的
look up<>查閱
soft<>柔軟
make up<>組成
essay<>散文
deal<>處理
deal with<>處理
unless<>除非
unfair<>不公平的
solve<>解決
regard<>關心
ty<>責任
easily<>容易地
influence<>影響力
be angry with<>氣惱
go by<>經過
friendship<>友誼
lose<>失去
disagreement<>不合
development<>發展
alt<>成人
try one's best<>試一個最好
unimportant<>不重要的
face<>臉
soldier<>士兵
break off<>中斷
psychologist<>心理學者
Pierre<>皮埃爾
Antonio<>安東尼奧
Lillian<>莉蓮
Stephen<>史蒂芬
Unit 2
used to<>過去一直
be interested in<>對……有興趣
airplane<>飛機
terrify<>使恐怖
be terrified of<>被驚嚇
go to sleep<>去睡覺
on<>在
insect<>昆蟲
candy<>糖果
chew<>咀嚼
gum<>樹膠
chat<>閑談
daily<>每日的
comic<>連環圖畫
death<>死亡
afford<>負擔
cause<>因素
himself<>他自己
patient<>病人
in the end<>後
decision<>決定
make a decision<>作決定
head teacher<>校長
necessary<>必需品
to one's surprise<>使...感到震驚
exactly<>完全地
even though<>即使
no longer<>不再
take pride in<>參加
attention<>注意
pay attention to<>注意
give up<>放棄
waste<>浪費
not...any more<>不再
Murray<>人名
Unit 3
piercee<>刺穿
license<>執照
silly<>愚蠢的
earring<>耳環
instead of<>代替
stay up<>熬夜
concentrate<>集中
concentrate on<>專注於
study<>研究
design<>設計
present<>禮物；現在
at present<>目前
opportunity<>機會
volunteer<>志願者
local<>當地
experience<>經驗
member<>成員
mess<>亂七八糟
old people's home<> 老人院
reply<>答復
newsletter<>時報
obey<>服從
in the way<>在路上
achieve<>實現
race<>比賽
realistic<>實際的
taught<>教
importance<>重要性
care<>照料
care about<>關心
succeed<>成功
point<>點
Kathy<>人名
Unit 4
million<>百萬
medical<>醫療的
research<>研究
tie<>領帶
worry<>煩惱
what if<>如果...將會怎麼樣
pimple<>丘疹
exam<>考試
energetic<>精力充沛的
confident<>自信的
permission<>許可
herself<>她自己
bother<>打攪
not...in the slightest<>一點也不
annoy<>使...苦惱
fairly<>公平地
piety<>虔誠
plenty of<>許多
get along wiht<>和某人相處
circle<>圓周
listener<>收聽者
knowledgeable<>聰明的
represent<>表現
let...down...<> 使人失望
come up with<>提出
rest<>休息
aid<>幫助
first-aid<>急救
nearby<>附近的
shelf<>架子
come out<>出來
cover<>表面
press<>壓力
deep<>深處
downstairs<>樓下
correct<>正確的
burn<>燒傷
knee<>膝蓋
pain<>痛苦
hurt<>傷害
safety<>安全
offer<>提議
refuse<>垃圾；拒絕；廢物
helpful<>有幫助的
treat<>招待
burn<>燒傷
Spotty<>人名
6. 人教版初中三年英語所有單詞及重點語法。
語法要精，就用奧風！，推薦奧風英語的 中學語法三劍客分中考版和高考版。中考版版包權括中考語法完全突破 視頻教程，記憶大綱，和精編中考語法專項練習，三件一套，大綱供背誦記憶，練習供運用鞏固，學記練一體，全面系統，配套完善，直節針對中考。可以說是目前公認最好的語法教程了。網路 中考語法完全突破 即可找到視頻，可以找來看看。
7. 初三上冊英語的語法和重點單詞和短語
英語書後面那些黑體字單詞，還有帶*的單詞都很重要，需要牢記，還有就是每個模版塊的語法權也重要，比如：現在完成時的被動語態：have/has+been+過去分詞；還有將來時的被動語態：will
be+過去分詞等
8. 初三英文語法（要最詳細的~）
初三語法講義
一．動詞（一）名詞
名詞分類：可數名詞，不可數名詞可數名詞變復數
1． 在名詞詞尾加-s
girl, girls; table, tables; roof, roofs; school, schools
2.以o, s, sh, ch, x結尾的名詞，加-es
tomato, tomatoes; class, classes; watch, watches; bush, bushes
3.以o結尾加-s
piano, pianos; photo, photos
4.以輔音字母加y結尾的，去掉y，加-ies
baby, babies; family, families; university, universities
5.以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s
toy, toys; monkey, monkeys; guy, guys
6.以f或者fe結尾的，去掉f, fe加-ves
wife, wives; life, lives; wolf, wolves; calf, calves
7. 改變形式的復數
man, men; child, children; foot, feet; mouse, mice; tooth, teeth
8.單數復數形式一樣
fish, fish; sheep, sheep; deer, deer; swine, swine
9.特殊詞彙的復數
looker-on, lookers-on; passer-by, passers-by
不可數名詞沒有數的概念
名詞所有格
1．一般情況』s
2．表示時間、距離、城市、國家
today』s paper at arms』 length a mile』s journey
Beijing』s weather China』s economy
3．of表示所有格 4．雙重所有格
a friend of mine a child of hers
（二）代詞
人稱代詞 人稱 單數 復數 主格 賓格
第一人稱
I me we us
第二人稱
you you you you
第三人稱
he him
they them
she her
it it
物主代詞
單數復數第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱
形容詞性物主代詞
My Your His Her Its Our Your Their
名詞性物主代詞
Mine Yours His Hers Its Ours Yours Theirs
反身代詞人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數
myselfyourselfhimself herself itself
復數ourselvesyourselvesthemselves
相互代詞each other/one another
不定代詞another/other/others
（三）數詞
基數詞
One two three four five six…..Hundreds of 正確數詞+hundred 正確
Hundred of 錯誤數詞+hundreds 錯誤數詞+hundreds of 錯誤
序數詞First second third fourth….
分數1/3 one third2/3 two thirds
（四）冠詞不定冠詞
例句用於可數名詞單數形式前
usan is a scientist.Pass me an orange, please.
不特指某人或某物
A boy is looking for you.
We work five days a week.
表示「一」的數量，但沒有one強烈
We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.
I have a mouth, a nose, two eyes and two ears.
用於固定片語中
A few, a little, a lot of, a moment ago
定冠詞
例句特指某人或者某物
Show me the photo of the boy.
雙方都知道的事物或人
Where are the new books, Jim?
They are on the small table.
上文提過的人或物
Ji Wei lives on a farm. The farm is not big.
獨一無二
The sun is bigger than the moon.
序數詞和形容詞最高級前
The first month of the year is January.
普通名詞構成的專有名詞前
The Great Wall
習慣用語
In the morning
On the left
零冠詞
用法
例句
專有名詞和不可數名詞前
China
名詞已經有定語this, that, my, your, some, any等
That letter is in her bag.
復數名詞表示一類人或物
My father and mother are teachers.
星期、月份、季節、節日前
It is Sunday today.
稱呼前
What colour are Mrs. Green』s shoes?
三餐和球類運動前
He went to school before breakfast this morning.
（五）介詞
多數考察為固定搭配，需要死記硬背
（六）形容詞與副詞
規則變化
構成方法
原級
比較級
最高級
單音節和少數雙音 節詞
一般在詞尾加-er/est
Cold
Strong
Fast
slow
Colder
Stronger
Faster
slower
Coldest
Strongest
Fastest
slowest
以字母e結尾的形容詞，在詞尾加-r/-st
Nice
large
Nicer
larger
Nicest
largest
重讀閉音節詞只有一個輔音字母時雙寫輔音字母，加-er/-est
Big
Thin
hot
Bigger
Thinner
hotter
Biggest
Thinnest
hottest
以輔音字母+y結尾的雙音節詞改y為i加-er/est
Easy
happy
Easier
happier
Easiest
happiest
部分雙音節詞
在詞前面加more/most
Delicious
Interesting
Easily
Carefully
More Delicious
More Interesting
More Easily
More Carefully
Most Delicious
Most Interesting
Most Easily
Most Carefully
不規則變化
原級
比較級
最高級
Good/well
Bad/badly/ill
Many/much
Little
far
Better
Worse
more
Less
Father
further
Best
Worst
Most
Least
Farthest
furthest
形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的用法
級
用法
例句
比較級
表示兩者的比較
Mr. King is taller than Mr. Read.
最高級
表示三者或者三者以上的比較
Whose drawing is the best of all?
She is the youngest in the class.
同級比較
I think science is as important as maths.
It is not as(so) warm today as yesterday.
二．動詞
（一） 時態
1．一般現在時
三單變形
情況
變化規則
例詞
一般情況
加-s
come, comes; learn, learns
以o,s,x,ch,sh結尾的詞
加-es
pass, passes; do, does
以輔音加y結尾的詞
變y為i加-es
fly, flies; cry, cries
2.現在進行時
現在分詞構成方法
情況及變化
例詞
一般情況，在動詞原形後加-ing
go, going; see, seeing
以不發音的e結尾的動詞去掉e加-ing
take, taking; live, living
以重讀閉音節結尾的詞，如果詞尾只有一個輔音字母，先把詞尾的輔音字母雙寫，再加-ing
plan, planning; cut, cutting; forget, forgetting
以ie結尾的詞變ie為y加-ing
die, dying; lie, lying; tie, tying
以ye和oe結尾的詞，直接加-ing
eye, eyeing; dye, dyeing
3.一般將來時
shall
will
be going to
4一般過去時
規則動詞過去構成
構成規則
原形
過去式
一般動詞在尾加-ed
look
play
start
looked
played
stared
結尾是e的動詞加-d
live
hope
use
lived
hoped
used
末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節，雙寫輔音字母，加-ed
stop
plan
trip
stopped
planned
tripped
結尾是輔音字母+y的動詞，變y為i加-ed
study
carry
worry
studied
carried
worried
詞尾 –ed的讀音
讀音
例詞
濁輔音和母音後
/d/
called borrowed
moved enjoyed
welcomed answered
清輔音後
/t/
finished helped
passed cooked
在t, d後面
/id/
wanted shouted
needed counted
5．過去進行時
was/were+現在分詞
6．現在完成時
have/has+過去分詞
用法一：表示從過去發生一直到現在，特點：用延續動詞，加段時間狀語
用法二：表示過去發生的事情而不用一般過去時，特點：不用延續動詞，不加段時間狀語
構成
7．過去完成時
時間軸：
--------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------à
A B C
過去的過去 過去 現在
（過去完成時態）
用法一：表示從過去發生一直到過去一時間，特點：用延續動詞，加段時間狀語
用法二：表示過去的過去發生的事情
8．過去將來時
不是考試的重點
（二） 被動語態
使用情況：不知道誰是主語
不強調主語
用來表示客觀的表達
構成：助動詞be+過去分詞
有些動詞主動語態中省略了不定式在變為被動語態時要講TO補充出來（非謂語動詞重點講解）
（三） 情態動詞
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)
dare/need
dare
肯定
否定
情態動詞
dare do
dare not do
實意動詞
dare/dares to do
do/does not dare to do
need
肯定
否定
情態動詞
need do
need not do
實意動詞
need / need s to do
do/does not need to do
may/can
may表示許可
can 表示自身能力
can/be able to區別
a) Can只有現在和過去兩個時態，be able to可以是任何時態
b) Can 不強調結果一定成功，be able to暗示結果一定成功
must表示必須，否定用needn』t
mustn』t表示禁止
（四） 非謂語動詞
1． 不定式to do
否定不定式為not to do
可以省略不定式to的詞
let/make/have/see/hear/watch/notice/feel/look at/listen to
注意：在以上詞出現在被動句中時要將to補充出來
2． 現在分詞與過去分詞
flying bird可以表達成the bird is flying.
broken arm可以表達成 the arm is broken
現在分詞強調過程，過去分詞強調結果
falling leaf/fallen leaf
boiling water/boiled water
3.動詞後加動詞的不同形式
(1)、加to doing
devote to doing/ get down to doing/ object to doing/ look forward to doing/ be used to doing
(2)、加to do
afford/agree/ask/attempt/choose/decide/hope/expect/intend/learn/manage/offer/plan/pretend/promise/refuse/wish
(3)、加doing
admit/appreciate/avoid/can』t help/stand/enjoy/escape/put off/risk/give up
(4)、加to do/doing都可以的但是意思有區別的
forget/remember/stop
(5)、加do/doing都可以但是意思有區別的
see/notice/hear
三．簡單句
（一） 反意疑問句
反意疑問句
反意疑問句用來表示提問者有一定的主見，但是沒有把握，希望對方來證實。
The weather here is very cold, isn』t it? Yes, it is.
You』re from Australia, aren』t you? yes, I am.
對反意疑問句回答，不管問題的提法如何，事實是肯定的就用肯定回答，否定的就要用否定的回答。
He isn』t going to the meeting, is he?
Yes, he is. 不，他要去的
No, he isn』t. 對，他不去
反意疑問句通常由一個陳述句和一個疑問句組成。當陳述句為肯定時，疑問句為否定；當陳述句為否定時，疑問句為肯定。但是以下幾個要注意：
1. 陳述部分主語 I, 疑問部分要用aren』t I
I am as tall as your sister, aren』t I ?
2. 陳述部分謂語是wish, 疑問部分要用may+主語
I wish to have a word with you, may I ?
3. 陳述部分用no, nothing, nobody ,never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時，疑問部分用肯定。
The Swede made no answer, did he?
4.有ought to的，陳述部分是肯定的，疑問部分用shouldn』t/oughtn』t+主語
He ought to know what to do, oughtn』t he?
5. 陳述部分有have to疑問部分用don』t+主語
we have to get there at eight tomorrow, don』t we?
6．陳述部分謂語是used to，疑問部分用didn』t+主語或者didn』t+主語
He used to take pictures there, didn』t he?
7．陳述部分有had better疑問句用hadn』t you?
You』d better read it by yourself, hadn』t you?
8.陳述部分有would rather疑問句用wouldn』t +主語
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn』t he?
9．陳述部分有．陳述部分有you』d like to疑問部分用wouldn』t+主語
You』d like to go with me, wouldn』t you?
10．感嘆句中，疑問部分用謂語+主語
What colours, aren』t they?
what a smell, isn』t it?
11陳述部分由neither…nor, either…or疑問部分根據實際邏輯意義而定
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
12． 陳述部分主語是指示代詞或者不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this疑問部分主語it
Everything is ready, isn』t it?
13.陳述部分為主語從句，疑問部分要根據情況而定
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn』t he?
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
I don』t think he is bright, is he?
14陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等疑問部分常用復數they
Everyone knows the answer, don』t they?
15.省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you
don』t do that again, will you?
16.陳述部分是there be結構，疑問部分用there省略主語代詞
There is something wrong with your watch, isn』t here?
17．否定前綴不能視為否定詞
it is impossible, isn』t it?
18．Must表示推測時，根據其推測情況來確定
He must be there now, isn』t he?
（二）感嘆句
How cold it is today!
What a good idea!
（三）祈使句
肯定類型
Be careful!
Come in, please.
Let me have a look.
否定類型
Don』t be lazy.
Don』t throw the ball like that.
Let him not go there./ Don』t let her go there
四．復合句
（一） 定語從句
We all like Old Fish that is handsome.
先行詞 關系詞
關系代詞： which, who, whom, whose, that
關系副詞：when, why, where
1．先行詞指人，用who/whom
（1）who可以做主語、賓語、或者表語，但who之前不能有介詞
（2）whom只能做賓語或者表語，但在all of/many of加先行詞時後只能加whom
注意：who.whom做賓語可以省略
2．先行詞為物，用which
（1）which可以代單詞
（2）which可以代短語
（3）which可以代句子
3．that與which區別
（1）只能用that情況
先行詞有人有物
先行詞為 all, little, few, much, none, the first, etc
先行詞為不定代詞
先行詞前修飾詞為 any, only, every, no, some, much, few, little, the first, the best, the only, the on, the very, the right, the last
（2）只能用which情況
非限定性定語從句
關系詞前有介詞
4．whose表示所屬關系
（1）whose後加名詞
（2）可以代人可以代物
（3）先行詞加whose加名詞=先行詞加名詞 of which結構
介詞+關系代詞=關系副詞
關系代詞後加不完整句
關系副詞/介詞+關系代詞後加完整句
主系表： 主系表都有， 完整句
主系表缺一個，不完整句
主謂賓：謂語動詞為及物動詞：主謂賓都有，完整句
主謂賓缺一個，不完整句
謂語動詞為不及物動詞： 主+動詞+介詞+賓語，完整句
主+動詞，完整句
主+動詞+介詞，不完整句
（二） 狀語從句
時間狀語從句：when, before, after, while, since, as, till, as soon as, the moment….
地點狀語從句: where, wherever
條件狀語從句：if, unless, so long as, as long as, in case, if only, provided that….
原因狀語從句：because, since, as, now that
結果狀語從句：so, so that, so…that, such…that
讓步狀語從句：though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever
目的狀語從句: that, so that, so, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest
比較狀語從句：than, as…as, so…as
五．主謂一致
就近原則
or, nor, either or, neither nor, not only…but also
就前原則
as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except
集體名詞的主謂一致
people, cattle, youth, police+復數謂語
machinery, equipment, furniture+單數謂語
audience, committee, crew, family, government, army, enemy, group, staff, team, couple, band+可單可復
時間、地點等數量概念的主謂一致
謂語用單數
Ten miles is a long way to go.
a of b結構中的主謂一致
按照A來確定謂語
a pair of trousers is enough.
Two pair of trousers are enough.
以S結尾的主謂一直問題：地理名詞、群島山脈等風景、學科名詞
國家加單數謂語： the United States
地理名詞，群島山脈等風景加復數謂語： the West Indies, Himalayas, Straits of England
學科名詞加單數謂語： politics, economics
六．習慣用語
七．固定搭配
八．介詞搭配
（一） 介詞＋名詞
against one』s will
at a loss
at one time
at home
at the same time
at work
at night
beside the point
by chance
by the way
by the end of
by all means
for the time being
for the sake of
from beginning to end
from time to time
in the end
in surprise
in trouble
in the street
in English
in a word
in the meantime
in vain
in need
in half
in no time
in a low voice
in the least
in public
in life
in a minute
in the eyes of
in time
in sight of
in place of
in detail
in a hurry
in any case
in case
in charge of
in bed
in addition to
in the course of
in particular
in time of
in return
in spite of
in reply to
in memory of
in honour of
in fear of
influence on
off hand
on guard against
on the ground
on the radio
on the way
on the right
on purpose
on strike
on account of
on sale
on the air
on time
out of work
out of order
on behalf of
on watch
on the whole
on show
on day
out of sight
out of repair
out of place
out of practice
out of date
out of breath
over the radio
to this day
thousands of
on the one hand, on the other hand
（二）形容詞＋介詞
absent from
aware of
apart from
according to
anxious for
angry at
afraid of
busy with
careful of
cruel to
e to
different from
equal to
be familiar to sb
be familiar with sth
be famous for
far from
fond of
full of
fussy about
grateful for
good at
hard on
interested in
instead of
kind to
keen on
late for
opposite to
once for all
polite to
proude of
ready for
responsible for
short of
sorry for
strict with
thankful to
wrong with
（三）動詞＋介詞
act on
answer for
agree to
agree with
agree on
arrive at
aim at
ask after
ask for
borrow from
believe in
belong to
break into
beat down on
begin at
base on
consist of
congratulate on
come to an end
compare with
compare to
care for
change for
change from to
clear up
catch up with
come across
come into
call up
call for
catch hold of
call on
depend on
do away with
disagree with
die of
die from
die for
devote to
engaged in
end with
fit in with
fail in
find out
give up
get over
get on
get on
get in touch with
get ready for
get in
go in for
grow up
give in
give lessons to
get up
go on
go all out
go through
go over
go down
go on with
go without
hand in
have nothing to do with
have something to do with
have a look at
head for
help with
have a word with
have words with
hope for
introce to
be inspired by
insist on
interfere with
join in
keep on
knock at
keep up with
long for
look up to
look up
learn by heart
leave for
look for
lie in
live on
laugh at
look down upon
look forward to
look through
meet with
make up one』s mind
make friends with
make room for
owe to
operate on
pay attention to
play with
put up
put off
point out
put up with
prevent from
persist in
put into practice
run out of
reply to
recover from
rely on
rob of
run over
result from
result in
set an example to
set about
set out
succeed in
speak of
supply with
share in
share with
settle in
see through
send for
stand by
stand for
stop from
spend on
show around
talk about
tide over
turn against
turn into
turn to
think of
think about
take care of
take off
turn out
turn round
turn up
take part in
to begin with
wait for
watch out for
write to
wake up
watch over
（四）過去分詞＋介詞
be absorbed in
be burdened with
be connected with
be covered with
be crowded with
be dressed in
be engaged to
be equipped with
be experienced in
be filed with
be furnished with
be interested in
be joined to
be known as
be known for
be made into
be made up of
be married to
be pleased with
be prepared for
be regarded as
be satisfied with
be ashamed of
be tired of
be terrified at
（五）動詞＋名詞＋介詞
apply ones』 mind to
catch sight of
do harm to
do wrong to
feel pity for
fix one』s eyes on
form the habit of
get a good hold of
give advice on
have none of
have trust in
have difficulty in
have trouble in
have effect on
have mercy on
have the honour of
keep a record of
make fun of
make best use of
make an apology
make one』s way to
make preparations for
make a mistake about
pass a judgment on
set fire to
put one』s heart and soul into
shake hands with
take aim at
take the side of
throw light on
take pride in
take delight in
take a message for
（六）動詞＋副詞＋介詞
add up to
break away from
be up to
cut down on
come up to
do well in
drop in on
face up to
fit in with
fall back on
get though with
get down to
get along with
go out of
go on with
go back on
go out of
go in for
grow out of
go ahead with
keep away from
keep up with
live up to
make up for
make up with
make out of
think highly of
watch out for
work hard at
（七）動詞＋介詞＋名詞
arrive at a conclusion
burst into pieces
burst into tears
burst into laughter
come to the rescue
come into use
come into power
come into effect
come into light
come to a conclusion
get in a word
set to work take on a new look
9. 初三英語語法總結~~~~
句子成分：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補足語和狀語
1、主語：
(1)由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞用主格)、動詞不定式、動名詞等充當,說明動作是「誰」發出的，主語是句子陳述的對象，說明是誰或什麼，表示句子說的是「什麼人」，或」什麼事「，如「我寫字」中的「我」，做出寫字這個動作。「寫」則是謂語，「字」是賓語，是接受謂語「寫」這個動作的對象，因此是賓語。如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (畫家畫了一幅漂亮的畫。) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他們勇敢地與非典搏鬥。) / To see is to believe. (耳聽為虛眼見為實). / Helping animals is to help people. (幫助動物就是幫助人類。)
(2)動詞不定式或動名詞做主語時可用it代替,而不定式或動名詞移至表語或賓語之後。如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat ring the long journey. (在長途旅行中能有個甲等座位簡直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多對你的身體不利。)（比較好看，避免頭重腳輕）
(3)口語中常見主語或「主--系」省略：(It is) nothing. ((那)沒有什麼。)/ (It) doesn』t matter. ((那)沒有關系。) / (I) thank you. ((我)謝謝你。)
(4)反意問句的附加問句,主語必須是代詞：The man looks worried, doesn』t he? (這個人看上去很著急不是嗎？) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren』t they? (老虎是危險的動物不是嗎？)
(5)祈使句一般省略主語。加主語時往往用來指定某個人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子們請保持鍵盤的清潔。) (省略了主語) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去給我弄一杯水來。)
(6)主語一般在句首,但在問句中會處於第二位和句尾；倒裝句及there be句型主語在動詞之後。如：Computers are made in this factory. (計算機生產於這家工廠。) / Where are they? (他們在哪兒？) / Does the boy like staying home? (這個男孩喜歡呆在家裡嗎？)
(7)主語與謂語必須保持單、復數的一致, 而謂語與表語或賓語之間沒有這一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都沒有通過考試。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中華民族是一個勤勞勇敢的民族。)
(8)主語可以由從句充當,詳見「主語從句」。
2、謂語：是對主語動作或狀態的陳述或說明，指出「做什麼」，「是什麼」或「怎麼樣」，在主語後接賓語，又稱受詞，是一個動作的接受者。
(1)由「不及物動詞」、「及物動詞+賓語」或「系動詞+表語」等構成,說明主語所表示的人物「干什麼」或「怎麼樣」。如：
He travelled in space for the first time .(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年誰教你們的英語？) / The pizza has gone bad. (那塊烤餡餅已經變壞。) /
(2)謂語動詞必須反映出人稱、單復數、時態等信息,謂語動詞往往由下列詞語依序排列構成：［情態動詞］+［時態助動詞］（現在完成時）+［語態助動詞］（如被動語態）+［主要動詞］(不一定全部出現)。(見動詞的時態和語態構成表)記住：謂語部分第一個動詞往往是變形動詞。如：
I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (對不起我發出了太大的聲音但是只能這樣。) / He can』t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能讀完了那本長達800頁的小說。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (該採取措施防止禽流感蔓延。)
(3)謂語動詞切忌用「行為動詞1 + 原形動詞」、「be + 原形動詞」。
記住使用下列正確形式：
①情態動詞+原形動詞。如：You』d better go over the lesson.（你最好復習這一課。）
②shall/ will/ would+原形動詞。如：They should have been there once.（他們應該去過那兒。）
③be+現在分詞或者過去分詞。如：What are you doing this evening?（今晚你打算做什麼？）---表示一般將來時/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（自從20世紀70年代大批樹木被砍伐。）
④have+過去分詞。如：Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（意思同上）
⑤一般時問句和否定句中：do/does/did+原形動詞。如：He does not enjoy himself very much.（他日子過的不好。）/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?（你們當中有誰見過恐龍蛋嗎？）
⑥行為動詞1+行為動詞2 (不定式、動名詞、現在分詞、過去分詞等形式)。如：He made up his mind to be a vet.（他拿定主意要做個獸醫。）/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.（自尊自愛是享受生活的根本。）/ They wake up the other family members, calling,「Merry Christmas!」（他們叫醒家庭的其他成員,呼喊著：聖誕快樂！）/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.（古代的埃及國王讓人給他們自己修建堅固的墳墓。）
(4)不可用形容詞、名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語等獨立作謂語,必須在此之前加連系動詞。
(5)謂語動詞單復數形式：單數形式的動詞有：is,was,has,does以及「動詞+s」；復數形式的動詞有：are,were,have以及動詞原形。其他動詞不分單、復數。
謂語部分第一個動詞的形式 單數形式 復數形式
一般現在時be(是)動詞；
現在某些時態和語態的助動詞be am (單一); are (單二); is (單三); are
一般過去時be(是)動詞；
過去某些時態和語態的助動詞be was (單一); were (單二); was;(單三) were
一般現在時have(有)動詞；
現在完成時態的助動詞have have (單一); have (單二); has (單三); have
一般現在時行為動詞和助動詞do do (單一、單二); does (單三) do
實意動詞和連系動詞的一般現在時動詞（否定和疑問句除外） 原形動詞(單一、單二); 動詞+s /es (單三) 原形動詞
其他各時態語態的謂語動詞 單復數形式相同
記住：主語、謂語單復數必須保持一致。（參見「4、名詞或代詞作主語時和謂語之間的單復數的一致問題：」） Air and water is necessary to us all.(空氣和水對於我們大家是必不可少的。)
(6)一般問句和反意問句的回答不使用行為動詞,應該使用「是」動詞、情態動詞、助動詞(be,will,have,do以及變形)。如：The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn』t it? ----Yes, it is.(奧運會每兩年舉辦一次,是嗎？----是的。)
3、賓語：又稱受詞，是指一個動作（動詞）的接受者。賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語兩大類，其中直接賓語（經常指被做的人）指動作的直接對象，間接賓語說明動作的非直接，但受動作影響的對象。一般而言，及物動詞後面最少要有一個賓語，而該賓語通常為直接賓語，有些及物動詞要求兩個賓語，則這兩個賓語通常一個為直接賓語，另一個為間接賓語。
(1) 由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞要用賓格)、不定式、動名詞、(賓語)從句充當,表示動作的承受者是「誰」或者是「何物」。如： The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那個天使同樣來到約瑟夫面前並且告訴他同樣的事情。)(代詞和名詞充當兩個賓語) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告訴我說公司付不起他那麼多的錢。) (不定式作賓語) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons. (他們如此喜愛看足球以至於常常忘記了他們的功課。) (動名詞作賓語) / I think to be a children』s doctor is very rewarding.(我認為當個兒童醫生是很值得的。) (從句作賓語)
(2) 只有及物動詞或介詞才有賓語,不及物動詞沒有賓語,如果涉及到事物,則必須在不及物動詞後面加合適的介詞。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物動詞,故加to。) / Can you hear anything exciting?(你能聽到什麼令人興奮的消息嗎？)
(3) 賓語一般放在及物動詞或介詞的後面,但是在疑問句中,如果賓語是疑問詞,則賓語要放在句首。介詞的賓語如果是疑問詞,則可以放在介詞後或句首。如：What did he see? (他看見了什麼？) / What does he write a letter with? (他用什麼寫的信？) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什麼寫的信？)
(4)「動詞+副詞+賓語」結構中,如果賓語是代詞,則代詞必須放在「動」「副」之間。如：Please put the shoes away. (請把鞋子收起來。) / Please put away the shoes. (請把鞋子收起來。) / Please put them away. (請把它們收起來。)
(5) 動詞後面跟雙賓語時可以採用兩種結構：
①動詞+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(物)。如：He often gives me some help. (他常常幫我。)
②動詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語。注意,一般情況介詞用to,但動詞是make, buy, borrow時,介詞用for.如： Please make me a kite. (請給我做個風箏。)或Please make a kite for me.
(6) 在「動詞+賓語+賓補」結構中,如果賓語是不定式、動名詞、賓語從句,則常用it做形式賓語,而將實際的賓語移到補語後面去。如：I found the job rather difficult. (我發覺這個工作相當難做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job.
(7) 賓語可以由從句充當,詳見「賓語從句」。
4、表語：
(1) 說明主語的身份、性質、狀況等含義的成分,通常由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、代詞等充當。如：He became a doctor after he left high school.(高中畢業他當上了醫生。) / The rubber wheels are over there.(橡膠輪子在那邊。) / He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何東西因為他得了重感冒。) / Who is it?(誰呀？)
(2) 表語只能放在連系動詞(如：be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之後,對表語進行提問的句子除外。
(3) 代詞做表語一般用主格,口語中常用賓。如：It』s I. (It』s me.)是我。
(4) 只能作表語的形容詞有：sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(他很為他的粗心而歉疚。) / Please make no noise here; the baby is asleep.(請不要發出響動,嬰兒正熟睡呢。) / I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是對獨坐孤舟無所事事感興趣。) / I am not alone in thinking so.(並非只有我才這樣想的。)
(5) 表語也可以由從句充當,詳見「表語從句」。
5、定語：
(1) 修飾名詞或代詞的成分,常由形容詞、名詞(含所有格)、代詞(物主、指示、疑問、不定)、介詞短語、不定式(短語)充當,在初三階段還學習了定語從句做定語的知識。如：Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上層的抽屜里。) / France and Switzerland are European countries. (法國和瑞士是歐洲國家。) / His mother and father are both college teachers.(他的父母都是大學教師。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life.(這是我一輩子難忘的日子。)
(2) 單詞做定語時一般放在被修飾的名詞前面,而且有一定的次序：
冠詞/
物代 年齡/形狀/
大小/溫度 色彩 來源 質地/
材料 目的/
用途 被修飾的名詞(中心詞)
a
the
my
his
… old,young,… red,
yellow,
blue,
… Chinese,
English,
American,
… wooden,
woolen,
glass,
silk,
paper
… meeting,
tennis,
sports,
reading,
swimming,
… box,
shoes,
room,
pig
…
long,short,
round, square…
big, large,
small, little…
hot, cold,
warm, cool…
(3) 時間副詞(now,then,today,yesterday,...)、地點副詞(here,there,back,in,out,home,...作定語時放在被修飾的名詞後面。如：I could not find my way out, so I stayed there all along. (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那兒。)
(4) 介詞短語修飾名詞時只能放在名詞的後面：The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday. (籠子里的猴子是昨天逮著的。)
(5) 形容詞修飾復合不定代詞時,往往後置。如：He remembered everything unusual. (他記得所有不尋常的事情。)
(6) 定語還可以用從句充當,詳見 定語從句。
(7) 注意：由於定語屬於修飾性的成分,因此它常歸入主語、賓語、表語之中,不作為句子的主要成分。
6、狀語：
(1) 說明動作「何時」、「何地」、「如何」發生,或者說明形容詞或副詞的程度,一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式、狀語從句等充當。如：I was not born yesterday.（我又不是昨天才出世的娃娃。）/ For many of these families a college ecation was something new.（對其中的許多家庭來說,大學教育是件新事物。）/ He woke up to find his house on fire.(他醒來發現房子著火了。) / You cannot leave until your work is finished.(在你的工作被完成以前你不能離開)
(2) 副詞作狀語位置較為靈活,詳見《六•2》「副詞在句子中的位置以及作用」；介詞短語作狀語,位置基本固定,詳見《七•4》「介詞短語在句子中的位置」；不定式作狀語,一般表示目的、結果,詳見《八•7》「動詞的非謂語形式」；從句作狀語,詳見《主從復合句》的「狀語從句」。
(3) 多個狀語相連時,一般先單詞、後短語,先地點、後時間,先小概念、後大概念。如：He went ouf of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark.(他昨夜22點3刻從房間里出來,然後消失在黑暗之中。) /
(4) 狀語還可以用從句來充當,有時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結果狀語從句、比較狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句等。詳見「狀語從句」。
(5) 注意：由於狀語屬於修飾性的成分,常歸入謂語,因此不作為句子的主要成分。
7、賓語補足語：
(1) 補充說明賓語的動作、狀態的成分為賓語補足語,常由名詞、形容詞、動詞非謂語形式(不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞等)、介詞短語等充當。如：Call him Jim, please. (請叫他Jim。) / I tried my best to make him happy. (我竭盡所能讓他開心。) / Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow. (請他明天來。) / He let the smaller animals bring food to him. (他讓小動物們給他帶食物來。)
(2) 部分表示位置、方向的副詞也可以作賓語補足語。如：Let him in, I tell you! (我跟你說,讓他進來！)/ Please put it away. (請把它收起來。)
(3) 不定式或分詞作賓語補足語的情況 （略）